BAB A PENGENALAN PERALATAN RANGKAIAN

BAB A – 1 Pengenalan kepada pemasangan rangkaian

1.1 Senarai dan kenalpasti jenis-jenis kabel rangkaian

BAB A : 2 PENGENALAN KABEL RANGKAIAN

PERBEZAAN ANTARA KABEL KUPRUM DENGAN GENTIAN OPTIK

BAB A : 3 PENGENALAN PERALATAN DAN PIAWAIAN

3.1 PERALATAN-PERALATAN DALAM PENDAWAIAN KABEL KUPRUM

1. Punchdown tool2. RJ45 crimping tool3. Coaxial crimping tool4. Pin crimping tool5. Coaxial cable & UTP cable stripper

3.2 KEPERLUAN PIAWAIAN DALAM PENDAWAIAN RANGKAIAN

8

Alphabet Soup?Alphabet Soup?

4

The Need For StandardsThe Need For Standards

To Increase The Predictability of:To Increase The Predictability of:–– OperationOperation

–– ReliabilityReliability

–– QualityQuality

–– SafetySafety

To Avoid Problems Associated with SoleTo Avoid Problems Associated with Sole--Source ProcurementSource Procurement

7

Sources of Networking Sources of Networking StandardsStandards

National and International Organizations National and International Organizations and Associationsand Associations

Communication and Computer Communication and Computer ManufacturersManufacturers

Government AgenciesGovernment Agencies

9

Organizations and Organizations and AssociationsAssociations

ANSI ANSI -- American National Standards American National Standards InstituteInstitute

EIA EIA -- Electronic Industries AssociationElectronic Industries Association

IEEE IEEE -- Institute of Electrical and Electronic Institute of Electrical and Electronic EngineersEngineers

ISO ISO -- International Standards OrganizationInternational Standards Organization

TIA TIA -- Telecommunications Industry Telecommunications Industry AssociationAssociation

10

Safety StandardsSafety Standards

OSHA OSHA -- Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Safety and Health ActAct

NEC NEC -- National Electrical CodeNational Electrical Code

UL UL -- Underwriters LaboratoriesUnderwriters Laboratories

11

Government AgenciesGovernment Agencies

Department of DefenseDepartment of Defense–– Military Specifications (Milspecs)Military Specifications (Milspecs)

Department of CommerceDepartment of Commerce–– US National Institute of Standards & US National Institute of Standards &

TechnologyTechnology

Department of EnergyDepartment of Energy

NASANASA

6

Hierarchy of Network StandardsHierarchy of Network Standards

TopologyTopology–– SoftwareSoftware

»» Network communications programsNetwork communications programs

»» Communications protocolsCommunications protocols

–– HardwareHardware»» Network interface cardsNetwork interface cards

»» ConnectorsConnectors

»» CablesCables

»» Network components (Hubs, Routers, Servers, etc)Network components (Hubs, Routers, Servers, etc)

13

Standards Applicable to NetworksStandards Applicable to Networks

Software

Networking Standards

Network Operating SystemsCommunication Protocols

Hardware

Passive ComponentsActive Components

22

Active Network ComponentsActive Network Components

Network Interface Cards (NICs)Network Interface Cards (NICs)

Hubs/RepeatersHubs/Repeaters

ServersServers

Bridges/RoutersBridges/Routers

SwitchesSwitches

14

Basic Network Hardware Basic Network Hardware StandardsStandards

34

Cable

Connectors

NIC Cards

CableNetworkComponents

24

Standardized Network SoftwareStandardized Network Software

ProtocolsProtocols

Network Operating SystemsNetwork Operating Systems

25

Standard Network ProtocolsStandard Network Protocols

TCP/IPTCP/IP

IPX/SPXIPX/SPX

NetBIOS/NetBEUINetBIOS/NetBEUI

26

Popular Network Operating Popular Network Operating SystemsSystems

Novel NetWareNovel NetWare

Artisoft LANtasticArtisoft LANtastic

Banyan VINESBanyan VINES

Microsoft NT, Windows 95/97Microsoft NT, Windows 95/97

16

IBM Cable Plan TypesIBM Cable Plan Types Type 1 Type 1 -- Two STP, Max Data Rate 100 MbTwo STP, Max Data Rate 100 Mb

Type 2 Type 2 -- Two UTP, Two STP, Voice/DataTwo UTP, Two STP, Voice/Data

Type 3 Type 3 -- Four UTP, Voice/Data <4 MbFour UTP, Voice/Data <4 Mb

Type 4 Type 4 -- No Current SpecificationNo Current Specification

Type 5 Type 5 -- Two FiberTwo Fiber--Optic StrandsOptic Strands

Type 6 Type 6 -- Shielded Cable Shielded Cable -- two twisted pairstwo twisted pairs

Type 7 Type 7 -- No Published SpecificationsNo Published Specifications

Type 8 Type 8 -- “Under“Under--thethe--Carpet” STPCarpet” STP

Type 9 Type 9 -- Plenum STPPlenum STP

17

Performance of Performance of EIA/TIA 568 Cable CategoriesEIA/TIA 568 Cable Categories

Category 1 Category 1 -- Not rated for performanceNot rated for performance

Category 2 Category 2 -- 1 MHz1 MHz

Category 3 Category 3 -- 16 MHz16 MHz

Category 4 Category 4 -- 20 MHz20 MHz

Category 5 Category 5 -- 100 MHz100 MHz

Category 5e Category 5e -- 100 MHz100 MHz

ProposedProposed CatagoryCatagory 6 6 -- 250 MHz250 MHz

ProposedProposed CatagoryCatagory 7 7 -- 600 MHz600 MHz

18

NEC/UL 444 Cable LevelsNEC/UL 444 Cable Levels

All levels specified to meet NEC/UL 444 All levels specified to meet NEC/UL 444 safety requirements for flame and smoke. safety requirements for flame and smoke.

Performance ratings, by level, are:Performance ratings, by level, are:–– Level I Level I -- Not performance ratedNot performance rated

–– Level II Level II -- EIA Cat 2 & IBM Type 3EIA Cat 2 & IBM Type 3

–– Level III Level III -- EIA Cat 3EIA Cat 3

–– Level IV Level IV -- EIA Cat 4EIA Cat 4

–– Level V Level V -- EIA Cat 5EIA Cat 5

19

Cable Descriptions Include:Cable Descriptions Include:

Electrical CharacteristicsElectrical Characteristics

Physical CharacteristicsPhysical Characteristics

Safety CharacteristicsSafety Characteristics

20

Cable Electrical SpecificationsCable Electrical Specifications

DC ResistanceDC Resistance

Nominal ImpedanceNominal Impedance

Nominal CapacitanceNominal Capacitance

Maximum AttenuationMaximum Attenuation

21

Copper Cable Copper Cable Physical SpecificationsPhysical Specifications

Cable DiameterCable Diameter

Conductor Wire Size and TypeConductor Wire Size and Type

Shield Material and ResistanceShield Material and Resistance

Insulation or Dielectric MaterialInsulation or Dielectric Material

Safety CharacteristicsSafety Characteristics