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Rumus-rumus berikut boleh membantu anda menjawab soalan. Simbol-simbol yang diberi adalah yang biasa digunakan. The following formulae may be helpful in answering the questions. The symbols given are the ones commonly used.

ALGEBRA

1. x = a

acbb2

42

2. am an = am + n

3. am an = am n

4. (am)n = am n

5. loga mn = loga m + loga n

6. loga n

m = loga m loga n

7. loga mn = n loga m

8. balog = a

bc

c

loglog

9. nT = a + (n 1)d

10. nS = { }dnan )1(22 +

11. nT = 1n

ar

12. nS = 1)1(

r

ra n =

r

ran

1)1(

, 1r

13.

S = r

a

1, | r | < 1

KALKULUS (CALCULUS)

1. y = uv

dxdy

= u dxdv

+ v dxdu

2. y = v

u,

dxdy

= 2v

dxdv

udxdu

v

3. dxdy

=

dudy

dxdu

4. Luas di bawah lengkung (Area under a curve)

= b

a

dxy atau (or)

= b

a

dyx

5. Isipadu janaan (Volume of revolution)

= b

a

dxy 2pi atau (or)

= b

a

dyx2pi

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STATISTIK (STATISTICS)

1. x = N

x

2. x =

ffx

3. = N

xx 2)(

=

22

xNx

4. =

fxxf 2)(

=

22

xffx

5. m = CLmf

FN

+

21

6. I = 0

1

QQ

100

7. I =

i

ii

WIW

8. rn P =

!)(!rn

n

9. rnC =

!!)(!

rrn

n

10. P(A B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A B)

11. )( rXp = = rnrrn qpC , p + q = 1

12. Min (Mean) = np

13. = npq

14. Z =

X

GEOMETRI (GEOMETRY)

1. Jarak (Distance)

=2

212

21 )()( yyxx +

2. Titik tengah (Midpoint)

(x, y) =

++

2,

22121 yyxx

3. Titik yang membahagi suatu tembereng garis

(A point dividing a segment of a line)

(x, y) = 1 2 1 2,nx mx ny mym n m n

+ + + +

4. Luas segi tiga (Area of triangle) =

)()( 31231213322121

yxyxyxyxyxyx ++++

5. r = 22 yx +

6. r = 22 yx

yx

+

+ ji

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TRIGONOMETRI (TRIGONOMETRY) 1. Panjang lengkok, s = j Arc length, s = r

2. Luas sektor, L = 2

1

2j

Area of sector = 2

1

2r

3. AA 22 kossin + = 1

AA 22 cossin + = 1

4. A2sek = A2tan1 +

A2sec = A2tan1 +

5. A2kosek = A2kot1 +

A2cosec = A2cot1 +

6 sin 2A = 2 sinA kosA sin 2A = 2 sinA cosA

7. kos 2A = kos2 A sin2 A

= 2 kos2 A 1

= 1 2 sin2 A

cos 2A = cos2 A sin2 A

= 2 cos2 A 1

= 1 2 sin2 A

8. )(sin BA = sinA kosB kosA sinB )(sin BA = sinA cosB cosA sinB

9. )(kos BA = kosA kosB m sinA sinB )(cos BA = cosA cosB m sinA sinB

10. )(tan BA = BABA

tantan1tantan

m

11. tan 2A = A

A2tan1

tan2

12. A

a

sin =

Bb

sin =

Cc

sin

13. a2 = b2 + c2 2bc kosA

a2 = b2 + c2 2bc cosA

14. Luas segi tiga (Area of triangle)

=

2

1 ab sin C

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