bab 01 pendahuluan fo.pdf

8/10/2019 Bab 01 PENDAHULUAN FO.pdf

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SISTEM KOMUNIKASI

Sistem komunikasi terdiri atas

Sumber informasi

Transmitter

Receiver Media transmisi (wired dan wireless)

Komunikasi masa mendatang adalah

komunikasi multimedia yang membutuhkanhigh bandwidth dan high bit rate

Jaringan backbone pita lebar


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KEUNGGULAN FO

Low transmission loss and wide bandwidth

Small size and weight

Immunity to interference (electromagneticinterference, EMI and electromagnetic pulse,

EMP)

Electrical isolation Signal security

Abundant raw material


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KEUNGGULAN FO

Kapasitas FO pada SONET (Mbps)

OC-1 51,84

OC-3 155,52

OC-9 466,56 OC-12 622.08

OC-18 933,12

OC-24 1244,16 OC-36 1866,24

OC-48 2488,32


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Pengembangan Jaringan Backbone

untuk Mendukung Layanan Multimedia


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Broadband pengertian

Layanan Broadband: trend perkembanganlayanan broadband di dunia dan Indonesia,

jenis dan kebutuhan bandwidth yangdbutuhkan

Pemilihan technology sebagai backbone yang

paling sesuai Pembahasan technology

Kesimpulan


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Indonesia Snapshot (E/2006) Population: 220 mio

GDP per Capita: 1,500 US$

Fixed line : 8.9 million lines

GSM: 58 million subs

CDMA: 7.9 million subs

In Indonesia market, wireless has become the dominant technology to deliverbasic telecommunication services

Fixed operator: Telkom, Indosat

GSM operator: Telkomsel, Indosat, Excelcom,Hutchison, Lippotel (GSM/UMTS)

CDMA operator: Telkom, Indosat, Mobile-8,Bakrie Telecom, Sampoerna, WIN


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Global market growth projected at 5%CAGR to 2010

8

Global Telco Revenues by Technology ($US B)

PSTN Voice

Broadband VoIP

Mobile(all spend, excl data)

Data Broadband Revenues

Data Mobile Revenues

-1.0% -6.5%

56.3% 10.0%

3.8% 2.7%

18.8% 3.4%

12.4% 7.2%

4.8% 1.2%

CAGR

(05-10)

CAGR

(10-15)

Notes: Data mobile revenues exclude rental and include all non voice revenues (data, messaging etc)Source: Ovum 2006, A.T. Kearney Analysis


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11

Indonesia, US$5.07,

ranks 47th

Source : ITU Internet Reports 2005


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What is Broadband

Broadband =high-speed Internet, because it usually has a highrate of data transmission contrary to dial up access viamodem

ITU-T recommendation I.113 : broadband as a transmissioncapacity that is faster than primary rate ISDN, at 1.5 to 2

Mbit/s. The FCC : broadband is 200 kbit/s (0.2 Mbit/s) in one

direction, and advanced broadband is at least 200 kbit/s inboth directions.

The Organization for Economic Co-operation andDevelopment (OECD) : as 256 kbit/s in at least one directionand this bit rate is the most common baseline that ismarketed as "broadband" around the world.


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Why Broadband?

Increase demand of information shares :

High speed data

High resolution images

Video

Service Convergence

Internet and voice in a row

Interactice TV

Triple play

IP dominance


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14

Global Market Trend

Business Trend

Full Competition

Disruptive Technology

Increasing Customer Churn to Competitors

35% Reduced ARPU 30% annual

Global drop in rates by 50 %.

Reduced Profits 50% reduction on existing

services

Reduced Revenues by 25%

Reduced Customer Loyalty

Price driven competition

Source : NGN Project


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15

Why POTS is In Decline - ASIA PACIFIC Region

ASIA-PACIFIC REGION

The residential telephony market is likely to

face a decline in revenues due to increased

adoption of fixed-to-mobile substitution

(FMS) and IP telephony. Mobile

communications is an imminent threat to

residential telephony in Asia Pacific but the

impact will vary from market to market. Inmarkets with high mobile and broadband

penetrations such as Japan, South Korea,

and Hong Kong, FMS is expected to have

more impact on average revenue per user

(ARPU) instead of subscriber base. In

markets with low broadband penetrations,

end users seem to opt for mobile phones for

voice communications, potentially forgoing

the need for fixed-line voice communication

altogether.

(Frost & Sullivan Research Paper entitled

Asia Pacific Residential Telephony Markets

30 June 2006)

KOREA (KOREA TELECOM)

The fixed-line telephone service showed an overall sales

decrease due to subscriber loss and a decline in traffic

The land to mobile interconnection service recorded a sales

decline of 10.1% to KRW 1.871 billion, attributable primarily

to a 2.2% land to mobile interconnection fee reduction

(Korea Telecom 2004 Annual Report )

MALAYSIA (TELEKOM MALAYSIA)

Fixed line services comprise business telephony (which also

includes ISDN, payphone,

Interconnect, international inpayment), residential telephonyand data services. This segment recorded 7.4% decrease in

revenue from RM6,985.0 million recorded in 2004 to

RM6,466.8 million in 2005 resulting from continued migration

from fixed services to cellular and VoIP related services as well

as higher discounts given to combat stiff competition.

(Telekom Malaysia 2005 Annual Report)


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18

Availability of Ongoing and Planning Broadband Access

TAHUN D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 TOTAL

2004 - 18,784 - - 9,400 - - 28,184

2005 17,184 103,386 29,000 7,578 59,000 12,001 9,331 237,480

2006 84,564 155,685 75,890 67,867 110,880 28,001 41,010 563,897

2007 51,743 197,831 47,394 32,796 54,570 33,006 39,898 457,238

2008 119,323 441,515 88,745 86,569 109,507 64,676 104,809 1,015,144TOTAL/DIVRE 272,814 917,201 241,029 194,810 343,357 137,684 195,048 2,301,943

Existing

Targeted in 2008

Recently, ADSL broadband access

had already been delivered to the customers over 25 cities in Indonesia (dispersedover 7 Divres).

Source : telkom


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What applications?Which Multimedia application are you likely to deploy?


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Wireline vs Wireless : bandwidth


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Global Market Trend

21

New data & internet services demand are growing in

very fast rate; thus they create the development ofnew hassle free and more user friendly services.

The needs for Triple Play Services (conference, push-to-

any Media (Universal Messaging Service), Online

multiplayer games, data streaming, etc) are growing.

High bandwidth will be needed for video streaming

MARKET MATURITY IN THE WORLD

(Pyramid Research)

localvoice DLD ILD (OUTGOING)

pav TV

INITIAL GROWTH LATE GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE

MATURITY LEVEL

interactive

TV

hosting &

applications

diap-up

internet

Corporate

Wireless Data

Applications

INTRODUCTION

broadband

internet datacoms

(private

circuit)

mobile

voice

mobile

internet

Currently, Cellular (mobile voice), Local dan Long Distance are

still Telcos cash cow product

The growth of those POTS products are continuously declining

but data & internet are rapidly growing to overlap the voice

traffic .

Datacom (private circuit), broadband internet and application

(content) are currently still in the initial growth; in the nearfuture they will expand very fast.

Bandwidth

Multiplayer Games

SMSC

Presence

IM & Chat PoC

Push-to-Any Media

Interactive Video

Conferencing

EmergingFuture

Video

Conferencing

MMSC

Full Duplex VoiceStreaming Text

Streaming Video

Ring Tone Downloads

Present

Music Downloads

LocationCDMA1X

1X EVDO

1X - DO

The Emerging of New Services

Product Life Cycle

Source : Internal Analysis


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New evolution Services

Source : Alcatel, 3G World Wireless Congress 2005


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23

Workshop Rencana Penyusunan Kebijakan

Broadband Wireless Dit. Jend Pos &

Telekomunikasi April 2006

. and the Roadmap to Multimedia


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Bandwidth Requirement for Full 3Play

Multimedia Services


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Technology Comparison Fixed - Wireless

Broadband technology Overview, Corninghal 15


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SDH and DWDM

TDM

PDH

SDH / SONET

Advantages

Framing Mapping

Network Elements

What is DWDM ?

Advantages Typical DWDM System

OMU, ODU, OUT, OA, OMON

Fiber Types


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Typical SDH/SONET network designs

2 / 8 / 34 / 140 Mbit/s

Point to point

Bus structure Ring structure

(preferred)

2 / 8 / 34 / 140 Mbit/s

STM-1

(155 Mbit/s)ATM

switch

LAN

ATM

switchSTM-1

(155 Mbit/s)

LAN

STM-N STM-NA Regenerator has the same speed on both input and output. It is

used to retime and amplify the line signal.

STM-N

A Terminal Multiplexer is used to connect lower speed PDH or

synchronous signals to a high speed communication link.

STM-NSTM-N

STM-NSTM-N-1140 Mbit/s34 Mbit/s2 Mbit/s

STM-NSTM-N-1

140 Mbit/s34 Mbit/s

2 Mbit/s

An Add/Drop Multiplexer is used to to add or drop lower speed

PDH or synchronous signals to a high speed communication link.

Has always at least two high speed connections.

A Digital Cross-connect can do everything the other network

elements can and has even greater flexibility.


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PDH transmission rates

139 264 kbit/s

564 992 kbit/s

34 368 kbit/s

8 448 kbit/s

2 048 kbit/s

274 176 kbit/s

6 312 kbit/s

97 728 kbit/s

397 200 kbit/s

64 kbit/s

ITU-TNorth AmericaJapan

x30x24

x4

x5 x7

x3

x4

x4

x4

x4

x4

x6

E1DS1, J1

E2

E3

E4

E5

DS2, J2

DS3

DS4

DS0, E0, J0

32 064 kbit/s 44 736 kbit/s

1 544 kbit/s


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Multiplexing Technique

Multiplexing is a method to aggregate low speed

traffic onto a high speed communication link.

Multiplexing techniques:

Frequency Domain Multiplexing (FDM) Each analogue channel is modulated using a different carrier

frequency

Time Domain Multiplexing (TDM)

Each digital channel is given its own time slot.Examples PDH, SDH and SONET

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM or DWDM)

Each channel is given its own optical wavelength (color)


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Advantages of SDH/SONET

High transmission rates ( currently up to 40 Gb/s)

Simplified add & drop function ADMs

High availability and flexibility through protection

High reliability through rings

Improved O&M through standardization

Multi-vendor interworking through standardization

Guarantees services down to PDH


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What Can SDH Transport

SDH AU contains payload (user data) Payload capacity = 2,340 bytes (149.76 Mbps)

STM-1 transports a single 139.264 Mbps (E-4) signal

Super-rate signals (> E-4) by concatenation STM-4c, STM-16c and STM-64c

Subrate signals by use of Tributary Units (TU) TU-11 (1.728 Mbps) for DS-1

TU-12 (2.304 Mbps) for E-1

TU-2 (6.912 Mbps) for DS-2

TU-3 (49.152 Mbps) for E-3 ATM cells by row multiplexing

Packets (e.g., IP) by row multiplexing


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SDH Layering and Network Equipment

Circuit

Switch

Circuit

SwitchSDH Terminal

MultiplexerSDH Terminal

MultiplexerSDH Add/Drop

Multiplexer

Repeaters Repeaters

Regenerator Sections Regenerator Sections

Multiplex Section Multiplex Section

Path

SDH Layering:Path Layer

Multiplex Layer

Regenerator

Layer

Photonic Layer

Construction of AU-n

Construction of STM-n

Management of STM-n Transmission

Electro-Optical Conversion


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SDH Network Configurations

Point-to-point configuration

SDH Terminal

MultiplexerSDH Terminal

MultiplexerRepeaters

Linear ConfigurationSDH Terminal

Multiplexer

SDH Terminal

MultiplexerRepeaters Repeaters

SDH Add/Drop

Multiplexer


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SDH Network Configurations

Protection ring configuration Ring of SDH add/drop multiplexers

Ring implementation choices: 2-fiber or 4-fiber

Unidirectional or bidirectional

Line switched or path switched

STM rate


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SDH multiplexing structure

STM-N AUG AU-4 VC-4

TUG-3

TUG-2

TU-3

TU-2

TU-12

VC-3

VC-2

VC-12

VC-11

C-4

C-3

C-2

C-12

C-11

N

1

3

AU-3 VC-3

3

1

7

3

1

Pointer processing

Multiplexing

Aligning

Mapping

Higher Order VC

Lower Order VC

E4

E3

DS3

DS2

E1

DS1

STM-0

1


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Automatic Protection Switching

SDH networks are high capacity systems

STM-64 = 121,000 voice telephone calls!

Failure requires instant restoration

SDH has Automatic Protection Switching (APS) Perhaps the most critical aspect of the technology

Linear networks use duplicate fiber(s) and sometimes

duplicate equipment for protection

Ring networks use duplicate fibers and a working and protectspan for protection

50 ms restoral time


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Multiplexing principle

A B C D A B C D A

A higher order signal is created by byte interleaving the payload from the lowerorder signals. De-multiplexing is done in the opposite way.

Frame rate of higher order signals as well as lower order signals are the same: 8

000 frames per second (125 s) The STM overhead bytes are not carried forward. The multiplexer adds new

overhead bytes in both directions

STM-4

4 x STM-1

STM-1A

STM-1

B

STM-1

C

STM-1

D

Bytes


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Common SDH Element Roles

Central Office

ADM

ATM

E-1,

E-3

COTRTE-1

SDH

Ring

E-1STM-1

SDH

Ring

COT

PBX

E-1

STM-1

ADM

ADM

ADM

ADM

ADM

DCS

DCS

DCS

TM

TSATSA

TSA

ADM - Add/Drop Mux

COS - Central Office SwitchCOT - Central Office Terminal

DCS - Digital Cross-Connect System

PBX - Private Branch Exchange

RT - Remote Terminal

TM - Terminal Mux

TSA - Terminal Service Adapter


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SDH Applications

POP Point of Presence

LDO Long Distance Office

CO Central Office

RT Remote Terminal

ONU Optical Network

Optical Fiber

Service Providers Customers

CO

LDO

COCO

POP

RTRT

RT

10 Gb/s (now)

40 Gb/s (future)

2.5 Gb/s, 622 Mb/s10 Gb/s (future)

155 Mb/s, 622 Mb/s

2.5 Gb/s (future)

LDO

Local, Interoffice

Access

ONU

Long Distance

Feeder

Distribution

(FITL)

CO


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TDM and DWDM

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

ElectricalOptical

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

Optical

Optical


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Optical Networking TechnologiesDense Wave Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

1

2

..

32

1

:

2

32

High bandwidth, multi-channel,

protocol independent data transport

over single fiber pair

Supports optical data protocols

including SONET, ESCON, FICON, Fibre

Channel, GigE, D1 Video, ETR/CLO, Fast

Ethernet, ISC.


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What is Dense Wave Division

Multiplexing (DWDM) ?

Dense Wave Division Multiplexing is a technology that utilizes the properties of refracted light to both combine and

separate optical signals based on their wavelengths

within the optical spectrum. The Greek letter lambda ( ) , is often used to designate individual wavelengths.

DWDM allows for a more efficient use of existing fiber by

providing multiple optical paths along a single pair

of fibers

DWDM allows for a greater range of protocol transmission

better suited than legacy network for data centric applications.

(Eg. GigE, ESCON, Fibre Channel, D1 video, ISC)


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WDM Advantages

.

.

.Z Mb/s

2.5 Gb/s

10 Gb/s

Y Mb/s

DWDM

Size of transport pipe dictated by bit rate

Limited capacity growth potential

Growth accomplished through infrastructure upgrades

Size of transport pipe independent of bit rate

Virtually unlimited capacity growth potential

Growth accomplished within established infrastructure

Optimum solution to keep pace with business growth

Traditional Capacity Expansions

N X 100 Gb/s

OC-48/

STM-16

OC-12/

STM-4

600 Mb/s

2.5 Gb/s

10 Gb/s

OC-192/

STM-64

Time Division Multiplexing

More Fiber

600 Mb/s

Increases bandwidth (speed and distance)

Does not require replacement or upgrade their existing legacy systems

Provides "next generation" technologies to meet growing data needsLess costly in the long run because increased fiber capacity is automatically available; don't have to upgrade all the time


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WDM Systems Definitions

OTU

OTU

OTU

OTU

OTU

O

M

U

OA OA OA OA

O

D

U

OTU

OTU

OTU

OTU

OTU

OA

OTU: Optical Translator Unit (Transponder)

OMU: Optical Multiplexor

OA: Optical AmplifierODU: Optical Demultiplexor


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SDH Summary

Multiple benefits

High-capacity, granular bandwidth

Powerful bandwidth management capabilities

Hierarchical pointer structure

Assured interoperability (standards-based)

Multiservice transport (protocol opaque)

APS supports millisecond fault tolerance Sophisticated OAM&P capabilities

Butis it enough bandwidth?


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Govts Role in Promoting Broadband(specifically in the term of backbone)

Creating right policy environtment by removing policy barriers

Formulating National, Regional, and Local Programmes

Broadband promotion campaign and educational backbone

Creating National Backbone infrastructure

Permitting Unlimited Competition

Encouraging International players to setup gateway in thecountry

Funding Community investment in Broadband in uneconomic

remote rural access Leveraging Govts own demand

Setting example by being online leader


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How to Build the Backbone

a) Establishing the backbone as a

commercial investment.

b) Backbone being established

through government assistance.

c) Establishment of the backbone

through roll-out conditions

Included in the license or

concession granted for operating

services in specified areas

d) Establishment of the backbone by

the government throughfinancing it, or by establishing it

itself through a government

entity > Korea


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Proyek Palapa Ring33 propinsi, 440 kota/kab, 1+7 Ring

Total SubMarine Cable

35,280 km

Total inLand Cable

21,807 kmKalimantan

Banda Aceh

Sabang

Medan

Palemban

g

Jakarta

Cirebon

Semarang

Surabaya

Ketapang

Gilimanuk

Karangasem

Mataram

Sumbawa

ReoMaumere

Larantuka

Kupang

Singkawang

oSampitBanjarmasin

Balikpapan

Samarinda

Tarakan

Palu

Batam

ManadoToli-toli

Gorontalo

Luwuk

Kendari

Ujungpandang

o

Sibolga

Meulaboh

Tapaktuan

Natal

Padang

Bengkulu

Kalianda

Belitung

o

Waingapu

Kalabahi

o

Merauke

o

oo

o

Biak

Nabire

Ambon

o

o

Saumlaki

oDoboo

Tual

o

o o

Manokwari

Salawati

Tobelo

o

Palopo

Sumatera

Jawa

Nusatenggara

Maluku

Pontianak

Atambua

Sulawesi

Papua


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Pengenalan Proyek

Palapa Ring telah diperkenalkan pada forumInfrastructure Conference and Exhibition (IICE) awalNovember 2006 di JHCC, jakarta

Perkiraan nilai proyek adalah USD 255.1 mio atau Rp.2.346 T.


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Masukan dari Calon Investor

Model bisnis yang cocok adalah konsorsium, karenaakan berdampak pada efisiensi CAPEX, efisiensi OPEXdan tarif yang terjangkau

Proyek ini sudah mendesak, sehingga perlu segeradirealisasikan.

Mengingat Indonesia Bagian Barat (IBB) sudah tergelarjaringan serat optik milik 4 penyelenggara,pembangunan diprioritaskan di Indonesia Bagian

Timur (IBT) Memberdayakan jaringan existing yang sudah

dibangun, sehingga akan menurunkan total costdariproyek secara keseluruhan


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SulawesiKalimantan

Banda Aceh

Sabang

Medan

Palemban

g

Jakarta

Cirebon

Semarang

Surabaya

Ketapang

Gilimanuk

Karangasem

Mataram

Sumbawa

ReoMaumereLarantuka

Kupang

Singkawang

oSampitBanjarmasin

Balikpapan

Samarinda

Tarakan

Palu

Batam

ManadoToli-toli

Gorontalo

Luwuk

Kendari

Ujungpandang

o

Sibolga

Meulaboh

Tapaktuan

Natal

Padang

Bengkulu

Kalianda

Belitung

o

Waingapu

Kalabahi

o

Merauke

o

oo

o

Biak

Nabire

Ambon

o

o

Saumlaki

oDoboo

Tual

o

o o

Manokwari

Salawati

Tobelo

oPalopo

Sumatera

JawaNusa Tenggara

Maluku - Papua

Pontianak

Atambua

to Thailand

to Perth, Australia

to Asia Pacific

to India

o

o

oo

oo

o

oo

o

o o

Jaringan FO Existing


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Barat

Over capacity

4 penyelenggara yang beroperasi Overlapping antar operator, dan

belum saling terintegrasi

Belum sepenuhnya konsep ring

Bandwidth price masih tinggi

Demand tinggi

Barat vs Timur

Timur

Belum terjangkau FO

Transmisi via Satelit kapasitasterbatas

Kontur kepulauan

Demand rendah


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Alternatif Model Bisnis

Infrastruktur disiapkan oleh satu/ beberapa Penyedia Jaringan

Penyedia Jaringan melayani sewa kapasitas jaringan dari para

operators lain berdasarkan komitmen bandwidth, kualitas, dan secara

per tahun, secara Single Point of Contact (SPOC)

Biaya Capex & Opex ditanggung oleh Penyedia Jaringan

Infrastruktur disiapkan oleh satu/ beberapa Penyedia Jaringan

Penyedia Jaringan melayani pembelian hak pakai kapasitas jaringan

dari para operators lain berdasarkan komitmen bandwidth, kualitas,

dengan jangka waktu tertentu (10-15 th) secara SPOC

Biaya Opex ditanggung oleh Pembeli IRU secara proporsional sesuai

kapasitas yang dibutuhkan.

Infrastruktur dibangun dan dioperasikan secara bersama oleh parapihak (parties) baik operators maupun pihak lain

Masing-masing party menanggung biaya investasi (Capex) dan

operasional (Opex) infrastruktur secara proporsional sesuai komitmen

kapasitas yang dibutuhkan

Infrastruktur dimiliki secara bersama dengan kepemilikan sesuai

dengan proporsi biaya investasi

Capacity Leased

IRU

(Indefeasible Right of Use)

Joint Investment


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Model Bisnis Barat & Timur

Alternatif Bisnis Model

BaratCapacity Leased atau

IRU

TimurJoint

InvestmentInterkoneksi

backbone


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Existing

Backbone

Operator

Existing

Backbone

Operator

Existing / New

Backbone

Operator

Construction O/M

Operator

Service Revenue

OperatorOther Operators

Capacity

Price

PEMERINTAH

RoW, License

Regulasi:

Ceiling Price

Interkoneksi

Kewajiban pembangunan menjangkau unserved area

Barat Capacity Leased / IRU

USERSUSERSUSERS


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Barat Capacity Leased / IRU

Isu Barat:

Isu Legacy

Isu Existing Backbone

Model Barat akan dikaji lebih detail,Model Timur akan diprioritaskanterdahulu


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Timur Joint Investment

PEMERINTAH

KONSORSIUMOperator

Financial

Institutions

Construction O/M

RoW, License

Investment

Loan Repayment

Service Revenue

OperatorOperator

Capacity

USERSUSERSUSERS


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Progress Update

Pemerintah memfasilitasi pembentukan konsorsiumPalapa Ring

Model bisnis berbeda untuk area yang berbeda, dimulaidari IBT dengan modeljoint investment.

Model bisnis konsorsium untuk IBT dalam tahap finalisasi.

Area IBB, (kasus cukup kompleks), penekan karena terkaitdengan jaringan eksisting dan isu legacy)World Bankmenyediakan technical assistance pada model bisnisuntuk IBB

Telah ditandatangani MoU 6 anggota Konsorsium (PTTelkom, PT Indosat, PT Excelcomindo Pratama, PT Bakrie

Telecom, PT Infokom Elektrindo, dan PT Powertek UtamaInternusa) dalam pembangunan Palapa Ring pada tanggal10 Nopember 2007 di Surabaya


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Palapa Ring Tahap1

(Eastern Ring)

Total new FO Cable

> 10.000 km

Total cost : Rp. 3 T


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Kritik pada Palapa Ring

Lisensi sudah dijaminkan pada konsorsium, namunmasih belum jelas bagaimana bentuk jaminan, fee

dan kewajiban pada pemegang lisensi.

Studi feasibilitas teknis dan finansial masih dalampenyelesaian, belum membahas sisi akses,

bagaimana caranya anggota non-konsorsium bisa

mengakses palapa ring dan dalam batasan apa.

Palapa ring masih membahas network backbonedomestic, belum membahasa global backbone


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Conclusion

Untuk bisa menyalurkan layanan broadband multimedia, optikmerupakan pilihan long term yang paling sesuai

Pada area barat infrastruktur memanfaatkan ring optik

eksisting sedangkan di area timur dengan proyek Palapa ring

Pada layer 2 dan 3 infrastruktur MPLS merupakan pilihan yangpaling tepat untuk digunakan mengingat

Any-to-any connectivity

Secure segmentation of network traffic

Class of service (CoS)


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REGULASI UNTUK MOBILE

MULTIMEDIA SERVICE DI MASA DEPAN


67/75

TOP 15 COUNTRIES


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TOP 10 PASAR 3G

Mobilitas dan Bandwidth menuju Broadband


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Mobilitas dan Bandwidth menuju Broadband

Mobile Communication


70/75

FIXED VS SELULAR DI INDONESIA


71/75

Fixed Broadband Market di Indonesia


72/75

TOTAL INDUSTRY REVENUE


73/75

Pendekatan dari Berbagai Segi


74/75

ISUE

AFFORDABILITY MOBILE SPAM

M-Commerce

MOBILE VIRTUAL NETWORK OPERATOR PRIVACY

Problem Roaming

Regulasi Konten

1. Hak cipta

2. Accessibility

K i


75/75

Konvergensi

Digitalisasi adalah nyata dan tersedia saat inimerupakan teknologi abadinformasi

Semua konten dapat dibentuk menjadi aliran data digital (bit-streams)

TV Digital TV esensinya merupakan suatu bit stream yang dapat dikodekan menjadivideo bergerak pada suatu layar monitor

Semua sistem transmisi digital dapat membawa bit streams Broadband, baik wireless dan fixed

Telepon Bergerak

TV Digital

Digital Audio Broadcasting

Sistem transmisi apapun dapat membawa konten dalam bentuk apapun

Data/Text/Gambar/Suara/Video Sistem TV Digital adalah salah satu pipa pembawa bit-bit data

Setiap jenis bit data merupakan representasi dari konten!

Referensi: Mr Ian Haynes Expert Australia

bab 01 pendahuluan fo.pdf

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