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Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan KomunikasiBab 2 : Peran TIK di Era Globalisasi

Dr. ir. Ari SANTOSO, DEA

Tiga Pilar Implementasi TIK

Infr

astr

uktu

r

Sist

em In

form

asi

Dat

a da

n In

form

asi

Visi & Misi

Perangkat keras dan Lunak

Budaya dan Pola Pikir

Sumber Daya Manusia

Contoh website

Salah satu website Berita

Salah satu website Berita

Salah satu website Berita

Salah satu website Universitas

Salah satu website Universitas

Salah satu website Perusahaan

Infrastruktur

Perangkat Utama Data center

• Perangkat Jaringan : – Jaringan– Router– Switch-hub

• Media Penyimpanan – Email server– Webserver– Database server

• Perangkat Listrik dan AC– UPS– Panel Listrik– Grounding

Datacenter

Salah satu Disain Perangkat untuk Data center

Router

• Routing – adalah proses untuk memilih jalur (path) didalam suatu jaringan yang harus dilalui – Router : perangkat yang melakukan

proses routing• Pada umumnya skema routing

mempertimbangkan Jalur yang terpendek dan jalur alternatif jika terjadi permasalahan

• Jalur yang baik, tergantung pada :– Panjang data yang lewat– Beban jaringan– Pola trafik

Switch-Hub

Server

1. Server DNS (Domain Name Server)

2. Server email3. Server web4. Server database5. Server squid/proxy

Perangkat Listrik dan AC

1. Supply energy listrik2. Genset3. UPS4. Panel listrik5. AC6. Jaringan listrik dan grounding

• Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)

• What it is– Transmission over standard

telephone wires – Peak rate 128 kb/s– Available now

Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : ISDNPerkembangan Telekomunikasi : ISDN

ModemModem TerminalTerminalAdaptorAdaptor

ISDN ISDN LineLine

Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : Cable

• What it is: Simultaneous transmission over cable TV coax facilities– Current technology - Cable modems @ Peak rate = 500 kb/s– Available now– Future technology: Digital TV + 10’s Mb/s

Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : Satellite

• What it is: Satellite access

– Asymmetric – Requests are sent via modems– Responses sent via satellite at

400 kb/s– Available now

Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : HDSL

• What it is– High-bit-rate digital subscriber line (HDSL)

– Peak rate ~10’s Mb/s

– Access over standard telephone copper wires

– In trials and limited deployment

Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : Wireless

Local MultipointDistribution System (LMDS)

High Speed WirelessAccess for- Telephone- Video- Internet

Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : Powerline Communications

• What is it:

– It is a data communication technology that operates over the electricity supply.

– Rates range up to 1 Mb/s

– In trials

– Future technology

Perkembangan Telekomunikasi :Perkembangan Telekomunikasi : Costs (Estimated as of 2/98)

• Cable modem cost – Installation ~ $25– ~ $30/mo

• ISDN – Installation ~ $200.00– ~ $50 - $100/mo

• ADSL– ~ $95/mo ( for 1.5 Mb/s )– SOURCE: http://www.3com.com/xdsl/05_30_97b.html

• Satellite – Hardware ~ $400– ~ 24.95/month up to 64MB(approximately 25 hours online)

Sistem Informasi

• eGov services are difficult to be found

• Individual eGov services are disconnected, not interoperable

• Citizens/Business have to find several services, going then from one to another

• No user guidance available• eGov services do not comply

with e-accessibility criteria

• “One-stop-shopping” place where all services can be located

• Identification of relevant services based on life event and business episodes

• User provided with a scenario through structured workflow

• Virtual assistant assigned to the user

• eGov services comply with e-accessibility criteria

Pro

blem

add

ress

edA

ppro

ach

?

Kenapa e-Gov

Structure organizationStructure organization

Organizational Information SystemsOrganizational Information Systems

12-27

ExecutiveInformation

System(EIS)

Human resources

informationsystem

Information resources

informationsystem

Financialinformation

system

Manufacturinginformation

system

Marketinginformation

system

Model for Enterprise Data Warehouse System

E-Portal

Data Warehouse

Operational Data StoreODS

Transactional Database

Educational StakeholderCommunication

Benchmarking/DecisionSupport

District & StateReporting

Day to DayOperations

PK-12 Data Model for Information Management (ODE & IBM Confidential) 10/20/05

© attachmate 2004

A Business Process can be Viewed as a Multi-Party of Peer Services

User Activity

Buyer Supplier SFA Salesperson

Start

ERP

MappingRouting QuoteRFQ RFQ RFQ

Order Order

Order

Invoice

AccountsAccount

SalesTax.com CreditCheck.com

Orders

BillingInvoice

SalesOrder

Events

Activity

InformationEntity

© attachmate 2004

Services in a SOA are orchestrated (BPEL) ! This is one of the best model to re-use existing business logic

Quote ServiceOrchestration Definition

RFQ

Nack

Quote

SalesTax

<<send>>quoteupdateDB

Transition

Message flow

RFQ

QuoteOk?

NosendNack

Order

<<invoke>>calculateSalesTax

<<invoke>>GetQuote

Ok?No

EntityState

Entity

<<receive>>RFQ

© attachmate 2004

A Choreography Provides a Model of the Event Flow Between Activities

Buyer Supplier(Self)

Order Entry

POAckPO

BTA1

OpA1

POAckPO

Manager

OpA2

Salesorder

Start

Wit1

POPO

Billing

Failure Success

[BusinessFailure] [Success]

Information quality

• Data is accurate• Data is consistent• Data is timely• Data is integrated• Data is complete• Data values follow the business rules• Data corresponds to valid values• Data is well understood

Enterprise Data Warehouse ArchitectureEnterprise Data Warehouse Architecture

District DataDistrict DataWarehouseWarehouse

STAGINGSTAGING--IntegrationIntegration-- MetadataMetadata-- Cleansed Cleansed

--ProfiledProfiled-- Biz RulesBiz Rules

Data MartData MartSISSIS

Data MartData MartFINANCEFINANCE

Data MartData MartTransportationTransportation

Data MartData MartInstructionInstruction

HRHR

SISSIS

Curriculum Curriculum & &

InstructionInstruction

FinanceFinance

NutritionNutrition

ExtractionExtractionPhasePhase

TransformationTransformationPhasePhase

LoadLoadPhasePhase

Data ManagementData ManagementH/W ServerH/W Server

PlatformPlatform

App

licat

ions

App

licat

ions

Data Warehouse/ODS & BI Layers

Data Integration Layer & Operational Data Store (ODS): • ODS is a non queryable centralized staging areas for storing extracted, cleansing, and transformed data, and for gathering centralized metadata for implementing an Enterprise Data Mart Architecture (EDMA), eliminating the need for another non queryable staging area called data warehouse.

• Needed is a dimensionally modeled Data Warehouse for enterprise DSS, prepared to provide the best in query response performance and to support the most advanced OLAP functionalities.

Data dan Informasi

DataData

• type of data and Information

Data Represented byAlphanumeric Data Numbers, letters, and other charactersImage Data Graphic images or picturesAudio Data Sound, noise or tonesVideo Data Moving images or pictures

Information = Data + Relationships

InformationInformation

• Characteristics of Valuable Information

•Accurate•Complete•Economical•Flexible•Reliable•Relevant

•Simple•Timely•Verifiable•Accessible•Secure

Meta data components

» Data name (entity, attribute, table, column, field, etc.)» Business description of data (Project Start Date)» Source of data (file, field)» Business Owner of data» Business rules » Transformation rules» Domains (allowable values)» Data relationships

Meta data components (continued)

» Data quality (measure of reliability)» Timeliness (ex: current as of certain date) » Historical information» Aggregation rules» Security (who has access)

» Contoh :

[nama, usia, berat badan] = (Budi, 25, 60)Sekarang jelas bahwa “Budi” adalah nama seseorang, “25”adalah usia, dan “60” adalah berat badan

Meta data management

• Meta data administration• Business meta data • Technical meta data • ETL reconciliation• Data quality metrics• Standardization• Data ownership• Enterprise integration

Meta Data = Meta Data = [Descriptive][Descriptive] Data About DataData About Data [of the Business][of the Business]

Information =Data within context

Context =Meta data

Information =Data + Meta data

© attachmate 2004

Connectivity Drives the Emergence and Convergence of Technologies

Workflow

EDI

Mainframe

?BusinessIntegration

J2EE.NET

Client / Server

Web/Portal

EAI

B2BBPM

WS

Office

1980 1990 2000 2010

XMLWS

WebLANInternetSOA

© attachmate 2004

Connectivity Enables Global Processes and Information Access

Information

BusinessProcesses

Local

1980 1990 2000 2010

Web

XMLWS

WAN

Web

LAN

LANInternet

Global

SOA

Structure of SystemStructure of System

• Example of Information system in Industrial