web 2.0 dalam penyampaian perkhidmatan maklumat

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Web 2.0 dalam Web 2.0 dalam Penyampaian Perkhidmatan Penyampaian Perkhidmatan

MaklumatMaklumatZulkefli Bin Mohd YusopZulkefli Bin Mohd Yusop

Fakulti Pengurusan Maklumat UiTMFakulti Pengurusan Maklumat UiTM

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Introduction : Web 2.0Introduction : Web 2.0

Inventor of the Web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee was asked Inventor of the Web, Sir Tim Berners-Lee was asked whether Web 2.0 was different to what might be whether Web 2.0 was different to what might be

called Web 1.0called Web 1.0

"Totally not. Web 1.0 was all about connecting people. It was an interactive "Totally not. Web 1.0 was all about connecting people. It was an interactive space, and I think Web 2.0 is of course a piece of jargon, nobody even space, and I think Web 2.0 is of course a piece of jargon, nobody even knows what it means. If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that is knows what it means. If Web 2.0 for you is blogs and wikis, then that is people to people. But that was what the Web was supposed to be all people to people. But that was what the Web was supposed to be all

along. And in fact, you know, this 'Web 2.0', it means using the along. And in fact, you know, this 'Web 2.0', it means using the standards which have been produced by all these people working on standards which have been produced by all these people working on

Web 1.0.”Web 1.0.”

(Laningham (ed.), developerWorks Interviews, 22nd August, 2006(Laningham (ed.), developerWorks Interviews, 22nd August, 2006.).)

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Introduction : Web 2.0Introduction : Web 2.0

• Numerous definitionsNumerous definitions• The term ‘Web 2.0’ was coined in 2004 by Dale The term ‘Web 2.0’ was coined in 2004 by Dale

Dougherty (Dougherty (a vice-president of Oa vice-president of O’R’Reilly Media Inc.)eilly Media Inc.)

• Tim O’Reilly (Tim O’Reilly (the founder of the companythe founder of the company))• What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business

Models for the Next Generation of SoftwareModels for the Next Generation of Software

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Introduction : Web 2.0Introduction : Web 2.0

• Describes seven principles: Describes seven principles: • The Web as platform, Harnessing collective The Web as platform, Harnessing collective

intelligence, Data is the next 'Intel inside', End intelligence, Data is the next 'Intel inside', End of the software release cycle, Lightweight of the software release cycle, Lightweight programming models, Software above the programming models, Software above the level of single device, and Rich user level of single device, and Rich user experiences.experiences.

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What is Web 2.0?What is Web 2.0?

• Web 2.0 encompasses a variety of different Web 2.0 encompasses a variety of different meanings that include an increased emphasis on meanings that include an increased emphasis on user generated content, data and content sharing user generated content, data and content sharing and collaborative effortand collaborative effort

• It is also together with the use of various kinds of It is also together with the use of various kinds of social software, new ways of interacting with web-social software, new ways of interacting with web-based applications, and the use of the web as a based applications, and the use of the web as a platform for generating, re-purposing and consuming platform for generating, re-purposing and consuming content. content.

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Web 2.0 Web 2.0 Characterist icsCharacterist ics

• ParticipationParticipation• StandardsStandards• DecentralizationDecentralization• OpennessOpenness• ModularityModularity• User ControlUser Control• IdentityIdentity

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ParticipationParticipation

• Every aspect of Web 2.0 is driven by participation. Every aspect of Web 2.0 is driven by participation. • The transition to Web 2.0 was enabled by the The transition to Web 2.0 was enabled by the

emergence of platforms such as blogging, social emergence of platforms such as blogging, social networks, and free image and video uploadingnetworks, and free image and video uploading

• These allowed extremely easy content creation and These allowed extremely easy content creation and sharing by anyone.sharing by anyone.

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StandardsStandards

• Standards provide an essential platform for Standards provide an essential platform for Web 2.0Web 2.0

• Common interfaces for accessing content and Common interfaces for accessing content and applications are the glue that allow integration applications are the glue that allow integration across the many elements of the emergent across the many elements of the emergent webweb

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DecentralizationDecentralization

• Web 2.0 is decentralized in its architecture, Web 2.0 is decentralized in its architecture, participation, and usage participation, and usage

• Power and flexibility emerges from Power and flexibility emerges from distributing applications and content over distributing applications and content over many computers and systems, rather than many computers and systems, rather than maintaining them on centralized systemsmaintaining them on centralized systems

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OpennessOpenness

• The world of Web 2.0 has only become The world of Web 2.0 has only become possible through a spirit of openness whereby possible through a spirit of openness whereby developers and companies provide open, developers and companies provide open, transparent access to their applications and transparent access to their applications and contentcontent

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ModularityModularity

• Web 2.0 emerges from manyWeb 2.0 emerges from many• Many components or modules that are Many components or modules that are

designed to link and integrate with others, designed to link and integrate with others, together building a wholetogether building a whole

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User ControlUser Control

• A primary direction of Web 2.0 is for users to A primary direction of Web 2.0 is for users to control the control the • content they createcontent they create• data captured about their web activities, and data captured about their web activities, and • their identitytheir identity

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IdentityIdentity

• Identity is a critical element of both Web 2.0 Identity is a critical element of both Web 2.0 and the future direction of the internetand the future direction of the internet

• We can choose to represent our identities We can choose to represent our identities across interactions, virtual worlds, and social across interactions, virtual worlds, and social networks.networks.

• We can also own and verify our real identities We can also own and verify our real identities in transactionsin transactions

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Services/ ApplicationsServices/ ApplicationsWeb 2.0Web 2.0

• BlogsBlogs• WikisWikis• Content TaggingContent Tagging• Multimedia SharingMultimedia Sharing• Content Syndication (RSS) Content Syndication (RSS) • Audio Blogging and PodcastingAudio Blogging and Podcasting• Latest Web 2.0 services & applicationsLatest Web 2.0 services & applications

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BlogsBlogs

““A simple webpage consisting of brief paragraph of A simple webpage consisting of brief paragraph of opinion, information, personal diary entries, links opinion, information, personal diary entries, links

(posts), arranged chronologically with the most recent (posts), arranged chronologically with the most recent first, in the style of an online journal.”first, in the style of an online journal.”

(Doctorow et al., 2002)(Doctorow et al., 2002)

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BlogsBlogs

• The term "weblog" was coined by Jorn Barger on 17 The term "weblog" was coined by Jorn Barger on 17 December 1997.December 1997.

• The short form, "blog," was coined by Peter Merholz, The short form, "blog," was coined by Peter Merholz, who jokingly broke the word WEBLOG into the who jokingly broke the word WEBLOG into the phrase WE BLOG in the sidebar of his blog phrase WE BLOG in the sidebar of his blog Peterme.com in April or May of 1999.Peterme.com in April or May of 1999.

• This was quickly adopted as both a noun and verb This was quickly adopted as both a noun and verb ("to blog," meaning "to edit one's weblog or to post to ("to blog," meaning "to edit one's weblog or to post to one's weblog")one's weblog")

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BlogsBlogs

• http://radar.oreilly.com/http://radar.oreilly.com/• http://www.blogger.com/http://www.blogger.com/• http://wordpress.com/http://wordpress.com/• http://www.facebook.comhttp://www.facebook.com

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WikisWikis

““A webpage or set of webpages that can be A webpage or set of webpages that can be easily edited by anyone who is allowed easily edited by anyone who is allowed

access”access”

(Ebersbach et al., 2006)(Ebersbach et al., 2006)

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WikisWikis

• Collaborative tool that facilitates the Collaborative tool that facilitates the production of a group workproduction of a group work

• It has editing, deleting, history, and rollback It has editing, deleting, history, and rollback function featuresfunction features

• Self moderationSelf moderation

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WikisWikis

• http://en.wikipedia.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/• http://wiki.oss-watch.ac.uk/http://wiki.oss-watch.ac.uk/• http://www.wikihow.com/http://www.wikihow.com/• http://www.twiki.org/http://www.twiki.org/• http://www.wikiineducation.com/http://www.wikiineducation.com/

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Content TaggingContent Tagging

• Enables users to create subject headings for Enables users to create subject headings for the objectthe object

• Allow users to add and change not only Allow users to add and change not only content (data), but content describing content content (data), but content describing content (metadata)(metadata)

• Users could tag the library’s collection and Users could tag the library’s collection and participate in the cataloging processparticipate in the cataloging process

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Multimedia SharingMultimedia Sharing

• Facilitate the storage and sharing of Facilitate the storage and sharing of multimedia contentmultimedia content

• Participate in the sharing and exchange of Participate in the sharing and exchange of multimedia by producing their own images, multimedia by producing their own images, audio, videos, photos, etc.audio, videos, photos, etc.

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Multimedia SharingMultimedia Sharing

• http://www.flickr.com/http://www.flickr.com/• http://www.fotopages.com/http://www.fotopages.com/• http://www.youtube.com/http://www.youtube.com/• http://eyespot.com/http://eyespot.com/• http://www.videojug.comhttp://www.videojug.com• http://www.apple.com/itunes/store/podcasts.htmlhttp://www.apple.com/itunes/store/podcasts.html• http://www.audblog.comhttp://www.audblog.com

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Content SyndicationContent Syndication

• RSS Feeds - provide users a way to RSS Feeds - provide users a way to syndicate and republish content on the websyndicate and republish content on the web

• Libraries are creating RSS Feeds for users to Libraries are creating RSS Feeds for users to subscribe to, including updates on new items subscribe to, including updates on new items in a collection, new services, and new content in a collection, new services, and new content in subscription databasesin subscription databases

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Audio Blogging and Audio Blogging and PodcastingPodcasting

• Efforts to add audio streams to early blogsEfforts to add audio streams to early blogs• Podcasts are audio recordings, usually in MP3 Podcasts are audio recordings, usually in MP3

format, of talks, interviews and lectures, which can be format, of talks, interviews and lectures, which can be played either on a desktop computer or on a wide played either on a desktop computer or on a wide range of handheld MP3 devices.range of handheld MP3 devices.

• Apple introduced the commercially successful iPod Apple introduced the commercially successful iPod MP3 player and its associated iTunes software, the MP3 player and its associated iTunes software, the process started to become known as podcastingprocess started to become known as podcasting

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Audio Blogging and Audio Blogging and PodcastingPodcasting

• A more recent development is the A more recent development is the introduction of video podcasts (sometimes introduction of video podcasts (sometimes shortened to vidcast or vodcast): the online shortened to vidcast or vodcast): the online delivery of video-on-demand clips that can be delivery of video-on-demand clips that can be played on a PC, or again on a suitable played on a PC, or again on a suitable handheld player(the more recent versions of handheld player(the more recent versions of the Apple iPod for example, provide for video the Apple iPod for example, provide for video playing)playing)

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Web 2.0 Web 2.0 TechnologiesTechnologies

• AggregationAggregation• AJAXAJAX• APIAPI• EmbeddingEmbedding• FolksonomyFolksonomy• MashupsMashups• RemixingRemixing

• RSSRSS• Ruby on RailsRuby on Rails• Tag CloudTag Cloud• TaggingTagging• Virtual ArchitectureVirtual Architecture• WidgetWidget• XMLXML

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AggregationAggregation

Bringing multiple content sources together into Bringing multiple content sources together into one interface or applicationone interface or application

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AJAXAJAX

(Asynchronous Javascript and XML) A (Asynchronous Javascript and XML) A combination of technologies that enables combination of technologies that enables

highly interactive web applications.highly interactive web applications.

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APIAPI

(Application Programming Interface) A defined (Application Programming Interface) A defined interface to a computer application or interface to a computer application or database that allows access by other database that allows access by other

applications.applications.

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EmbeddingEmbedding

Integrating content or an application into a web Integrating content or an application into a web page, while the original format is maintained.page, while the original format is maintained.

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FolksonomyFolksonomy

Rich categorization of information that is Rich categorization of information that is collectively created by users, through tagging collectively created by users, through tagging

and other actions. (taxonomy)and other actions. (taxonomy)

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MashupsMashups

Combination of different types of content or Combination of different types of content or data, usually from different sources, to create data, usually from different sources, to create

something newsomething new

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RemixingRemixing

Extracting and combining samples of content to Extracting and combining samples of content to create a new output. The term was originally create a new output. The term was originally

used in music but is now also applied to video used in music but is now also applied to video and other content.and other content.

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RSSRSS

(Really Simple Syndication) A group of formats (Really Simple Syndication) A group of formats to publish (syndicate) content on the internet to publish (syndicate) content on the internet

so that users or applications automatically so that users or applications automatically receive any updates.receive any updates.

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Ruby on RailsRuby on Rails

An open source web application framework that An open source web application framework that is frequently used in Web 2.0 website is frequently used in Web 2.0 website

developmentdevelopment

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Tag cloudTag cloud

• A visual depiction of tags that have been A visual depiction of tags that have been used to describe a piece of content, with used to describe a piece of content, with higher frequency tags emphasized to assist higher frequency tags emphasized to assist content comprehension and navigation.content comprehension and navigation.

• Typical tag clouds have between 30 and 150 Typical tag clouds have between 30 and 150 tags. The weights are represented using font tags. The weights are represented using font sizes or other visual clues.sizes or other visual clues.

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TaggingTagging

Attaching descriptions to information or content.Attaching descriptions to information or content.

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Virtual architectureVirtual architecture

The creation of avatars (alternative The creation of avatars (alternative representations of people), buildings, objects, representations of people), buildings, objects,

and other artifacts inside virtual spaces.and other artifacts inside virtual spaces.

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WidgetWidget

Small, portable web application that can be Small, portable web application that can be embedded into any web page.embedded into any web page.

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XMLXML

(eXtensible Markup Language) An open (eXtensible Markup Language) An open standard for describing data, which enables standard for describing data, which enables

easy exchange of information between easy exchange of information between applications and organizationsapplications and organizations

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Web 2.0 and Intellectual Web 2.0 and Intellectual Property RightsProperty Rights

• OwnershipOwnership• Re-useRe-use• ControlControl

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OwnershipOwnership

Who "owns" the content when it is Who "owns" the content when it is collaboratively created? The authors? The collaboratively created? The authors? The

university? The creators of the system?university? The creators of the system?

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Re-UseRe-Use

• Universities make considerable use of published Universities make considerable use of published materials in learning and teaching. These materials materials in learning and teaching. These materials may be in paper or electronic form. They include text may be in paper or electronic form. They include text books, academic papers, learning objects and pre-books, academic papers, learning objects and pre-prints.prints.

• When these are used in a Web 2.0 environment they When these are used in a Web 2.0 environment they may become visible to people outside the university, may become visible to people outside the university, which may breach current licensing arrangements, so which may breach current licensing arrangements, so that they may need to be reconsidered.that they may need to be reconsidered.

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ControlControl

• The nature and degree of control that The nature and degree of control that universities may wish to exert over content in universities may wish to exert over content in a Web 2.0 environment is, as discussed, a Web 2.0 environment is, as discussed, problematic because there are competing problematic because there are competing pressures to ensure that material is not illegal pressures to ensure that material is not illegal (eg defamatory or contravening IPR), and to (eg defamatory or contravening IPR), and to support academic freedomsupport academic freedom

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Web 2.0 & PreservationWeb 2.0 & Preservation

• One of the key functions of universities has One of the key functions of universities has been the preservation of information. been the preservation of information.

• Historically this has been done using Historically this has been done using published works and theses retained in a published works and theses retained in a library.library.

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Web 2.0 & PreservationWeb 2.0 & Preservation

• What is the authoritative version of an What is the authoritative version of an artifact? This is especially problematic where artifact? This is especially problematic where many people are contributing to it. many people are contributing to it.

• At what point does it become something that At what point does it become something that should be preserved? should be preserved?

• Should all the changes be preserved too?Should all the changes be preserved too?

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Web 2.0 & PreservationWeb 2.0 & Preservation

• What is the status of a work? What is the status of a work? • If it can always be changed then how can peer review If it can always be changed then how can peer review

(or similar processes) be used to determine the (or similar processes) be used to determine the work’s value and authority? work’s value and authority?

• How does preservation relate to the version(s) that How does preservation relate to the version(s) that were peer reviewed? were peer reviewed?

• And what is the scope of any such peer review?And what is the scope of any such peer review?

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Web 2.0 & PreservationWeb 2.0 & Preservation

• How can the content be preserved in a form in which How can the content be preserved in a form in which it can continue to be accessed? it can continue to be accessed?

• Technology is changing very fast, and while some Technology is changing very fast, and while some formats will be usable for a long time (HTML for formats will be usable for a long time (HTML for instance)instance)

• Others may not be. Will a MySQL database still be Others may not be. Will a MySQL database still be usable in 20 years on the hardware and operating usable in 20 years on the hardware and operating systems available then?systems available then?

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ConclusionConclusion

• Web 2.0 will have profound implications for librarians, Web 2.0 will have profound implications for librarians, learners and teachers in formal, informal, work-based learners and teachers in formal, informal, work-based and lifelong education. and lifelong education.

• Web 2.0 will affect how library and universities go Web 2.0 will affect how library and universities go about the business of education, from learning, about the business of education, from learning, teaching and assessment, through contact with teaching and assessment, through contact with school communities, widening participation, school communities, widening participation, interfacing with industry, and maintaining contact with interfacing with industry, and maintaining contact with alumnialumni

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Q & AQ & A

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Thank you!Thank you!