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Telaga Biru Training & Consultancy

Entiti Syarikat

Fazrul Ismail

PPK - KEUSAHAWANAN

../../../../../../Pengenalan Diri Fazrul.pptx




Pautan Muat Turun Nota

• http://akademisinergi.com/kk/

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Reviu

• Sudah nampak kepentingan usahawan?

• Sudah ada idea?

• Sudah nampak elemen dalam bisnes?

• Bagaimana teknik membuat keputusan?


Membuat Keputusan

DALAMAN - DIRI LUARAN - NIAGA


Widen Your Frame

• One of the main pitfalls in decision making is having a narrow frame. That means you don’t consider possible alternatives that might be better options.

• Consider Opportunity Costs. Imagine that you are considering buying a new phone you want. If you just consider buying the phone or not buying the phone, you are more likely to buy the phone, regardless of whether it is the best decision. If you consider whether to buy the phone or keep the money for something else, you are more likely to keep your money. Just thinking about what else you could do with the money makes a significant difference in your choice.

• Use Vanishing Options. Another way to widen your frame is to tell yourself that you cannot choose any of the options you are considering. You have to think of other alternatives. When you imagine that you cannot have an option, you free your mind to shift your focus to new ideas and strategies.

• Multitrack. Multitracking means approaching or working on a problem in different ways, thinking “AND not OR.” If you consider different options at the same time you are less likely to become personally invested in a particular choice. Listening to feedback on multiple options is easier than for a single option, probably because you are less likely to see the feedback as personal. So if you are considering artwork for your home, bring home three or four paintings or other types of art that you really like. Consider how each looks in the room and get feedback from more than one person.

• Find Someone Who’s Solved Your Problem. One way to generate new options is to find someone who has already solved your problem. For example, how have other people over 40 successfully changed careers?


Reality Test Your Assumptions

• We tend to give more weight to information that is consistent with our beliefs about what is the right decision and discount information that contradicts the choice we favor. Because of this bias, we may misjudge the data even when we think we are being objective. The following ideas can help overcome that cognitive prejudice.

• Consider the Opposite. Pay special attention to people who don’t agree with the option you are considering. Listen carefully to their logic. If you are only listening to people who agree, you may be missing important information.

• Consider what would have to be true for each of your options to be the best choice. This challenges you to imagine conditions in which you would choose a different option than you are considering.

• Ask for specific information. For example, if you are interviewing for a job and value time with your family, don’t ask if the firm values work-life balance. Ask for more specific information such as how many times last week the interviewer had dinner with his family before 8:00 pm.

• Assume positive intent. Instead of thinking that others are disrespectful of your time or don’t care about your friendship, assume that they do. Then consider what their behavior might mean instead of what you assumed it meant.

• Consider the “outside” view in addition to the “inside” view. The inside view draws from your own impressions and assessments of the situation you are in. The outside view ignores the specific details of the situation and instead considers the bigger picture such as how other people have experienced a certain solution to that situation. For example you might be sold on a certain weight loss program. That would be the inside view. The outside view would be the opinion of other people who have tried that plan.

• Ooch. Predicting the future is impossible. When you make a decision, you may want to take small steps whenever possible and assess the results of each step. You might also run small experiements to test your ideas. For example, before launching a website to sell cars, try selling one or two cars on the internet to see the results.


Attain distance Before Deciding

• Attaining distance means that you don’t make decisions based on short-term emotion. One way to do this is to consider the 10/10/10 rule. Ask yourself how you think you will feel about this decision in 10 minutes, 10 months, and 10 years. You can also ask yourself what you would tell your best friend to do in this situation.

• Honor your core priorities by paying attention to long-term emotional values, goals and aspirations. By identifying your core priorities you make it easier to resolve present and future dilemmas.


Prepare to Be Wrong

• When you’ve made a decision, anticipate and prepare for both adversity and success. Add in extra time for unforeseen difficulties. Anticipate problems and identify ways of coping. Set a tripwire. A famous rock band once put a clause in their contract asking for M & Ms in their dressing room, but with all the brown ones removed. If they found brown M & Ms, they knew their contract hadn’t been read and they needed to triple check the complex set up they needed for their performance. Their tripwire was brown M & Ms.


Diskusi WRAP

• Saya ingin melaksanakan bisnes. Dalam masayang sama, saya tidak mahu berhenti kerja. Bagaimana ya?


ENTITI PERNIAGAAN

www.ssm.com.my


ROB : Register Of Business1.Pemilikan Tunggal

2.Perkongsian

3.Perkongsian Liability Terhad

ROC : Register Of Company4.Syarikat Sendirian Berhad

5.Syarikat Awam Berhad

i. Syarikat Berhad oleh Sahamii. Syarikat Berhad oleh Jaminan

iii. Syarikat Induk dan Anak Syarikat (subsidiari)

6.Perbadanan Awam (Badan Berkanun)

7.Syarikat Pemilikan Asing

JENIS-JENIS ENTITI PERNIAGAAN


KLASIFIKASI SYARIKAT(JENIS-JENIS ENTITI PERNIAGAAN)

• Berdasarkan kepda beberapa faktor:

i. Status Awam

ii. Tanggungan Ahli terhadap hutangsyarikat

iii. Tempat syarikat diperbadankan

iv. Hubungan syarikat dengan syarikatyang lain


1.Pemilikan Tunggal (ROB)

2.Perkongsian (ROB)

3.Syarikat Sendirian Berhad (ROC)

3 ENTITI PERNIAGAAN (UTAMA)

Entiti Perniagaan (1) dan (2) dikenali sebagaiPertubuhan yang tidak diPerbadankan(unincorporated association).


Pemilik Tunggal

• Bentuk perniagaan ini ditakrifkan sebagaiperniagaan yang dimiliki oleh seorang individusahaja di mana dia bertanggungjawab kepadapengurusan perniagaannya serta tanggunganyang tidak terhad.


Kelebihan Pemilik Tunggal

• Senang di tubuhkan

• Senang di urus (biasanya pemilik danboss orang yang sama)

• Semua untung milik pemilik

• Tidak perlu mendedahkan hal ehwalperniagaan kepada awam

• Sedikit masalah perundangan


Kelemahan Pemilik Tunggal

• Pemilik bertanggungjawab sepenuhnya keatas hutang perniagaan.

• Tanggungan tidak terhad.Jika perniagaanbankrup, harta pemilik boleh di ambil untuklangsaikan hutang.

• Sumber yang terhad

• Banyak tanggungjawab.


Perkongsian

• Ditakrifkan sebagai perniagaan di manabeberapa orang individu bersetujumenjalankan perniagaan untukmendapatkan keuntungan.

• Jumlah maksimum rakan kongsi ialah 20 orang. 50 orang bagi firma professional.

• Dikawal di bawah Akta Perkongsian 1961.


Kebaikan Perkongsian

• Senang di tubuhkan

• Tidak perlu mendedahkan hal ehwal perniagaan kepada awam

• Modal boleh ditingkatkan melalui kemasukan rakan kongsi baru

• Risiko dapat dikurangkan (risiko dikongsi)

• Pengurusan lebih berkualiti (Kombinasi kemahiran semua rakan kongsi).


KeLemahan Perkongsian

• Setiap rakan kongsi bertanggongjawab kepadahutang oleh mana-mana rakan kongsi.

• Risiko pergaduhan.• Kematian rakan kongsi atau bankrup menyebabkan

perkongsian mesti dibuabarkan melainkan terdapatperjanjian mengenainya.

• A public limited company is any company other than a private limited company whose shares may be offered to public for subscription. Such shares are freely transferable and are traded on the stocks exchange.


Perjanjian Perkongsian

• Tidak diwajibkan di bawah AktaPerkongsian, 1961.

• Bagaimanapun amat digalakan dibuatperjanjian bagi mengelak pertelingkahan.

• Perjanjian perkongsian mengatasi AktaPerkongsian

• Perjanjian mesti merangkumi:– Nama berdaftar bisnes– Tempoh perkongsian– Ahli pengurusan– Akaun perniagaan dan sumbangan

modal– Aset perniagaan


Pemakaian Akta Perkongsian 1961

• Akta Perkongsian terpakai jika tiada perjanjiandibuat.

• Peruntukan utama akta adalah seperti berikut:– Untung & Rugi dibahagi sama rata.– Tiada faedah dikenakan keatas sumbangan

modal.– Semua rakan kongsi berhak mengambil bahagian

dalam pengurusan.– Rakan kongsi tidak berhak mendapat gaji.– Kemasukan rakan kongsi baru mestilah

dipersetujui oleh semua rakan kongsi.– Pengunduran mestilah dipersetujui oleh semua

rakan kongsi.


Syarikat

• Syarikat ialah satu entiti perniagaan yang diperbadankan di bawah Akta Syarikat 1965. Pemilikdan syarikat adalah dua entiti yang berbeza.

• 3 jenis syarikat di bawah Akta:

– Syarikat Berhad melalui saham

– Syarikat Berhad melalui jaminan (not covered)

– Tidak Terhad (not covered)


Kebaikan syarikat Sdn Bhd

• Pemegang saham tidak menanggung hutang syarikat yang melebihi jumlah pegangan sahamnya.

• Hak pemegang saham dilindungi oleh undang-undang.

• Lebih mudah mendapat pinjaman daripada institusi kewangan.

• Jangka hayat perniagaan lebih panjang dan tidak tertakluk kepada kematian atau kebankrapan rakan kongsi.


KeLemahan Syarikat Sdn Bhd

• TSyarikat terpaksa mematuhi peruntukan dibawah AktaSyarikat.

• Orang awam boleh mendapatkan maklumat mengenai halehwal syarikat.

• Syarikat mesti melantik juruaudit luar untuk mengesahkanpenyata kewangan syarikat.

• Saham-sahamnya tidak boleh diniagakan di bursa saham.

• Kos penubuhan syarikat yang tinggi.

• Cukai korporat dikenakan dan ditentukan oleh kerajaan.


Perbincangan & Pembentangan


Pilih Jenis Basikal Yang SesuaiBelajar Cara Menunggang Dengan BetulPastikan Arah & DistinasiPatuhi Peraturan PerlumbaanIkuti Jejak Langkah Usahawan Sukses

5’D : Determination > Drive > Discipline > Dedication > Duplication

Mengurus Sebuah Perniagaanseperti

Menunggang Sebuah Basikal

RUMUSAN


BERJAYA< BERTAHAN >KECICIRAN

30

Every Person Fails, Champions Simply Get Up & Begin Again


Session Objectives

• At the end of the session, students should be able to:

– Understand the various forms of business organizations in Malaysia

– Understand the various support systems available for Malaysian businesses


Syarikat berhad dengan saham

• Tanggungan ahli dalam syarikat terhad kepada jumlah modal yang disumbangkan. Ia tidak melibatkan harta persendirian ahli.

• 2 jenis syarikat terhad kepada saham iaitu:

– Syarikat awam (Berhad)

– Syarikat sendirian berhad


Syarikat Awam (Berhad)

• Sayarikat awam ialah syarikat selain daripada sendirian berhad yang mana saham-sahamnua boleh ditawarkan kepada orang awam untuk dilanggan. Saham-saham tersebut bebas di niagakan dan boleh ditukarkan milik. Ia di niagakan di bursa saham.


Syarikat Sendirian Berhad

• Syarikat Sdn Bhd di daftarkan di bawah Akta Syarikat 1965, dimana saham-sahamnya tidak bebas di pindah milik dan tidak di niagakan di bursa saham.


Pendaftaran Perniagaan

• Mesti di daftar sepertimana akta Pendaftaran Perniagaan 1956 di bawah Pendaftar Perniagaan.

• Pendaftar perniagaan adalah dibawah pengawasan Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia (SSM).


Prosedur Pendaftaran

• Sebelum mendaftar, carian nama dibuat bagi mengelak persamaan dgn firma lain.

• Jika diluluskan, langkah berikut perlu dibuat:• Lengkapkan form “A” . Untuk Perkongsian semua rakan

kongsi mesti mengisi borang P.N.A. – 1A.

• Disahkan oleh Pesuruhjaya Sumpah.

• Hantar borang bersama bayaran dan salinan NRIC.


Prosedur Pendaftaran

• Lain-lain borang:• Form “D” – Sijil Pendaftaran. Mesti di pamerkan dan

diperbaharui setiap tahun.

• Form “B” – perubahan maklumat dalam form “A”.

• Form “C” – pembubaran perniagaan.


Aspek Perundangan

• Lesen-lesen

– Lesen perniagaan

– Lesen pemborangan

– Lesen pengilangan

– Lesen pengilangan makanan

– Lesen cukai jualan

– Lesen Excise


Aspek Perundangan

• Permits

– Pekerja asing

– Pengangkutan

– Senjata api


Aspek Perundangan

• Lain-lain prosedur:– Alam sekitar

– Hak perniagaan

• Trademark

• Paten

• Hakcipta

– Standard and kuality

– Akta Sewabeli

– OSHA, EPF dan SOCSO

– Kemudahan infrastruktur

– Peraturan Import dan eksport


Sistem Sokongan


Sistem Sokongan Perniagaan

USAHAWAN

TeknikalPemasaran

Kewangan

Maklumat

Perniagaan

PenyelidikanPengembangan

Khidmat

Nasihat

Infrastruktur

Bengkel

Latihan &

Seminar


Agensi Sokongan Perniagaan

• Bantuan Teknikal– SIRIM. MARA, MARDI, RRI, FRIM dll.

• Bantuan Pemasaran– MATRADE, FAMA, GUTHRIE dll.

• Infrastruktur– MARA, SEDC, SIRIM, UDA, MIEL, SME Bank dll.

• Maklumat perniagaan– MATRADE, MARDI, SIRIM, KPUn, MIDA dll.



• Penyelidikan dan pembangunan

– MARDI, SIRIM, FRIM, IPTA, IPTS dll.

• Bantuan Kewangan

– Commercial banks (cth. Maybank)

– Government agencies (cth. SME Bank, KPUn, MARA)

– Modal Teroka (cth. PUNB, PNS)



• Khidmat Nasihat

– MEDEC, MARA, KPUn, SEDC, SME Bank dll.

• Bengkel Latihan & Seminar

– MEDEC, SME Bank, MARA, NPB, SEDC, KPUn dll.

• Pengembangan

– MEDEC, SIRIM, MARA, MARDI, LKIM, SME Bank dll.

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