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DAFTAR ISI
Halaman
ABSTRAK ............................................................................................... i
PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN ........................................................ ii
KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................... iv
DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................... vi
DAFTAR GAMBAR............................................................................... viii
DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................... ix
DAFTAR ISTILAH ................................................................................ x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1. Latar Belakang
..............................................................
1
1.2. Permasalahan ................................................................ 5
1.3. Tujuan ........................................................................... 5
1.4. Manfaat ......................................................................... 6
BAB II PERAN RESVERATROL SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN
PADA PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR DITINJAU
DARI KEDOKTERAN
2.1. Penyakit Kardiovaskular
...............................................
8
2.2. Gejala Penyakit
Kardiovaskular ....................................
10
2.3. Aterosklerosis ............................................................... 11
2.4. Resveratrol ...................................................................
.
17
vi
BAB III PERAN RESVERATROL SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN
PADA PENYAKIT KARDIOVASKULAR DITINJAU
DARI ISLAM
3.1. Pandangan Islam Terhadap Senyawa Resveratrol
.........
26
3.2. Penyakit Kardiovaskular Menurut Pandangan
Islam ....
33
3.3. Pandangan Islam Tentang Peran Resveratrol Terhadap
Penyakit
Kardiovaskular ...............................................
38
BAB IV KAITAN PANDANGAN ANTARA KEDOKTERAN
DAN ISLAM TENTANG PERAN RESVERATROL
SEBAGAI ANTIOKSIDAN PADA PENYAKIT
KARDIOVASKULAR DITINJAU DARI
KEDOKTERAN DAN ISLAM ...........................................
44
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN
5.1. Simpulan ....................................................................... 46
5.2. Saran ............................................................................. 47
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ............................................................................. 49
vii
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Halaman
Gambar 2.1 Proses patogenesis pembentkan Aterosklerosis ................ 13
Gambar 2.2 Perkembangan aterosklerosis ............................................ 15
Gambar 2.3 Struktur kimia trans- dan cis- Resveratrol (3, 4’, 5-
trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) ..................................................
18
Gambar 2.4 Efek resveratrol pada jalur transduksi sinyal intrasel ........ 18
Gambar 2.5 Jalur metabolisme lipid di regulasi oleh resveratrol
..........
19
Gambar 2.6 Efek Resveratrol pada jalur sel dan proses metabolik ...... 20
Gambar 2.7 Dampak oksidatif stress pada metabolisme lemak ........... 25
viii
DAFTAR TABEL
Halaman
Tabel 2.1 Faktor resiko penyakit jantung ............................................ 10
Tabel 2.2 Fase pembentukan aterosklerosis ........................................ 12
Tabel 2.3 Efek kardioprotektif resveratrol ........................................... 18
ix
DAFTAR ISTILAH
ABC : ATP binding cassette
ABCA1 : ATP binding cassette A1
ABCG1 : ATP binding cassette G1
Akt : Protein kinase B
AMPK : AMP-activated protein kinase
AP-1 : Activator protein-1
eNOS : Endotel nitric oxide synthase
ERK : Extracellular-signal-regulated kinase
HDL : High Density Lipoprotein
HIF-1α : Hypoxia induceible factor-1α
IFNγ : Interferon γ
IKK : IKB kinase
LDL : Low Density Lipoprotein
LOX-1 : ox-LDL reseptor-1
LXRs : Liver X receptors
MAPKs : Mitogen-activated protein kinase
NF-κB : Nuclear factor-kappaB
ox-LDL : Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein
PI3K : Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase
PJK
:
Penyakit Jantung Koroner
PKC : Protein kinase C
PPAR : Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor
x
PPAR γ : Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ
ROS : Reactive oxygen species
SIRT1 : Silent Information Regulator 1
SMC : Smooth muscle cell
STAT3 : Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
TNFα : Tumor Necrosis Factor α
WHO : World Health Organization
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