formula ekonomi.doc

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STPM 944/1 EKONOMI KERTAS 1

FORMULA MIKROEKONOMI

BIL KONSEP MIKRO

EKONOMI

FORMULA

1 Kos lepas Kos lepas barang X per!ba"an barang #

Per!ba"an barang X

Kos lepas barang # per!ba"an barang X

Per!ba"an barang #

$ F!ngs% /persa&aan per&%n'aan %n(%)%(! (an

pasaran

*ala& seb!'an P

P R + S,

*ala& seb!'an ,

,( a - bP

. F!ngs% / persa&aan

penaaran 0%r&a (an

pasaran

*ala& seb!'an P

P 2 (,

*ala& seb!'an ,

,s n 2 &P

4 Kese%&bangan pasaran Melal!% persa&aan 0!ngs% per&%n'aan (an penaaran3

ese%&bangan (%apa% apab%la

,s ,(



5 Kean6alan per&%n'aan

"arga7

E( 8 per!ba"an !an'%'% (%&%n'a

8per!ba"an "arga

,1+,o ,

,o ,o

E( ++++++++ a'a! E( +++++++

P1+Po P

Po Po

: *ar6a"+(ar6a" ean6alan per&%n'aan "arga

A'a!

(ar6a"+(ar6a" ean6alan penaaran "arga

Per&%n'aan an6al ; < = E( = 1 >

Per&%n'aan '%(a an6al ; 1 = E( = ? >

Per&%n'aan an6al sa'! ; E( 1 >

Per&%n'aan an6al se&p!rna ; E( < >

Per&%n'aan '%(a an6al se&p!rna ; E( ? >

No'a @S%&bol E( (%gan'%an (engan Es !n'! ean6alan penaaran "arga



Kean6alan per&%n'aan

s%lang

Es 8per!ba"an !an'%'% X ang (%&%n'a

8 per!ba"an "arga barang #

E s%lang 8,( C ,X1 - ,Xo D P#1 + P#o

8P ,Xo Po

Kean6alan per&%n'aan pen(apa'an

E# 8 per!ba"an !an'%'% ang (%&%n'a

8 per!ba"an pen(apa'an

E 8,( ,1 - ,o D #1 + #o

8# ,o #o

9 Kean6alan penaaran Es8 per!ba"an !an'%'% (%'aaran

8 per!ba"an "arga

Es 8,s ,1+ ,o D P1 - Po

8P ,o Po



1? U'%l%'% S!'

U'%l%'% S!' per r%ngg%'

se'%ap brg3

MU

P

!&la" U'%l%'%

U'%l%'% S!' Per!ba"an !&la" !'%l%'%

Per!ba"an !an'%'%

MU TU

,

Bag% es sa'! barang U'%l%'% S!' Garga

MU C P C

Bag% es (!a barang a'a! leb%"3 sara' ese%&bangan pengg!na %ala"

1 MU C MU 77777777 MU H

P C P P H

$ !&la" pen(apa'an 6!&la" perbelan6aan

# PC,C 2 P,2 777PH,H

!&la" U'%l%'% !&la" U'%l%'% X 2 !&la" U'%l%'% #

TUC 2 TU

11 Leb%"an pengg!na J ;P X ,>

1$ F!ngs% pengel!aran

6anga pan6ang

,C 0 ;T3B3M3P>



1. F!ngs% pengel!aran

6anga pen(e

,C 0 ;T3B>

;an(a%an "ana $ 0a'or pengel!aran sa"a6a3 'ana" (an b!r!">

14 Kel!aran P!ra'a !&la" Kel!aran

!&la" Inp!' Ber!ba"

AP TP

T

15 Kel!aran S!' / Marg%nal Per!ba"an !&la" Kel!aran

Per!ba"an !&la" Inp!' Ber!ba"

MP TP

TF

1: !&la" Kos !&la" Kos Te'ap 2 !&la" Kos Ber!ba"

T TF 2 T

17 Kos Te'ap P!ra'a !&la" Kos Te'ap

!&la" Kel!aran

AF TF

,

17 Kos Ber!ba" P!ra'a !&la" Kos Ber!ba"

!&la" Kel!aran

A T

,



197 Kos P!ra'a !&la" Kos

!&la" Kel!aran

A T a'a! A TF 2 T

, ,

A'a! A AF 2 A

$?7 Kos S!' / Marg%nal Per!ba"an !&la" Kos

Per!ba"an !&la" Kel!aran

M T a'a! M T

, ,

$17 !&la" Gas%l Garga X K!an'%'% Kel!aran

TR P C ,

$$7 Gas%l P!ra'a !&la" Gas%l AR TR

!&la" Kel!aran ,

$.7 Gas%l S!' Per!ba"an!&la" Gas%l

Per!ba"an !&la" Kel!aran

MR TR P X , P

, ,

$4 *ala& pasaran

persa%ngan se&p!rna

Garga Gas%l P!ra'a Gas%l S!'

P AR MR



$5 Kel!aran F%H%al P!ra'a !&la" Kel!aran F%H%al

!&la" Fa'or Pengel!aran

APP TPP

TF

$: Kel!aran F%H%al S!' Per!ba"an !&la" Kel!aran F%H%al

Per!ba"an !&la" Fa'or Pengel!aran

MPP TPP TPP1 - TPP o

TF TF 1 - TF o

$ !&la" Gas%l Kel!aran !&la" Kel!aran F%H%al X Garga Kel!aran F%H%al

TRP TPP X P

$ Kel!aran Gas%l P!ra'a Kel!aran F%H%al P!ra'a X Garga Kel!aran F%H%al

ARP APP X P A'a! ARP TRP

TF

$9 Kel!aran Gas%l S!' Kel!aran F%H%al S!' X Garga Kel!aran

MRP MPP X P A'a!

MRP TRP TRP 1 - TRP o

TF TF 1 - TF o

.? !&la" Kos Fa'or

!&la" Kos 0a'or

;b!r!">

B%langan 0a'or (%&%n'a X Garga 0a'or

TF TF X Pb

b%langan b!r!" X "arga / !pa" b!r!"

,0 X P0



.1 Kos P!ra'a Fa'or !&la" Kos Fa'or

B%langan 0a'or

AF TF

TF.$ Kos S!' Fa'or Per!ba"an !&la" Kos Fa'or

Per!ba"an 0a'or ang (%g!naan

MF TF TF 1 - TF o

TF TF 1 - TF o

*ala& pasaran persa%ngan se&p!rna3

AF MF P

.. !&la" e!n'!ngan0%r&a

Un'!ng TRP + TF

.4 Upa" Benar 1?? X Upa" ang

In(es Garga Ta"!n Se&asa

Upa" ang !pa" no&%nal

.5 Sea K!as% !&la" Gas%l - !&la" Kos Ber!ba"

.: Ka(ar B!nga !&la" Kos Me&%n6a& ;!&la" B!nga> X 1??

!&la" Mo(al. Ka(ar B!nga Benar Ka(ar B!nga No&%nal - Ka(ar In0las%

. Un'!ng Peraa!nan !&la" Gas%l - !&la" Kos

.9 Un'!ng Eono&% !&la" Gas%l - ;Kos Espl%s%' 2 Kos I&pl%s%'>

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