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JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA

DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA

Salaries & Wages

Survey Report

ISSN 1985 - 7284

LAPORAN PENYIASATAN GAJI & UPAH SALARIES & WAGES SURVEY REPORT

MALAYSIA

2012

JABATAN PERANGKAAN MALAYSIA DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS, MALAYSIA

Jun June

2013

i

KATA PENGANTAR

Laporan ini membentangkan perangkaan gaji dan upah berdasarkan Penyiasatan Gaji & Upah

yang dijalankan pada bulan Januari hingga Jun 2012. Laporan ini turut memuatkan data siri

masa gaji & upah bagi tahun 20102012. Objektif utama laporan ini adalah untuk menyediakan

perangkaan penting bagi perancangan tenaga manusia khususnya gaji & upah di samping

melengkapkan maklumat yang dikeluarkan dalam Penyiasatan Tenaga Buruh. Indikator utama

gaji & upah bulanan seperti purata, penengah dan jurang upah gender digunakan bagi tujuan

analisis pasaran buruh.

Maklumat gaji & upah bulanan mengikut jantina, kumpulan etnik, pekerjaan dan industri

merupakan sebahagian perangkaan penting yang dipersembahkan dalam laporan ini. Data yang

diperoleh daripada penyiasatan ini digunakan dalam perancangan ekonomi dan pembangunan

sosial, penetapan gaji minimum dan polisi fiskal.

Jabatan mengambil kesempatan untuk merakamkan penghargaan kepada semua pihak yang

telah menyumbang dalam penyediaan laporan ini. Sebarang ulasan dan cadangan bagi

meningkatkan mutu persembahan laporan ini pada masa hadapan amat dihargai.

DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN

Ketua Perangkawan Malaysia

Jun 2013

ii

PREFACE

This report presents statistics on salaries and wages based on the Salaries & Wages Survey

conducted from January to June 2012. It includes monthly salaries & wages time series data for

the years 20102012. The main objective of this report is to provide statistics for human

resource planning, particularly salaries & wages as well as to complete the information

produced in the Labour Force Survey. Main indicators of monthly salaries & wages such as

mean, median and gender wage gap are used for the labour market analysis.

Information on monthly salaries & wages by sex, ethnic group, occupation and industry are part

of the vital statistics presented in this report. Information obtained from this survey is used for

economic planning and social development, formulation of minimum wage and fiscal policy.

The Department would like to take this opportunity to record its appreciation to all parties who

have contributed towards the preparation of this report. All comments and suggestions towards

enhancing the quality of future reports would be greatly appreciated.

DR. HAJI ABDUL RAHMAN BIN HASAN

Chief Statistician, Malaysia

June 2013

iii

KANDUNGAN

CONTENTS

Muka surat Page

Kata pengantar Preface

i

Senarai jadual List of tables

v

Ringkasan penemuan Summary of findings

1

Jadual utama Main tables

9

Jadual siri masa Time series tables

19

Nota teknikal Technical notes

31

Jadual ralat piawai relatif Relative standard error tables

47

Lampiran Appendix

51

SENARAI JADUAL LIST OF TABLES

Jadual Table

Muka surat Page

SENARAI JADUAL LIST OF TABLES

JADUAL UTAMA MAIN TABLES

1 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut strata dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by stratum and sex, Malaysia, 2012

9

2 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut kumpulan umur dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by age group and sex, Malaysia, 2012

10

3 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut kumpulan etnik dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by ethnic group and sex, Malaysia, 2012

11

4 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut pekerjaan dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by occupation and sex, Malaysia, 2012

12

5 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut industri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by industry and sex, Malaysia, 2012

13

6 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut pencapaian pendidikan dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by educational attainment and sex, Malaysia, 2012

14

7 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by the highest certificate obtained and sex, Malaysia, 2012

15

8 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut taraf perkahwinan dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by marital status and sex, Malaysia, 2012

v

16

Jadual Table

Muka surat Page

9

Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut negeri dan jantina, Malaysia, 2012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by state and sex, Malaysia, 2012

17

JADUAL SIRI MASA TIME SERIES TABLES

A1 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut jantina, Malaysia, 20102012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by sex, Malaysia, 20102012

19

A2 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut strata, Malaysia, 20102012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by stratum, Malaysia, 20102012

20

A3 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut kumpulan umur, Malaysia, 20102012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by age group, Malaysia, 20102012

21

A4 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut kumpulan etnik, Malaysia, 20102012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by ethnic group, Malaysia, 20102012

22

A5(i) Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2010 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by occupation, Malaysia, 2010

23

A5(ii) Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, 20112012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by occupation, Malaysia, 20112012

24

A6 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut industri, Malaysia, 20102012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by industry, Malaysia, 20102012

vi

25

Jadual Table

Muka surat

Page

A7 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut pencapaian pendidikan, Malaysia, 20102012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by educational attainment, Malaysia, 20102012

26

A8 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut sijil tertinggi diperoleh, Malaysia, 20102012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by the highest certificate obtained, Malaysia, 20102012

27

A9 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut taraf perkahwinan, Malaysia, 20102012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by marital status, Malaysia, 20102012

28

A10 Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 20102012 Mean and median monthly salaries & wages by state, Malaysia, 20102012

29

JADUAL RALAT PIAWAI RELATIF

RELATIVE STANDARD ERROR TABLES

S1 Ralat piawai relatif bagi purata gaji & upah bulanan mengikut pekerjaan, Malaysia, 2012 Relative standard error for mean monthly salaries & wages by occupation, Malaysia, 2012

47

S2 Ralat piawai relatif bagi purata gaji & upah bulanan mengikut industri, Malaysia, 2012 Relative standard error for mean monthly salaries & wages by industry, Malaysia, 2012

48

S3 Ralat piawai relatif bagi purata gaji & upah bulanan mengikut negeri, Malaysia, 2012 Relative standard error for mean monthly salaries & wages by state, Malaysia, 2012

50

vii

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

1

RINGKASAN PENEMUAN

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS

1. Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan

1. Mean and median monthly salaries & wages

Bilangan penerima gaji & upah pada 2012 telah meningkat sebanyak 1.7 mata peratus daripada 8.94 juta orang pada 2011 kepada 9.09 juta orang pada 2012. Purata dan penengah gaji & upah bulanan pada 2012 masing-masing adalah RM1,881 dan RM1,400. 2. Gaji & upah mengikut jantina

The number of salaries & wages recipients increased 1.7 percentage point from 8.94 million persons in 2011 to 9.09 million persons in 2012. The mean and median of the monthly salaries & wages for 2012 were RM1,881 and RM1,400 respectively. 2. Salaries & wages by gender

Purata gaji & upah bulanan lelaki (RM1,906) lebih tinggi berbanding perempuan (RM1,838) dengan jurang upah gender sebanyak 3.6 peratus. Walaupun pekerja lelaki masih menerima gaji & upah yang lebih tinggi berbanding perempuan tetapi jurang gaji & upah gender menurun sebanyak 0.5 mata peratus daripada 4.1 peratus pada 2011.

The mean monthly salaries & wages of male (RM1,906) was higher than female (RM1,838) with 3.6 per cen