iii

DAFTAR ISI

ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................................... i KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................................. ii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................................ iii DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................................ ix

DAFTAR SINGKATAN DAN LAMBANG .............................................................. xi BAB 1 Pendahuluan ................................................................................................. 1-1

Latar Belakang ...................................................................................... 1-1 Rumusan masalah ................................................................................. 1-1

Tujuan penulisan ................................................................................... 1-2 Batasan Masalah ................................................................................... 1-2 Manfaat penelitian ................................................................................ 1-2 Sitematika penulisan ............................................................................. 1-2

BAB 2 Tinjauan pustaka .......................................................................................... 2-1

2.1 Tinjauan Umum .................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Peraturan ............................................................................................... 2-1

2.3 Spesifikasi Bahan .................................................................................. 2-2 2.4 Pembebanan .......................................................................................... 2-2

2.4.1 Beban Mati ................................................................................ 2-2

2.4.2 Beban Hidup ............................................................................. 2-3 2.4.3 Kombinasi Pembebanan ............................................................ 2-3

2.5 Persyaratan Umum Perencanaan Ketahanan Gempa untuk Gedung .. ..2-5 2.5.1 Gempa Rencana ........................................................................ 2-5

2.5.2 Analisa Perencanaan Terhadap Gempa .................................... 2-6 2.5.3 Klasifikasi Situs ........................................................................ 2-8

2.5.4 Koefisien situs dan Parameter Respon Spektra .……………... 2-9

2.5.5 Kategori Desain Seismik ......................................................... 2-12 2.5.6 Faktor Redundansi .................................................................. 2-14 2.5.7 Geser Dasar Seismik ............................................................... 2-14

2.5.8 Distribusi Vertikal Gaya Gempa ............................................. 2-15 2.5.9 Distribusi Horizontal Gaya Gempa ......................................... 2-16 2.5.10 Penentuan Simpangan Antar Lantai ........................................ 2-17

2.6 Perencanaan Struktur Atas .................................................................. 2-17 2.6.1 Perencanaan Struktur Pelat ..................................................... 2-17

2.6.2 Perencanaan Struktur Kolom .................................................. 2-21 2.6.3 Perencanaan Struktur Balok .................................................... 2-23

2.7 Struktur Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus (SRPMK) ........................ 2-24

2.7.1 Persyaratan Detailing Komponen Struktur Lentur SRPMK...2-24 2.7.2 Persyaratan Detailing Komponen Struktur SRPM yang

Menerima Kombinasi Lentur dan Beban Aksial…………….2-28 2.7.3 Joint Rangka Momen Khusus ................................................. 2-30

2.7.4 Dinding Geser ......................................................................... 2-31 2.7.5 Elemen Pembatas Dinding Struktur Khusus ........................... 2-32

2.8 Perencanaan Struktur Tangga ............................................................. 2-32

iv

2.9 Perencanaan Beban lift / Elevator ....................................................... 2-33 2.10 Perencanaan Struktur Bawah .............................................................. 2-34

2.10.1 Perencanaan Pondasi ............................................................... 2-35 2.10.2 Perancangan Sloof .................................................................. 2-39 2.10.3 Perancangan Pile cap .............................................................. 2-39

BAB 3 Metodologi ................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Prosedur Penelitian ............................................................................... 3-1

3.2 Metode Pengumpulan Data ................................................................... 3-2 3.2.1 Data Teknis ............................................................................... 3-2 3.2.2 Data Non Teknis ....................................................................... 3-3

3.3 Studi Pustaka ........................................................................................ 3-8 3.4 Perhitungan Preliminary Design ........................................................... 3-8

3.4.1 Preliminary Balok ..................................................................... 3-8 3.4.2 Preliminary Pelat ..................................................................... 3-12

3.4.3 Preliminary Kolom .................................................................. 3-19 3.5 Permodelan dan Analisis Struktur ...................................................... 3-21 3.6 Pembebanan ........................................................................................ 3-22

3.6.1 Beban Statik ............................................................................ 3-22

3.6.2 Beban Hidup ........................................................................... 3-22 3.6.3 Beban Mati .............................................................................. 3-22

3.6.4 Beban Mati Tambahan ............................................................ 3-23 3.6.5 Beban Dinamis ........................................................................ 3-23 3.6.6 Beban Gempa .......................................................................... 3-23

3.7 Gambar Desain Elemen Struktur ........................................................ 3-23 3.8 Perhitungan Data Tanah ..................................................................... 3-23

3.9 Perhitungan Beban .............................................................................. 3-25 3.9.1 Beban Gravitasi ....................................................................... 3-25

3.9.2 Beban Gempa .......................................................................... 3-26 3.9 Analisa Struktur .................................................................................. 3-31 3.10 Output Gaya ........................................................................................ 3-31

3.11 Perhitungan Penulangan ..................................................................... 3-31

3.12 Hasil Analisa ....................................................................................... 3-31 BAB 4 Analisa Struktur ........................................................................................... 4-1

4.1 Aplikasi Pembebanan Gedung .............................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Beban Gempa ............................................................................ 4-1 4.1.2 Beban Hidup ............................................................................. 4-2

4.1.3 Beban Mati Tambahan .............................................................. 4-2 4.2 Ketidakberaturan Bangunan ................................................................. 4-6

4.2.1 Ketidakberaturan Horizontal ..................................................... 4-6 4.2.2 Ketidakberaturan Vertikal ......................................................... 4-9

4.3 Analisis Model .................................................................................... 4-11

4.3.1 Analisis Partisipasi Massa ....................................................... 4-11 4.3.2 Cek Periode ............................................................................. 4-12 4.3.3 Analisis Geser Dasar Nominal (V) ........................................ 4-15 4.3.4 Evaluasi Kinerja Struktur ........................................................ 4-15

BAB 5 Perhitungan Struktur Atas ............................................................................ 5-1 5.1 Perhitungan Tangga .............................................................................. 5-1

5.1.1 Perhitungan Tulangan Pelat ...................................................... 5-1

v

5.1.2 Perhitungan Tulangan Bordes ................................................... 5-3 5.2 Perhitungan Pelat Lantai ....................................................................... 5-4

5.2.1 Perhitungan Pelat Lantai Satu Arah .......................................... 5-4 5.2.2 Perhitungan Pelat dua Arah....................................................... 5-8

5.3 Perhitungan Balok .............................................................................. 5-14 5.3.1 Hitung keperluan baja tulangan untuk menahan momen

lentur. ... …………………………………………………… . 5-16

5.3.2 Hitung probable momen Capacities (Mpr) ............................. 5-27 5.3.3 Diagram Gaya Geser ............................................................... 5-29 5.3.4 Lap splicing untuk bentang menerus ...................................... 5-35

5.4 Perhitungan Kolom ............................................................................. 5-44 5.5 Desain Hubungan Balok - Kolom SRPMK ........................................ 5-53

5.6 Dinding Geser ..................................................................................... 5-56 BAB 6 Perhitungan Struktur Bawah ........................................................................ 6-1

6.1 Desain Elemen Struktur Bawah ............................................................ 6-1 6.1.1 Perencanaan Bore Pile .............................................................. 6-1 6.1.2 Penurunan ................................................................................. 6-3 6.1.3 Pembebanan .............................................................................. 6-4

6.1.4 Desain Konfigurasi dan Efisiensi Kelompok Tiang ................. 6-5 6.1.5 Efisiensi dan daya dukung kelompok tiang .............................. 6-6

6.1.6 Kontrol beban maksimum tiang ................................................ 6-7 6.1.7 Kontrol geser pons dari kolom .................................................. 6-8

6.2 Pondasi Tiang Dengan Tumpuan Elastis ............................................ 6-10

6.2.1 Penulangan Pile cap ................................................................ 6-14 6.2.2 Penulangan Bore pile .............................................................. 6-14

BAB 7 Rencana Anggaran Biaya............................................................................. 7-1 7.1 Data Umum Proyek .............................................................................. 7-1

7.2 Jenis-jenis Pekerjaan Di Proyek ........................................................... 7-1 7.3 Menentukan Harga Satuan Pekerjaan ................................................... 7-1 7.4 Menghitung jumlah biaya pekerjaan .................................................... 7-2

7.5 Rekapitulasi .......................................................................................... 7-3

BAB 8 Kesimpulan dan Saran ................................................................................. 8-1 8.1 Kesimpulan ........................................................................................... 8-1 8.2 Saran ..................................................................................................... 8-3

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................. xii

vi

DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar 2.1 Peta Respons Spectra Percepatan 0,2 detik di Batuan Dasar Ss untuk

Probabilitas Terlampaui 2% dalam 50 tahun (redaman 5%) .......... 2-10 Gambar 2.2 Peta Respons Spectra Percepatan 1 detik di Batuan Dasar Ss untuk

Probabilitas Terlampaui 2% dalam 50 tahun (redaman 5%) .......... 2-10 Gambar 2.3 Spektrum Respons Desain ............................................................. 2-12

Gambar 2.4 Penampang untuk perhitungan Is dan Ib balok tepi ........................ 2-20 Gambar 2.5 Penampang untuk perhitungan Is dan Ib balok interior .................. 2-21 Gambar 2.6 Distribusi Tegangan Pada Penampang Kolom ............................... 2-22 Gambar 2.7 Diagram Interaksi P-M ................................................................... 2-23

Gambar 2.8 Distribusi Regangan dan Tegangan Beton pada Kondisi Ultimit .. 2-24 Gambar 2.9 Ketentuan Dimensi Penampang Balok........................................... 2-24 Gambar 2.10 Persyaratan Tulangan Lentur ....................................................... 2-25 Gambar 2.11 Kombinasi Lentur dan Persyaratan Minimum Kuat Lentur ......... 2-26

Gambar 2.12 Persyaratan Sambungan Lewatan ................................................ 2-26

Gambar 2.13 Persyaratan Tulangan Transversal .............................................. 2-27 Gambar 2.14 Geser Desain untuk Balok dan Kolom ......................................... 2-28

Gambar 2.15 Sambungan Lewatan Pada Kolom ............................................... 2-29 Gambar 2.16 Sketsa Tangga .............................................................................. 2-32 Gambar 2.17 Elevator Jenis 2 Unit .................................................................... 2-33

Gambar 3.1 Flow Chart ........................................................................................ 3-1 Gambar 3.2 Lokasi Hotel (Jalan Khatib Sulaiman no.47F, Padang) ................... 3-3

Gambar 3.3 Denah Lantai 1 ................................................................................. 3-4 Gambar 3.4 Denah Lantai 2 ................................................................................ 3-4

Gambar 3.5 Denah Lantai 3 ................................................................................. 3-4 Gambar 3.6 Denah Lantai 4-9 .............................................................................. 3-5

Gambar 3.7 Gambar Denah Lantai Atap ............................................................. 3-5 Gambar 3.8 Gambar Potongan B ......................................................................... 3-5 Gambar 3.9 Gambar potongan A ......................................................................... 3-6 Gambar 3.10 Tampak Depan ............................................................................... 3-6

Gambar 3.11 Tampak Samping ........................................................................... 3-7 Gambar 3.12 Tampak Belakang .......................................................................... 3-7 Gambar 3.13 Pembalokan Lantai 2 ...................................................................... 3-8 Gambar 3.14 Pembalokan Lantai 3 ...................................................................... 3-8 Gambar 3.15 Pembalokan Lantai 4-9 .................................................................. 3-9

Gambar 3.16 Pembalokan Lantai Atap ................................................................ 3-9 Gambar 3.17 Pembalokan Atap ........................................................................... 3-9 Gambar 3.18 Penampang Balok Induk .............................................................. 3-10

Gambar 3.19 Penampang Balok Kantilever ....................................................... 3-11 Gambar 3.20 Penampang Balok Anak ............................................................... 3-12 Gambar 3.21 Tebal Pelat Atap ........................................................................... 3-13 Gambar 3.22 Permodelan pelat pada lantai 7 .................................................... 3-14

Gambar 3.23 Permodelan Kolom ...................................................................... 3-19 Gambar 3.24 Penampang Kolom Persegi lantai 1-9 .......................................... 3-21 Gambar 3.25 Penampang Kolom Persegi Panjang lantai 1-9 ............................ 3-21

vii

Gambar 3.26 Permodelan Struktur 3D ............................................................... 3-21 Gambar 3.27 peta wilayah gempa ...................................................................... 3-27

Gambar 3.28 Kurva Respon Spektrum .............................................................. 3-28 Gambar 4.1 Scale Factor arah X .......................................................................... 4-1 Gambar 4.2 Scale Factor arah Y .......................................................................... 4-2 Gambar 4.3 Input Beban Mati Tambahan Plat Lantai ......................................... 4-2 Gambar 4.4 Input Beban Mati Tambahan Plat Lantai ......................................... 4-3

Gambar 4.5 Reaksi lift ......................................................................................... 4-3 Gambar 4.6 Aplikasi beban lift ............................................................................ 4-4 Gambar 4.7 Komponen tangga ............................................................................ 4-4 Gambar 4.8 Distribusi beban mati tambahan dan beban hidup pada tangga ....... 4-6 Gambar 4.9 Story Respon arah X ...................................................................... 4-17

Gambar 4.10 Story Respon arah Y .................................................................... 4-18 Gambar 5.1 Penampang Pelat .............................................................................. 5-8

Gambar 5.2 Penampang pelat ............................................................................ 5-11 Gambar 5.3 Diagram Momen akibat Beban Gravitasi, Gempa dan Kombinasi 5-15 Gambar 5.4 Momen yang Terbentuk pada Balok B43 dan B28 akibat Goyangan

Struktur ke Kiri. ............................................................................ 5-16

Gambar 5.5 Sketsa Penulangan Balok Muka Kolom Interior Kiri Atas ............ 5-17

Gambar 5.6 Sketsa Tinggi Efektif Balok (𝑑𝑡) ................................................... 5-19 Gambar 5.7 Sketsa Penulangan Balok Muka Kolom Interior Kiri Bawah ........ 5-20 Gambar 5.8 Sketsa Penulangan Balok Muka Kolom Interior Kiri Bawah ........ 5-23

Gambar 5.9 Sketsa Penulangan Balok Interior atas ........................................... 5-25 Gambar 5.10 Penulangan Balok Terhadap Lentur ............................................. 5-27 Gambar 5.11 Kuat Lentur Mungkin Maksimum (Mpr-1,2 dan Mpr-3,4) Balok B43

akibat Goyangan ke kanan........................................................... 5-28 Gambar 5.12 Beban, Momen Ujung, Dan Diagram Gaya Geser Balok B43 .... 5-31

Gambar 5.13 Sketsa Penulangan Hoop Berdasarkan SNI Pasal 21.5.3.2. ......... 5-34 Gambar 5.14 Sketsa Lokasi Penampang dengan Momen 487,737 kN-m pada balok

B43 Saat Mengalami Goyangan ke Kanan ................................ 5-38 Gambar 5.15 SNI Beton Pasal 12.12.3 mengharuskan setidaknya 1/3 tulangan tarik

momen negatif pada tumpuan. ................................................... 5-39 Gambar 5.16 Sketsa lokasi penampang dengan momen 487,737 kN-m pada balok

B43 saat mengalami goyangan ke kiri ....................................... 5-40

Gambar 5.17 Titik dengan Mu = 298,827 kN-m dan Zonasi Penamaan Tulangan

........................................................................................................................... .5-41

Gambar 5.18 Detailing Penulangan Lentur Balok ............................................. 5-42 Gambar 5.19 Detailing Penulangan Lentur dan Geser Balok ............................ 5-43

Gambar 5.20 Ilustrasi ɸMn Balok Akibat Goyangan Struktur ke Kanan .......... 5-46

Gambar 5.21 Diagram Interaksi Kolom Desain................................................. 5-47 Gambar 5.22 Sketsa Detailing Penampang Desain Kolom C11 ........................ 5-51

Gambar 5.23 Sketsa tulangan Laps Splices Pada Kolom .................................. 5-53 Gambar 5.24 Free-body Diagram Join .............................................................. 5-55 Gambar 5.25 Sketsa Shear Wall ........................................................................ 5-60

Gambar 5.26 Diagram Interaksi Dinding Geser P1 ........................................... 5-60 Gambar 5.27 Sketsa perhitungan respon 2000 .................................................. 5-62 Gambar 5.28 Nilai c berdasarkan respon 2000 .................................................. 5-62 Gambar 6.1Pengujian Hasil Penyelidikan Tanah ................................................ 6-2

viii

Gambar 6.2 Detailing Pondasi ............................................................................. 6-5 Gambar 6.3 Denah Pondasi .................................................................................. 6-6

Gambar 6.4 Distribusi tegangan pada pondasi dalam .......................................... 6-6 Gambar 6.5 Bidang kritis akibat pons dari kolom terhadap pile cap ................... 6-8 Gambar 6.6 Bidang kritis akibat pons dari kolom terhadap pile cap (Lanjutan) . 6-9 Gambar 6.7 Gambar pembebanan dan momen maksimum pada pile cap ......... 6-13 Gambar 6.8 Diagram interaksi kolom ke pondasi.............................................. 6-18

Gambar 6.9 Sketsa Penulangan .......................................................................... 6-19

ix

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 Beban Mati ......................................................................................... 2-3 Tabel 2.2 Beban Hidup ...................................................................................... 2-3 Tabel 2.3 Kategori Resiko Bangunan Gedung dan Non Gedung untuk Beban

Gempa ................................................................................................ 2-5 Tabel 2.4 Faktor Keutamaan Gempa ................................................................. 2-6

Tabel 2.5 Ketidakberaturan Horizontal Pada struktur ....................................... 2-7 Tabel 2.6 Ketidakberaturan Vertikal Pada struktur ........................................... 2-7 Tabel 2.7 Klasifikasi Situs ................................................................................. 2-9

Tabel 2.8 Klasifikasi Situs, 𝐹𝑎 (Pada Percepatan Batuan Dasar 0,2 Detik) ..... 2-11

Tabel 2.9 Klasifikasi Situs, 𝐹𝑣 (Pada Percepatan Batuan Dasar 1 Detik) ........ 2-11 Tabel 2.10 Kategori Desain Seismik Berdasarkan Parameter Respons Percepatan

Pada Periode Pendek ........................................................................ 2-13 Tabel 2.11 Kategori Desain Seismik Berdasarkan Parameter Respons Percepatan

Pada Periode Pendek ...................................................................... 2-13 Tabel 2.12 Faktor R, Cd dan Ω0 Untuk Sistem Penahan Gaya Gempa ............. 2-13

Tabel 2.13 Persyaratan untuk masing – masing tingkat yang menahan lebih dari 35

persen gaya geser dasar .................................................................... 2-14

Tabel 2.14 Koefisien Untuk Batas Atas Pada Perioda yang Dihitung ............... 2-15

Tabel 2.15 Nilai Parameter Perioda Pendekatan 𝐶𝑡 dan x ................................. 2-15

Tabel 2.16 Simpangan Antar Lantai Ijin, ∆α α,b ............................................... 2-17 Tabel 2.17 Tebal Minimum Balok Non-Pratekan atau Pelat Satu Arah Bila

Lendutan Tidak Dihitung .............................................................. 2-18 Tabel 2.18 Tebal minimum pelat tanpa balok interior ....................................... 2-19

Tabel 2.19 Standar Dimensi Dan Reaksi Elevator ............................................. 2-34 Tabel 3.1 Tebal Minimum Balok Non-Pratekan atau Pelat Satu Arah Bila Lendutan

Tidak Dihitung................................................................................ 3-12 Tabel 3.2 Nilai perhitungan N-Spt titik 1 .......................................................... 3-23

Tabel 3.3 Nilai perhitungan N-Spt titik 2 .......................................................... 3-24 Tabel 3.4 Nilai perhitungan N-Spt titik 3 .......................................................... 3-24 Tabel 3.5 Kategori Desain Seismik Berdasarkan Parameter Respons ............... 3-28 Tabel 3.6 Kategori Desain Seismik Berdasarkan Parameter Respons ............... 3-29 Tabel 3.7 Terminologi resiko gempa seismik .................................................... 3-29

Tabel 3.8 Faktor Koefisien Modifikasi Respons, Faktor Kuat Lebih Sistem, ... 3-30 Tabel 4.1 Spesifikasi lift Hyundai Elevator ......................................................... 4-3 Tabel 4.2 Ketidakberaturan gedung secara horizontal ......................................... 4-6 Tabel 4.3 Perhitungan ketidakberaturan torsi arah X .......................................... 4-7 Tabel 4.4 Perhitungan ketidakberaturan torsi arah Y .......................................... 4-7

Tabel 4.5 Ketidakberaturan gedung secara horizontal (Lanjutan) ....................... 4-7 Tabel 4.6 Ketidakberaturan gedung secara vertikal ............................................. 4-9

Tabel 4.7 Ketidakberaturan gedung secara vertikal (Lanjutan) ......................... 4-10 Tabel 4.8 Ketidakberaturan gedung secara vertikal (Lanjutan) ......................... 4-11 Tabel 4.9 Modal Partisipasi Massa .................................................................... 4-12 Tabel 4.10 Periode dari analisis software Etabs ................................................ 4-12 Tabel 4.11 Koefisien untuk batas atas pada perioda yang dihitung ................... 4-13

x

Tabel 4.12 Nilai parameter perioda pendekatan Ct dan x .................................. 4-13 Tabel 4.13 Gaya Statik dan dinamik .................................................................. 4-15

Tabel 4.14 Penentuan simpangan Ijin ................................................................ 4-16 Tabel 4.15 Story Drift Maksimum ..................................................................... 4-16 Tabel 4.16 Story Drift Maksimum ..................................................................... 4-17 Tabel 5.1 Moment Envelope pada Balok Akibat Beban Gravitasi dan Beban Gempa

.......................................................................................................... 5-16

Tabel 5.2 Luas Tulangan Desain Muka Kolom Interior Kiri Bagian Atas ........ 5-17 Tabel 5.3 Luas Tulangan Desain Muka Kolom Interior Kiri Bagian Bawah .... 5-20 Tabel 5.4 Luas Tulangan Desain Balok Interior Bawah .................................... 5-22 Tabel 5.5 Luas Tulangan Desain Balok Interior Atas ........................................ 5-25 Tabel 5.6 Konfigurasi Penulangan Dan Kapasitas Momen Penampang Balok . 5-29

Tabel 5.7 Gaya geser di muka kolom interior kiri dan kanan ............................ 5-31 Tabel 5.8 Luas Tulangan Geser (Av) pada Sendi Plastis ................................... 5-33

Tabel 5.9 Luas Tulangan Geser (Av) pada Luar Sendi Plastis .......................... 5-34 Tabel 5.10 Rangkuman Perhitungan Pemeriksaan Ulang Kapasitas Momen

Penampang di Zona Sendi Plastis ................................................. 5-36 Tabel 5.11 Konfigurasi Penulangan Positif Pada Balok .................................... 5-40

Tabel 5.12 Konfigurasi Penulangan Dan Kapasitas Momen Penampang Balok5-43 Tabel 5.13 Desain Tulangan Longitudinal ......................................................... 5-45

Tabel 5.14 Desain Tulangan Hoop .................................................................... 5-47 Tabel 5.15 Desain Tulangan Trasfersal untuk Confinement ............................. 5-54 Tabel 5.16 Rekapitulasi Penulangan Kolom ...................................................... 5-56

Tabel 5.17 Rekapitulasi Penulangan Kolom (Lanjutan) .................................... 5-56 Tabel 6.1 Perkiraan besarnya harga ksv untuk beberapa jenis tanah .................. 6-11

Tabel 6.2 Korelasi antara qu – NSPT (Terzaghi & Peck 1967) ......................... 6-11 Tabel 6.3 Modulus Of Subgrade Reaction arah vertikal (ksv) ............................ 6-11

Tabel 7.1 Harga upah ........................................................................................... 7-2 Tabel 7.2 Harga bahan ......................................................................................... 7-2 Tabel 7.3 Jumlah biaya pekerjaan ........................................................................ 7-2

Tabel 7.4 Rekapitulasi biaya ................................................................................ 7-3

xi

DAFTAR SINGKATAN DAN LAMBANG

SINGKATAN NAMA Pemakaian

pertama kali

pada halaman

SRPMK Sistem Rangka Pemikul Momen Khusus 1

Lambang

E Pengaruh Beban Gempa 5

𝐸ℎ Pengaruh Beban Gempa Horizontal 6

𝐸𝑣 Pengaruh Beban Gempa Vertikal 6

QE Pengaruh gaya Gempa Horizontal dari V atau Fp 6

Ρ Faktor redundasi 6

SDS Parameter percepatan Spektrum respons desain

pada periode pendek

6

D Pengaruh beban Mati 6

SD1 Parameter percepatan Spektrum respons desain

pada periode 1 detik

13

T Periode getar fundamental struktur 13

𝐶𝑣𝑥 faktor distribusi vertikal 16

V Gaya lateral desain total atau geser di dasar

struktur (W) (KN)

17

𝐿𝑛 Bentang bersih 23

B Lebar penampang 23

H Tinggi penampang 23

Mu Momen Ultimate yang terjadi 24

Ø Faktor reduksi lentur 24

J Koef. lengan momen 24

D Tinggi efektif balok 24

Ve gaya geser ultimate 25

𝑀𝑝𝑟1 probable moment di perletakan 1 akibat goyangan

ke kiri ( atau kanan )

25

𝑀𝑝𝑟2 probable moment di perletakan 2 akibat goyangan

ke kiri ( atau kanan )

25

𝑊𝑢 pengaruh beban gravitasi 25

Pa Daya dukung izin tekan tiang 32

qc 20 N, untuk silt/clay, 40 N, untuk sand. 32

N Nilai N SPT 32

Ap Luas penampang tiang 32

Ast Keliling penampang tiang 32

li Panjang segmen tiang yang ditinjau 32

Fi Gaya geser pada selimut segmen tiang 32

𝜎′b Tegangan tekan izin bahan tiang 33

Pta Daya dukung izin Tarik 33

Wp Berat pondasi 33

Np Jumlah tiang 33

xii

P Gaya aksial yang terjadi 33

Pall Daya dukung izin tiang 33

Eg Efisiensi kelompok tiang 34

𝜃 arc tg (D/s) (derajat) 34

Pmaks Beban maksimum tiang 34

Pu Gaya aksila yang terjadi (terfaktor) 34

My Momen yang bekerja tegak lurus sumbu y 35

Mx Momen yang bekerja tegak lurus sumbu x 35

Xmax Jarak tiang arah sumbuh X terjauh 35

Ymax Jarak tiang arah sumbuh Y terjauh 35

Nx Banyak tiang dalam satu baris arah sumbu x 35

Ny Banyak tiang dalam satu baris arah sumbu y 35