destilasi dan kromatografi2003

8/17/2019 Destilasi Dan Kromatografi2003

1/20

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM IPA 1

KEGIATAN 3

DESTILASI DAN KROMATOGRAFI

DISUSUN OLEH :

1. Vitria Oktavia (1431224111!

2. M"#a$$a% &ai'"%%i' (143122413!

3. Mita P"ra'i')*i# (1431224134!

4. A+ri,ia P"-aa'i (14312244/!

0. Ri*a L"t#i Haki$ (1431224414!

URUSAN PENDIDIKAN IPA

AKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

UNIVERSITAS NEGERI 5OG5AKARTA

210


2/20

DESTILASI DAN KROMATOGRAI

A. TUUANa. K)iata' 1 6 D*ti,a*i

1. M,ak"ka' +$i*a#a' 7a$+"ra' %')a' 8r8a)ai 7ara 8r%a*arka' *iat i*ika

%a' *iat ki$ia.

2. M'%*kri+*ika' +ra' ka,9r %a,a$ $')"8a# "-"% at %a' *"#" *"at" 8'%a

*rta +'ra+a''a %a,a$ k#i%"+a' *#ari;#ari.

8. K)iata' 2 6 Kr9$at9)rai

1. M')ta#"i tk'ik +$i*a#a' ar'a %')a' tk'ik kr9$at9)rai.

%a'

$$i*a#ka' 7aira' tr*8"t %ari at +a%at a') tr,ar"t ata" %ari at 7air ,ai''a a')

$$+"'ai +r8%aa' titik %i%i# 7aira' $"r'i. Pa%a %*ti,a*i 8ia*a> tka'a' "a+ %i

ata* 7aira' a%a,a# tka'a' at$9*r (titik %i%i# '9r$a,!. U't"k *'aa $"r'i> *"#"

a') tr7atat +a%a tr$9$tr a') %it$+atka' +a%a t$+at tr-a%i'a +r9**

%*ti,a*i a%a,a# *a$a %')a' titik %i%i# %*ti,at (Sa#i%i'> 2@!.

U't"k $$i*a#ka' a,k9#9, %ari 7a$+"ra' %a' $'i')katka' ka%ar a,k9#9,>

8r +r," %i%i*ti,a*i. Mak*"% %a' +r9** %i*ti,a*i a%a,a# "'t"k $$i*a#ka' ta'9,

%ari 7a$+"ra' ta'9, air. U't"k ,ar"ta' a') tr%iri %ari k9$+9'';k9$+9'' a')

8r8%a 'ata *"#" %i%i#'a> %i*ti,a*i $r"+aka' 7ara a') +a,i') $"%a#

%i9+ra*ika' %a' -")a $r"+aka' 7ara +$i*a#a' a') *7ara t#r$a, a%a,a# i*i'.

Pa%a tka'a' at$9*ir> air $'%i%i# +a%a 1 9? %a' ta'9, $'%i%i# +a%a *kitar

9?. +r8%aa' %a,a$ titik %i%i# i'i,a# a') $$"')ki'ka' +$i*a#a' 7a$+"ra'


3/20

ta'9, air. Pri'*i+: -ika ,ar"ta' 7a$+"ra' ta'9, air %i+a'a*ka'> $aka aka' ,8i#

8a'ak $9,k", ta'9, $')"a+ %ari +a%a air. ika "a+;"a+ i'i %i%i')i'ka'

(%ik9'%'*a*i!> $aka k9'*'tra*i ta'9, %a,a$ 7aira' a') %ik9'%'*a*ika' it" aka'

,8i# ti'))i %ari +a%a %a,a$ ,ar"ta' a*,i'a. ika k9'%'*at i'i %i+a'a*ka' ,a)i %a'

k$"%ia' %ik9'%'*a*ika'> $aka k9'*'tra*i ta'9, aka' ,8i# ti'))i ,a)i. Pr9** i'i

8i*a %i",a')i tr"*> *a$+ai *8a)ia' 8*ar %ari ta'9, %ik9'*'tra*ika' %a,a$ *"at"

a*a. Na$"' #a, i'i a%a 8ata*'a. Pa%a ,ar"ta' /BC ta'9,> %i%a+atka' *"at"

7a$+"ra' %')a' titik %i%i# a') *a$a (a9tr9+!. Pa%a ka%aa' i'i> -ika ,ar"ta' /BC

a,k9#9, i'i %i+a'a*ka'> $aka ra*i9 $9,k", air %a' ta'9, %a,a$ k9'%'*at aka' ta+

k9'*ta' *a$a. ika %')a' 7ara %i*ti,a*i i'i> a,79#9, ti%ak 8ia* ,8i# +kat %ari /BC

(Hara#a+> 23!.D*ti,a*i $r"+aka' +')"a+a' *"at" 7aira' %')a' 7ara $$a'a*ka''a %a'

k$"%ia' $')$8"'ka' "a+'a k$8a,i $'-a%i 7aira'. D*ti,a*i *8a)ai +r9**

+$i*a#a' %ik$8a')ka' %ari k9'*+;k9'*+ %a*ar: tka'a' "a+> k$')"a+a'> %a'

*8a)ai'a. D*ti,a*i %i)"'aka' "'t"k +$i*a#a' 7aira';7aira' %')a' tka'a' "a+

a') 7"k"+ ti'))i. D')a' k9,9$ a') %ira'7a') *7ara 8aik> %a+at $$i*a#ka'

7aira';7aira' %')a' +r8%aa' tka'a' "a+ a') k7i, (ta+i ti%ak 7a$+"ra'

a9tr9+!. D*ti,a*i $r"+aka' $t9% i*9,a*i+$"r'ia' ( 1//@!.

U'it 9+ra*i %i*ti,a*i $r"+aka' $t9% a') %i)"'aka' "'t"k $$i*a#ka'

k9$+9'';k9$+9'' a') a%a %i %a,a$ *"at" ,ar"ta' ata" 7aira'> a') tr)a't"')

+a%a %i*tri8"*i k9$+9'';k9$+9'' tr*8"t a'tara a* "a+ %a' a* 7air. S$"a

k9$+9'';k9$+9'' i'i tr%a+at %a,a$ k%"a a* tr*8"t. a* "a+ tr8't"k %ari

a* 7air $,a,"i +')"a+a' +a%a titik %i%i#'a (Ga'k9+,i*> 1/@3!.

S'aa "ta$a a') trka'%"') %i %a,a$ tar a') $r"+aka' #a*i, %ari *"at"

+r9** %i*ti,a*i a%a,a# *'aa +#'9, a') tr%a+at %a,a$ -"$,a# a') *%ikit

tr"ta$a tr%iri %ari *'aa +iri%i' %a' "i'9,i' (H9,,$a'> 1/3!.

M'"r"t ?a#9'9 (1//1!>Ma7a$;Ma7a$ D*ti,a*i ait" :

1. D*ti,a*i Ua+

Pr9** +'ari')a' *"at" 7a$+"ra' air %a' 8a#a' a') ti%ak ,ar"t *$+"r'a

ata" ,ar"t *8a)ia' %')a' $'"r"'ka' tka'a' *i*t$ *#i'))a %i%a+atka' #a*i,

+'",i')a' -a"# %i8aa# titik %i%i# aa,.

2. D*ti,a*i Vak"$

U't"k $$"r'ika' *'aa a') ,ar"t %a,a$ air %')a' titik %i%i# ti'))i

*#i'))a tka'a' ,i')k"')a' #ar"* %it"r"'ka' a)ar tka'a' *i*t$ t"r"'.

3. D*ti,a*i


4/20

U't"k $$"r'ika' 7a$+"ra' *'aa %i$a'a k9$+9'';k9$+9'' a')

aka' %i+i*a#ka' $$i,iki titik %i%i# a') -a"# 8r8%a.

Prinsip Destilasi Uap

?a$+"ra' *"8*ta'*i a') ti%ak ,ar"t $'"'-"kka' rak*i a') *a')at 8%a

%a,a$ ,ar"ta' #9$9)' %a' %*kri+*i *iat'a $$r,"ka' #"k"$ i*ik a') 8r8%a.

Da*ar at"ra' %a+at %i+akai %')a' $$+rti$8a')ka' aki8at 'aik'a %via*i +a%a

#"k"$ ra",t. Sat" )-a,a %ari %via*i +9*iti a%a,a# %a,a$ %ia)ra$ #"8"')a' a'tara

tka'a' %')a' t$+rat"r. Pa%a 8ata* %via*i +9*iti 8*ar %ari #"k"$ ra",t> %"a

k9$+9'' %a+at ,ar"t %a' k9$+9'' tr*8"t $')"a+ a') *7ara $at$ati*

$$8rika' tka'a' t9ta, a') $r"+aka' -"$,a# t9ta, %ari tka'a' $a*i');$a*i')

(Fi,79> 1//0!.

Faktor-Faktor yang Mepengar!"i Proses Destilasi

A%a+"' akt9r;akt9r a') $$+')ar"#i %*ti,a*i %ia'tara'a ait" i't'*ita*

ra%ia*i $ata#ari> *"#" ,i')k"')a'> ka%aa' aa'> ka%aa' 7"a7a> k7+ata' a')i'>

,"a* %*ti,at9r> k$iri')a' %*ti,at9r %a' ,a$a'a akt" +r9** %*ti,a*i. akt9r a')

+a,i') 8r+')ar"# %a,a$ +r9** %*ti,a*i a%a,a# *"#" ata" +$a'a*a'. ika

+$a'a*a' tr,a," 8*ar %ik#aatirka' aka' tr-a%i flooding (8a'-ir!. ?iri

%ari flooding it" *'%iri a%a,a# trta#a''a 7aira' %i ata* k9,9$> +a%a *aat

tr-a%i flooding tra'*r $a**a a') %i#a*i,ka' ti%ak $ak*i$a,. Ktika

tr-a%i flooding > 7aira' ti%ak %a+at $')a,ir k 8aa# ,a)i> tta+i aka' trak"$",a*i

ata" 8a#ka' %a+at ik"t tr8aa k ata* 9,# "a+> *#i'))a +r9** %*ti,a*i #ar"* *)ra

%i#'tika' (S"tri*'9> 21!.

KROMATOGRAFI

Kr9$at9)ri a%a,a# ka%a# +$i*a#a' a') *a')at +'ti'). P'))"'aa'

kr9$at9)rai +rta$a ka,i t,a# %ikr%itka' k+a%a *9ra') a#,i 89ta'i r"*ia 8r'a$a

Mi7#, t*tt a+a 8i,a +a%a 1/3 8,ia" t,a# $,a+9rka' +$i*a#a' *a$+, +i)$'

8rar'a $,a,"i t"r"* a') tr%a+a' %')a' 8"tir;8"tir ka,*i"$ kar89'at a') #a,"*.

Pi)$' a') tr#a*i, %ari+a%a k*+ri$' it" t,a# %i+r9,# *8a)ai -a,"r;-a,"r

8rar'a %i%a,a$ t"r"* it".M"')ki' i'i,a# a') $$8r i,#a$ k+a%a 8,ia" "'t"k

$'))"'aka' kata kr9$at9)rai 8a)i tk'ik +$i*a#a' i'i 8r*$+'a %')a'

+rkataa' Grk kr9$a a') 8rarti ar'a %a' )rai a') 8rarti t",i*.


5/20

Pa%a $a*a ia $",ai %i+rk'a,ka'> ka%a# kr9$at9)rai k"ra') $'%a+at

+r#atia'> *#i'))a +a%a ta#"' 1/3;a'> t9ri kr9$at9)rai $",ai %i )"'aka' "'t"k

$'7t"*ka' +'))"'aa' kr9$at9)rai $9%r'. Pa%a *aat it" tr%a+at 8r8a)ai t#'ik

kr9$at9)rai.P'))"'aa' kr9$at9)rai ti%ak tr8ata* +a%a 8i%a') ki$ia *a-a> 8a#ka'

kr9$at9)rai -")a %i)"'aka' %a,a$ 8i%a') 8i9,9)i> ar$a*i> +rta'ia'> +tr9ki$ia %a'

*ai'* a,a$ *kitar. A#,i ki$ia $'$"ka' 8a#a kr9$at9)rai *a')at 8r)"'a "'t"k

$$i*a#ka' 8a#a';8a#a' %a' $')a'a,i*i* *a$+, a') k9$+,k*. (M9#a$$a%

$ar*i' *a'a)i> 1//@!

Kr9$at9)rai %a+at %i)"'aka' "'t"k $$i*a#ka' at;at +'"*"' a')

tr%a+at %a,a$ *at" 7a$+"ra'.Pa%a +$i*a#a' $'))"'aka' $t9% kr9$at9)rai>

*a$+, 7a$+"ra' %i,atka' +a%a +r$"kaa' at i'rt (at a') ti%ak rakti ti%ak $"%a# 8rak*i *7ara ki$ia!> *+rti a,"$i'a> *i,i7a> ata" krta* k#"*"*.Da,a$ #a,

i'i> at i'rt $r"+aka' a* %ia$ kar'a ti%ak ik"t 8r)rak 8r*a$a *a$+,

7a$+"ra'.S,ai' a* %ia$ a%a -")a a* )rak.a* )rak %a+at 8r+a )a'a* ata"

7aira'. Di*8"t a* )rak kar'a )a* ata 7aira' tr*8"t aka' 8r)rak 8r*a$a;*a$a

*a$+, 7a$+"ra' $,ati +r$"kaa' at i'rt (a* %ia$!. (Mira-"%%i'> Sakti9'9>

L"ti> 2B!

Kr9$at9)rai t,a# %i %i'i*ika' tr"ta$a *8a)ai *"at +r9** +$i*a#a' a')

%i)'aka' "'t"k +$i*a#a' 7a$+"ra' a') +a%a #akkat'a $9,k",r. Kr9$at9)rai

8r)a't"') +a%a +$8a)ia' ",a') $9,k",;$9,k", 7a$+"ra' at9$ %"a a* ata"

,8i#. Ti+;ti+ kr9$at9)rai $'7ak"+ kr9$at9)rai a%*9r+*i> kr9$at9)rai +arti*i

7aira'> %a' +rt"kara' i9'. Si*t$ "ta$a a') %i)"'aka' %a,a$ kr9$at9)rai +arti*i

a%a,a#: +arti*i )a*> +arti*i 7aira' a') $'))"'aka' a,a* tak 8r)rak ($i*a,'a

kr9$at9)rai k9,9$!> kr9$at9)rai krta* %a' ,a+i*a' ti+i*. Da,a$ tia+ ka*"* tr-a%i

%i*tri8"*i a'tara a* 7air a') tr*ra+ *7ara *ta*i9'r %a' at a,ir 8r)rak a')

k9'tak *7ara kari8 %')a' a* 7air it".Da,a$ kr9$at9)rai +arti*i 7aira'> a*a 7air

a') 8r)rak $')a,ir $,ati a* 7air *ta*i9'r a') %i*ra+ka' +a%a *"at"

+'%"k"')> %a,a$ kr9$at9)rai krta* +'%"k"') it" a%a,a# krta* ata" krta*

tr9,a#> *%a')ka' %a,a$ kr9$at9)rai ,a+i*a' ti+i* a%*9r8''a %i*a,"rka' +a%a

,$+') ka7a ata" ,$8ara' +,a*tik (. R.? D''> G.H. rr> . M%#a$>

1//1!.

Kr9$at9)rai a%a,a# tk'ik +$i*a#a' at "'t"k a'a,i*i* %a' +r+arat %')a'

$,ar"tka' 7a$+"ra' %a,a$ a* 8r)rak (7aira' ata" )a*!> a') $')a,ir $,a,"i

a* *ta*i9'r= at;at a') #'%ak %i+i*a#;+i*a#ka' #ar"* 8ri'trak*i %')a' a*

*ta*i9'r %')a' k"at a') 8r8%a;8%a> i'trak*i i'i %a+at 8r*iat a%*9r+*i> +arti*i>


6/20

+rt"kara' i9'> +')aaka' $9,k",r> ata" ,ai''a. Di,i#at %ari $a7a$ a* )rak>

%ik'a, kr9$at9)rai )a* %a' kr9$at9)rai 7aira'> a') k%"a i'i %a+at 8r"+a

kr9$at9)rai k9,9$> kr9$at9)rai krta*> kr9$at9)rai ,a+i*a' ti+i*> kr9$at9)rai

+'"kara' i9'> %a' *8a)ai'a. Da#"," 7ara i'i %i)"'aka' "'t"k $$i*a#;$i*a#ka'

at ar'a *#i'))a %i8ri 'a$a %$ikia' (kr9$9* ar'a! (Ha%iat> M9%-a%i> N9$a'

krtia*a> S"kar'9> S.*9+9r'9> 24!

?ara kr-a kr9$at9)rai +ri'*i+'a 7a$+"ra' a') aka' %i+i*a#ka'

%ita$8a#ka' k k9,9$ a') %i%a,a$'a tr%a+at a%*9r8' (a*a *ta*i9'r! %ari "-"')

*at" %a' 7a$+"ra' aka' 8r)rak %')a' 8a't"a' +')$8a'+$8aa a') 7979k

(a*a $98i,! #i'))a $'7a+ai "-"') *at"'a. P$i*a#a' %i7a+ai 9,# +r8%aa' ,a-"

t"r"' $a*i');$a*i') k9$+9'' %a,a$ k9,9$ a') %it't"ka' 9,# kk"ata'a%*9r8*i k9i*i' +arti*i a'tara a*a $98i, %a' a*a %ia$.

?9't9# $a7a$;$a7a$ kr9$at9)rai> a'tara ,ai':

1. Kr9$at9)rai k9,9$ a%a,a# kr9$at9)rai a') a%*9r8''a %i$a*"kka' k%a,a$

ta8"') (+i+a! ka7a. A%*9r8' tr*8"t 8r"+a +a%ata' %a,a$ 8't"k t+"')>

79't9#'a a,"$i'a. St,a# +$i*a#a' $a*i');$a*i') k9$+9'' tr%a+at

%i%ara# trt't" %a,a$ ta8"') (S"kri> S.>1///!.

2. Kr9$at9)rai )a*> kr9$at9)rai )a* *'%iri tr%iri %ari %"a ait" kr9$at9)rai )a*

7aira' %')a' $ka'i*$ +$i*a#a' +arti*i> tk'ik k9,9$ %a' 'a$a a,at Gas

Liquid Chromatography GL? %a' kr9$at9)rai )a* +a%at %')a' $ka'i*$

+$i*a#a' a8*9r8*> t#'ik k9,9$ %a' 'a$a a,at GS? Ga* S9,i% ?#r9$at9)ra+#.

Na$" GS? *kara') -ara') %i)"'aka' *#i'))a +a%a "$"$'a a') %i*8"t

%')a' G? *aat i'i a%a,a# Gas Liquid Chromatography GL?. Pa%a +ri'*i+'a

+$i*a#a' %a,a$ G? a%a,a# %i*8a8ka' 9,# +r8%aa' %a,a$ k$a$+"a'

%i*tri8"*i a'a,it %ia'tara a* )rak %a' a* %ia$ %i%a,a$ k9,9$ +a%a k7+ata'

%a' akt" a') 8r8%a.

3. Kr9$at9)rai 7air ( Liquid Chromatography!> $r"+aka' tk'ik a') t+at "'t"k

$$i*a#ka' i9' ata" $9,k", a') tr,ar"t %a,a$ *"at" ,ar"ta'> -ika ,ar"ta'

*a$+, 8ri'trak*i %')a' a* *ta*i9'r> 'a$"' i'trak*i'a 8r8%a

%ikar'aka' +r8%aa' %aa *ra+ (adsorption!> +rt"kara' i9' (ion exchange!>

+arti*i ( partitoring !> ata" "k"ra'. Pr8%aa' i'i $$8"at k9$+9'' tr+i*a# *at"

%')a' a') ,ai' %a' %a+at %i,i#at +r8%aa''a %ari ,a$a'a akt" tra'*it

k9$+9'' tr*8"t $,ati k9,9$. Tr%a+at 88ra+a -'i* kr9$at9)rai 7air>%ia'tara'a =


7/20

a. Reverse phase chromatography $r"+aka' a,at a'a,itika, a') k"at %')a'

$$a%"ka' *iat #i%r9r98ik *rta r'%a#'a +9,arita* a* *ta*i9'r a')

trikat *7ara ki$ia +a%a +a%ata' i'rt *+rti *i,i7a. Mt9% i'i 8ia*a %i

)"'aka' "'t"k +r9** k*trak*i> %a' +$i*a#a' *'aa a') ti%ak $"%a#

$')"a+ (nonvolatile!

8. High performance lliquid chromatography (HPL?! $$+"'ai +ri'*i+ a')

$iri+ %')a' revorse phose. Ha'a *a-a %a,a$ $t9% i'i> %i)"'aka' tka'a'

%a' k7+ata' a') ti'))i. K9,9$ a') %i)"'aka' %a,a$ HPL? ,8i# +'%k

%a' 8r%ia$tr k7i,> 'a$"' %a+at $')#a*i,ka' 88ra+a ti')kat

a"i,i8ri"$ %a,a$ -"$,a# 8*ar.

7. Size exclusion chromatography> ata" a') %ik'a, -")a %')a' ), +r$ati9'

ata" i,trati9' 7#r9$at9)ra+# 8ia*a %i)"'aka' "'t"k $$i*a#ka' %a'

$$"r'ika' +r9ti'. Mt9% i'i ti%ak $,i8atka' 8r8a)ai $a7a$ +'ra+a'

%a' *')at 7+at. Pra')kat kr9$at9)rai 8r+a ), 8r+9ri a') %a+at

$$i*a#ka' $9,k", 8*ar %a' 8r%ia$tr k7i,. M9,k", 8*ar aka' tr,"*i

tr,8i# %a#"," kar'a $9,k", tr*8"t ti%ak %a+at +'tra*i +a%a +9ri;+9ri.

4. Kr9$at9)rai +rt"kara' i9' (ion exchange chromatography! 8ia* %i )"'aka'

"'t"k +$"r'ia' $atri 8i9,9)i*> *+rti a*a$ a$i'9> ++ti%a> +r9ti'. Mt9% i'i

%a+at %i,ak"ka' %a,a$ %"a ti+> ait" %a,a$ k9,9$ $a"+"' r"a') %atar (+,a'ar!.

Tr%a+at %"a ti+ +rt"kara' i9'> ait" +rt"kara' kati9' (cation exchange! %a'

+rt"kara' a'i9' (anion exchange!. Pa%a +rt"kara' kati9'> a* *ta*i9'r

8r$"ata' ')ati> *%a')ka' +a%a +rt"kara' a'i9'> a* *ta*i9'r 8r$"ata'

+9*iti. M9,k", 8r$"ata' a') 8ra%a +a%a a* 7air aka' $,ati k9,9$. ika

$"ata' +a%a $9,k", *a$a %')a' k9,9$> $aka $9,k", tr*8"t aka' tr,"*i.

Na$' -ika $"ata' +a%a $9,k", ti%ak *a$a %')a' k9,9$> $aka $9,k", tr*8"t

aka' $$8't"k akata' i9'ik %')a' k9,9$. U't"k $'),"*i $9,k", a')$'$+, +a%a k9,9$ %i +r,ak"a' +'a$8a#a' ,ar"ta' %')a' PH %a' kk"ata'

i9'ik trt't". P$i*a#a' %')a' $t9% i'i *a')at kti %a' kar'a 8iaa "'t"k

$'-a,a'ka' $t9% i'i $ra# *rta k+a*tia''a ti'))i> $aka $t9% i'i 8ia*a

%i)"'aka' +a%a aa, +r9** k*,"r"#a'.

0. Kr9$at9)rai +arti*i> +ri'*i+ kr9$at9)rai +arti*i %a+at %i-,a*ka' %')a' #"k"$

+arti*i a') %a+at %itra+ka' +a%a *i*t$ $",tik9$+9'' a') %i8a#a* %i 8a)ia'

*8,"$'a. Da' %a,a$ kr9$at9)rai +arti*i> k*trak*i tr-a%i 8r",a') %a,a$ *at"

ka,i +r9**. Da,a$ +r798aa'> at tr,ar"t %i%i*tri8"*ika' a'tara a*a *ta*i9'r %a'

a*a $98i,. a*a *ta*i9'r %a,a$ 8a'ak ka*"* +,ar"t %ia%*9r8*i +a%a a%*9r8'


8/20

%a' a*a $98i,a%a,a# $9,k", +,ar"t a') $')i*i r"a') a'tar +artik,

tra%*9r8*i. ?9't9# k#a* kr9$at9)rai +arti*i a%a,a# kr9$at9)rai k9,9$ a')

%i)"'aka' ,"a* kar'a $r+aka' *a')at i*i' "'t"k +$i*a#a' *'aa 9r)a'ik.

B. Kr9$at9)rai krta*> $ka'i*$ +$i*a#a' %')a' kr9$at9)rai krta*

ri'*i+'a *a$a $ka'i*$ +a%a kr9$at9)rai k9,9$. A%*9r8' %a,a$

kr9$at9)rai krta* a%a,a# krta* *ari')> ak'i *,",9*a. Sa$+, a') aka'

%ia'a,i*i* %it9t9,ka' k "-"') krta* a') k$"%ia' %i)a't"') %a,a$ a%a#.

K$"%ia' %a*ar krta* *ari') %i7,"+ka' k%a,a$ +,ar"t a') $')i*i %a*ar

a%a#. a*a $98i, (+,ar"t! %a+at *a-a 8ra)a$. Air> ta'9,> a*a$ a*tat ata"

7a$+"ra' at;at i'i %a+at %i)"'aka'. Kr9$at9)rai krta* %itra+ka' "'t"k

a'a,i*i* 7a$+"ra' a*a$ a$i'9 %')a' *"k** 8*ar. Kar'a a*a$ a$i'9 $$i,iki*iat a') *a')at $iri+> %a' a*a*;a*a$ a$i'9 ,ar"t %a,a$ air %a' ti%ak $"%a#

$')"a+ (t%ak $"')ki' %i%i*ti,a*i!> +$i*a#a' a*a$ a$i'9 a%a,a# $a*a,a# +a,i')

*"kar a') %i#a%a+i i,$"a' ki$iaa' %iak#ir a8a% 1/ %a' aa, a8a% 2. a%i

+'$"a' kr9$at9)rai krta* $r"+aka' 8rita *a')at 8aik 8a)i $rka.

Ki$iaa' i'))ri* R#i7ar% La"r'7 Mi,i')t9' S') (1/14;1//4! a%a,a# 9ra')

+rta$a a') $'))"'aka' $t9% a'a,i*i* a*a$ a$i'9 %')a' kr9$at9)rai

krta*. Saat 7a$+"ra' a*a$ a$i'9 $'aiki ,$8ara' krta* *7ara rtika, kar'a

a%a '9$'a ka+i,r> +arti*i a*a$ a$i'9 a'tara a*a $98i, %a' a*a %ia$ (air!

a') tra8*9r8*i +a%a *,",9*a 8r,a')*"') 8r",a');",a'). Ktika +,ar"t

$'7a+ai "-"') ata* krta* +r9** %i#'tika'. Stia+ a*a$ a$i'9 8r)rak %ari

titik aa, *+a'-a') -arak trt't". Dari 'i,ai R> $a*i');$a*i') a*a$ a$i'9

%ii%'tiika*i. Kr9$at9)rai krtaa* %"a;%i$'*i (2D! $'))"'aka' krta* a')

,"a* 8"ka' ,$8ara' k7i,> %a' *a$+,'a %i+r9** *7ara %"a %i$'*i %')a' %"a

+,ar"t.

. Kr9$at9)rai a%*98*i> a*a %ia$ %a,a$ kr9$at9)rai a%*9r+* %i*8"t a%*9r8'.

Kr9$at9)rai a%*9r+*i a%a,a# ti+ kr9$at9)rai trt"a> *+rti a') %ikr-aka'

T*t. Ktika 7aira' %i)"'aka' *8a)ai a*a )rak'a> $aka %i*8"t Liquid Solid

Chromatography (LS?! 79't9#'a TL? %a' HPL?. ika a* )rak 8r"+a )a*

%i*8"t )a* Gas Solid Chromatography (GS?! $i*a, Gas Chromatography (G?!.

Da,a$ kr9$at9)rai a%*9r8* a%a %"a ti+ )aa: )aa tarik *9,"t +a%a a%*9r8'

( stationary phase!. Gaa a') 8kr-a "'t"k $'),"arka' *9,"t %ari a%*9r8'

"'t"k 8r)rak 8r*a$a a* )rak.

A+,ika*i kr9$at9)rai %a,a$ 8r8a)ai 8i%a')> a'tara ,ai':


9/20

1. Pa%a 8i%a') 8aik k"a,itati $a"+"' k"a'titati>

*'aa %a,a$ +r9ti'. Pr9ti' *ri') %i+i,i# kar'a ia *ri') $'-a%i 98kk

$9,k", a') #ar"* %i+"rii% (%i$"r'ika'! tr"ta$a "'t"k k+r,"a' %a,a$

8i9ar$a*i. Kr9$at9)rai -")a %ia+,ika*ika' %a,a$ +$i*a#a' $9,k",;

$9,k", +'ti') *+rti a*a$ '"k,at> kar89#i%rat> vita$i' %a' $9,k",

+'ti') ,ai''a.

D')a' %ata;%ata a') %i%a+atka' %')a' $'))"'aka' kra$9t9)rai

i'i> *,a'-"t'a *8"a# +r9%"k 98at;98ata' %a+at %iti')katka' $"t"'a> %a+at

%i+akai *8a)ai %ata aa, "'t"k $')#a*i,ka' -'i* 98at 8ar"> ata" %a+at +",a

%i+akai "'t"k $')9'tr9, k9'%i*i 98at tr*8"t *#i'))a 8ia*a 8rta#a' ,a$a.

2. Pa%a 8i%a') k,i'ik

Da,a$ 8i%a') 7,i'i7a, (k,i'ik!> tk'ik i'i *a')at 8r$a'aat tr"ta$a

%a,a$ $')i'v*ti)a*i ,"i%a 8a%a' *+rti air ,i"r. Dari air ,i"r *9ra')

+a*i'> %9ktr %a+at $')ta#"i -'i* +'akit a') %i%rita +a*i' tr*8"t.

*9ra') +r9k9k %a+at %ikta#"i a+aka# %ia tr$a*"k +r9k9k 8ratata" ri')a'

%')a' $')ta#"i k9'*'tra*i (*ia'i%a! %ari *a$+, air ,i"r'a. D$ikia'

#a,'a air k'7i')> %ara# %a' ,"i%a 8a%a' ,ai'a 8ia*a $$8rika' %ata a')

ak"rat %a' 7+at *#i'))a k8ra%a' *"at" +'akit %a,a$ t"8"# $a'"*ia

%a+at %i%tk*i *7ara %i'i %a' 7+at.

Skara') i'i> %tk*i *'aa 9k*a,at %a,a$ air k'7i') $'-a%i

*a')at +'ti') tr"ta$a 8a)i +a*i' ki%' *t9'* (8at" )i'-a,!. ata" ,ai''a> aka' tta+i *$"a

$$8"t"#ka' kr-a k*tra %a' akt" a') 7"k"+ ,a$a "'t"k $'%a+atka'

#a*i, a'a,iti* %i8a'%i')ka' %')a' tk'ik kr9$at9)rai.

D')a' a,a*a';a,a*a' i'i,a#> kr9$at9)rai k$"%ia' $'-a%i +i,i#a'"ta$a %a,a$ $$8a't" $')ata*i +r$a*a,a#a' %a,a$ %"'i 8i9tk'9,9)i>

ar$a*i> k,i'ik %a' k#i%"+a' $a'"*ia *7ara "$"$.

3. Pa%a 8i%a') 9r'*i7

A+,ika*i +a%a 8i%a') 9r'*ik +"' *a')at $$8a't"> tr"ta$a %i,i#at

%ari *)i ka$a'a'. Ma*i# ,kat %a,a$ i')ata' kita> *8"a# +ri*tia


10/20

a%a'a +ri*tia;+ri*tia +')89$a' +,%aka' tr*8"t k 8a#aa

+,9*iv (8a#a' +,%ak! %')a' +'i')kata' 7"k"+ ta-a$.

Ki'i kr9$at9)rai $'-a%i #a, a') +'ti') %a,a$ $')a'a,i*i*

8r8a)ai 8a#a';8a#a' ki$ia a') trka'%"') %a,a$ 8a#a' +,%ak. Ha, i'i %i

%9r9') kar'a %')a' *$aki' 7+at %ikta#"i'a 8a#a';8a#a' %a*ar a+a*a-a

8a#a' +,%ak> $aka aka' $$+r7+at %ia$8i,'a ti'%aka' 9,#

8a)ia'ka$a'a' "'t"k $')ata*i %ara#;%ara# a') trk'a ,%aka' *rta

a'ti*i+a*i $,"a*'a k ra%ia*i a') k$"')ki'a' aka' $')'a t8"#

$a'"*ia %i*kitar ,9ka*i ,%aka'. L8i# -a"# ,a)i> k ')ati'a tr#a%a+

,i')k"')a' -")a 8ia*a %ikta#"i.

4. Da,a$ 8i%a') ,i')k"')a'

Sa,a# *at" +r$a*a,a#a' *ri"* a') %i#a%a+i N)ara;')ara

8rk$8a') %a' N)ara $a-" a%a,a# +r*9a,a' global warming (+r$a*a,a#a'

),98a,!. M'"r"t *"rvi ational !nstitute "or #nvironmental Studies> -a+a'>

ta#"' 2B ,a,"> 8a#a $a*arakat %i-+a') $$+rkiraka' ti')kat

+$a'a*a' ),98a, $r+aka' $a*a,a# ,i')k"')a' +a,i') *ri"* %a'

ti')kata''a #a$+ir (t"-"#! ka,i ,i+at %ari *at" %ka% a') ,a," *aat +9,i')

ka,i +rta$a %i,ak"ka' +a%a ta#"' 1//. Siri') %')a' #a, it"> +r$a*a,a#a'

,i')k"')a' +"' *$aki' $'i')kat. Di *i'i,a#> tk'ik kr9$at9)rai

$')a$8i, +ra' +a,i') +'ti') %a,a$ environmental analysis (a'a,i*i*

,i')k"')a'! i'i.

Pr$a*a,a#a' ,i')k"')a' %a+at %i8a)i $'-a%i 3 (ti)a! 8a)ia' : water

hygien$ soil hygiene %a' air hygiene. S8a)ai 79't9# k"a,ita* air ($i*a, : air

,%')> air *"')ai> air %a'a"> air +r$"kaa'! %a+at %ikta#"i *a,a# *at"'a

%')a' $')ta#"i -'i* a'i9' %a' kati9' a') trka'%"') %a,a$ *a$+, air

tr*8"t *ka,i)"* -"$,a#'a.

?. ALAT DAN


11/20

1. G,a* "k"r 0 $,

2. S+i%9,

3. Air

4. Krta* *ari')

D. LANGKAH KERA

a. K)iata' 1 6 D*ti,a*i

M'ia+ka' a,at %a' 8a#a'.

M'i$8a') )ara$ *8a'ak 1 )ra$ $'))"'aka' 'ra7a a'a,itik.

M$a*"kka' )ara$ k %a,a$ ,a8" Er,'$r 20 $,.

M'a$8a#aka' 10 $, air k %a,a$ ,a8" Er,'$r 20 $,.

M'7a$+"rka' )ara$ %a' air #i'))a #9$9)'.

Mra')kai a,at *+rti +a%a )a$8ar.

M$a'a*ka' ,a8" Er,'$r 20 $,.

M'"'))" #i'))a ,ar"ta' )ara$ $'%i%i#.

M')a$ati *"#" +a%a *tia+ tt*a' a') tr8't"k.

M'7atat #a*i, +')a$ata'.

Kaki Ti)a

Ma')k"k

S,a')

Tr$9$tr

Er,'$r 20 $,

S+irt"*

G,a* "k"r 1 L

Er,'$r 1 $,


12/20

Sk$a A,at D*ti,a*i


E. TA


13/20

1. arak t$+"# 1 7$

2. arak t$+"# 2 7$

3. arak t$+"# 3 7$

G. PEM


14/20

)ara$ %a' air #i'))a #9$9)'. Mra')kai a,at *+rti +a%a )a$8ar. M$a'a*ka'

,a8" Er,'$r 20 $,. M'"'))" #i'))a ,ar"ta' )ara$ $'%i%i#. M')a$ati

*"#" +a%a *tia+ tt*a' a') tr8't"k> ,a," $'7atat #a*i, +')a$ata'.

T"-"a' %ari +raktik"$ i'i ait" $,ak"ka' +$i*a#a' 7a$+"ra' %')a'

8r8a)ai 7ara 8r%a*arka' *iat i*ika %a' *iat ki$ia> $'%*kri+*ika' +ra'

ka,9r %a,a$ $')"8a# "-"% at %a' *"#" *"at" 8'%a *rta +'ra+a''a %a,a$

k#i%"+a' *#ari;#ari.

D*ti,a*i $r"+aka' +$i*a#a' k9$+9'';k9$+9'' %a,a$ *at" ,ar"ta'

8r%a*arka' %i*tri8"*i *"8*ta'*i;*"8*ta'*i +a%a a* )a* %a' a* 7air %')a'

$'))"'aka' +r8%aa' v9,ati,ita* %ari k9$+9'';k9$+9'''a a') 7"k"+

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k$"%ia' %i%i')'ka' k$8a,i %a,a$ 8't"k 7aira'. &at a') $$i,iki titik %i%i#

,8i# r'%a# aka' $')"a+ tr,8i# %a#",". P'ra+a' +r9** i'i %i%a*arka' +a%a

t9ri 8a#a +a%a *"at" ,ar"ta'> $a*i');$a*i') k9$+9'' aka' $')"a+ +a%a

titik %i%i#'a. D*ti,a*i a') %i,ak"ka' a%a,a# -'i* %*ti,a*i 8ia*a. ?ara i'i

%i)"'aka' "'t"k $$9i*a#ka' %"a $a7a$ at ata" ,8i# a') $$+"'ai titik

%i%i# 7"k"+ 8*ar. 'a$"' #a*i,'a ti%k 8'ar;8'ar

$"r'i kar'a #a'a 8r*iat $$i*a#ka' at 7air a') titik %i%i# r'%a# ata" at

7air %a' at +a%at %a,a$ #a, i'i )ara$ $')'%a+ %a,a$ ta8"') Er,'$r.

Dari +r798aa' %*ti,a*i a') t,a# %i,ak"ka' %')a' ,ar"ta' )ara$ 8rar'a

kr"# %')a' v9,"$ 20 $, %i%a+atka' *"#" $'%i%i# +a%a B ?> *"#" tt*a'

+rta$a @B ? k$"%ia' *a$+ai tt*a' k$+at *"#" k9'*ta' +a%a @B ?. Far'a

%*ti,at (#a*i, %*ti,a*i! 8rar'a 8'i'). Lar"ta' aa, ra*a'a a*i' kar'a

tr%a+at i9';i9' )ara$> %a' *t,a# %i%*ti,a*i ra*a air 8ra*a taar kar'a t,a#

$')a,a$i +r9** +'",i')a'.


15/20


Pa%a k)iata' k%"a> +raktika' $,ak"ka' +$i*a#a' ar'a %')a' tk'ik

kr9$at9)rai.

P')rtia' "$"$ kr9$at9)rai a%a,a# tk'ik "'t"k $$i*a#ka'

7a$+"ra' $'-a%i k9$+9'';k9$+9'''a %')a' 8a't"a' +r8%aa' i*ik

$a*i');$a*i') k9$+9'''a.

*+9t9') krta* %a+at %i)"'aka' *8a)ai a*a %ia$. Tk'ik i'i %ik'a, *8a)ai

kr9$at9)rai krta*. Kr9$at9)rai ,a+i*a' ti+i* %a' kr9$at9)rai krta*

%ik,a*iika*ika' *a8a)ai kr9$at9)rai +,a'ar (%atar! "'t"k $$8%aka''a %ari

kr9$at9)rai a') $'))"'aka' a*a %ia$ %i%a,a$ *8"a# k9,9$. Tk'ik

kr9$at9)rai 7aira' %')a' a*a %ia$ %i%a,a$ k9,9$ %ik'a, *8a)ai

kr9$at9)rai 7air;+a%at ( Liquid Solid Chromatography % LSC !> tr)a't"') %ari

a*a %ia$'a> *"at" +a%ata' ata" 7aira'. air *8a)ai at +,ar"t> *+i%9, #ita$ *8a)ai at tr,ar"t> %a' krta* *ari')

*8a)ai $%ia kr9$at9)rai.

P? ( &aper Cromatography! $r"+aka' *a,a# *at" $t9% +$i*a#a'

8r%a*arka' %i*tri8"*i *"at" *'aa +a%a %"a a*a ait" a*a %ia$ %a' a*a )rak.

P$i*a#a' *%r#a'a *"at" 7a$+"ra' *'aa %a+at %i,ak"ka' %')a'

kr9$at9)rai krta*> +r9**'a %ik'a, *8a)ai a'a,i*i* ka+i,r %i$a'a ,$8ara'

krta* 8r"')*i *8a)ai +'))a'ti k9,9$.


16/20

S"$8r : .)99),.79$

Kr9$at9)rai krta* a%a,a# *a,a# *at" +')$8a')a' %ari kr9$at9)rai +arti*i

a') $'))"'aka' krta* *8a)ai +a%ata' +'%"k"') a*a %ia$. O,# kar'a it"

%i*8"t kr9$at9)rai krta*. S8a)ai a*a %ia$ a%a,a# air a') tra%*9r+*i +a%a

krta* %a' *8a)ai ,ar"ta' +')$8a') 8ia*a'a +,ar"t 9r)a'ik a') t,a#

%i-'"#ka' %')a' air.

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%a,a$ *,",9*a krta*.a*a )rak 8r"+a 7a$+"ra' +,ar"t a') aka' $'%9r9')

*'aa "'t"k 8r)rak %i*+a'-a') k9,9$ ka+i,r. A'a,i*i* k"a,itati

$'))"'aka' kr9$at9)rai krta* %i,ak"ka' %')a' 7ara $$8a'%i')ka' #ar)a

relative response factor (R!. Ni,ai R i%'tik %')a' time retention (tR! ata"

volume retention (VR!.

Ni,ai R %a+at %it't"ka' %')a' 7ara:

Har)a R at 8ak" %a+at %ii%'tiika*ika' k9$+9'' 7a$+"ra'> kar'a #ar)a

8*ara' i'i 8r*iat k#a* "'t"k *tia+ at a*a, %i)"'aka' -'i* +')$8a') a')

*a$a. Ka%a');ka%a') +$i*a#a' %a,a$ *at" ara# 8,"$ $$8rika' #a*i, a')

$$"a*ka'. U't"k $'%a+atka' #a*i, a') ,8i# 8aik> %a+at %i+akai 7ara

kr9$at9)rai krta* %"a %i$'*i> a') $a'a ,tak krta* %i"8a# *#i'))a ara#

+$i*a#a' -")a 8r"8a#.

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17/20

+'t*a' ,ar"ta' +a%a krta*> $aka 8a)ia' 8aa# krta* %i7,"+ka' %a,a$ ,ar"ta'

+')a$8a') (developing solution!. Lar"ta' i'i "$"$'a tr%iri ata* 7a$+"ra'

88ra+a +,ar"t 9r)a'ik a') t,a# %i-'"#ka' %')a' air.

Si*t$ i'i aka' tr*ra+ 9,# krta* %a' *8a)ai aki8at %ari )aa ka+i,r aka'

$ra$8at *+a'-a') krta* tr*8"t. Ra$8ata' i'i %a+at %i"*a#aka' %a,a$ $9%"*

'aik ata" $'"r"'. Pr9*%"r a') %i,ak"ka' +a%a +r798aa' i'i a%a,a# %')a'

$$8"at titik +a%a krta* *ari') $'))"'aka' *+i%9, +a%a -arak trt't". Titik i'i

#ar"* %i"k"r %a#",". S,a'-"t'a "-"') krta* *ari') %i7,"+ka' +a%a air. St,a#

88ra+a *aat tr,i#at ar'a a') 8r8%a.

P,ar"t a') %i)"'aka' %a,a$

+r798aa' i'i a%a,a# a"a%* a') $$i,iki *iat i*ika %a' *iat ki$ia> a'tara ,ai'

: 1. A"a%*

Siat i*ika air

; R"$"* $9,k", :

; Ma**a $9,ar : 1@>103

; D'*ita* %a' a* : >//@ 3 a. >/2/ 3> +a%ata'

; Titik ,8"r : J? (23>10 K! (32 J!

; Titik %i%i# : 1 J? (33>10 K! (212 J!

; P'a$+i,a' : 7aira' tak 8rar'a> ti%ak 8r8a"

Siat ki$ia air :

; P,ar"t a') 8aik ; M$i,iki +H ('tra,!

; a%a %"a %ata a') %i"k"r. Data +rta$a a%a,a# -arak

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8ir"> 9ra')> %a' 8ir".

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%a+atka' #a*i, -arak t$+"# at tr,ar"t +a%a ar'a "')" *8*ar 4>0 7$> +a%a

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-arak t$+"# at tr,ar"t +a%a ar'a "')" 4 7$> +a%a ar'a 9ra') 0> 7$> %a'

+a%a ar'a 8ir" B>B 7$.Dari #a*i, a') %i%a+atka' %a+at %i#it"') 'i,ai R> +a%a ar'a "')" 1 *8*ar

4>0 7$> 9ra') 1 *8*ar >B 7$> %a' 8ir" 1 *8*ar @>2 7$. Pa%a -arak t$+"#


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+,ar"t 2 7$> 'i,ai R'a +a%a ar'a "')" *8*ar 2 7$> 9ra') *8*ar 2>/ 7$>

%a' ar'a 8ir" *8*ar 3>1 7$. +a%a -arak t$+"# at +,ar"t 3 7$> 'i,ai R'a

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*,a'-"t'a $')"a+ $'-a%i titik;tiitk air a') k$"%ia'

%i%i')i'ka' %a' 8r"8a# $'-a%i air taar.


1. Tk'ik +$i*a#a' ar'a %')a' tk'ik kr9$at9)rai %i,ak"ka' %')a' 7ara

$'7,"+ka' "-"') krta* *ari') a') *"%a# %itt*i ti'ta k %a,a$ a"a%*.


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DATAR PUSTAKA

Ak#ir"%i'> T.> 2@. 'esain (lat 'estilasi (ir Laut dengan Sumber #nergi )enaga Surya

sebagai (lternatif &enyediaan (ir *ersih. S"kar'9> S. S9+9$9. 24. -amus Sains. akarta :


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Sk$a A,at D*ti,a*i ?ara Kr9$at9)rai

Sk$a A,at D*ti,a*i

Ha*i, Kr9$at9)rai

destilasi dan kromatografi2003

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