BAB 3DATUM

Theory of DatumDatum measurement is a key requirement for

any new measure to enable the determination of measure and value of basic planimetri coordinates.(Datum ukuran adalah satu keperluan utama bagi setiap ukuran baru untuk membolehkan penentuan asas planimetri ukuran dan nilai koordinat)

Each cadastral surveys must be based upon a datum of adequate / satisfactory (Setiap ukuran kadaster mestilah berdasarkan kepada datum yang mencukupi / memuaskan)

Condition Datum for Peninsular M’sia

i. Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM) of positioning as follows:

a) At least two new marks of CRM and the distance not less than 30 meters made simultaneous observations by MyRTKnet method of the first mark and static methods for the second mark(Sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda CRM baru yang berjarak tidak kurang daripada 30 meter di buat cerapan serentak dengan kaedah MyRTKnet bagi tanda pertama dan kaedah statik bagi tanda kedua) or,

b) At least two marks of CRM and the distance not less than 30 meters made simultaneous observations with static methods for the two marks.(Sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda CRM yang berjarak tidak kurang dari 30 meter dibuat cerapan serentak dengan kaedah statik bagi kedua-dua tanda)

c) At least two new marks of CRM and the distance not less than 30 meters made observations with MyRTKnet method for the two marks in one initialization(sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda CRM baru yang berjarak tidak kurang daripada 30 meter dibuat cerapan dengan kaedah MyRTKnet bagi kedua-dua tanda dalam satu initialisasi)

d) At least two new marks of the CRM and the distance not less than 75 meters made observations with MyRTKnet real time method for the two marks in are two initialization(sekurang-kurangnya dua tanda CRM baru yang berjarak tidak kurang daripada 75 meter dibuat cerapan dengan kaedah MyRTKnet masa hakiki bagi kedua-dua tanda dalam dua initialisasi)

e) If two marks are used, the old CRM marksmust prove itself and third marks must measure of angle and distance from either old CRM or NDCDB nearby

(sekiranya dua tanda CRM lama digunakan maka tanda-tanda tersebut hendaklah dibuktikan kedudukannya dengan tanda ketiga dengan ukuran sudut dan jarak sama ada dari CRM lama atau NDCDB berhampiran)

ii. Two mark measure of NDCDB which is not less than 40 meter where the original position of the marks have been proved by direct measurement or traverse, and calculation, together with solar observations for azimuth and MyRTKnet observations(Dua tanda ukuran dari NDCDB yang berjarak tidak kurang daripada 40 meter yang mana kedudukan asal tanda-tanda tersebut telah dibuktikan dengan ukuran terus atau terabas dan hitungan, beserta dengan cerapan astonomi untuk azimuth dan cerapan MyRTKnet)

iii. The two mark adjacent measure of a true position of NDCDB and substantiated by a third mark using angle and distance or traverse and in the original position.(Dua tanda ukuran bersebelahan dari NDCDB yang diperakui kedudukannya dan dibuktikan dengan tanda ketiga dengan ukuran sudut dan jarak atau dengan terabas dan berada dalam kedudukan asal)

Datum

3

12

4

21

Boundary line

Traverse line

Batu (tanda) sempadan (CRM)

Picket

Matahari/ sun

Condition Datum for Sabah

Datum shall be two marks of a former survey adequate technical value proved by measurement ( or by traverse and calculation) and by astronomical observation for azimuth, or by angular and linear measurement to a third such mark, to be in their original position.

Condition Datum for Sarawak according to the Article 17 (ii) Sarawak Survey Regulations

Three traverse points or boundary pegs, the connecting lines having been previously observed and chained. This datum will be checked by theodolite observations to 2 stations from intermediate third station and a linear measurement of at least one line.

Condition Datum for Sarawak according to the Article 17 (ii) Sarawak Survey Regulations (cont…)

Two traverse points or boundary pegs with the connecting line having been previously observed and measured. This datum will be checked by linear measurement of the line used and by observation for azimuth as demonstrated in 4.04.02.18

"grid north" means the north is parallel to the vertical grid referenced on a cadastral map.

("utara grid" bermakna arah utara yang selari dengan grid tegak dirujuk kepada sesuatu peta kadaster.)

"Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM)" means the Station Reference Mark GDM2000 Cadastral coordinates adopted for the purpose of adjustment of cadastral data ("Cadastral Reference Mark (CRM)" bermakna stesen Tanda Rujukan Ukur Kadaster berkoordinat GDM2000 yang diterima pakai untuk tujuan pelarasan data ukur kadaster)

DEFINITION OF TERMS IN CADASTRAL SURVEY

"azimuth" means the line is measured by the horizontal angle from true north with clockwise;("azimut" bermakna arah garisan diukur berasaskan sudut ufuk dari arah utara benar mengikut pusingan jam)

"bearing" means the line is measured by the angle from the horizontal direction grid north with clockwise;("bearing" bermakna arah garisan diukur berasaskan sudut ufuk dari arah utara grid mengikut pusingan jam)

DEFINITION OF TERMS IN CADASTRAL SURVEY

"Geocentric Datum Malaysia (GDM2000)" means the datum in which the coordinate system is based on the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000. (“Datum Geosentrik Malaysia (GDM2000)” bermakna datum di mana sistem koordinatnya adalah berasaskan International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000)

All measurements are in Peninsular Malaysia should be used Cassini Coordinate System and the RSO Geocentric System used for the Federal Territory of Labuan. (Semua pengukuran di Semenanjung Malaysia mestilah menggunakan Sistem Koordinat Cassini Geosentrik manakala Sistem RSO Geosentrik digunakan bagi Wilayah Persekutuan Labuan.)

DEFINITION OF TERMS IN CADASTRAL SURVEY

“NDCDB" means National Digital Cadastral Database(“NDCDB)” bermakna Pangkalan Data Ukur Kadaster Berdidit

Distance as a datum line shall exceed 30 meter and fulfill displacement limit allowed. (Jarak garisan sebagai datum hendaklah melebihi 30 meter dan memenuhi had anjakan yang dibenarkan)

DEFINITION OF TERMS IN CADASTRAL SURVEY

Limit Datum

To ensure that the stone /boundaries mark are

not moved and are in good condition in its

original position, the review should be done at

the position of the bearing and distance not to

exceed as stipulated in the Survey:Untuk memastikan bahawa batu/ tanda sempadan lama yang

digunakan tidak berganjak dan berada dalam keadaan baik pada

kedudukan asalnya semakan perlu dilakukan pada kedudukan

terhadap bering dan jarak supaya tidak melebihi seperti yang

dinyatakan dalam Peraturan Ukur:

Limit Datum

First Class SurveyLines not exceeding 40 meters, 01 minutes in the bearings, 0.01 m in distance

Garisan tidak melebihi 40 meter, 01 minit dalam bering, 0.01 meter dalam jarak

Lines over 40 meters, 30” in the bearings, 0.005 meters in distance

Garisan melebihi 40 meter, 30” dalam bering, 0.005 meter dalam jarak

Second Class Survey

Lines not exceeding 40 meters, 2’ in the bearings and 0.02 in distance

Garisan tidak melebihi 40 meter, 2’ dalam bering; 0.02 meter dalam jarak

Lines over 40 meters, 30” in the bearings and 0.004 in distance

Garisan melebihi 40 meter, 30” dalam bering; 0.04 meter dalam jarak

Limit Datum

Second Class Survey

Lines not exceeding 40 meters, 2’ in the bearings and 0.02

in distance

Garisan tidak melebihi 40 meter, 2’ dalam bering; 0.02 meter dalam jarak

Lines over 40 meters, 30” in the bearings and 0.004 in

distance

Garisan melebihi 40 meter, 30” dalam bering; 0.04 meter dalam jarak

There are 3 azimuth. It is:

a) Certified Azimuth by solar observation

b) Certified Azimuth from solar observation

c) Certified Azimuth as original

AZIMUTH

a) Certified Azimuth by solar observation

A certified boundary lines bearing by solar observation

(Bering garisan sempadan yang diakui benar melalui cerapan matahari)

AZIMUTH

b) Certified Azimuth from solar observation

A certified bearing from solar observation using RO from bearing traverse which it’s use to calculate boundary lines.

(Bering cerapan matahari daripada garisan terabas yang kemudian digunakan untuk menghitung garisan sempadan dan diakui benar)

AZIMUTH

c) Certified Azimuth as original

A certified bearing from boundary lines same as Certified Plan or Pre-Computation Plan.

(Garisan sempadan yang diakui benar seperti asal iaitu sama seperti dalam Pelan Akui atau Pelan Pra-hitungan)

AZIMUTH

1. List the types of azimuth

2. State the meaning of Grid North, Azimuth and bearing

3. State the condition datum for Sabah

4. List 3 condition datum for Peninsular Malaysia

TUTORIAL/ EXERCISE

THANK YOU