840 santoso perkembangan tik bab 2
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Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan KomunikasiBab 2 : Peran TIK di Era Globalisasi
Dr. ir. Ari SANTOSO, DEA
Tiga Pilar Implementasi TIK
Infr
astr
uktu
r
Sist
em In
form
asi
Dat
a da
n In
form
asi
Visi & Misi
Perangkat keras dan Lunak
Budaya dan Pola Pikir
Sumber Daya Manusia
Perangkat Utama Data center
• Perangkat Jaringan : – Jaringan– Router– Switch-hub
• Media Penyimpanan – Email server– Webserver– Database server
• Perangkat Listrik dan AC– UPS– Panel Listrik– Grounding
Datacenter
Salah satu Disain Perangkat untuk Data center
Router
• Routing – adalah proses untuk memilih jalur (path) didalam suatu jaringan yang harus dilalui – Router : perangkat yang melakukan
proses routing• Pada umumnya skema routing
mempertimbangkan Jalur yang terpendek dan jalur alternatif jika terjadi permasalahan
• Jalur yang baik, tergantung pada :– Panjang data yang lewat– Beban jaringan– Pola trafik
Switch-Hub
Server
1. Server DNS (Domain Name Server)
2. Server email3. Server web4. Server database5. Server squid/proxy
Perangkat Listrik dan AC
1. Supply energy listrik2. Genset3. UPS4. Panel listrik5. AC6. Jaringan listrik dan grounding
• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
• What it is– Transmission over standard
telephone wires – Peak rate 128 kb/s– Available now
Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : ISDNPerkembangan Telekomunikasi : ISDN
ModemModem TerminalTerminalAdaptorAdaptor
ISDN ISDN LineLine
Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : Cable
• What it is: Simultaneous transmission over cable TV coax facilities– Current technology - Cable modems @ Peak rate = 500 kb/s– Available now– Future technology: Digital TV + 10’s Mb/s
Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : Satellite
• What it is: Satellite access
– Asymmetric – Requests are sent via modems– Responses sent via satellite at
400 kb/s– Available now
Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : HDSL
• What it is– High-bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL)
– Peak rate ~10’s Mb/s
– Access over standard telephone copper wires
– In trials and limited deployment
Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : Wireless
Local MultipointDistribution System (LMDS)
High Speed WirelessAccess for- Telephone- Video- Internet
Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : Powerline Communications
• What is it:
– It is a data communication technology that operates over the electricity supply.
– Rates range up to 1 Mb/s
– In trials
– Future technology
Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : Costs (Estimated as of 2/98)
• Cable modem cost – Installation ~ $25– ~ $30/mo
• ISDN – Installation ~ $200.00– ~ $50 - $100/mo
• ADSL– ~ $95/mo ( for 1.5 Mb/s )– SOURCE: http://www.3com.com/xdsl/05_30_97b.html
• Satellite – Hardware ~ $400– ~ 24.95/month up to 64MB(approximately 25 hours online)
Sistem Informasi
• eGov services are difficult to be found
• Individual eGov services are disconnected, not interoperable
• Citizens/Business have to find several services, going then from one to another
• No user guidance available• eGov services do not comply
with e-accessibility criteria
• “One-stop-shopping” place where all services can be located
• Identification of relevant services based on life event and business episodes
• User provided with a scenario through structured workflow
• Virtual assistant assigned to the user
• eGov services comply with e-accessibility criteria
Pro
blem
add
ress
edA
ppro
ach
?
Kenapa e-Gov
Structure organizationStructure organization
Organizational Information SystemsOrganizational Information Systems
12-27
ExecutiveInformation
System(EIS)
Human resources
informationsystem
Information resources
informationsystem
Financialinformation
system
Manufacturinginformation
system
Marketinginformation
system
Model for Enterprise Data Warehouse System
E-Portal
Data Warehouse
Operational Data StoreODS
Transactional Database
Educational StakeholderCommunication
Benchmarking/DecisionSupport
District & StateReporting
Day to DayOperations
PK-12 Data Model for Information Management (ODE & IBM Confidential) 10/20/05
© attachmate 2004
A Business Process can be Viewed as a Multi-Party of Peer Services
User Activity
Buyer Supplier SFA Salesperson
Start
ERP
MappingRouting QuoteRFQ RFQ RFQ
Order Order
Order
Invoice
AccountsAccount
SalesTax.com CreditCheck.com
Orders
BillingInvoice
SalesOrder
Events
Activity
InformationEntity
© attachmate 2004
Services in a SOA are orchestrated (BPEL) ! This is one of the best model to re-use existing business logic
Quote ServiceOrchestration Definition
RFQ
Nack
Quote
SalesTax
<<send>>quoteupdateDB
Transition
Message flow
RFQ
QuoteOk?
NosendNack
Order
<<invoke>>calculateSalesTax
<<invoke>>GetQuote
Ok?No
EntityState
Entity
<<receive>>RFQ
© attachmate 2004
A Choreography Provides a Model of the Event Flow Between Activities
Buyer Supplier(Self)
Order Entry
POAckPO
BTA1
OpA1
POAckPO
Manager
OpA2
Salesorder
Start
Wit1
POPO
Billing
Failure Success
[BusinessFailure] [Success]
Information quality
• Data is accurate• Data is consistent• Data is timely• Data is integrated• Data is complete• Data values follow the business rules• Data corresponds to valid values• Data is well understood
Enterprise Data Warehouse ArchitectureEnterprise Data Warehouse Architecture
District DataDistrict DataWarehouseWarehouse
STAGINGSTAGING--IntegrationIntegration-- MetadataMetadata-- Cleansed Cleansed
--ProfiledProfiled-- Biz RulesBiz Rules
Data MartData MartSISSIS
Data MartData MartFINANCEFINANCE
Data MartData MartTransportationTransportation
Data MartData MartInstructionInstruction
HRHR
SISSIS
Curriculum Curriculum & &
InstructionInstruction
FinanceFinance
NutritionNutrition
ExtractionExtractionPhasePhase
TransformationTransformationPhasePhase
LoadLoadPhasePhase
Data ManagementData ManagementH/W ServerH/W Server
PlatformPlatform
App
licat
ions
App
licat
ions
Data Warehouse/ODS & BI Layers
Data Integration Layer & Operational Data Store (ODS): • ODS is a non queryable centralized staging areas for storing extracted, cleansing, and transformed data, and for gathering centralized metadata for implementing an Enterprise Data Mart Architecture (EDMA), eliminating the need for another non queryable staging area called data warehouse.
• Needed is a dimensionally modeled Data Warehouse for enterprise DSS, prepared to provide the best in query response performance and to support the most advanced OLAP functionalities.
Data dan Informasi
DataData
• type of data and Information
Data Represented byAlphanumeric Data Numbers, letters, and other charactersImage Data Graphic images or picturesAudio Data Sound, noise or tonesVideo Data Moving images or pictures
Information = Data + Relationships
InformationInformation
• Characteristics of Valuable Information
•Accurate•Complete•Economical•Flexible•Reliable•Relevant
•Simple•Timely•Verifiable•Accessible•Secure
Meta data components
» Data name (entity, attribute, table, column, field, etc.)» Business description of data (Project Start Date)» Source of data (file, field)» Business Owner of data» Business rules » Transformation rules» Domains (allowable values)» Data relationships
Meta data components (continued)
» Data quality (measure of reliability)» Timeliness (ex: current as of certain date) » Historical information» Aggregation rules» Security (who has access)
» Contoh :
[nama, usia, berat badan] = (Budi, 25, 60)Sekarang jelas bahwa “Budi” adalah nama seseorang, “25”adalah usia, dan “60” adalah berat badan
Meta data management
• Meta data administration• Business meta data • Technical meta data • ETL reconciliation• Data quality metrics• Standardization• Data ownership• Enterprise integration
Meta Data = Meta Data = [Descriptive][Descriptive] Data About DataData About Data [of the Business][of the Business]
Information =Data within context
Context =Meta data
Information =Data + Meta data
© attachmate 2004
Connectivity Drives the Emergence and Convergence of Technologies
Workflow
EDI
Mainframe
?BusinessIntegration
J2EE.NET
Client / Server
Web/Portal
EAI
B2BBPM
WS
Office
1980 1990 2000 2010
XMLWS
WebLANInternetSOA
© attachmate 2004
Connectivity Enables Global Processes and Information Access
Information
BusinessProcesses
Local
1980 1990 2000 2010
Web
XMLWS
WAN
Web
LAN
LANInternet
Global
SOA