Section ABahagian A[60 marks][60 markah]Answer all questions in this section.Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini.1.A student constructs a simple automatic light circuit by using a transistor and a LDR as shown in Diagram below. he lamp L is automatically switched on at night and switched o!! in the daytime.Seorang pelajar membina suatu litar lampu automatik dengan menggunakan suatu transistor dan satu ""#(Perintang-peka-cahaya) seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah di bawah. Lampu L akan dihidupkan secara automatik pada waktu malam dan dimatikan pada waktu siang.D$A%RA& ' RJ! (a)*ame the type o! transistor used !or ."amakan jenis transistor yang digunakan untuk .+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[1 mar,'1 markah] (b)-tate the !unction o! resistor R."yatakan #ungsi perintang R.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[1 mar,'1 markah] (c)he resistance o! the light.dependent.resistor (LDR) can /ary !rom 00 1 to 2 000 13 depending on the intensity o! light !alling on the LDR.Perintang-peka-cahaya (""#) mempunyai rintangan yang berubah daripada 00 ke 20003 bergantung kepadakeamatan cahaya yang jatuh padanya.(i) Describe the relationship between the resistance o! the LDR and the intensity o! light !alling on it.!uraikan hubungan antara rintangan bagi ""# dengan keamatan cahaya yang jatuh padanya.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[4 mar,s'4 markah] (ii)5hen the LDR is in the dar,3 the lamp3 L3 glows brightly.67plain brie!ly why this happens.pabila ""# berada dalam keadaan gelap% lampu L akan menyala dengan terang.&erangkan secara ringkas mengapa kejadian ini berlaku.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[2 mar,s'2 markah] (d)D$A%RA& 'RJ! Diagram abo/e shows a logic gate3 %.Rajah di atas menunjukkan suatu get logik% %.(i) *ame logic gate %."amakan get logik itu.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[1 mar,'1 markah] (ii)#omplete the truth table !or logic gate %.Lengkapkan jadual kebenaran bagi get logik %. $! logic gate % is connected across point A and point 8 in Diagram abo/e 3 describe brie!ly any change to the operation o! the lamp3 L.Jika get logik % disambungkan merentasi titik A dan titik 8 dalam Rajah di atas% perihalkan secara ringkas sebarang perubahan kepada operasi lampu L.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[4 mar,s'4 markah] 4.Diagram below shows a simple circuit made up o! a battery3 switch3 bulb3 ammeter3 /oltmeter and component 9.Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu litar ringkas yang terdiri daripada bateri% suis% mentol% ammeter% 'oltmeter dan komponen (.Diagram ' Rajah (a)5hen the switch is closed3 what will happen to the bulb i! component 9 ispabila suis ditutup% apakah yang akan terjadi kepada mentol itu jika komponen ( ialah(i)a capacitor'kapasitor:++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[4 mar,s'4 markah] (ii) a diode'diod:++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[4 mar,s'4 markah] (iii)a similar bulb'mentol yang serupa:++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[4 mar,s'4 markah] (b)$! component 9 is a rheostat3Sekiranya komponen ( ialah reostat3(i) what relationship can be in/estigated with this arrangement o! apparatus:apakah hubungan yang boleh dikaji dengan susunan radas ini:++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[1 mar,'1 markah] (ii) e7plain the relationship you ha/e stated in (b)(i).terangkan hubungan yang anda nyatakan di (b)(i).++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[4 mar,s'4 markah] (iii)$! the bulb is replaced with a semiconductor3 what will be the relationship in (b)(i): 67plain your answer.Sekiranya mentol itu digantikan dengan semikonduktor% apakah yang akan terjadi kepadahubungan di (b)(i): &erangkan jawapan anda.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[2 mar,s'2 markah] 2.Diagram A shows de!lection tube.Rajah A menunjukkan satu tiub pemesongan.Diagram ' Rajah (a)67plain the process that occurs when the 6 ; supply is switched on.!uraikan proses yang berlaku apabila bekalan 6 ; dihidupkan.[4 mar,s'markah] (b). 1 is switched on while 6.>. 4 is switched o!!. [Diagram 8];L 1 dihidupkan manakala ;L 4 dimatikan [Rajah 8]. (ii) 6.>. 1 and 6.>. 4 are switched on. [Diagram #];L 1 dan ;L 4 dihidupkan [Rajah #] (iii)6.>. 1 and 6.>. 4 are switched on with terminal 6.>. 4 in/erted. [Diagram D];L 1 dan ;L 4 dihidupkan dengan ;L 4 disongsangkan terminal. [Rajah D ]. (i/)6.>. 1 is switched on while 6.>. 4 is switched o!! and the north pole o! the magnet is brought nearthe ? plate. [Diagram 6];L 1 dihidupkan manakala ;L 4 dimatikan dan kutub utara magnet dibawa berdekatan dengan plat ?. [Rajah 6].Diagram 8'Rajah 8Diagram #'Rajah # Diagram D'Rajah DDiagram6'Rajah 6[@ mar,s'markah](c)-tate two characteristics o! the cathode rays !ormed."yatakan dua ciri sinar katod yang dihasilkan.[4 mar,s'markah]@. he signals in Diagram A are applied to inputs A and 8 o! the logic gate in Diagram 8.(*ote= 0 ; denotes a high state o! /oltage and 0 ; denotes a low state o! /oltage.)+syarat-isyarat dalam Rajah A diaplikasikan kepada input A dan 8 bagi gek logik dalam Rajah 8.(Perhatian* 0 ; menandakan satu keadaan 'oltan tinggi dan 0 ; menandakan satu keadaan'oltan rendah.)Diagram A'Rajah A Diagram 8'Rajah 8Diagram 8'Rajah 8 (a) (i) *ame the gate shown in Diagram 8."amakan get yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 8.[1 mar,'markah] (ii) Draw the wa/e!orm o! the output # o! the logic gate.Lukiskan bentuk gelombang bagi output # bagi get logik itu.[4 mar,s'markah] (b) 8o7 9 in Diagram # represents an un,nown logic gate.he /ariations o! input /oltages and the corresponding output /oltage are shown in Diagram D.,otak 9 dalam Rajah # mewakili satu get logik yang tidak diketahui. Perubahan 'oltan input dan 'oltan output yang sepadan ditunjukkan dalam Rajah D.Diagram #'Rajah #Diagram D'Rajah D (i) 5hat is 9:pakah 9:[1 mar,'markah](ii) #onstruct a truth table !or 9.-inakan jadual kebenaran bagi 9.[4 mar,s'markah]0.D$A%RA&'RAAA> Diagram abo/e shows a simple circuit made up o! a battery3 switch3 bulb3 ammeter3 /oltmeter and component 9.Rajah di atas menunjukkan satu litar ringkas yang terdiri daripada bateri% suis% mentol% ammeter% 'oltmeter dan komponen (.(a)5hen the switch is closed3 what will happen to the bulb i! component 9 ispabila suis ditutup% apakah yang akan terjadi kepada mentol itu jika komponen ( ialah(i)a capacitor'kapasitor.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[4 marks'4 mar,ah] (ii)a diode'diod :$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[4 mark'4 mar,ah] (iii) a similar bulb'mentol yang serupa :$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[4 mark'4 mar,ah] (b)$! component 9 is a rheostat3Sekiranya komponen ( ialah reostat%(i) what relationship can be in/estigated with this arrangement o! apparatus:apakah hubungan yang boleh dikaji dengan susunan radas ini.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[1 mark'1 mar,ah] (ii) e7plain the relationship you ha/e stated in (b)(i).terangkan hubungan yang anda nyatakan di (b)(i).$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[4 marks'4 mar,ah] (iii)$! the bulb is replaced with a semiconductor3 what will be the relationship in (b)(i): 67plain your answer.Sekiranya mentol itu digantikan dengan semikonduktor% apakah yang akan terjadi kepadahubungan di (b)(i). &erangkan jawapan anda.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[2 marks'2 mar,ah] 6.Diagram A shows a car detector placed in !ront o! the tra!!ic lights and Diagram 8 shows the tra!!ic light system using the !lip.!lop circuit.Rajahmenunjukkan pengesan kereta yang diletakkan di depan lampu isyarat dan Rajah - menunjukkan sistem lampu isyarat yang menggunakan litar #lip-#lop.D$A%RA& A ' RJ! D$A%RA& 8 ' RJ! - (a)67plain how the system in Diagram A !unctions.&erangkan bagaimana sistem dalam Rajahber#ungsi.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[4 mar,s'4 markah] (b)67plain one simple acti/ity in the laboratory that uses the same analoque system shown in Diagram A.&erangkan satu akti'iti ringkas di makmal yang menggunakan sistem anologi sama yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah .+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[4 mar,s'4 markah] (c)(i) *ame logic gate 9."amakan get logik (.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[1 mar,'1 markah] (ii)*ame circuit B."amakan litar /.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[1 mar,'1 markah] (d)67plain how the system in Diagram 8 !unctions.&erangkan bagaimana sistem dalam Rajah - ber#ungsi.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[4 mar,s'4 markah] C.A student constructs a simple automatic light circuit using a transistor and a LDR as shown in Diagram A. he lamp L is automatically switched on at night and switched o!! in the daytime.Seorang pelajar membina suatu litar lampu automatik dengan menggunakan suatu transistor dan satu ""#(Perintang-peka-cahaya) seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah . Lampu L akan dihidupkan secara automatik pada waktu malam dan dimatikan pada waktu siang.Diagram A'Rajah (a)*ame the type o! transistor used !or ."amakan jenis transistor yang digunakan untuk &.+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[1 mar,'1 markah](b)-tate the !unction o! resistor R."yatakan #ungsi perintang R.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[1 mar,'1 markah](c)he resistance o! the light.dependent.resistor (LDR) can /ary !rom 00 D to 2 000 D3 depending on the intensity o! light !alling on the LDR.Perintang-peka-cahaya (""#) mempunyai rintangan yang berubah daripada 00 ke 2000% bergantung kepada keamatan cahaya yang jatuh padanya.(i) Describe the relationship between the resistance o! the LDR and the intensity o! light !alling on it.!uraikan hubungan antara rintangan bagi ""# dengan keamatan cahaya yang jatuh padanya.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[4 mar,s'4 markah](ii)5hen the LDR is in the dar,3 the lamp3 L3 glows brightly.67plain brie!ly why this happens.pabila ""# berada dalam keadaan gelap% lampu L akan menyala dengan terang.&erangkan secara ringkas mengapa kejadian ini berlaku.++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[2 mar,s'2 markah](d)Diagram 8'RaEah 8Diagram 8 shows a logic gate3 %.Rajah - menunjukkan suatu get logik% 0.(i) *ame the logic gate %."amakan get logik itu.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[1 mar,'1 markah](ii)#omplete the truth table !or the logic gate3 %.Lengkapkan jadual kebenaran bagi get logik 0. $! the logic gate3 %3 is connected across point A and point 8 in Diagram 83 describe brie!ly any change to the operation o! the lamp3 L.Jika get logik 0 disambungkan merentasi titikdan titik - dalam Rajah -% perihalkan secara ringkas sebarang perubahan kepada operasi lampu L.$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$[4 mar,s'4 markah]F.D$A%RA& ' RJ! Diagram abo/e shows the arrangement o! !our diodes in a bridge recti!ier !or a step.down trans!ormer used!or !ull.wa/e recti!ication.Rajah di atas menunjukkan susunan empat diod dalam bentuk tetimbang bagi suatu trans#ormer injak turun yang digunakan untuk rekti#i kasi gelombang penuh.(a)5hy is the circuit not connected directly to the 4@0 ; a.c. power supply:1engapakah litar itu tidak boleh disambung terus ke bekalan elektrik 4@0 ; a.u.:++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[1 mar,'1 markah] (b)5hich o! the !our diodes shown in the circuit is connected in the re/erse direction:ntara empat diod yang ditunjukkan dalam litar% manakah yang disambung terbalik:++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[1 mar,'1 markah] (c)$! the mista,e in the connection in (b) is corrected3 s,etch the shape o! the trace obser/ed on the#R1 screen when the time.base is on.Jika kesilapan penyambungan dalam (b) dibetulkan% lakarkan bentuk surih yang diperhatikan pada skrin 1-Gapabila dasar masa dihidupkan.[1 mar,'1 markah] (d)(i) $! a student connects a capacitor in parallel across a resistor R3 s,etch the shape o! the trace obtained.Jika seorang pelajar menyambungkan satu kapasitor secara selari dengan perintang R3 lakarkan bentuk surih yang diperoleh.[1 mar,'1 markah] (ii)5hat is the !unction o! the capacitor:pakah #ungsi kapasitor itu:++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++[1 mar,'1 markah] (e)-,etch the shape o! the trace obser/ed on the #R1 screen i! diode D2 mal!unctions.Jika diod D2 telah rosak% lakarkan bentuk surih yang diperhatikan pada skrin 1-G.[1 mar,'1 markah]Section BBahagian B[40 marks][40 markah]Answer any one question !rom this section.Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.H.-emiconductors are raw materials that are /ery important in the electronic industry. able A shows thecrystal structure and the /alue o! the resisti/ity be!ore doping and a!ter doping o! the n.type semiconductor.Semikonduktor merupakan bahan mentah yang sangat penting dalam industri elektronik. Jadual A menunjukkan struktur hablur dan nilai kerintangan sebelum pendopan dan selepas pendopan bagi semikonduktor jenis n.able A'Jadual A able 8 shows the crystal structure and the /alue o! the resisti/ity be!ore and a!ter doping o! the p.typesemiconductor.Jadual 8 menunjukkan struktur hablur dan nilai kerintangan sebelum pendopan dan selepas pendopan bagisemikonduktor jenis p.able 8 ' Jadual 8 (a) (i) 5hat is the meaning o! doping:pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pendopan:[1 mar,'markah](ii) Ising only the in!ormation !rom ables A and 83 compare the n.type semiconductor andthe p.type semiconductor. hen state the relationship between the type o! impurity atom and the charge carrier.1enggunakan hanya maklumat dalam Jadual A dan 83 bandingkan semikonduktor jenisn dan semikonduktor jenis p. Seterusnya nyatakan hubungan antara jenis atom bendasing dengan pembawa cas.[0 mar,s'markah] (b) he n.type semiconductor and p.type semiconductor can be combined to !orm a diode semiconductor.his diode only !unctions when the potential di!!erence which is supplied e7ceeds the crossing /oltage.67plain this process.Semikonduktor jenis n dan semikonduktor jenis p boleh dicantumkan untuk menghasilkan diod semikonduktor. 2iod ini hanya ber#ungsi apabila be3a keupayaan yang dibekalkan melebihi 'oltan simpang. !uraikan proses ini.[@ mar,s'markah] (c) Diodes are mostly used !or protecting electrical appliances which can possibly by spoilt dueto mista,es made when connecting the terminals o! the battery. his is because a diode allows current to !low in one direction only.2iod banyak digunakan untuk melindungi peralatan elektrik yang mungkin rosak kerana kesilapan dalam penyambungan terminal bateri. !al ini disebabkan diod hanya membenarkan arus mengalir dalam satu arah sahaja.DiagramRajah 8y using your ,nowledge about semiconductor diodes and Diagram abo/e3 e7plain1enggunakan pengetahuan anda tentang diod semikonduktor dan Rajah di atas% terangkan(i) how the diode !unctions to protect an electrical appliance that might be spoilt due to mista,es made when connecting the terminals o! a battery.bagaimana diod bertindak untuk melindungi peralatan elektrik yang mungkin rosak kerana kesilapan dalam penyambungan terminal bateri.[4 mar,s'markah] (ii) changing o! alternating current to direct current. Bou may use a diagram to e7plain the answer.penukaran arus ulang-alik kepada arus terus. nda boleh menggunakan gambar rajah untuk menjelaskan jawapan.[F mar,s'markah]10.-emiconductors are raw materials that are /ery important in the electronic industry. able A shows the crystal structure and the /alue o! the resisti/ity be!ore doping and a!ter doping o! the n.type semiconductor.Semikonduktor merupakan bahan mentah yang sangat penting dalam industri elektronik. Jadual A menunjukkan struktur hablur dan nilai kerintangan sebelum pendopan dan selepas pendopan bagi semikonduktor jenis n.able A'Jadual A able 8 shows the crystal structure and the /alue o! the resisti/ity be!ore and a!ter doping o! the p.type semiconductor.Jadual 8 menunjukkan struktur hablur dan nilai kerintangan sebelum pendopan dan selepas pendopan bagi semikonduktor jenis p.able 8'Jadual 8 (a) (i) 5hat is the meaning o! doping:pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pendopan:[1 mar,'1 markah] (ii) 8y using only the in!ormation !rom ables A and 83 compare the n.type semiconductorand the p.type semiconductor. hen state the relationship between the type o! impurity atom and the charge carrier.1enggunakan hanya maklumat dalam Jadual A dan 83 bandingkan semikonduktor jenis n dan semikonduktor jenis p. Seterusnya nyatakan hubungan antara jenis atom bendasing dengan pembawa cas.[0 mar,s'0 markah] (b) he n.type semiconductor and p.type semiconductor can be combined to !orm a diode semiconductor.his diode only !unctions when the potential di!!erence which is supplied e7ceeds the crossing /oltage. 67plain this process.Semikonduktor jenis n dan semikonduktor jenis p boleh dicantumkan untuk menghasilkan diod semikonduktor. 2iod ini hanya ber#ungsi apabila be3a keupayaan yang dibekalkan melebihi 'oltansimpang. !uraikan proses ini.[@ mar,s'@ markah] (c) Diodes are mostly used !or protecting electrical appliances which can possibly be spoilt due to mista,es made when connecting the terminals o! the battery.his is because a diode allows current to !low in one direction only.2iod banyak digunakan untuk melindungi peralatan elektrik yang mungkin rosak kerana kesilapan dalam penyambungan terminal bateri.!al ini disebabkan diod hanya membenarkan arus mengalir dalam satu arah sahaja.Diagram 'Rajah 8y using your ,nowledge about semiconductor diodes and Diagram abo/e3 e7plain1enggunakan pengetahuan anda tentang diod semikonduktor dan Rajah di atas% terangkan(i) how the diode !unctions to protect an electrical appliance that might be spoilt due to mista,es made when connecting the terminals o! a battery.bagaimana diod bertindak untuk melindungi peralatan elektrik yang mungkin rosak kerana kesilapan dalam penyambungan terminal bateri.[4 mar,s'4 markah] (ii) the changing o! alternating current to direct current. Bou may use a diagram to e7plain your answer.penukaran arus ulang-alik kepada arus terus. nda boleh menggunakan gambar rajahuntukmenjelaskan jawapan.[F mar,s'F markah]Section CBahagian C[40 marks][40 markah]Answer any one question !rom this section.Jawab mana-mana satu soalan daripada bahagian ini.11.As a research engineer in a !actory3 you are as,ed to in/estigate the characteristics o! se/eral substances in order to produce semiconductors with better conducti/ity.Sebagai seorang jurutera di kilang% anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri beberapa bahanuntuk menghasilkan semikonduktor dengan kekonduksian baik.(a)5hat is meant by semiconductors:pakah maksud semikonduktor:[1 mar,'1 markah] (b)*ame two types o! semiconductors. 67plain the di!!erences between these two types o! semiconductors."amakan dua jenis semikonduktor. &erangkan perbe3aan antara dua jenis semikonduktor ini.[0 mar,s'0 markah] (c)able below shows the characteristics o! !i/e substances3 "3 ?3 R3 - and .Jadual di bawah menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi lima bahan "3 ?3 R3 - dan .A8L6 ' J2)L 8ased on able abo/e3-erdasarkan Jadual di atas%(i) e7plain the suitability o! the characteristics o! the substances to be used in the production o! a semiconductor with better conducti/ity.terangkan kesesuaian ciri-ciri bahan untuk digunakan bagi pembuatan semikonduktor dengan kekonduksian baik.[F mar,s'F markah] (ii) determine the most suitable substance to be used and gi/e one reason !or your choice.tentukan bahan yang paling sesuai digunakan dan beri satu sebab bagi pilihan anda.[4 mar,s'4 markah] (d)A high /oltage supply gi/es @ ,; across the anode and the cathode o! a /acuum tube.Satu bekalan 'oltan tinggi memberikan @ ,; merentasi anod dan katod satu tiub 'akum.(i) *ame the process that occurs."amakan proses yang berlaku.[1 mar,'1 markah] (ii) #alculate the /elocity o! the electron when it reaches the anode tube. [he mass o! an electron3m J H.1 K 10L21 ,g3 the charge o! an electron3 e J 1.6 K 10L1H #]!itungkan halaju elektron itu apabila ia sampai ke tiub anod. [Jisim elekron3 m J H.1 K 10L21 ,g3 caselekron%e J 1.6 K 10L1H #][2 mar,s'2 markah] 14.Bou are an engineer studying the characteristics o! the metals gi/en in able below and ha/e to choose a metal which is most suitable to be used as the !ilament !or a cathode ray tube.nda sebagai seorang jurutera yang mengkaji ciri-ciri logam yang diberikan dalam Jadual dibawah kena memilih satu logam yang paling sesuai digunakan sebagai #ilamen bagi sebuah tiub sinar katod.D$A%RA& ' RJ!A8L6 ' J2)L (a) (i) 5hat is meant by thermionic emission:pakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pancaran termion:[1 mar,'1 markah] (ii) Draw a picture to show the primary structure o! the cathode ray tube o! an oscilloscope.Lukiskan satu gambar rajah untuk menunjukkan struktur utama tiub sinar katod suatu osilopkop sinar katod.[@ mar,s'@ markah] (b) 67plain the suitability o! the characteristics o! the metals in able abo/e to be used as the !ilament o! the oscilloscope. hen determine the most suitable metal !or the !ilament o! the#R1. %i/e reasons !or your choice.&erangkan kesesuaian ciri-ciri logam dalam Jadual di atas untuk digunakan sebagai #ilamen osiloskop itu. Seterusnya tentukan logam yang paling sesuai bagi #ilamen 4S, itu.-erikan alasan untuk pilihan anda.[F mar,s'F markah] (c) Draw the shape o! the trace seen on the #R1 screen when...Lukiskan bentuk surihan yang diperhatikan pada skrin 4S, apabila...(i) the timebase is switched o!! and the B.input is d.c. /oltage.dasar masa dimatikan dan input-/ dikenakan 'oltan a.t.[1 mar,'1 markah] (ii) the timebase is switched on and the B.input is a.c. /oltage.dasar masa dihidupkan dan input-/ dikenakan 'oltan a.u.[1 mar,'1 markah] (iii)the timebase is switched o!! and the B.input is a.c. /oltage.dasar masa dimatikan dan input-/ dikenakan 'oltan a.u.[1 mar,'1 markah] (d) Diagram below shows a signal obtained at the control tower o! an airport. he radar signal sent by a transmitter to an aeroplane is shown on the #R1 screen as A. he signal is sent bac, !rom the aeroplane and is detected by the #R1 as 8. he timebase o! the #R1 is set at 400 ms mmM1.Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu isyarat yang diperoleh di sebuah pusat kawalan lapangan terbang. +syarat radar yang dipancarkan oleh pemancar ke sebuah kapal terbang ditunjukkan pada skrin 4S, sebagai . +syarat itu dipantul balik daripada kapal terbang dan dikesan oleh 4S, sebagai -. 2asar masa bagi 4S, itu disetkan pada 400 msmmM1.Diagram ' Rajah Determine the distance o! the aeroplane !rom the control tower.&entukan jarak kapal terbang dari pusat kawalan itu.[-peed o! radar wa/es in air J 2.0 K 10F m sM1][Laju gelombang radar dalam udara J 2.0 K 10F m sM1][@ mar,s'@ markah] Jawapan1.(a)nMpMn(b)o reduce'limit the base current.)ntuk mengurangkan arus tapak(c)(i) $n dar,ness (low intensity)3 resistance o! LDR is high.2alam kegelapan (keamatan rendah)% rintangan ""# adalah tinggi.$n bright light (high intensity)3 resistance o! LDR is low.2alam cahaya terang (keamatan tinggi)% rintangan ""# adalah rendah. (ii) $n dar,ness (night time)3 resistance o! LDR is high (2 000 D).2alam kegelapan (waktu malam)% rintangan ""# adalah tinggi (2 000 D)."otential di!!erence across LDR is high.-e3a keupayaan merentasi ""# adalah tinggi.his causes a base current to !low. A bigger collector current !lows through the lamp3 L. LampL is switched on.+ni menyebabkan arus tapak mengalir. Suatu arus pengumpul yang lebih besar mengalirmelaluilampu% L. Lampu L dihidupkan.(d)(i) *1 gate'get &,(ii)

Lamp L wor,s in the re/erse3 i.e. it is switched on during the day and switched o!! during the night. Lampu L bekerja secara terbalik% contohnya% ia dihidupkan semasa siang dan dimatikan pada waktu malam.4.(a) (i) he bulb does not light up. his is because direct current does not !low through the capacitor. (ii) he diode is re/ersed !orward3 hence the current !lows and the bulb lights up.(iii) 8oth bulbs will light up but they will not be so bright.(b) (i) he relationship between the temperature and the resistance o! the bulb. (ii) 5hen the temperature o! the bulb rises3 the atoms /ibrate more strongly. his will produce more obstacles or resistance to the !low o! electrons. >ence the resistance o! the bulb !ilament increases when the temperature increases.(iii) ence the resistance decreases.2.(a) 5hen power is supplied3 the !ilament is heated. 6mission o! thermion will occur3 i.e. electrons are !reed!rom the sur!ace o! the metal that is heated.(b)i. ii.iii. i/.

(c)1. #athode rays tra/el in straight lines.4. #athode rays ha/e momentum and energy.@. (a)i. 1R gateii.

(b)i. *1R gateii.

0 (a) (i) he bulb does not light up. his is because direct current does not !low through the . capacitor.(ii) he diode is re/ersed !orward3 hence the current !lows and the bulb lights up. (iii) 8oth bulbs will light up but they will not be so bright.(b) (i) he relationship between the temperature and the resistance o! the bulb. (ii) 5hen the temperature o! the bulb rises3 the atoms /ibrate more strongly. his will produce more obstacles or resistance to the !low o! electrons. >ence the resistance o! the bulb !ilament increases when thetemperature increases.(iii) ence the resistance decreases.6.(a) 5hen a /ehicle passes through a road which has a detector3 the steel body o! the /ehicle increases themagnetic !ield produced by the coil carrying a current. his change is used to change the colour o!the signal lights.(b) he permanent magnet is brought into the coils o! wire carrying a current. he permanent magnet isthe car and the coils o! wire are the coils beneath the ground as shown in Diagram A.(c) (i) %ate A*D*1. (ii) igh /oltage will cause mal!unction o! the diode5oltan yang terlalu tinggi akan merosakkan diod.(b)D@(c) (d)i. ii. Acts as a current regulator'smoother -ertindak sebagai perata arus.(e) H.(a)i. M "rocess that dopes impurity atoms into a pure semiconductor. [1 m]ii. M 8oth semiconductors are built o! the same material3 i.e. silicon. [1 m]M 8oth o! the n.type semiconductors and p.type semiconductors are produced through doping. [1 m]M