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Skim Geran Penyelidikan Siswazah Universiti Penyelidikan/ Research University Postgraduate Research Grant Scheme

MAKLUMAT PENTING / Important Information

1. Setiap pelajar hanya dibenarkan untuk mengemukakan 1 permohonan sahaja pada satu masa

A student can submit only 1 application form for review at any one time

2. Setiap pelajar hanya dibenarkan memegang 1 geran penyelidikan sepanjang tempoh pencalonan

A student can only hold 1 research grant during his/her candidature

3.Penerima geran perlu mengemukakan laporan kemajuan ringkas (3-6 mukasurat) dalam tempohpertengahan penerimaan geran. Laporan akhir perlu dimajukan pada tempoh akhir geran diterima.Laporan akhir perlu berbentuk artikel berkualiti berdasarkan penyelidikan yang telah dijalankan sertaperlu dalam format sedia untuk penerbitan jurnal.

Research Grantees are required to submit a brief (3-6 pages) progress report mid-way through the grant period.A final report will be submitted at the end of the grant period. The final report should be an article based on the

proposed research and of the quality and in the format ready for submission to journal publication.

4. Dana akan diuruskan oleh Pusat Pengajian/Pusat Tanggungjawab penerima geran tersebut.The funds will be managed by the Grantees respective Schools/Centres

5. Permohonan yang lengkap perlu dikemukakan ke :Please submit completed form to

A. MAKLUMAT PEMOHON / Applicant Information

Tajuk Penyelidikan yang Dicadangkan :Title of Proposed Research: Application and implementation of CRM in hospitality industry(case study of five stars hotel inPenang Malaysia

No. Kad Pengenalan / Passport No: Negara :Identity Card No./Passport : G1446513 Country : Iraq

Pusat Pengajian / Pusat :School / Centers HBP

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SKIM GERAN PENYELIDIKAN SISWAZAH

UNIVERSITI PENYELIDIKAN

RESEARCH UNIVERSITY POSTGRADUATE RESEARCH GRANT SCHEME

Nama:Name : Hadi Chasib Mirirb

Nombor Matrik:Matric No : P-RD0013/10(R)

No. Telefon Pejabat/Makmal :Office/Lab Telephone No.

No. Telefon Bimbit:Handphone No: 0126731605

Alamat E-Mel:E-Mail Address: [email protected]

Ijazah:Degree Sarjana

Msc.Ph.DPh.D

Tarikh Mendaftar :Registration Date : .10/4/2010

Penyelia Utama:Main Supervisor:DrNor Zarifah Maliki Penyelia Bersama:Co- Supervisor:Dr. Aldrin Abdullah

Dekan,Institut Pengajian SiswazahUniversiti Sains Malaysia11800 Minden, Pulau PinangMalaysia

Bidang Penyelidikan:Research Area Cultural Landscape


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B. BUTIRAN PENYELIDIKANDetails of Research

Tempat Penyelidikan Dijalankan :Location of Research : Iraqi country

Tempoh Projek (MSc. maksimum 2 tahun & Ph.D maksimum 3 tahun) :Duration of Project (Msc. Maximum 2 years &. Ph.D maximum 3 years) 3 years

B1. Ringkasan Cadangan PenyelidikanSummary of Research Proposal

(a) Objektif(Objectives)

(b) Latar belakang (Background)

i) Tinjauan Literatur / Literature Review

. Introduction:This thesis will study an embodiment drama of past generations cultural system and its diversity of

components, which it has been raised over the periods of time and in many processes: Interaction,

Completeness, Change and Modification, and creating cultural heritage for present and next generations.

Moreover, it gives cultural touches in vast horizons, and that emphasizes through landscape

representation.

Carl O. Sauer has coined the term of cultural landscape for his discipline in 1920 at the university of

California at Berkeley. From the 1960 , the importance of cultural landscape concept has been increased

in interdisciplines and transdisciplines usage as well as entered in terminology of environmental fields

(Palang, &Fry, 2003). Sauer defined The cultural landscape is fashioned from a natural landscape by a

culture group. Culture is the agent; the natural area is the medium; the cultural landscape is the

result (Sauer, 1925).

The vested interest in cultural landscape explores a big significance of societies to offer its cultural

roots. They differ from one spatial dimension to another in different periods of time as a result of a group

of factors and variables refer to diversity in thinking, representation in landscape, symbolic structures.

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The overall goal is to acquire a greater understanding to the relationship between cultural system and cultural identity and its

role in recognizing the societies through cultural landscape.

To discover the evolution of cultural system in order to give the accurate understanding about cultural landscape and to sustain

the cultural right for new generations according to sustainable development.


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This diversity forms effective factors in forming cultural identity. In former times, landscapes have been

described in unique practices which possess a rather privileged selfhood and identity. All that rose up

during many epoch of action and shaped as a fundamental of a fatherland. (Antrop, 2005). Symbolic

representation tends to be the concept of national unity (Kukan, 1999). A symbolic value of landscape

is embodied in many places or in its components (Antrop, 2005).

One of the basis for landscape has continuously been changed and it produced by exchangeable

effects between natural and cultural processes in the surface of the earth (Antrop, 2005). The idea of

cultural landscape is described in many aspects such as culture, individuals, mechanism interaction, area,

use of nature, change and the outcome is distinctive cultural identity.

Individuals and groups associated with landscape in two ways: modifying it physically and perceiving

their decisions and actions within it (Saugeres, 2002) Samadhi referred to the cultural landscape as

divided into two parts: high designs and low or vernacular designs; according to high culture and low

culture (Samadhi, 2000). under to Samadhis opinion that all what human made is considered as cultural

landscape.

A combined line between individual and group identity are produced through past generations work

that established with material environment. Therefore, the social relationships and deep spatial are

resulting from two faces for one coin: culture and identity (Stephenson, 2008). Latiri said that landscape

has big difference in meanings, Cultural components play a key role to interpret these meanings.

Landscape is involved in cultural system and it materializes in landscape, The cultural norms are used to

understand the landscape as the basis that based on it ( Latiri, 2001).

Landscape & Cultural Landscape: Concept

The Cultural landscape has a big challenge for researchers. It existed many scientific attempts

(interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary) to specify and discover its perfect concepts, approaches and

models. Landscape appraisements are included in the converging of viewpoints through what each

disciplines are required in these views (Stephenson, 2008).

There are many researchers have contradictory about oneness of landscape and cultural landscape

conception, where many opinions need to be paused or questioned. There is a mixed between these

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1998). Group of values are associated with landscape which distinguished based on human knowledge

and living aspects (Francisco, et al., 2006). Landscape participated with an area and region conceptions of

the content, and they have appeal to be in the same plane of symmetry (Cosgrove, 1998).

The European Landscape Convention (2007) defines landscape as an area, as perceived by

people, whose character is a result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors. The

definition specified its scope to encompass land, inland water and marine areas. It concerns landscapes

that might be considered outstanding as well as everyday or degraded landscapes.

Olwig (2002, P.123) defined landscape as follows natural scenery was the result of process of

centuries of contention over the representation of the privileged cultural product identified with the

country. Olwig also had other different opinion about landscape Landscape as primarily a physical

quality (rocks and soils), and nature as primarily concerned with the unchanging laws of nature, then we

are likely to conceive of landscape as a stage floor with soil and vegetation at the bottom and culture

layered on top. (Olwig, 2002, P.225) .

3. The researchers opinions of cultural landscape

Other researchers were looking at cultural landscape in other side as following:In general, cultural

landscapes are cultural products which represent individuals behaviors in limiting area of the earth

(Samadhi, 2000). Cultural system doesnt specify in certain zone of landscape, on the contrary, it gives

horizons to organize a human life of landscape (Nassauer,1995). The interaction between culture and

landscapes is both exchangeable, and even cybernetic relations: and this can create in two ways, fashion

our landscapes, and our sight of landscapes is cultural product. Therefore, it is affecting of these the

relationships (Naveh, 1995).

The cultural landscape qualities had a key role in the context of particular socioeconomic system

for providing the big dynamic of both land and life as can be seen within sociocultural perspectives

(Terkenli, 2005). Cultural landscapes represent multi processes of reconstruction of the land to be

consistent with its usage and spatial structure to achieve superior societal requirements (Antrop, 2005).

The cultural understanding of changing geographical dimension is as a result of renewal in society aspects

which lead to be a central in the case of landscapes as containers of human entity (Terkenli, 2005) The

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geographical perspective of landscape which existed across the periods of time gives different recognized

dimensions, and this means, every generation has distinguished cultural merits and embodied them in

symbolic landscapes and cultural representations. The researchers (Tallbull, et al., 1996) refer to two

environments (physical and spiritual environment). For the spiritual environment has larger importance

than physical environment when they studied Indian society in their article (New way to study cultural

landscape: the Blue Earth hills assessment.

4. The evidences to recognize cultural landscape

The study attempts to distinguish between both concepts (landscape and cultural landscape) to

fulfill its objective through present evidences. Linguistic landscape definition at two dictionaries, first

defined as follows:

Land.scape . n, .(1598) 1 a: a picture representing a view of natural inland scenery b: the art of

depicting such scenery 2a : the landforms of a region in the aggregate b: a portion of territory that can be

viewed at one time from one place c: a particular area of activity : SCENE < the political _> 3 obs:

VESTA, PROSPECT (Collegiate Dictionary , Eleventh edition , 2003). The second is oxford English

dictionary (1961) defines the word as follows:

Landscape: Forms: .1. A picture representing natural inland scenery, as distinguished from a sea

picture, a portrait, etc. b. spc. The background of scenery in portrait or figurepainting. 2. A view or

prospect of natural inland scenery, such as can be taken in at a glance from one point of view; a piece of

country scenery. 3. In generalized sense (from 1 and 2): Inland natural scenery, or its representation in

painting. 4. In various obsolete transf. and fig. uses. a. A view, prospect of something. b, A distant

prospect ; a vista. C. The object of ones gaze. d. A sketch, adumbration, outline; occas, a faint or

shadowy representation. e. A compendium, epitome. f. A birds eye view; a plan, sketch, map. g. The

depiction or description of something in words

Above dictionaries have defined the linguistic landscape term in many meanings, but almost all of

them and more than 90 % referred to natural scenery, and no obvious junction with human beings, this

promotes the researchs point of view in 50 % that there is difference between cultural landscape and

landscape conceptions.

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The dictionary of landscape concerns many characteristics and meanings relating to landscape

term. The study tries to recognize cultural landscape from landscape term through indicating merits of

each term.

The Landscape term defined as The sum total of the characteristics that distinguish a certain area

on the earths surface from each other these characteristics are a result, not only of natural, cultural and

economic components but of human occupancy and use of the land. 2. A view or prospect of scenery such

as can be taken in at a glance from one point of view (Goulty, 1991). The term divided into two sections,

each one consists 25 % of semicircular (natural processes) in Fig.1, as follows:

First section denotes into two basic points:

A. An areal category which associate with second section.

B. There are characteristics are not only natural, cultural and economic but of human occupancy and

use of the land.

Second section refers to a view of scenery; this mean 25 % represents natural scenic.

In the B point, the research questioned: What is the difference between cultural and economic

components with human occupancy and use of the land?, Moreover, if the landscape definition referred to

in A point to areal category as well as B point denoted to natural , cultural and economic

characteristics, and the research kept its above question. Second section referred to natural scenery;

therefore, this term turns toward nature in 80 %.

Cultural system:

Researchers agree that the word culture is difficult to define, due to its broad zone and variety

components. There are two opinions about the origin of the word culture. The word culture derives

from the Indo- European kwel meaning to bring up, take care of, like, love (Bonnemaison, 2005, p. 55).

Other opinion, The term culture is derived from the Latin Colere- to cultivate, to care for, and to

preserve (Naveh, 1995, p. 46).

Culture is built in various ways of meaning as well as including extend of thinking and cultural

styles (Barker, 2003). Culture is alike language, both wholeness and acting reciprocally system, each

component relies on all others (Bonnemaison, 2005). (Naveh, 1995) mentioned that the culture denotes to

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a particular system of society. (Bonnemaison, 2005) presented definition of culture for Emile Benveniste,

a linguist who is a specialist of Indo- European languages as follow I call culture the human

environment everything that , beyond the fulfillment of biologically functions, gives shape, meaning

and contents to human life and activity. The human production has embodied in cultural term which

emphasizes in constructional environment (Barker, 2003). Culture includes two significant main

components, the capability of human for creation, and the capacity to communicate (including all sign

systems) (Edgar, 2008). Culture is founded on the duality as following (Bonnemaison, 2005):

- It uncovers the pattern of self -human establishment.

- It exhibits visible production in environment.

The basis of culture operates in completing way between psychological process and cultural data

(Barker, 2003). Culture is the spirit of human beings. (Bonnemaison, 2005).

The essence of culture is connected with humans mind and affected to an environment.

Moreover, the multiplicity of thinking colures as psychological tools and self- needs, which produced as

interactive case between human beings; and affected with nature which raise a particular constructional

patterns, in other words, culture is human taste recognizing through multi human tastes.

The research will rely on Bonnemaisons viewpoints in specifying cultural system, and consider it

as foundation to answer thesiss questions and achieve its objectives. Bonnemaison (2005) asserts that

cultural system (from geographical view) includes four major components: Knowledge, Techniques,

Beliefs and Space. Also the research will be focused on two components: knowledge and beliefs because

the following justifications:

- The research is focused on these components deeply as well as the depth of their contents.

- Strong relationship between them (knowledge & beliefs), both raised from humans thinking.

- Knowledge and beliefs are invisible if compared with techniques and space components.

- The research aims to highlight cultural components that link to cultural identity concept.

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understanding of a subject.

2. The sum of what is known.

3. Awareness or familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation.

Above definitions have nearly the same commons which represented in available information,

experiences, and vision. The research applies the five categories that existed in human mind, to combine

with research variables (C.S., C.L., &C.I.), see FIG. (1).

FIG. (1). explains interaction between categories in human mind and research variables (C.S., C.L., &C.I.).

The FIG. (1) Highlights the exchangeable relationships among five categories with cultural

system, cultural landscape and cultural identity. cultural system participates in five categories, this means

it continues from forming step until the futures vision, cultural landscape combines in last three

categories, where both categories (knowledge and understanding ) answer for How and Why questions,

both of them define deep relationship of cultural landscape (C.L.) and cultural identity (C.I.). Fifth

category wisdom extends its relationship of both C.L. and C.I., however, this extent gives cultural

rights to present and next generation to possess particular C.L and C.I..

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DAT

A

Inform. Know. UND. Wisdom

C.S C.L C.I.


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To satisfy research objectives and questions of the study. The methodology of this research has been

developed as shown in the figure 2 . Research background and problem statement have been discussed. And a

comprehensive literature about Cultural landscape and cultural system and cultural identity.

Due to the qualitative and quantitative nature of the study. The data collection method will be adopted as

interview and questionnaire. Interview will be conducted from specified group of people to measure cultural

components. And given interview will be analyzed. Questionnaire will be distributed among samples of peopledistributed through citys components.

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Researchapproach

Problem statementJustification and significance of the research

Quantitative Qualitative

ResearchStrategy

Datacollectionmethod

Casestudy

Interview Questioner

Dataanalysis

Result


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Gantt ChartYear 2010 2011 2012

Month A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M

Literature Review

2. Design of Questionnaire

3. Collection information

4. Field Work

5. Data Processing

6. Data Analysis

7. Writing of thesis

8. Final thesis

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(d) Hasil yang Dijangkakan (Expected Outcome)

i) Nama Jurnal/Journal Name:

ii) Lain-lain/Miscellaneous:

Kepentingan dan Faedah PenyelidikanThe Importance and the Benefits of the Research

The Importance and the Benefits of the Research:

-There is big significance about cultural landscape and cultural Identity to emphasize national cultural

identity for nations.

- The conventions and International organizations like UNESCO give vested interest of culturallandscape.

- One of benefits is presenting cultural system and its relationship with cultural landscape.

- To give the cultural rights to each generation for expressing about cultural identity through cultural

landscape.

Kelengkapan dan sumber-sumber yang terdapat di Universiti untuk kegunaan penyelidikan IniEquipment and material resources available in the University that are to be used for this Research

Kemudahan-kemudahanOther facilities: Library, Computer lab. Net.

B2. Bajet(Budget)

Sebutkan anggaran bajet bagi cadangan penyelidikan ini.(Applicants must indicate the estimated budget for the proposal)

Sila beri butiran lengkap perbelanjaan berdasarkan panduan yang dilampirkan.(Applicants must provide complete details of expenditure according to the attached)

Butiran BajetJumlah dipohon (RM)Amount requested (RM)

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Expected outcome:

1) .New look for distinction between landscape and cultural landscape.

2) The effect of forcible displacement in national cultural identity.

3) The role of knowledge component to highlight cultural landscape.4) The Role of belief to emphasize significance of cultural landscape.

5) And so on.

PhD


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Budget DetailsTahun 1 /

Year 1Tahun 2 /

Year 2Tahun 3 /

Year 3 (Ph.Donly)

Vot 21000 - Perbelanjaan Perjalanan dan Sara HidupTravel Expenses and Subsistence

Vot 22000 - Pengangkutan Barang Transportation of Goods

Vot 23000 - Perhubungan dan Utiliti (Tel, Faks, Pos, dll)Communication and Utilities (Phone, Fax, Postageetc.)

Vot 24000 - Sewaan (Rental)

Vot 26000 - Bekalan Bahan untuk Penyelenggaraan danPembaikan

Supply of Materials for Repair and Maintenance

Vot 27000 - Bekalan dan Bahan Penyelidikan Research Materials and Supplies

Vot 28000 - Khidmat untuk Penyelenggaraan dan PembaikanKecil

Services for Maintenance and Minor Repairs

Vot 29000 - Perkhidmatan Ikhtisas dan perkhidmatan laintermasuk percetakan, hospitaliti dan hononarium

JUMLAH / TOTAL

JUMLAH KESELURUHAN* / GRAND TOTAL*

* Jumlah maksimum bagi MSc. RM10,000.00(Maximum total for MSc. RM10,000.00)

* Jumlah maksimum bagi Ph.D RM20,000.00

(Maximum total for Ph.D RM20,000.00)

Geran Penyelidikan berkaitan yang diperolehi oleh Penyelia (atau penyelia bersama) dalam tempoh tiga tahun

terakhir.Related research grants obtained by the supervisor(s) in the past three years.

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Bil Tajuk ProjekTitle of Project

Jenis GeranGrant Type

Tarikh MulaYear Started

Tarikh TamatYear Completed

BAHAGIAN INI PERLU DIISI OLEH PENYELIA UTAMAThis section is to be filled by the main supervisor

LAPORAN PENYELIA UTAMA / MAINSUPERVISORS REPORT Laporan adalah sulit / Confidential report - to be filled by Main Supervisor1. Nama /Name:-

2. School/Centre:-

3. Nama Calon / Candidates Name:-

Pengakuan Pemohon

Applicants Declaration

Saya mengaku bahawa semua maklumat yang diberikan adalah benar dan cadangan penyelidikan ini tidakdipohon untuk geran lain.I hereby declare that all information provided is accurate and that this proposal has not been submitted for othergrant.

Tandatangan Pemohon Tarikh

Applicants Signature Date

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4. Program Penyelidikan berkaitan dengan bidang penyelidikan calon :Research Programme Related to Candidates Research:-

5. Mohon nyatakan / please state:-

a. Penglibatan calon dan kebolehan mengendalikan penyelidikan Candidates involvement and ability to conduct research:

b. Potensi bidang penyelidikan yang dicadangkan Potentials of the proposed research area:

c. Perakuan Penyelia :Supervisors Endorsement

Tandatangan : Cop rasmi :

Signature : Official

Tarikh : Date :

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Perakuan Jawatankuasa Etika Manusia dan HaiwanEndorsement by the Human and Animal Ethics Committee

[PERHATIAN: BAHAGIAN INI PERLU DIISI UNTUK MANA-MANA CADANGAN PENYELIDIKAN YANG MEMERLUKANKELULUSAN JAWATANKUASA ETIKA MANUSIA & HAIWAN][This section is for the endorsement of the Ethics Committee (Human and Animal) for research proposals concerned]

Siila tandakan( ) Please tick ( )

Diperakukan: Endorsed:

A. DiperakuEndorsed

B. DipindaTo be amended

C. Tidak disokongNot recommended

Name Pengerusi: Signature:Chairman: Tandatangan:

Date:Tarikh:

Perakuan Dekan/Pengarah Pusat Pengajian/PusatEndorsement by Dean/Director of School/Centre

Tandatangan Dekan/Pengarah : Cop Rasmi :Signature of Dean/Director Official Stamp:

Nama :Name

Tarikh :Date

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-------BAHAGIAN INI UNTUK KEGUNAAN RASMI SAHAJA. SILA KOSONGKAN BAHAGIAN INI------ Please leave this section blank. For official use only

PERAKUAN DEKAN INSTITUT PENGAJIAN SISWAZAHEndorsement by Dean of Institute of Graduate Studies

Tandatangan Dekan : Cop Rasmi :Signature of Dean Official Stamp:

Tarikh :Date

KELULUSAN TIMBALAN NAIB CANSELOR (PENYELIDIKAN & INOVASI)Approval by Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research & Innovation)

Lulus/Approved Reject/Tolak

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Cop Rasmi :Official Stamp

Tandatangan :Signature

Tarikh :Date


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GARIS PANDUAN UNTUK PERBELANJAAN / GUIDELINES FOR EXPENDITURE

Vot 21000 Travelling Expenses and SubsistenceTo record claims by the academic staff while on official visit, including payment for personnel transportation,personal subsistence, hotel and lodgings, toll and parking charges for project staff appointed monthly, claims

are according to their eligibility following the Circular 2 Year 1992, with the exception of own transport at therate of 60 cent/km. For other academic staff, travel expenses and subsistence are according to Scale DS 2(under the SBB Scheme), regardless of their eligibility.

Vot 22000 Transportation of GoodsTo record the expenses for the transportation of goods within and outside the country. This also includes the

cost of operation and safekeeping during transportation of project equipment. Charges include courier,insurance for parcels, storage charges and others.

Vot 23000 Communication and UtilitiesThis vot records expenses relating to special services, examples : post, telephone, telex, facsimile, cablesand others. It also includes charges for electricity, water, gas and other utilities. This vot includes installationand commissioning of equipments and phone rentals

Note : Please specify type of services requested, frequency of requirement and expected cost incurred.

Vot 24000 - RentalsTo record all expenses for rentals, and leasing of land, building, vehicles, facilities and equipment.

Note : Must submit in the budget request, the type of rental needed, number and expected cost incurred.Rentals of gas cylinders for liquid nitrogen, oxygen and others are included.

Vot 25000 Food, entertainment (coffee/tea/cakes) beverages

Vot 26000 Supply of Raw Materials, and Materials for Repair and Maintenance.

To record expenses for all purchase of raw materials, and materials for repair and maintenance of assets,example spare parts. This is only allowed for equipment bought using funds from this grant. Payment for anyservices rendered for repair and maintenance should be placed under Vote 28000

Vot 27000 Research materials & supplies (including animals, disposables, etc.)To document purchases of all supplies and materials not exceeding RM100.00 per item, which is notcategorized as an asset. It does not include materials and supplies under vot 26000. It encompasses itemssuch as chemical reagents, consumables, glassware, animals for research and other relevant items.

Note: Please provide details of cost and quantity of items required.

Vot 28000 Maintenance and Minor Repair Services

To document expenses for external services to ensure all facilities and assets are in good working condition.This includes cleaning and painting services. Please note that this is allowable only for equipment purchasedunder the same grant.

Vot 29000 Professional Services, Other Services & HospitalityTo document all services and hospitality rendered including professional services, photocopying, printing,wages, allowance or other payments to those not appointed as project staff, hospitality and honorarium toinvited collaborators. Honorarium is restricted to respondents, e.g., payment for blood samples in a medicalproject.

Note:Please provide details of services or hospitality rendered, inclusive of the rates and mode of calculations.

usmrupgrs hadi chasib

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