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TABLE OF CONTENT

TITLE PAGES

1.1 introduction 1

2.1 literature review 2

2.1.1 Definition of soil

2.1.2 Definition of soil erosion

2.1.3 Types of soil erosion

3.1 Soil erosion In Malaysia 3

3.1.1 Introduction of soil erosion in Malaysia

3.1.2 Issues related to soil erosion

3.2 Potential solution 5

4.1 Conclusion 7

5.1 References 8


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1.1 INTRODUCTION

According to Kevin Lynch and Gary Hack, site planning is the art of arranging structures on

the land and shaping the space between, an art linked to architecture, engineering, landscape

architecture, and city planning. Site planning also can be defined as a process which is

following the logical sequence and action in order to achieve the ultimate solution. The

process is started with the finding of problem to be solved. The problem usually related to

land use of the site. At this point, the designer has to identify the site and begins collecting

data related to the site and it surrounding area. The data will be process to determine the

strength, weakness, opportunities, and thread of the site.

Site investigation is a process consists of geological, geotechnical, and other relevant

information which might affect the development of the site. It is a must for any development

activities. The expert in planning or engineering which is related with development activity

will carry out site investigation. There are 4 methods to carry out site investigation which is

desk study and geotechnical advice, standard ground investigation, limited investigation

coupled with monitoring and the observation methods.

The development of the site in Malaysia is controlled by planning standard and guidelines.

Before any building is allowed being constructing, the site must go through several activitiesto make sure it is suitable for development. For example classification of soil may determine

the site can hold the weight of building and for safety purpose. The contain of soil is different

in certain area such as in high ground and near water bodies. From that point, site

investigation must be carry out by the expert. The flow of process will start with the activity

of soil sampling until laboratory test. Other aspect that needs to be considered is hydrology.

Some of the site consists of water activity such as water ways, river and lake. The building

cannot be constructing too near to water area. It is because the building may be risk to flood

tragedy or soil erosion. Another problem may occur is if water ways is cut off by building

construction, the water may flow deep to underground and slowly will cause landslide to the

area.

For the conclusion of introduction, throughout the process of completing this assignment, the

students should obtain many benefits such as skill of good observer to identified urban

planning issues and problems related to site planning. Site planning will be practised by

students in their future as a town planner.


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2.1 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1.1 DEFINITION OF SOIL

Soil is a thin layer of material on the Earth's surface in which plants have their roots. It ismade up of many things, such as weathered rock and decayed plant and animal matter. Soil is

formed over a long period of time. Soil Formation takes place when many things interact,

such as air, water, plant life, animal life, rocks, and chemicals.

http://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htm

2.1.2 DEFINITION OF SOIL EROSION

Soil is naturally removed by the action of water or wind. Soil erosion has been occurring for

some 450 million years, since the first land plants formed the first soil. Accelerated soil

erosion by water or wind may affect both agricultural areas and the natural environment, and

is one of the most widespread of today's environmental problems. Soil erosion affects a large

part of the Earth surface, and accelerated soil erosion is recognized as one of the main soil

threats, compromising soil productive and protective functions

soilerosion.net

2.1.3 TYPE OF SOIL EROSION

There are several ways of classifying erosion. One general way is to distinguish between

accelerated and geologic erosion. Geological erosion occurs where soil is in its natural

environment surrounded by its natural vegetation without human disturbance. Accelerated

erosion is a concept referring to an essentially natural process occurring at an increased rate

under conditions of ecological disequilibrium.

i. Splash erosionii. Sheet erosion

iii. Rill erosioniv. Gully erosionv. Stream channel erosion

vi. Tunnel erosionvii. Tillage erosion
http://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htmhttp://www.soilerosion.net/doc/extent_of_erosion.htmlhttp://www.soilerosion.net/doc/extent_of_erosion.htmlhttp://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htm


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3.1 SOIL EROSION IN MALAYSIA

3.1.1 INTRODUCTION TO SOIL EROSION IN MALAYSIA

Soil erosion is a common natural occurrence in Malaysia because of the particular

topography, soils and corresponding vegetation that predominate and the extensive rainfall

that the country experiences. However, due to rapid land use developments, accelerated soil

erosion is becoming a serious problem.

3.1.2 ISSUE RELATED TO SOIL EROSION

i. Improper drainage systemSome of the place in Malaysia does not have proper drainage system. It will cause

major devastating such as landslide and flash flood. Improper drainage will create

localized areas of saturated soils, which soften the soils and allow the foundation to

settle. Poor drainage can be due to the localized topography of the area. Sometimes

these drainage systems do not properly channel water away from a home, resulting in

pooling or paddling around the foundation.

The article in the star newspaper on 3 January 2010 state that improper drainage

system is a major problem to cause soil erosion in Taman Seri Desa, Bukit

Chendering. It is state that about 22 terrace house is at risk of landslide and soil

erosion is started a year before the date. The soil becomes worst when monsoon

season is start. Most of drainage is broke and need to be repair. As a town planner,

they must know what type of soil is suitable for development and identified the soil in

site. They also must plan drainage system properly and channel the water away from

the residential area.

Taman Seri Desa residential area

Source: apakataorang.blogspot.com


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ii. Unplanned developmentUnplanned development in this instance is development outside the existing legal

framework for legal settlement. It is solely dependent on the dominant legal or

enforceable policy that is in place.Development is needed to improve the quality ofhumans life in the aspects of economy, social, physical, technology and education.

Expansion of industries, transport network and other living conditions are carried out

at the expense of the environment when they are not properly planned and managed.

In order to construct the building, developer must go through deforestation process.

Deforestation is the act of clearing of the forest by cutting down trees for giving space

to the building. When trees are cut down, the soil surface is exposed directly to the

force of rainfall. The top most fertile layers gets washed away causing soil erosion.

The Highland Tower tragedy occurred on 11 December 1993 in Taman Hillview, Ulu

Klang, Selangor. The collapse of the building caused the deaths up to 48 people. The

main reason of the tragedy is soil erosion caused by the unplanned development.

Behind the building, there is small water ways known as East Creek. When the

building is being develop, they cut off the flow of water and replace by pipe system to

bypass the towers.

Unplanned development is clearly occurring in this development because any building

construction cannot be built near water ways. The soil near to water ways more

deeply moist and unsuitable for any development.

The graph show the number of landslides happen in Malaysia in a 34 years

Source: blogs.agu.org


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3.2. POTENTIAL SOLUTION

i. Follow the right site clearing processSite clearing process consist of cutting down trees, cut trees, pull out stumps, dump

the timber, wood burning and clearing the area. During the process, there is several

conditions that need to follow:

a) For the big area, site clearing process must be done stage by stage to avoid thelong term exposure of soil to erosion process.

b) Site clearing process is more suitable to be done during dry seasonc) Deforestation should only be done for the crops like vegetables, fruits, rubber

and palm oil. If the deforestation required to cut the big trees, selective cutting

down of trees is encouraged. Trees that are left will help protect the soil from

erosion.

d) When pull out the stumps, it is recommended to select the priority of pull itout. Some of the building construction doesnt need to clear a few stumps

because it can help to prevent the soil erosion

e) Wood burning process is occurring when it needed only. The left over woodsfrom cutting down process can help to withstand the erosion.

f)

The trees beside the water ways must be left undisturbed.ii. Build soil conservation structures

Soil conservation structures are effective to control the erosion. Proper drainage

system and structure can channel the water flow to safety area. Many structures is

build by grout the soil and use the nature things only like the soil itself, rock and

wood. There are several types of soil conservation structures:

a) Gutter structuresMove water from a more elevated part of soil to a lower-lying terrace

b) Tyre structureThese structures are not recommended unless great care is taken to stack tyre

properly. Fast-flowing water can cause any number of problems.

c) Small concrete structuresSmall concrete structures, brickwork or stone masonry can be used in small

gullies where the reefs are clearly exposed.

d) Bare spotsDivide by two type which is branches and loosening


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e) Stone stacksThe stones must be stacked correctly to enable them to absorb the force of the

water.

iii. Other solutionOther solution is probably enforcing the law of town planning act. Before this, the

development is more loose in term of follow the planning standard guidelines. After

the Highland Towers tragedy, local authority started to enforce the law and force the

developer to follow the guidelines.

Other than enforcing law, the planners should realizes that when he or she is taking

bribe, it will kill somebody life. Corruption in town planning world is worst day by

day. The attitude of planners which is selfish without thinking other people should be

change because when the planners fail to follow the guidelines; there will be tragedy

after the construction is completed.

Water flow from high ground

Source: http://mesra-alam-yapchin.blogspot.com


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4.1 CONCLUSION

Soil erosion is a serious problem in site planning. Development in area with soil

erosion risk is will affect the community of the area. For example, when landslide is

happen in particular area, the surrounding area is affect in term of economy. The

tourist is scare by the tragedy and trying to avoid the place. If there is resort or

landmarks, it will make the industry dropped and probably going to bankrupt. Beside

that, the existing residential area adjacent to the landslide will affect in term of house

sale. The developer of existing resident will face the loss of money. The tragedy will

make the people thing that the whole area not suitable to live in. So that they will

cancel their house payment and make the developer bankrupt because many house is

not being sold.

The Highland Tower tragedy cause by soil erosion

Source: animhosnan.blogspot.com


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5.1 REFERENCES

5.1.1 BOOKS AND REPORT

1. Kevin Lynch Gary Hack,1984. Site planning 3e2. Economic planning unit prime ministers department Malaysia , 2011. Malaysia the

millennium development goals at 2010

3. Kamarulain Bt Kamal, 1989. Aktiviti pembangunan perumahan dan kaitannyadengan kejadian hakisan tanah

4. Department of Agriculture Malaysia, 2000. Panduan pembangunan di tanah bercerun5. Shazarina Bt Hashim, 2009. Kajian hakisan tanah dan keberkesanan perangkap

sedimen di tapak pembinaan

5.1.2 INTERNET SOURCE

1. http://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htm2. soilerosion.net3. apakataorang.blogspot.com4.

blogs.agu.org

5. http://mesra-alam-yapchin.blogspot.com6. animhosnan.blogspot.com7. www.fairfaxcounty.gov8. http://apaorangkata.blogspot.com/2010/01/hakisan-tanah-di-taman-seri-desa-

bukit.html

9. http://www.elsenburg.com/info/els/074/074e.html
http://www.google.com.my/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Kevin+Lynch+Gary+Hack%22http://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htmhttp://mesra-alam-yapchin.blogspot.com/http://mesra-alam-yapchin.blogspot.com/http://library.thinkquest.org/J003195F/definiti.htmhttp://www.google.com.my/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Kevin+Lynch+Gary+Hack%22

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