JILID 23, 2016 ISSN 0128-6048

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PERPUSTAKAAN NEGARA MALAYSIA

KEMENTERIAN PELANCONGAN DAN KEBUDAYAAN MALAYSIA

JURNAL FILOLOGI MELAYU

Jilid 23

KUALA LUMPUR PERPUSTA KAAN NEGARA MALAYSIA

20 16

SIDANG REDAKSI

Penasihat YBrs. Nafisah Ahmad

Ketua Pengarah Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia

Editor Abdul Rahman Sudin

Timbalan Editor Faizal Hilmie Yusof

Penolong Editor Mastura binti Hussin

N orida Abas@ Abdu llah

Editor Bersekutu Dr. Harun Ngah bin Mat Piah

Diterbitkan oleh Perpustakaan Negara Malays ia

Pusat Kebangsaan Manuskrip Melayu 232 , Jalan Tun Razak 50572 Kuala Lumpur

Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Data Pengkatalogan-dalam-Penerbitan

Jumal Filologi Melayu/Perpustakaan Negara Malays ia, 1992 -Kuala Lumpur: Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia, 1992-.

Jil. : 26 em Tahunan lSSN 0 128-6048

l. Malay philology - Periodicals. II . JUdul : 4dLJ... ~~~p,~ = 899.2305

Hak cipta Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia 201 6

1. Perpustakaan Ncgara Mal ays ia. Jumal Filologi Melayu.

Para penulis makalah bcrtanggungjawab scpcnuhnya tcrhadap pcndapat-pcndapat yang tc rdapat da lalll Ill aka lah masing-masing.

KANDUNGAN

Dari Meja Editor

Catalogue of Malay Manuscripts: A Preliminary Survey Wan Ali Wan Malllat

Kajian Filologi Teks Hujjat AI-Balighah 'ala lamaahal-Mukhasamah Karya Syeikh lalaluddin al-Asy; Tumpuan Kajian: Tahqiq Teks Bab as-Syahadahwa aI-Half Ahmad Misbah Mllhamad Hilmi Lllqmall Abdlll Mlltalib Mllhamad Yllsef Niteh

Sastera Kitab dan Kitab Turath dalam Penyelidikan Manuskrip Melayu Fairuzah bl. Basri Mlljailli Tarimin

Sumber-Sumber Penghujahan Ri salah fi Bayan Hukm aI-Bay wa AI-Riba , oleh Syeikh Abdul Qadir Bukit Bayas Hasalllllddill Mohd Abdul Karim. Ali ZlIrila Mohd YIISOf! Jamal/lIddi//. Hashim ElIgkll Ibrahim. Engku Wok Zill

The National Centre for Malay Manuscripts: Conserving the Invaluabe Nation 's Intellectual Heritage Wall HlIssill bi//. Wall Ismail Faizal Hilm,ie bill Yllsof

The Terengganu Royal Charms and Cures Wan Hussin bin Wan Ismail Noor Lela binti Osman

Muka Surat

7

9

16

33

48

61

67

Kuasa Feudal sebelum Penjajahan dan selepas Penjajahan dalam Hikayat Melayu 77

Nora-;.imah bl Zakaria

DARI MEJA EDITOR

Peradaban dan martabat sesuatu bangsa dapat dilihat atau dinilai melalui hasil karya penulisan yang diwarisi dan dimiliki. Maka bangsa Melayu tidak terkecuali dalam perkara ini. Karya-karya manuskrip Melayu adalah pancaran kegemilangan ilmu pengetahuan dan kehidupan bangsa Melayu. Berdasarkan kepada 4862 naskhah manuskrip Melayu asal koleksi Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia, terbukti bangsa Melayu adalah salah satu bangsa yang kaya dengan akal budi untuk memandu seluruh aspek kehidupan mereka melalui hasi l penulisan manuskrip. Karya-karya ini ditulis dalam pelbagai genre seperti ketatanegaraan, undang-undang, matematik, sains dan teknologi, ilmu bahasa, ilmu tradisional Melayu, ilmu agama dan sebagainya.

Penyelidikan dalam bidang manuskrip Melayu adalah kajian yang mencakupi pelbagai bidang ilmu yang wujud dalam bentuk tulisan yang boleh dijadikan panduan, rujukan dan bah an kajian untuk generasi muda masa kini dan akan datang. Sehingga kini tidak banyak kajian filologi Melayu yang dapat dilaksanakan secara mendalam, menyeluruh, mutakhir dan sistematik oleh para sarjana dan khususnya sarjana tempatan kita sendiri. Menyedari betapa pentingnya karya-karya manuskrip ini kepada masyarakat, Pusat Kebangsaan Manuskrip Melayu, PNM berusaha menggalakkan penyelidikan dalam semua bidang manuskrip Melayu.

Oleh yang demikian, penerbitan Jurnal Filologi Melayu, Jilid 23 ini, merupakan sebahagian daripada hasil usaha yang dilakukan oleh saljana kita dalam mengkaji dan menggali ilmu manuskrip Melayu. Manuskrip Melayu yang diketahui adalah bah an bertulis tangan oleh ilmuan dahulu dimana, di dalamnya mengandungi pelbagai ilmu pengetahuan di luar jangkauan pemikiran masyarakat Melayu pada ketika itu. Dengan ini , kita dapat mengimbau kembali pengetahuan dan kebijaksanaan ilmuan terdahulu dalam menghasilkan karya bertulis yang sangat hebat ini.

Setinggi-tinggi penghargaan dan terima kasih kepada sarjana yang sudi menyumbangkan hasil kajian mereka bagi penerbitan Jurnal Filologi Melayu, Jilid 23, 2016 ini. Antara penyumbang kertas kerja adalah Dr. Wan Ali Wan Mamat, Dr. Fairuzah Basri , Dr. Mujaini Tarimin, Dr. Hasanulddin Mohd, Abdul Karim Ali , Zurita Mohd Yusoff, Jamalluddin Hashim , Engku Ibrahim Engku Wok Zin, Ahmad Misbah Muhammad Hilmi, Dr. Luqman Abdul Mutalib, Dr. Muhamad Yusef Niteh, Dr. Norazimah Zakaria, Wan Hussin Wan Ismail, Faizal Hilmie Yusof dan Norlela Osman.

Catalogue of Malay Manuscripts: A Preliminary Survey'

Wan Ali Wan Mamat

Synopsis

Many catalogues of Malay manuscripts have been published. The earliest catalogues were mainly in the form of simple listing only but later by those in descriptive formats for individual collection. Lately there are also been attempts to set up union catalogues meant for collections in several institutions. This paper is an allempt to survey the development of catalogues for Malay manuscripts and their qualities fi"Om library science perspectives. The survey on their qualities is based on the comprehensiveness of their catalogue entries. From the survey it is f ound they can be divided into several categories. In line with the need to develop effective bibliographic control, this paper will also propose additional information that should be made available in each catalogue ently to meet the needs of potential researchers. Selective catalogues will be analyzed based on the extensiveness of fields of knowledge in their catalogue entries.

Keywords: Malay manuscripts. Catalogue. Bibliographic control.Librarianship .

Introduction

Knowledge resources like books, journals, newspapers etc. need to be managed accordingly in order to be effective. Availabi lity of resources in a library does not mean very much to users if they are difficult to be used. Even in a small collection like a home library, the materials would be difficult to be retrieved if they were not properly organized. If they were not organized at all , the materials would be mixed up among the different subjects and retrieval would then be difficult. In a bigger collection like in a library definitely the collections need to be organi zed well. The multitude of materials available and the varied groups of users will in no time make the collection a mess. Not only a user will find it difficult to search for a particular book, but the librarian will find it equally difficult to arrange the books on the shelves . According to Stockwell (200 I :93), "as collection of books and other materials in libraries have grown in numbel; the problem of identifying the contents of each volume has expanded proportionally. Various methods for arranging books and creating catalogs for them have been applied to ease the process of locating individual titles. Afier all, arranging

This anicle was earlier prcsc llIcd at MANASSA Conference , Pont ianak on 18- 19 September 2015 with minor corrections.

10 / Jurnal Filologi Melayu

books by size or the color of their bindings accomplishes little ". In order to overcome the problem rules on proper documentation are devised by

authoritative agencies on such matters like name of authors, titles, series etc. On class ification for example, several systems were developed in order to ensure the proper arrangement of library resources on the shelves. The most famous class ification systems are Dewey Decimal Classification system (DDC), Universal Decimal Class ification System (UDC) and Library of Congress Classification System (LC). DDC was developed by an American librarian, Melvil Dewey, in 1876. This system divides knowledge into ten categories or subj ects, each represented by a three digit number, from 000 to 999 . Each of them is further divided into more specialized fields in order to meet library need . The ten bas ic categories of knowledge as classified by Dewey are as follows: generalities, philosophy & psychology, re ligion, social sciences, language, natural sciences & mathematics, technology (applied sciences), the arts , literature, geography & history.

To manage collections or organizing knowledge in a library, systems and rules need to be developed for bibliographic control. The whol e process of organizing knowledge resources in library term is called bibliographic control encompassing the creation, storage, manipulation and retrieval of bibliographic data (Smirag lia, 1987: 6). For thi s purpose tool s have been devised in organizing knowledge including bibliog raphies, catalogues, indexes, classification systems, catalogue entries etc. Bibliographic control , as a general rule, need to fulfill three basic functions, namely identification functi on, collocation function and evaluation functions.

a. Identification function

It helps a user to identify a particular item in a library by matching his idea about the item concerned with the basic information or identifier available in the too l. For example ifhe is interested on Sejarah Melay u he can zoom to the titl e concerned in the title index section in the catalogue.

b. Collocation function

Collocation will help users in gathering a g roup of items on a parti cular subject he is interested in. Ifhe is interested on Sejarah Melayu for example, he can eas ily find them in the tool because they are grouped together in the titl e index section . Cata logue for an individual collation will be li sted a lphabetica lly the manuscripts of the same titl e. If it were in a catalogue for several collections or institutions (better known as union catalogue) the same arrangement would happen.

c. Evaluation function

A catalogue could help users in making a quick evaluati on of the manuscripts and the best items appropriate for his work, especially if the cata logue is descripti ve in nature where more detailed information are available. The more ex tens ive the fi e lds covered by a catalogue entry the better. For example, from the many titl es Sejarah MelaYl{ available in the tool , he can choose one that is most appropria te for hi s work ba ed on the information available in the catalogue entries.

Jurnal Filologi Melayu I II

The Concept of Catalogue

Catalogue is one of the tools in bibliographic control. The purpose of a catalogue is to enable users find books in a collection more easily, record the holdings of a library and assist users in finding books suitable for his needs. A catalogue is basically an organized set of records of books or manuscripts in a holding like a library or resource center, arranged alphabetically, numerically or the like for ease of use by users and librarians alike. A good catalogue should have dimensions over and above the manuscripts concerned. It should contain information on the literature relating to the manuscripts (Khazanah Naskah, 1999: 8). Normally the records are published for easy distribution and use, but can also in unpublished format. According to Prytherch (2000: 123), "catalogue is a list 0/ books, maps, or other items, arranged in some definite ordel~ It records, descRibes and indexes (usually completely) the resources 0/ a collection, a librmy or a group o/libraries. To be distinguished/rom (i) a list, which may or may not be in any particular order or may be incomplete, and (ii) a bibliography, which may not be confined to anyone collection or to a particular group o/libraries. "

A catalogue does not need to contain many entries as long as it has reasonable number of entries in a collection. Prytherch opined that catalogue is the compilation of systematic or enumerative bibliographies - books, manuscripts, audio visual formats and other publications arranged in a logical order giving author, title, date and place of publication, publisher, edition, pagination, series and other information on contents (2000: 70). Nicholson in his introduction to Catalogue oj" Malay Manuscripts and Manuscripts Relating to the Malay Language in the Bodleian Library (1910) offered a simple but succinct idea on the concept of catalogue and the expertise needed to be a manuscript cataloguer. Relating to the catalogue concerned he said, "It may be asked whether, since the MSS. were very few, it was worthwhile as yet to issue a catalogue of them. The answer is twofold. Firstly, the opportunity we have of acquiring additional Malay MSS. are so rare that a delay 0/ centuries might not have seen any considerable increase in their numba And, secondly, the chances we have 0/ obtaining a competent cataloguer/or them are likewise so rare that it was well to seize the present opportunity. " (Greentree, 1910: iii).

Catalogue is a product of a process called cataloguing which is basically the preparation of catalogue entries for each manuscript. The process normally begins with identifying the authors and titles to be followed by basic physical information of the manuscript concerned like pagination and writing materials. A more detailed catalogue entry involves more fields like materials, writing, illumination and subject content. Throughout the process is intertwined the process of authority control (Taylor, 2006: 18). The main objective of a catalogue is to create an effective tool to user in searching for resources, including manuscript. A good catalogue normally contains an index as finding aid to users. For a manuscript catalogue the more extensive the information available in the catalogue the better for researcher. In other words, a simple catalogue is better than listing and a descriptive catalogue is better than simple catalogue. Catalogue entry is the record of a particular manuscript. Each entry bears details of class number or call number to enable the item to be found in a collection, as well as sufficient details such as author, title, date , editorship, illustrations, pagination and editions to identify and descRibe the item. It may include (a) analytical entries; (b) abstracts;

12 / Jurnal Filologi Melayu

(c) annotations; (d) entries under subjects; (e) entries for pertinent information material in other parts of the organization or in other libraries (Prytherch, 2000: 123).

The lack of standardization in cataloguing description, especially Engli sh and American manuscripts compelled an American to publish Rules f or the Compilation of the Catalogue in 1841 , followed by Charles Cutter in 1876 with hi s book Rules for a Printed Dictionary Catalogue. According to Arlene G. Taylor a catalogue is an organized set of bibliographic records that represent the holdings of a particular collection and/or resources access ible in a particular location (2006: 6). A collection is normally located in a particular place or in different parts of the same organization. Later the concept of catalogue developed to cover the holdings of many institutions, better known as union catalogue. Information on individual book or manuscript is called main catalogue entry containing such information like title, author, physical description, date of creation and subj ect matters.

Types of Catalogues

Catalogue for Malay manuscripts can be di vided into four categories . However, we need to emphasize that the development of the categories does not necessarily happened according to phases rather almost simultaneously. A category can be found in the 19th century but also in the end of the 20th century. The categories are:

a. Listing of catalogue, b. Simple catalogue, c. Descriptive catalogue, and d. Union catalogue.

Although many catalogues were produced in the past centuries on Malay manuscripts but they were rather the works of concerned individuals with littl e knowledge on technica l matters, to borrow the concept put forward by Nicholson . They were quite well versed on subjects but very little on technicalities. The basic characterist ic of the catalogues during these early years is that they are listing of titles rather than a proper catalogue with descripti on as we understand it today. Nonetheless their pioneering works should be apprec iated.

For Malay-Indonesian manuscripts we have pioneers in the 17- 18th centuri es. Isaac de St. Martin (1696), Francois Yalentijn ( 1627) and Werndly ( 1736) were among them, whose works were mainly in the form of li sting of titles of Malay manuscripts. The list of Malay manuscripts in the collection of Isaac de St. Martin with 60 titl es was listed by M. Laeydec ker and C. Mutter in May 1696. F. Yalentijn listed 23 titl es in Oud en Nieuw Oos(-llldien ( 1724-1726, III ( I): 26-27), and G.H. Werndly listed 77 titles (Khazanah Naskah, 1999 : 132). imple catalogue contains the identifiers or the first fi eld of informati on for Malay manuscripts. The identifier is the most basic information of a particular manuscript and can be construed as probably the easiest to do. It contains only the name of the institution (if nece sary), classification number, title, name of author/copyist and date the manu ·cript was written. Interestingly descriptive catalogue happened very early with Juynboll and Ri ckl efs works on Malay and Indonesian manuscripts in University of Leiden Library (1899) and Greentree & Nicholson on Malay manuscripts in Bodleian Library, Oxford (19 10) .

Muka HadapanJURNAL FILOLOGI MELAYU Jilid 23KANDUNGANCatalogue of Malay Manuscripts:A Preliminary Survey'Kajian Filologi Teks Hujjat AI-Balighah 'alaJamaahal-Mu khasamah Karya Syeikh Jalaluddin al-Asyi;Tumpuan Kajian:Tahqiq Teks Bab as-Syahadahwa al HalfSastera Kitab dan Kitab Turath dalam Penyelidikan Manuskrip MelayuSumber-Sumber Penghujahan Ri sa lah fi Bayan Hukm AI-Bay' wa AI-Riba' oleh Syeikh AbdulQadir Bukit BayasRujukanThe National Centre for Malay Manuscripts:Conserving the Invaluabe Nation's Intellectual HeritageThe Terengganu Royal Charms and CuresKuasa Feudal Sebelum Penjajahan dan Selepas Penjajahan dalam Hikayat Melayumuka belakang