plagiat merupakan tindakan tidak terpuji - core.ac.uk · p mri, mat eri penjum lah an pec ahan untu...

NARAJALEBMEP TAKGNAREP NAGNABMEGNEP

NALEDOMEP ISADOMOKAGNEM GNAY NAKIASELEYNEM MALAD

NAHACEP NAHALMUJNEP HALASAM IRMP NATAKEDNEP NAGNED

AVI SALEK 1 OTPICUSIDA IREGEN DS

ISPIRKS

tarayS utaS halaS ihunemeM kutnu nakujaiD nakididneP anajraS raleG helorepmeM

rasaD halokeS uruG nakididneP idutS margorP

:helO

hisainruK inrE

831431180 :MIN

RASAD HALOKES URUG NAKIDIDNEP IDUTS MARGORP

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NASURUJ

NAKIDIDNEP UMLI NAD NAURUGEK SATLUKAF

AMRAHD ATANAS SATISREVINU

ATRAKAYGOY

2102





ISPIRKS



:helO

hisainruK inrE

831431180 :MIN





ATRAKAYGOY

2102





ISPIRKS



:helO

hisainruK inrE

831431180 :MIN





ATRAKAYGOY

2102

PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJIPLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI

i





ISPIRKS



:helO

hisainruK inrE

831431180 :MIN





ATRAKAYGOY

2102

i





ISPIRKS



:helO

hisainruK inrE

831431180 :MIN





ATRAKAYGOY

2102

i





ISPIRKS



:helO

hisainruK inrE

831431180 :MIN





ATRAKAYGOY

2102


ii


iii


vi

NAMALAH OTTOM

nagnaujrep haubes halada pudiH

.nial gnaro irad kiab hibel idajnem ahasureb nagnaJ

.iridnes umirid irad kiab hibel idajnem kutnu halahasureB

.karegreb ulal isavitomret uggnunem halnagnaJ

B .isavitomret umak aggnihes halkaregre


v

NAMALAH NAHABMESREP

hakgnal paitesid nahadumek irebmem ulales nahuT

kujnutep sata asE ahaM gnaY nahuT adapek itilenep hisakamireT

naatreynep nad - .ispirks nanusuynep malad ayN

apek nakhabmesrepuk ini silut ayraK atnicret ukagraulek ad

inimuS ubI nad onoyiduS kapaB

owobiW ainruK idrA ukkidA

.aynnagnukud nad nautnab sata hisakamireT


iv

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP

ini silut ayas gnay ispirks awhab aynhuggnuses nagned nakataynem ayaS

ak naigab nupuata ayrak taumem kadit halet gnay ilaucek ,nial gnaro ayr

malad naktubesid .haimli ayrak aynkayal anamiagabes ,akatsup ratfad nad napituk

,atrakaygoY iluJ 3 2102

siluneP

hisainruK inrE


iiv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL

SIMEDAKA NAGNITNEPEK KUTNU HAIMLI ISAKILBUP

atanaS satisrevinU awsisaham ayas ,ini hawab id nagnat adnatreb gnaY

:amrahD

amaN hisainruK inrE :

awsisahaM romoN 831431180 :

adapek nakirebmem ayas ,nauhategnep umli nagnabmegnep imeD

dujreb gnay ayas haimli ayrak amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naakatsuprep :lu

narajalebmeP takgnareP nagnabmegneP y naledomeP isadomokagneM gna

d nahaceP nahalmujneP halasaM nakiaseleyneM mala natakedneP nagned

IRMP I saleK AV SD 1 otpicusidA iregeN

adapek nakirebmem ayas naikimed nagneD .nakulrepid gnay takgnarep atreseb

katsupreP nakhilagnem ,napmiynem kutnu kah amrahD atanaS satisrevinU naa

,atad nalakgnap kutneb malad aynalolegnem ,nial aidem kutneb malad

id aynnakisakilbupmem nad ,satabret araces nakisubirtsidnem i uata tenretn aidem

em ulrep apnat simedaka nagnitnepek kutnu nial nupuam ayas irad niji atnim

iagabes ayas aman nakmutnacnem patet amales ayas adapek itlayor nakirebmem

.silunep

.aynranebes nagned taub ayas ini naataynrep naikimeD

atrakaygoY id taubiD

:laggnat adaP 3 2102 iluJ

nakataynem gnaY

hisainruK inrE


iiiv

KARTSBA

inrE ,hisainruK .)2102( . gnay narajalebmeP takgnareP nagnabmegneP

halasaM nakiaseleyneM malaD naledomeP isadomokagneM nahaceP nahalmujneP IRMP natakedneP nagned DS AVI saleK N irege

.1 otpicusidA uruG nakididneP idutS margorP :atrakaygoY .ispirkSrasaD halokeS ,nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF , satisrevinU.amrahD atanaS

sinej nakapurem ini naitileneP gnay )D&R( nagnabmegnep naitilenep

nakgnabmegnem kudorp apureb narajalebmep takgnarep agned natakednep n ,IRMP DS VI salek awsis narajalebmep kutnu nahacep nahalmujnep iretam

halada ini naitilenep naujuT .2 retsemes narajalebmep takgnarep iuhategnem )1( )2( nad nakgnabmekid gnay gnay narajalebmep takgnarep nakgnabmegnem

ad naledomep isadomokagnem nahacep nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem mal.1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI salek IRMP natakednep nagned

nad isaulave laos ,SKL ,PPR ,subalis :irad iridret narajalebmep takgnareP

ikilimem narajalebmep takgnareP .raja nahab gnay IRMP sahk iric nakanuggnemep rajalebm ,kiranem gnay lautsketnok na awsis nakfitkagnem awsis utnabmem nad

iridnes arac nagned halasam nakiaseleynem itilenep ,ini naitilenep malaD . isiver pahat iapmas onoyiguS irad nagnabmegnep rudesorp nakanuggnem

kifidom imalagnem halet nad )epitotorp( :irad iridret nagnabmegnep rudesorP .isa nad aracnawaw( nahutubek sisilana nakukalem utiay ,halasam nad isnetoP )1( ,kudorp nagnabmegnep kutnu nakanugid gnay atad nalupmugnep )2( )isavresbo

,IRMP narajalebmep takgnarep nagnabmegnep utiay kudorp niasid )3( sesorp )4( araces nakukalid gnay isadilav tnemgduj trepxe irogetak 45,3 atarer lisah nagned

itilenep ,ilha irad nakusam iauses isiver nakukalem utiay isiver )5( ,kiab tagnas salek awsis adapek tekgna nakrabeynem nagned naacabretek iju nakhabmanem

eN DS BVI )6( nad kiab tagnas irogetak 55,3 lisah nagned 1 otpicusidA ireg 25,3 halada nopser tekgna lisah nagned satabret lepmas padahret isatnemelpmi

.kiab tagnas irogetak

imalagnem halet nakgnabmekid gnay kudorp ,naitilenep lisah nakrasadreBpahat - abmegnep pahat kudorp nad nagn malad gnologret .kiab tagnas irogetak

tapad kudorp hakapa iuhategnem kutnu naujutreb aguj isatnemelpmi naanaskaleP utiay satabret lepmas adap isatnemelpmi lisaH .halokes id nakanugid

k isadomokagnem halet narajalebmep takgnarep nagnabmegnep amile .IRMP kitsiretkarak awsis isadomokagnem halet aguj narajalebmep takgnareP

igetarts nakanuggnem kiab ,iridnes arac nagned nahalasamrep nakhacemem kutnu .nahacep nahalmujnep pesnok imahamem awsiS .lamrof igtarts nupuam lamrofni

ib nakirebmem halet uruG lamrofni igetarts irad inatabmejnem malad nagnibm.lamrof igetarts ujunem

naledomep ,IRMP ,narajalebmep takgnarep :icnuk ataK


xi

TSBA TCAR

.2102 .inrE ,hisainruK taht tnemurtsnI gninraeL fo tnempoleveD ehToitcarF fo gnivloS smelborP no gniledoM detadommoccA gnisU muS n

VI no hcaorppA IRMP .I otpicusidA iregeN DS ni edarg A etaudargrednU ydutS noitacudE rehcaehT loohcS yratnemelE :atrakaygoY .sisehT

ytlucaF ,margorP amrahD atanaS ,noitacudE dna gniniarT rehcaeT fo.ytisrevinU

,)D&R( epyt tnempoleved dna hcraeser saw hcraeser sihT depoleved taht4 eht fo lairetam mus noitcarf gnisu tnemurtsni gninrael IRMP ht 2 ni edarg dn

.retsemes ot demia saw hcraeser sihT swonk )1( )2( dna ,gninrael depolevedd fo gnivlos smelborp no gniledom detadommocca taht tnemurtsni gninrael poleve

.1 otpicusidA N DS ni edarg A VI no hcaorppa irmp gnisu mus noitcarf noitaulave ,SKL ,PPR ,suballys :fo detsisnoc stnemurtsni gninrael ehT

snoitseuq scitsiretcarahc IRMP dah stnemurtsni gninraeL .lairetam gninrael dnaetni htiw ,gninrael lautxetnoc gnitser stneduts eht gnitavitca stneduts gnipleh dna

sevlesmeht melborp eht devlos tnempoleved gnisu rehcraeser eht ,hcraeser siht nI . onoyiguS fo erudecorp ehT .deifidom neeb dah taht pets )epytotorp( noisiver litnu

eht gnizylana yb ,smelborp dna laitnetop )1( fo detsisnoc serudecorp tnempoleved ezylana ot desu saw taht noitcelloc atad )2( )noitavresbo dna weivretni( deen

ised tcudorp )3( tnempoleved tcudorp tnempoleved tnemurtsni gninrael IRMP ,ng erocs egareva eht htiw tnemgduj trepxe gnisu enod saw taht ssecorp ytidilav )4( ,noitseggus s’trepxe eht no desab gnisiver yb ,noisiver )5( )doog yrev( 45.3

rtsid yb tset ytilibadaer deifidom evig rehcraeser gnitubi eht ot eriannoitseuq eht6( dna ,)doog yrev( 55.3 erocs dah taht I otpicusidA N DS fo stneduts B VI )

saw tluser eriannoitseuq esnopser htiw elpmas detimil eht drawot noitatnemelpmi.)doog yrev( 25.3

empoleved dah tcudorp depoleved eht ,tluser eht no desaB eht dna spets tn eht fi tuo dnif ot demia saw noitatnemelpmi ehT .yrogetac doog yrev dah tcudorp noitatnemelpmi elpmas detimil fo tluser ehT .loohcs eht ni desu eb dluoc tcudorp evif esoht detadommocca dah tnempoleved tnemurtsni gninrael eht taht dewohs

MP detadommocca osla tnemurtsni gninrael ehT .scitsiretcarahc IR t stneduts eh .ygetarts lamrofni dna lamrof gnisu ,sevlesmeht melborp eht devlos stneduts ehT

.tpecnoc mus noitcarf tuoba swonk niag ot stneduts eht depleh osla rehcaet ehT.ygetarts lamrof

:drow yeK gninraeL i tnemurtsn , gniledom ,IRMP


x

RATNAGNEP ATAK

ainurak sata ,asE ahaM gnaY nahuT adapek naktajnap silunep rukuys ijuP

tamhar nad - .kiab nagned ini ispirks nakiaseleynem tapad silunep aggnihes ayN

“ ludujreb gnay silut ayraK gnay narajalebmeP takgnareP nagnabmegneP

lasaM nakiaseleyneM malad naledomeP isadomokagneM nahaceP nahalmujneP ha

IRMP natakedneP nagned AVI saleK kutnu nususid ,ini ”1 otpicusidA iregeN DS

1 atartS margorP idutS nakiaseleynem tarays utas halas ihunemem aF satluk

dorP ,nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK ,rasaD halokeS uruG nakididneP i

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

kiab nagned nalajreb naka kadit ini nasilunep awhab iradaynem siluneP

,uti anerak helO .kahip iagabreb irad nagnibmib nad nagnukud ,nautnab apnat

m silunep :adapek hisak amiret asar nakiapmayne

.1 kapaB idnahoR , nakididneP umlI nad naurugeK satlukaF nakeD ukales ,.D.hP

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU

.2 mR A.M ,.TSB ,.S.S ,.J.S ,atnaharguN irA suirogerG idorpaK ukales ,

.amrahD atanaS satisrevinU ,rasaD halokeS uruG nakididneP

.3 ubI halet gnay I gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales ,.dP .M ,initarP irS keinaH .arD

ispirks nanusuynep sesorp nasilunep ignipmadnem nad gnibmibmem

.ini nagnabmegnep

.4 ubI R irtiF akinoreV cS .M ,irasanai nay II gnibmibmeP nesoD ukales , halet g

gnibmibmem nad utnabmem ispirks nanusuynep sesorp nasilunep

ini nagnabmegnep .


ix

.5 kapaB s alapek ukales onoyraD .srD gnay 1 otpicusidA iregeN DS haloke

agnem kutnu silunep adapek natapmesek irebmem halet .naitilenep nakad

.6 ubI DS .dP .S ,haliramuJ 1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI salek urug ukales ,

halet gnay kudorp padahret isatnemelpmi sesorp utnabmem halet gnay

.nakgnabmekid

.7 .A ,oldiR ilA damahuM 1 otpicusidA iregeN DS BVI salek urug ukales ,.aM

.narajalebmep takgnarep naacabretek iju sesorp utnabmem halet gnay

.8 ukales ,cS.M ,iraS atamreP akinuyA .E ubI D halet gnay akitametam neso

.taubid gnay narajalebmep takgnarep isadilavmem

.9 ,BY .srD kapaB halet gnay III ijugnep nesoD ukales ,.A .M anassamidA

abmem utn weiverem sesorp malad nakiabrep .ispirks nanusuynep

.01 ,kida ,aut gnaro audeK otparpuS ojuP agraulek hurules nad idojD agraulek

lairetam nautnab nakirebmem halet gnay amatU , nad nagnukud vitom .isa

.11 awsiS - iregeN DS VI salek awsis A lepmas idajnem halet gnay 1 otpicusid

.naitilenep naracnalek utnabmem nad naitilenep

.21 T mi aerdnA :IRMP hulaG , adirflE ioR ,ecioJ in nad saerdnA irteV otna nad

namet - salohciN ,inaytsiluS irtuP ,A ruN adiraF :LPP namet idnA gnilas gnay

nad gnukudnem isuksidreb .ispirks nusuynem sesorp malad

.31 araduaS hugeT S.U namet , reb - 21 ,R.D akE ,S irtuP ,N nitsirK ,A.N adiraF :

rehT ,P.G aerdnA ,F.D analyeM ,L.A nekiN .E ,P.S atipsuP iwD ,W.T aise

S isnarF nad ,M akitrA.R , d nagnukud irebmem halet gnay malad nautnab na

usuynep sesorp .ispirks nan

.41 nameT - namet namet ,nytfelc - gnay CIIIV salek ,sok namet utnabmem halet

.ispirks nanusuynep sesorp naracnalek


iix

.51 utnabmem halet gnay utasrep utas naktubesid asib kadit gnay kahip huruleS

.silunep adapek nagnukud irebmem nad

,uti anerak helO .anrupmes irad huaj ini ispirks awhab iradaynem siluneP

taafnamreb ini nasilut agomeS .acabmep irad naras nakparahgnem silunep igab

.acabmep

siluneP

hisainruK inrE


iiix

ISI RATFAD

LUDUJ NAMALAH ................................ ................................ .................. i

GNIBMIBMEP NAUJUTESREP NAMALAH ................................ ........... ii

NAMALAH NAHASEGNEP ................................ ................................ .... iii

OTTOM NAMALAH ................................ ................................ ................ vi

NAMALAH NAHABMESREP ................................ ................................ .. v

AYRAK NAILSAEK NAATAYNREP NAMALAH ................................ .. iv

NAUJUTESREP NAATAYNREP RABMEL ................................ ............. iiv

KARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ iiiv

CARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ .. xi

RATNAGNEP ATAK ................................ ................................ ............... x

ISI RATFAD ................................ ................................ ............................. ix ii

LEBAT RATFAD ................................ ................................ ...................... ivx

RABMAG RATFAD ................................ ................................ .................. iivx

NARIPMAL RATFAD ................................ ................................ ............... iiivx

NAULUHADNEP I BAB

.A gnakaleB rataL ................................ ................................ ............... 1

.B halasaM nasumuR ................................ ................................ .......... 2

.C naitileneP naujuT ................................ ................................ ........... 3

.D kudorP isakifisepS ................................ ................................ .......... 3

.E nagnabmegneP ayngnitneP ................................ ............................. 4

.F naitileneP lisaH isubirtnoK ................................ ............................. 5

.G halitsI nasataB ................................ ................................ ................. 6


vix

II BAB AKATSUP NAIJAK

.A iroeT nasadnaL ................................ ................................ ............... 7

.1 akitametaM ................................ ................................ ............... 7

.2 itametaM nakididneP )IRMP( aisenodnI kitsilaeR ak .................. 10

.3 nahaceP ................................ ................................ ..................... 12

.4 narajalebmeP takgnareP ................................ ............................. 42

.B ileneP naveleR gnay nait ................................ ................................ .. 52

.C rikipreB akgnareK ................................ ................................ ........... 27

NAITILENEP EDOTEM III BAB

.A sineJ naitileneP ................................ ................................ ............... 29

.B asiD nagnabmegneP rudesorP nad ni ................................ ................ 92

.1 iasiD n nagnabmegneP ................................ ................................ . 92

.2 nagnabmegneP rudesorP ................................ ............................. 03

.C lepmaS nad isalupoP ................................ ................................ ....... 43

.1 buS j naitileneP ke ................................ ................................ ........ 43

.2 naitileneP tapmeT ................................ ................................ ....... 43

.3 naitileneP utkaW ................................ ................................ ......... 43

.D naitileneP nemurtsnI ................................ ................................ ....... 53

.1 ataD sineJ ................................ ................................ ................... 53

.2 mugneP nemurtsnI ataD nalup ................................ ..................... 53

.E ataD sisilanA kinkeT ................................ ................................ ....... 63

.1 fitatilauK sisilanA ................................ ................................ ....... 63

.2 fitatitnauK sisilanA ................................ ................................ ..... 73


vx

NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH VI BAB

.A nahutubeK sisilanA lisaH ataD sisilanA nad narapaP ..................... 93

.B nagnabmegneP niasiD narapaP ................................ ....................... 24

.1 bmegneP takgnareP nagna narajalebmeP ................................ ...... 24

.2 isadilaV niasiD ................................ ................................ ........... 44

.3 isiveR niasiD ................................ ................................ .............. 45

.4 elpmI em satabreT lepmaS adap isatn ................................ ........... 64

.C isatnemelpmI lisaH narapaP kudorP satabreT lepmas adap .............. 74

.1 naanaskaleP ispirkseD ................................ ................................ . 74

.2 nad naitileneP lisaH nasahabmeP ................................ ................ 94

.3 naledomeP kitsiretkaraK namukgnaR ................................ .......... 07

.D narajalebmeP isatnemelpmI iskelfeR ................................ ............... 47

V BAB NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK

.A nalupmiseK ................................ ................................ .................... 57

.B naraS ................................ ................................ .............................. 67

RATFAD AKATSUP ................................ ................................ ................ 87

NARIPMAL ................................ ................................ .............................. 18


ivx

LEBAT RATFAD

2.3 lebaT kudorP satilauK takgniT airetirK ................................ ................ 73

3.4 lebaT gnaR eP kitsiretkaraK namuk m naledo ................................ .......... 07


iivx

RABMAG RATFAD

lakitrev isasitametam nad latnoziroh isasitametaM 1.2.2 rabmaG ................ 81

ASIP isrev isasitametam sesorP 2.2.2 rabmaG ................................ ............ 81

1.2.3 rabmaG hakgnaL -l hakgna D&R edotem naanuggnep ......................... 03

2.2.3 rabmaG nagnabmegnep rudesorP ................................ ....................... 32

1.3.4 rabmaG lem awsiS rep nakuka agrah napap naniam ............................. 05

2.3.4 rabmaG awsiS ubeynepreb nahalmujnep alop naklupmiynem amas t ... 51

.3.4 rabmaG 3 awsiS adeb tubeynepreb nahalmujnep alop naklupmiynem ... 15

nakukalem awsiS 4.3.4 rabmaG neserp isat ................................ .................. 25

S 5.3.4 rabmaG tapadnep irebmem gnilas awsi ................................ ............ 35

.3.4 rabmaG 6 awsis naajrekep lisaH nahacep nakanahredeynem nagned .... 35

awsis naajrekep lisaH 7.3.4 rabmaG ratad nugnab rabmag nagned .............. 45

.3.4 rabmaG 8 amas gnay naigab agit idajnem gnotopid gnay uhaT .............. 56

.3.4 rabmaG 9 amas kadit gnay naigab agit idajnem gnotopid gnay uhaT ..... 65

.3.4 rabmaG 01 awsiS igabmem rabmag pme idajnem azzip naigab ta .......... 57

11.3.4 rabmaG awsiS amas naigab idajnem raga azzip rabmag tapilem ....... 75

.3.4 rabmaG 21 nakanuggnem awsiS aidem napap azzip .............................. 59

rabmaG awsis naajrekep lisaH 31.3.4 ................................ .......................... 95

rabmaG awsis naajrekep lisaH 41.3.4 ................................ .......................... 06

ep lisaH 51.3.4 rabmaG silut napap id awsis naajrek ................................ .... 56

lem awsiS 61.3.4 rabmaG agrah napap naniamrep nakuka ........................... 66

lem awsiS 71.3.4 rabmaG agrah napap naniamrep nakuka ........................... 66


iiivx

RATFAD NARIPMAL

)aracnawaW( nahutubeK sisilanA lisaH 1 naripmaL ................................ .. 18

nahutubeK sisilanA lisaH 2 naripmaL )isavresbO( ................................ ...... 38

subaliS 3 naripmaL ................................ ................................ ..................... 29

PPR 4 naripmaL ................................ ................................ .......................... 201

gnirokS namodeP 5 naripmaL ................................ ................................ ..... 711

nabawaJ icnuK nad SKL 6 naripmaL ................................ .......................... 121

isiK 7 naripmaL - isaulavE laoS isiK ................................ ............................ 631

nabawaJ icnuK nad isaulavE laoS 8 naripmaL ................................ ............ 141

rajA nahaB 9 naripmaL ................................ ................................ ............... 741

rajA iretaM 01 naripmaL ................................ ................................ ............ 461

sesorP naialineP kirbuR 11 naripmaL ................................ ......................... 961

takgnareP isadilaV lisaH 21 naripmaL ................................ ........................ 571

narajalebmeP takgnareP isadilaV ataD halO lisaH 31 naripmaL .................. 081

isiK 41 naripmaL - naacabreteK ijU tekgnA isiK ................................ ......... 581

ijU tekgnA lisaH 51 naripmaL naacabreteK ................................ ................ 681

naacabreteK ijU tekgnA ataD halO lisaH 61 naripmaL ............................... 881

isiK 71 naripmaL - awsiS nopseR tekgnA isadilaV isiK ................................ 981

awsiS nopseR tekgnA lisaH 81 naripmaL ................................ ................... 091

awsiS nopseR tekgnA isadilaV ataD halO lisaH 91 naripmaL ..................... 291

keP lisaH 02 naripmaL awsiS najare ................................ ............................ 391

awsiS naialineP lisaH 12 naripmaL ................................ ............................. 791

isatnemelpmI lisaH ispirksnarT 22 naripmaL ................................ ............. 002


xix

isatnemukoD 32 naripmaL ................................ ................................ ......... 922

naitileneP nijI taruS 42 naripmaL ................................ ................................ 432

naitileneP nakukaleM haleT nijI taruS 52 naripmaL ................................ .... 532

iluneP atadoiB 62 naripmaL s ................................ ................................ ...... 632


1

I BAB

NAULUHADNEP

hujut irad iridret gnay nauluhadnep ianegnem sahabid naka I bab adaP

,naitilenep naujut )3( ,halasam nasumur )2( ,gnakaleb ratal )1( utiay ,naigab

nabmegnep ayngnitnep )5( ,kudorp isakifiseps)4( nad naitilenep isubirtnok )6( ,nag

)7( halitsi nasatab .

.A gnakaleB rataL

akitametaM nakapurem gnay narajalep atam utas halas helo irajalepid

DS awsis nakisakilpaid tapad anerak irajalepid gnitnep tagnas akitametaM .

irahes napudihek malad - aguj akitametaM .irah malad nakparetid tapad

nakiaseleynem halasam - irahes napudihek adap halasam - .irah

)53.1 :3002( ayruS naksalejnem suret naka kana rikipreb naupmamek“

,numaN .aynsigolokisp nad kisif nagnabmekrep nagned nalajes gnabmekreb

lah pareynem kutnu naupmamek - halipret nad kartsba tafisreb gnay lah - halip

s pahat ikusamem akerem iapmas lucnum naka muleb laisifitra arace

.”kartsba uata lamrof lanoisarepo awsis nakbabeynem ini laH gnugnib asarem

tilus nad akitametam pesnok nakgnayabmem kutnu iretam irajalepmem malad

.nahacep S n ainud nagned naktiagnem ulrep awsi .ratikes nagnukgnil id atay

,aynlasiM awsis irajalepmem kutnu terknok adneb nakhutubmem iretam

.nahacep

tamagnep lisah nakrasadreB 21 laggnat adap aracnawaw nad na

1102 rebmevoN 1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI salek , nakumenem itilenep

bmep malad halasam aparebeb .akitametam narajale nakanuggnem hisam uruG


2

lanoisnevnok narajalebmep .hamarec edotem nagned rajagnem urug utiay ,

.rajagnem kutnu aidem nakanuggnem malad lamiskam muleb uruG ,uti nialeS

p s aggnihes nakgnaneynem gnaruk salekid narajalebme awsi amar gnurednec i .

awsiS kadit akereM .nahalasamrep imalagnem paites urug adap aynatreb akus

.iridnes arac nagned nakiaseleynem kutnu abocnem K akite awsis tapadnem

nakiaseleynem itnehreb nad maid gnurednec akerem ,tilus gnay laos

nahalasamrep gnay nakadniT.tubesret halada urug nakukalid gnusgnal

arac itukignem tapad awsis aggnihes ,tubesret naiaseleynep arac nakirebmem

urug nakirebid gnay . naktabikagnem ini laH ayngnaruk awsis namahamep

narajalebmep iretam padahret .

nakrasadreB nahalasamrep tubesret , itilenep abmegnem haubes nakgn

nakanuggnem narajalebmep takgnarep apureb kudorp natakednep RMP .I

narajalebmep takgnareP malad naledomep isadomokagnem tapad

nakiaseleynem susuhk ,akitametam narajalebmep adap halasam iretam ayn

.nahacep nahalmujnep

.B halasaM nasumuR

nakrasadreB gnakaleb ratal naksalejid gnay halasam akam ,sata id

akujaid gnay nahalasamrep nasumur :halada ini naitilenep malad n

.1 hakajas apA isadomokagnem gnay narajalebmep takgnarep naledomep

natakednep nagned nahacep nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem malad

IRMP 1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI salek ?


3

.2 B anamiaga isadomokagnem gnay narajalebmep takgnarep nagnabmegnep

nagned nahacep nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem malad naledomep

?1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI salek IRMP natakednep

.C naitileneP naujuT

sam nasumur nakrasadreB malad iapacid nigni gnay naujut ,sata id hala

halada ini naitilenep :

.1 kutnu nakgnabmekid gnay narajalebmep takgnarep iuhategneM

isadomokagnem nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem malad naledomep

1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI salek IRMP natakednep nagned nahacep .

.2 M ne gnabmeg k isadomokagnem gnay narajalebmep takgnarep na naledomep

natakednep nagned nahacep nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem malad

1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI salek IRMP .

.D kudorP isakifisepS

ikilimem ini naitilenep malad nakgnabmekid gnay kudorP isakifiseps

.tukireb iagabes

.1 iridret gnay narajalebmep takgnarep halada nakgnabmekid gnay kudorP

ajreK rabmeL ,)PPR( narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR ,subalis :irad

)SKL( awsiS raja nahab nad ,isaulave laos , natakednep nakanuggnem gnay

IRMP .

.2 taubid subaliS kepsa utiay ,rotakidni naigab adap isadomokagnem nagned

gok awsis tutnunem tubesret kepsa agiteK .fitkefa nad kiotomokisp ,fitin

.iridnes arac nagned halasam nakiaseleynem


4

.3 sahk iric pukacnem PPR IRMP kitsiretkarak amilek nataigek pukacnem nad

awsis atnimem gnay )KEE( isamrifnoK nad isarobalE ,isarolpskE

PPR .iridnes arac nagned halasam nakiaseleynem ,raja iretam ipakgnelid

.narajalebmep aidem atres naialinep kirbur atnimem PPR adap nataigeK

ned halasam nakiaseleynem awsis itukignem surah apnat iridnes arac nag

hakgnal - .urug nakirebid gnay hakgnal

.4 awsis nad atirec laos kutneb malad lautsketnok halasam nakanuggnem SKL

.iridnes arac nagned halasam nakiaseleynem atnimid

.5 wsis namahamep rukugnem kutnu nakanugid laos isaulave laoS malad a

.nahacep nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem

.6 raja nahaB ,kiranem taubid awsis imahapid hadum laos isireb nad - gnay laos

iridnes arac nagned halasam nakiaseleynem awsis atnimem .

.E nagnabmegneP ayngnitneP

nagnabmegneP nagned narajalebmep takgnarep iretam jnep nahalmu

nakparahid nahacep tametam rajaleb nataigek gnajnunem nakanuggnem aki

natakednep IRMP nagnabmegneP . takgnarep kutnu naujutreb ini

naledomep isadomokagnem halasam nakiaseleynem malad awsis iretam adap

.nahacep nahalmujnep y narajalebmep takgnareP natakednep nakanuggnem gna

abmej iagabes narajalebmep sesorp utnabmem tapad IRMP akitametam nat

takgnit akitametam ujunem )lamrofni( tirknok takgnit ( kartsba lamrof ).S awsi

nakparahid nugnabmem nahacep nahalmujnep pesnok nakiaseleynem nad

mujnep nahalasamrep nagned nahacep nahal .iridnes arac


5

.F naitileneP lisaH isubirtnoK

.1 itilenep igaB

.a gnay nagnabmegnep naitilenep nakukalem naupmamek naktakgnineM

nakanuggnem aynsusuhk narajalebmep sesorp utnabmem tapad

natakednep .IRMP

.b naktakgnineM naupmamek nusuynem takgnarep narajalebmep

.IRMP natakednep nakanuggnem akitametam

.2 urug igaB

.a naktakgninem tapad narajalebmep takgnarep irad nagnabmegnep lisaH

.nahacep nahalmujnep iretam aynsusuhk ,akitametam narajalebmep

.b S iulalem nakididnep satilauk naktakgninem malad namodep iagabe

IRMP natakednep nagned akitametam narajalebmep .

.c nakirebmem malad urug kinket naktakgnineM kutnu nagnibmib

lamrof igetarts ek awsis lamrofni igetarts inatabmejnem .

.3 awsis igaB

.a utnabmeM imahamem awsis pesnok .nahacep nahalmujnep

.b awsis sativitaerk naktakgnineM iretam adap halasam nakhacemem malad

p lamrofni igetarts iulalem kiab iridnes arac nakanuggnem nahace

.lamrof igetarts nupuam

.c .nial awsis nupuam urug nagned awsis iskaretni naktakgnineM

.4 halokes igaB

.a ulalem halokes satilauk nagnabmegnep nad naujamek irebmeM i

.akitametam narajalep atam adap awsis satilauk nad isatserp natakgninep


6

.b habmaneM nakanugnem akitametam narajalebmep ianegnem isnerefer

.IRMP natakednep

.G halitsI nasataB

.1 halada IRMP natakednep akitametam awhab gnadnamem gnay akitametam

lautsketnok narajalebmep anamid ,aisunam sativitka haubes halada ,

awsis igab ankamreb .aisenodnI id isidnok nagned nakiausesid nad

.2 natabmej iagabes isgnufreb gnay isasitametam sesorp halada naledomeP

hategnep irad nauhategnep ujunem tirknok takgnit akitametam nad nau

.lamrof takgnit akitametam

.3 lanoisar nagnalib halada nahaceP kutneb malad nakataynid gnay 𝑎𝑏

a nagned

b ,talub nagnalib nakapurem b nad b irad natapilek nakub a nad 0 ≠ b uata

.a rotkaf nakub

.4 halada narajalebmep takgnareP gnay anaras uata aidem nalupmukes

nakanugid gnay takgnareP .narajalebmep sesorp malad awsis nad urug

nakanugid itupilem ,)PPR( narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR ,subalis

,)SKL( awsiS nataigeK rabmeL aja nahab nad ,isaulave laos r.


7

II BAB

AKATSUP NAIJAK

agit irad iridret gnay akatsup naijak ianegnem sahabid naka II bab adaP

akgnarek )3( nad ,naveler gnay naitilenep )2( ,iroet nasadnal )1( utiay ,naigab

.rikipreb

.A iroeT nasadnaL

.1 akitametaM

.a akitametaM naitregneP

iridnes akitametam naitregneP :7002( hcilsuM malad relwoF turunem

)422 halada d nagnalib gnatnet irajalepmem gnay umli gnay gnaur na

.kartsba tafisreb

naitregnep uata isinifed aparebeb nakijaynem )11 :0002( idajdeoS

.akitametam gnatnet

)1 bac halada akitametaM risinagroret nad kaske nauhategnep umli gna

.kitametsis araces

)2 .isaluklak nad nagnalib gnatnet nauhategnep halada akitametaM

)3 nad kigol naralanep gnatnet nauhategnep halada akitametaM

.nagnalib nagned nagnubuhreb

)4 atkaf gnatnet nauhategnep halada akitametaM - nad fitatitnauk atkaf

.kutneb nad gnaur gnatnet halasam

)5 rutkurts gnatnet nauhategnep halad akitametaM - .kigol gnay rutkurts

)6 naruta gnatnet nauhategnep halada akitametaM - .tatek gnay naruta


8

namalagnep nairebmep sesorp halada akitametam narajalebmeP

rajaleb anacneret gnay nataigek naiakgnares iulalem kidid atresep adapek

akitametam nahab gnatnet isnetepmok helorepmem kidid atresep aggnihes

naksalejnem )031 :7002( onU.)62.1 :8002 ,oyteshuM( irajalepid gnay

tnem sativitka utaus halada akitametam rajaleb takekah imahamem kutnu la

nagnubuh nad itra - lobmis utaus nagnubuh - aynnakparetid naidumek ,lobmis

.atayn isautis adap rajaleb lisah nakakumegnem )381 :9991( otemalS

naupmamek 01 itupilem akitametam )ytiliba( .tukireb igabes

)1 nad tagnigneM ,isaton ,isinifed pakgnugnem pesnok nad isarepo .

)2 lobmis isalupinamem nad gnutihgnem natapetek nad natamreceK .

)3 lobmis ek atad nakhamejretneM .

)4 kilobmis kutneb malad lucnum gnay atad nakisaterpretnigneM .

)5 naitkubmep utaus uata naralanep rula utaus itukigneM .

)6 naitkubmep utaus nusuyneM .

)7 eM kitametam halasam adap pesnok nakparen .

)8 halasam adap pesnok nakanuggneM – sitametam non halasam .

)9 em nad halasam sisilanagneM .nakanugid gnay isarepo nakutnen

)01 akitametam )isasilreneg( namumuek nakumeneM .

nad arac naksalejnem )5 :1102( ayajiW malad smadA natakednep

urug nagnadnap helo ihuragnepid tagnas akitametam narajalebmep adap

gnatnet nagnadnaP .narajalebmep malad awsis nad akitametam padahret

:utiay ,macam tapme idajnem nakadebid uti narep nad isisop


9

)1 rikipreb kutnu arac utaus iagabes akitametaM

nad sigol retkarak anamiagab irad lawareb ini nagnadnaP

sisilanagnem ,nasagag isasinagrognem sesorp malad narepreb sitametsis

.atad ratna nalupmisek kiranem nad ,isamrofni

)2 nagnubuh nad alop gnatnet namahamep utaus iagabes akitametaM

( hsnoitaler dna nrettap pi )

nakgnubuhgnem ulrep awsis akitametam irajalepmem malaD

akerem hadus gnay nauhategnep nagned akitametam pesnok utaus

nautasek kutnu nakulrepid tagnas ini nagnubuh adap nanakeneP .ikilim

apad awsis aggnihes halokes akitametam malad pesnok satiunitnok nad t

irajalep akerem gnay pesnok utaus awhab iradaynem areges nagned

akerem hadus gnay pesnok nagned naadebrep uata naamasrep ikilimem

.irajalep

)3 ( tala utaus iagabes akitametaM loot a sa scitamehtam )

psa nad isakilpa kepsa helo ihuragnepid tagnas ini nagnadnaP ke

asib gnay akitametam pesnok kaynaB .akitametam pesnok irad harajes

irahes napudihek malad nakanug nad nakumet atik - ,irah araces kiab

.kadit nupuam radas

)4 isakinumokreb kutnu tala uata asahab iagabes akitametaM

vinu gnilap gnay asahab nakapurem akitametaM anerak lasre

halitsi iagabreb kutnu amas gnay ankam ikilimem akitametam lobmis

.adebreb gnay asahab irad

.b akitametaM kitsiretkaraK

.tukireb iagabes akitametam retkarak naktubeynem )24 :1102( ayajiW


01

)1 ( satilareneG ytilareneg )

tapad isasilareneg naupmameK narajalebmep nagned nakgnabmekid

.rutkurts nad ,isakifisalk ,igolana adap naknakenem gnay akitametam

)2 ( naitsapeK )ytniatrec

iskelfer nataigek nagned natiakreb naitsapeK ,)noitcelfer( isakifitsuj

)noitacifitsuj( naitkubmep nad .)gnivorp(

)3 ( natapeteK )ssentcaxe

( naledomep nagned natiakreb natapeteK gnilledom isasilobmis ,)

( gnizilobmys ( naisinifednep nad ) gninifed ).

)4 ( sakgniR )ytiverb

.isasitameks nad isasilobmis iulalem sakgnir idajnem naka akitametaM

kitsiretkarak naktubeynem )31 :0002( idajdeoS nakgnadeS

ametam :utiay akit

)1 kartsba naijak kejbo ikilimeM .

)2 natakapesek adap upmutreB .

)3 fitkuded rikip alopreB .

)4 itra irad gnosok gnay lobmis ikilimeM .

)5 naaracibmep atsemes nakitahrepmeM .

)6 aynmetsis malad netsisnoK .

.2 )IRMP( aisenodnI kitsilaeR akitametaM nakididneP

.a naitregneP IRMP

nakapurem IRMP natakgnis kitsilaeR akitametaM nakididneP irad

irad nagnabmegnep nakapurem IRMP .aisenodnI scitamehtaM citsilaeR


11

noitacudE huM .adnaleB irad lasareb gnay )EMR( )61.1 :8002( oytes

awhab naksalejnem lebmep utiay ,naakitametamep tubesid EMR naraja

ainud isautis nagned aynnaktiagnem utiay ,lautsketnok araces akitametam

ata awsis ratikes id atayn irahes napudihek naadaek u - irah .

akitametaM nakididneP malad awhab naksalejnem )12 :1102( ayajiW

of iagabes nakanugid kitsilaer nahalasamrep ,kitsilaeR malad isadn

( narajalebmep kutnu rebmus uata akitametam pesnok nugnabmem ecruos a

gninrael rof nakididneP naksalejnem )73 :0102( otnayruS nakgnadeS .)

akitametam nakididnep halada )IRMP( aisenodnI kitsilaeR akitametaM

irad isatpada lisah iagabes aM citsilaeR noitacudE scitameht halet gnay

nad ifargoeg ,ayadub isidnok nagned naksaralesid takaraysam napudihek

.aisenodnI

iroet nakrasadreb IRMP awhab nakakumegnem )2 :6002( onowsiS

atres isidnok nad isautis nagned nakgnabmekid gnay akitametam nakididnep

id sketnok iric irebmem raga ”aisenodnI” narihka irebid aggnihes ,aisenodnI

,idaJ .adebreb gnay ep halada IRMP natakedn gnadnamem gnay akitametam

narajalebmep anamid ,aisunam sativitka haubes halada akitametam awhab

lautsketnok , awsis igab ankamreb gned nakiausesid nad id isidnok na

.aisenodnI

.b pisnirP - IRMP pisnirP

uS nakakumegnem )14 :0102( otnayr gnay pisnirp aparebeb

.tukireb iagabes IRMP sitiroet rasad nakapurem

)1 noitnevnieR dediuG nad noitazitamehtaM evissergorP naumeneP(

gorP isasitametaM nad gnibmibreT araces ilabmeK )fiser


21

pisnirP noitnevnieR dediuG araces ilabmek naumenep halada

tapad gnay( kitsilaer gnay lautsketnok halasam iulaleM .gnibmibret

kipot gnudnagnem gnay ,)awsis helo imahapid uata nakgnayabid - kipot

atapmesek irebid awsis ,nakijasid gnay utnetret sitametam kutnu n

edi ilabmek nakumenem nad nugnabmem - .sitametam pesnok nad edi

P narajalebme nagned ilawaid kitsilaer gnay lautsketnok halasam

irad libmaid anerak ,awsis helo nakgnayabid uata imahapid hadum(

.)awsis namalagnep uata awsis ainud

nakgnadeS evissergorP M noitazitamehta )fisergorp isasitametam(

.”sitametam narikimepek haragnem gnay ayapu” iagabes nakitraid gnay

,naturureb gnay hakgnal aud sata iridret anerak fisergorp nakatakiD

lautsketnok halasam irad lawareb( latnoziroh isasitametam )i( utiay

irebid gnay lamrof gnay akitametam adap rihkareb nad nak )ii( nad )

kitrev isasitametam etam ek lamrof akitametam irad( la lamrof akitam

saul hibel gnay .)timur hibel uata

)2 ygolonemonehP lacitcadiD )sitkadiD igolonemoneF(

tafisreb gnay narajalebmep anemonef naknakenem ini pisnirP

kutnu lautsketnok halasam ayngnitnep naknakenem nad kididnem

kipot naklanekrepmem - halasaM .awsis adapek akitametam kipot

nakococek kepsa nakgnabmitrepmem nagned hilipid lautsketnok

ah gnay isakilpa nakococek nad narajalebmep malad isapisitnaid sur

sesorp malad ,noitnevnier uata ,arac ,naruta ,pesnok awhab itrareb gnay

nakuhatirebid uata nakaidesid kadit ,sitametsis ledom kusamret ,tafis

ta nakumenem kutnu iridnes ahasureb ulrep awsis ipatet urug helo ua


31

adaP .lautsketnok halasam adap lakgnapreb nagned iridnes nugnabmem

pakis uata ankamreb gnay namalagnep naknaketid ,ini narajalebmep

.akitametam padahret fitisop

)3 fleS - ledom depoleved )ledom iridnes nugnabmeM(

isgnuf aynada nakkujnunem ,ini pisnirp adaP gnay ”natabmej”

halasam adap lakgnapreb ini narajalebmep natakedneP .ledom apureb

adap nasabebek atres ,lamrof akitametam ek ujunem nad lautsketnok

.iridnes ledom nakgnabmegnem naka awsis aggnihes ,awsis

.c IRMP kitsiretkaraK

,fitakilpa rasad 5 iaynupmem IRMP nakapurem sugilakes gnay

tubesret kitsiretkarak naksalejnem )44 :0102( otnayruS .IRMP kitsiretkarak

.tukireb iagabes

)1 anuggneP sketnok na

adap amaturet ,lautsketnok halasam nakanuggnem ini narajalebmeP

tafis ,urab pesnok naumenep farat - nirp uata ,urab tafis pis - .urab pisnirp

kepsa kiab atayn gnay awsis nagnukgnil halada duskamid gnay sketnoK

nakakumekid lautsketnok halasaM .sigoloeg kepsa nupuam ayadub

awsis naknikgnumem kutnu duskam nagned narajalebmep lawaid

o ,isinifed ,pesnok utaus nakumenem nad nugnabmem tafis uata isarep

halasam ,uti nialeS .aynhalasam nahacemep arac atres ,sitametam

kutnu nakduskamid gnay narajalebmep hagnetid aguj tapad lautsketnok

id nakparetid akij nakgnadeS .nugnabid halet gnay apa ”nakpatnamem”

nem kutnu naujutreb narajalebmep rihka awsis naupmamek nakgnabmeg

.nugnabid halet gnay apa ”nakisakilpagnem”


41

,)23 :1102( ayajiW malad eerffoG nad srefferT turuneM

,gnitnep nanarep nad isgnuf aparebeb ikilimem sketnok nakkujnunem

:utiay

)a ( pesnok nakutnebmeP gnimrof tpecnoc .)

)b ( ledom nagnabmegneP m gnimrof ledo .)

)c ( napareneP .)ytilibacilppa

)d ( susuhk naupmamek hitaleM seitiliba cifiseps isautis utaus malad )

.naparet

)2 P ledom naanuggne

utkaw nakulremem gnires akitametam kipot utaus narajalebmeP

.iskartsba takgnit iagabreb irad karegreb atres ,gnajnap gnay malaD

macamreb tapad ledoM .ledom nakanugid ulrep uti kartsba - tapad ,macam

gnay ,asteks uata rabmag apureb terknokimes ,adneb apureb terknok

uata kartsba ek terknok irad natabmej iagabes nakduskamid aynaumes

.nial gnay kartsba ek kartsba irad

ledom aud adA utiay , fo ledom nad fo ledoM .rof ledom utiay

nakgnadeS .aynatayn halasam nagned pirim uata apures gnay ledom

rof ledom narikimep ek awsis nakharagnem gnay ledom nakapurem

.lamrof akitametam uata kartsba

)3 P awsis isubirtnok naanuggne

trepes awsis isubirtnoK isairav uata ,nabawaj isairav ,edi i

tapad awsis isubirtnoK .nakitahrepid ulrep halasam nahacemep

uata nakukalid ulrep gnay iskurtsnok saulrepmem uata ikiabrepmem


51

halasam nahacemep nagned nagnubuhes naklisahid ulrep gnay iskudorp

.lautsketnok

)4 P f nakanuggne fitkaretni tamro

urug nagned awsis aratna uata awsis nagned awsis aratna iskaretnI

tapad aguj sativitkaretnI .ini narajalebmep malad nakulrepid tagnas

atres akitametam nad awsis aratna uata ,anaras nad awsis aratna idajret

.nagnukgnil

)5 gninniwtretnI fnameM( )natiakretek naktaa

isnetsisnok nagned ,rutkurtsret gnay umli utaus halada akitametaM

tauk tauk tagnas pesnok nad kipot aratna natiakreteK .tatek gnay

kipot aratna isargetni aynada naknikgnumid aggnihes - ,uti nialeS .kipot

na natiakretek aynnaknaketid ulrep ratna uata kipotrat - .kipotbus

.d IRMP malad naledomeP kitsiretkaraK

kitsiretkarak utas halas nakapurem isasitametam uata naledomeP

irad lasareb isasitametam ataK .IRMP noitasitamehtam uata

noitazitamehtam ulrep gnay kepsa utas halas nakapurem ini naledomeP .

)14 :1102( ayajiW .kitsilaeR akitametaM nakididneP malad nakitahrepid

araces anemonef utaus naledomep iagabes isasitametam nakitragnem

utaus padahret naveler gnay akitametam iracnem itra malad( sitametam

rad akitametam pesnok utaus nugnabmem uata )anemonef utaus i

.anemonef ,idaJ p isgnufreb gnay isasitametam sesorp halada naledome

ujunem tirknok takgnit akitametam nad nauhategnep irad natabmej iagabes

.lamrof takgnit akitametam nauhategnep


61

uata level tapme naktubeynem )74 :1102( ayajiW malad rejiemevarG

:utiay ,ledom nagnabmegnep malad natakgnit

)1 lanoisautis leveL

anamid naledomep irad rasad gnilap level nakapurem lanoisautis leveL

isautis sketnok malad gnabmekreb hisam ledom nad nauhategnep

.nakanugid gnay halasam

)2 laisnerefer leveL

ledom ,ini level adaP id adareb kadit nakgnabmekid gnay igetarts nad

adaP .sketnok adap kujurem hadus naknialem ,isautis sketnok malad

sketnok isautis nakrabmaggnem kutnu ledom taubmem awsis ini level

irad ledom iagabes tubesid ini level adap naledomep lisah aggnihes

.isautis

)3 L lareneg leve

haragnem hadus awsis nakgnabmekid gnay ledom ,lareneg level adaP

tubesid ini level adap ledoM .sitametam araces isulos nairacnep adap

.halasam nakiaseleynem kutnu ledom

)4 lamrof leveL

mis nakanuggnem nagned ajrekeb hadus awsis ,lamrof level adaP nad lob

nad nasumurep pahat nakapurem lamrof pahaT .sitametam isatneserper

.awsis helo nugnabid gnay akitametam pesnok nasagenep

βaaM ayngnitnep nasala nakirebmem )64 :1102( ayajiW malad

:utiay ,akitametam rajaleb malad naledomep naupmamek nagnabmegnep


71

)1 eP awsis naakepek nakgnabmegnem malad narep ikilimem naledom

pesnok nakparenem asib akerem aggnihes akitametam taafnam gnatnet

.napudihek malad akitametam

)2 awsis utnabmem aynsurahes gnay tala utaus nakapurem akitametaM

purem naledomeP .napudihek imahamem malad gnay sativitka utaus naka

.atayn ainud nagned akitametam ainud inatabmejnem tapad

)3 halasam nahacemep malad gnitnep kepsa nakapurem naledomeP

( gnivlos melborp .)

)4 pesnok iasaugnem nad imahamem awsis utnabmem naledomeP

.hadum hibel nagned akitametam

)5 d naledomeP padahret awsis fitisop pakis nakgnabmegnem tapa

.akitametam

awhab naktubeynem )11 :7002( onosrawuS malad neziuhnaP

.lakitrev isasitametam nad latnoziroh isasitametam irad iridret isasitametam

)1 ziroH isasitametaM latno

latnoziroh isasitametaM isasilareneg sesorp nagned natiakreb

)gnizilareneg( ignep nagned ilawaid gnay akitametam pesnok naisakifitned

isasilausiv iulalem nakumetid gnay nagnubuh nad narutaretek nakrasadreb

.)24 :1102 ,ayajiW( halasam isasitameks nad

metam ,)7002( onosrawuS turuneM utiay latnoziroh isasita

naiaseleynep naklisahgnem kutnu lautsketnok halasam irad isasitametam

aretid naidumek gnay ,sitametam araces .alumes halasam ek ilabmek nakp


81

)2 lakitreV isasitametaM

( isasilamrof sesorp kutneb halada lakitrev isasitametaM gnizilamrof )

latnoziroh isasitametam adap helorepid gnay akitametam ledom anamid

hibel gnayakitametam pesnok nakgnabmegnem malad nasadnal idajnem

.)34 :1102 ,ayajiW( lamrof

isasitametam awhab naksalejnem )7002( onosrawuS nakgnadeS

apa irad isasitametam utiay lakitrev dus gnay .sitametam araces naklisahid ha

nakhasipid gnusgnal asib kadit tubesret ledom audek ,aynrasad adaP

tukireB .pahatreb nad naitnagreb araces idajret tubesret ledom audek ipatet

.isasitametam sesorp atres lakitrev nad latnoziroh akitametam nagab

lakitrev isasitametaM

latnoziroh isasitametaM

,7891 egnaL ed( lacitrev isasitametam nad latnoziroh isasitametaM 1.2.2 rabmaG

)ayajiW malad 54 lah

2.2.2 rabmaG ASIP isrev isasitametam sesorP

atayn ainud halasam isuloSsitametam pesnoK

atayn ainud sketnoK

atayn )ainud( isuloS )noituloS laeR(

sitametaM isuloS ( )noituloS lacitamehtaM

atayn ainud halasaM laeR( - )melborP dlrow

akitametam halasaM )melborP lacitamehtaM(


91

.e IRMP naanaskaleP isakilpmI

naanaskalep isakilpmI nad urug nataigek adap halada IRMP malad

)84 :0102 ,otnayruS( awsis .

)1 urug nataigek adap isakilpmI

nakanaskalem ulrep nad ”uruggnem” tafis iradnihgnem ulrep uruG

nakpaiynem nagned ,narajalebmep napaisrep anacnerep iagabes aynnarep

tsnok halasam taubmem uata kipotbus uata kipot nagned iauses lautke

kutnu nakparahid gnay .iridnes awsis helo nakhacepid nakpaiynem uruG

uluhad hibel ulrep aguj uruG .nakulrepid alib awsis udnamem kutnu irid

nakparahid gnay kipot bus uata nauhategnep irad anam gnay hilimem

abid naka .awsis uata kana helo nugn

)2 awsis nataigek adap isakilpmI

araces ,urug irad lautsketnok halasam amirenem awsis haleteS

nakhacemem uata bawajnem abocnem awsis arap kopmolek uata iridnam

.iridnes aynarac nagned halasam nakumenem kadit patet awsis alibapA

urug adapek aynulrepes aynatreb tapad awsis akam ,halasam nahacemep

laudividni araces kiab awsis ajrek lisaH .urug irad niji nagned namet uata

tapadnem kutnu ,salek atoggna aumes adapek naklipmatid kopmolek uata

J .salek atoggna irad kitirk uata napaggnat malad fitka tagnas awsis ,ida

.lautsketnok halasam nakajregnem

.f hakgnaL - IRMP narajalebmeP mumU hakgnaL

hakgnal nakakumegnem )05 :0102( otnayruS - narajalebmep hakgnal

.tukireb iagabes IRMP natakednep nagned akitametam

)1 salek napaisreP


02

)a sarp nad anaras napaisreP ,nakulrepid gnaynarajalebmep anara

.ayniagabes nad ,agarep tala ,SKL ,awsis ukub aynlasim

)b .ulrep akij ,awsis nakopmolegneP

)c gnay rasad isnetepmok uata narajalebmep naujut naiapmayneP

.uti irah iakapid naka gnay rajaleb arac atres ,iapacid nakparahid

)2 narajalebmep nataigeK

)a .)silutret uata nasil( atirec laos uata lautsketnok halasam irebid awsiS

.awsis imahapid hadum tubesret halasaM

)b irebid aynlaos uata halasam imahamem tapad muleb gnay awsiS

.aynulrepes nad takgnis nasalejnep

)c puata kopmolek araces awsiS uata laos nakajregnem ,laudividni nu

aynarac nagned nakirebid gnay lautsketnok halasam nakhacemem

.iridnes

)d awsis nuputas ada muleb ,pukuc gnadnapid gnay utkaw malad akiJ

nagnibmib nakirebmem urug ,nahacemep arac nakumenem tapad gnay

ynulrepes kujnutep uata gnay naaynatrep nakirebmem uata a

.gnatnanem

)e likaw uata awsis gnaro aparebeb ,sibah nakaidesid gnay utkaw haleteS

lisah uata aynajrek lisah nakiapmaynem awsis kopmolek

.aynnarikimep

)f awsiS - gnatnet ayntapadnep nakakumegnem kutnu irawatid awsis

seles iagabreb .tapet gnilap paggnaid gnay anam naia

)g .hilipid gnay raneb naiaseles adapek nanakenep irebmem uruG


12

)h awsis raga atnim urug ,raneb gnay naiaseles ada kadit hisam aliB

.nial arac hilimem

.3 nahaceP

.a naitregneP

.tukireb iagabes nahacep nakitragnem )6691( dnalepoC

)1 .)nahurulesek irad naigab( elohw a fo strap sA

)2 noitcarf a : tes a fo strap sA fo tes a fo strap tneserper nac sa stcejbo llew

tapad nahacep haubes : nalupmukes irad naigab( tinu elgnis a fo strap sa

d naigab itrepes adneb nalupmukes irad naigab nakkujnunem utaus ira

.)nautasek

)3 noisivid fo srotacidnI sA .)naigabmep irad rotakidni iagabes(

)4 nosirapmoc etacidni ot noitcarF nakkujnunem kutnu nahacep(

dnabrep .)nagni

)5 )akgna iagabes nahacep( slaremuN sa noitcarF .

gnay nagnalib halada lanoisar nagnalib naksalejnem )2 :8002( niesuH

kutneb malad nakataynid tapad 𝑎𝑏

halada b nad talub nagnalib halada a ,

,talub nagnalib )i( utiay ,aud idajnem igabid lanoisar nagnaliB .ilsa nagnalib

b )ii( nad ,b igabid sibah a alibapa ,nahacep nagnali sibah kadit a alibapa

.b igabid nakitraid tapad nahacep awhab naksalejnem )34 :0102( namureH

.hutu gnay utauses irad naigab nakapurem gnay nagnalib )8002( ailamA

naksalejnem nahacep malad nakataynid gnay lanoisar nagnalib halada

kutneb 𝑎𝑏

b ,talub nagnalib nakapurem b nad a nagned rotkaf nakub b ,0 ≠

.a irad


22

nakrasadreB ilha aparebeb irad tapadnep , libmagnem itilenep

awhab nalupmisek malad nakataynid gnay lanoisar nagnalib halada nahacep

kutneb ad a nagned ,talub nagnalib nakapurem b n b irad rotkaf nakub b ,0 ≠

.b irad natapilek nakub a uata a

.b nahaceP kutneB

:idajnem nakgnologid tapad nahaceP

)1 )asaiB nahaceP( asaib nahaceP

turuneM gnabmal halada asaib nahacep )1:3002( itayakuS

nad hacep nagnalib nakgnabmalem kutnu nakanugrepid gnay nagnalib

.)nagnidnabrep( oisar nakgnadeS )35:9891( irevirT “ fo rotaremun eht fI

a dellac si noitcarf eht neht ,rotanimoned sti naht ssel si noitcarf a

rp noitcarf repo ayntubeynep irad gnaruk nahacep irad gnalibmep akij(

)inrum nahacep tubesid nahacep akam ”.

)2 narupmac nahaceP

virT i )55:9891( ire awhab naksalejnem halada narupmac nahacep

nahacep malaD.inrum nahacep nad talub nagnalib irad halmuj

narupmac apnat nahalebesreb silutid asaib nahacep nad talub nagnalib

1 nahalmujnep lobmis = .

)3 lamised nahaceP

nakanuggnem naged silutid gnay nahacep halada lamised nahaceP

gnaruk tubesret nagnalib awhab nakkujnunem kutnu ),( amok adnat

rad .1 i d tapad lamised nahaceP tubeynep habugnem nagned helorepi

.01 natapilek idajnem nahacep

:aynlasiM x = .5,0 lamised nahacep nagned silutid tapad

22





.b nahaceP kutneB









)2 narupmac nahaceP





)3 lamised nahaceP






22





.b nahaceP kutneB









)2 narupmac nahaceP





)3 lamised nahaceP







32

)4 nesreP

001 ayntubeynep gnay asaib nahaceP .sutaresrep itrareb nesreP

rep aynitra gnay % nagned nakgnabmalid nesreP .nesrep tubesid

.sutares :aynlasiM % 57 = .

.c nahacep nahalmujneP

nakhalmujnem hadumes kadit nahacep nagnalib nahalmujneP

nad nahabmanep“ nakatagnem )751 :8891( skraM .hacac nagnalib

alib nagnarugnep higgnac hibel gnay narikimep nakulremem nahacep nagn

ini lah malad babes ,hacac nagnalib kutnu nakanugid gnay adapirad

aggnihes ilabmek naamanep ,nagnalib nagnasap nagned nagnubuhreb

.”ayngnalibmep aynah nahabmanep nad amas ayntubeynep

)481 :7002( idraluS ada nahacep nahalmujnep awhab naktubeynem

aud nahalmujnep nad amas tubeynepreb nahacep nahalmujnep utiay ,

,amas tubeynepreb nahalmujnep kutnU .amas kadit tubeynepreb nahacep

nahalmujnep nakgnades patet ayntubeynep ,ajas ayngnalibmep nakhalmuj

gnay nahacep uluhad hibelret nakamasid tubeynep amas kadit tubeynepreb

.KPK iracnem nagned

tapad nahacep nahalmujmep naksalejnem )11 :3002( itayakuS

nakadebid nahacep nahalmujneP .terknok ledom nagned nakagarepid

idajnem aud ayntubeynep gnay nahacep nahalmujnep utiay , nad amas

acep nahalmujnep h .amas kadit ayntubeynep gnay na

awhab nalupmisek libmagnem itilenep ,naikimed nagneD

p nahacep nahalmujne irad iridret amas tubeynepreb nahacep nahalmujnep

nahalmujnep nad nahalmujneP .amas kadit tubeynepreb nahacep

32

)4 nesreP
















.KPK iracnem nagned








32

)4 nesreP
















.KPK iracnem nagned









42

mas tubeynepreb ayngnalibmep nakhalmujnemnagned nakiaselesid tapad a

P .patet ayntubeynep gnades ajas tubeynepreb gnay nahacep nahalmujne

amas kadit aynem nagned nakiaselesid tapad nakam ayntubeynep hibelret

.KPK iracnem nagned uluhad

.4 narajalebmeP takgnareP

idrahuS p naksalejnem )1 :8002( idnA malad narajalebmep takgnare

awsis nad urug helo nakanugid gnay anaras uata aidem nalupmukes halada

lad S.salek id narajalebmep sesorp ma narajalebmep takgnarep naiakgnare

ebmep ipadahgnem malad urug gnaroes nakpaisrepid surah gnay id narajal

salek . takgnarep naitregnep nakakumegnem aguj )1 :9002( udE

urug helo nakukalid gnay napaisrep dujuw utas halas iagabes narajalebmep

.narajalebmep sesorp nakukalem akerem mulebes

halada narajalebmep takgnarep nakpakgnugnem )8002( idsuR

alupmukes urug helo narajalebmep sesorp malad nakanugid gnay aidem n

narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR utiay nakanugid gnay aideM .awsis nad

nataigeK rabmeL ,)GPB( uruG nagnageP ukuB ,)SB( awsiS ukuB ,)PPR(

.rajaleB lisaH seT nad ,)SKL( awsiS y narajalebmep takgnareP gna

narajalebmep sesorp malad nakanugid tapad ,subalis ,awsis ukub itupilem

,)SKL( awsiS nataigeK rabmeL ,)PPR( narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR

ep aidem nad ,set tnemurtsni .)69 :0102 ,otnairT( narajalebm

ilha aparebeb irad tapadnep nakrasadreB d itilenep , tapa

awhab naklupmiynem p halada narajalebmep takgnare aidem nalupmukes

.narajalebmep sesorp malad awsis nad urug nakanugid gnay anaras uata

naanaskaleP anacneR ,subalis itupilem nakanugid gnay takgnareP


52

laos ,)SKL( awsiS nataigeK rabmeL ,)PPR( narajalebmeP nad ,isaulave

.raja nahab

.B naveleR gnay naitileneP

naitileneP .naveler gnay naitilenep aparebeb helorepmem itileneP -

.tukireb iagabes nakrabajid naka tubesret naitilenep

.1 ledoM“ ludujreb gnay 9002 nuhat ,iradnayruS yseD annaH helo naitileneP

narajalebmeP II irkpoB DS VI saleK id taluB nagnaliB pesnoK lawA I

.”kitsilaeR natakedneP nagned

huragnep iuhategnem naujutreb gnay fitatilauk tafisreb ini naitileneP

natakednep nagned talub nagnalib pesnok lawa narajalebmep ledom

eek ,awsis namahamep padahret kitsilaer gnay narajalebmep navitkef

dap awsis adap idajret gnay fitingok nahaburep nad nakanugid sesorp a

.tubesret narajalebmep

narajalebmep iretaM .fitatilauk tafisreb ini ispirks nasilunep edoteM

nagned nakgnabmekid narajalebmep nakgnades ,PSTK nakrasadreb

edotem ,nakukalid gnay sisilana nakrasadreB .kitsilaer natakednep

gnay talub nagnalib pesnok lawa narajalebmep ledom nagnabmegnep

sativitaerk ,namahamep iges irad ,kiab huragnep awabmem nakabocid

.awsis fitingok nupuam

lupmiseK halada naitilenep lisah na abmegnep pesnok ledom nagn

awsis utnabmem )a( kitsilaer natakednep nagned talub nagnalib

,talub nagnalib iretam imahamem utnabmem malad nakukalid fitkefe )b(


62

awsis nad,talub nagnalib iretam imahamem )c( awabmem nahaburep

fitingok awsis igab .

naitilenep nakrasadreB kutnu kiratret itilenep ,sata id

nahalmujnep iretam adap IRMP narajalebmep takgnarep nakgnabmegnem

pesnok imahamem muleb gnay awsis kaynab anerak ini laH .nahacep

awsis utnabmem nakparahid takgnarep nagnabmegneP .nahacep

retaM .narajalebmep pesnok imahamem natujnal nakapurem aguj nahacep i

.talub nagnalib pesnok irad

.2 helo naitileneP “ ludujreb gnay 0102 nuhat ,anahargunA irdnA huragneP

sativitkA padahret kitsilaeR natakedneP nagned akitametaM narajalebmeP

DS awsiS rajaleB lisaH nad .”

ini naitileneP narajalebmep huragnep pakgnugnem kutnu naujutreb

lisah nad sativitka padahret kitsilaer natakednep nagned akitametam

nakapurem ini naitileneP .nahacep kokop amet adap DS awsis rajaleb

lisah nad awsis sativitka takiret lebairav nagned nemirepske naitilenep

akitametam natakednep halada aynsabeb lebairav nad akitametam rajaleb

.lanoisnevnok natakednep nad kitsilaer

akitametam narajalebmep awhab nakkujnunem naitilenep lisaH

nad sativitka padahret fitisop huragnepreb kitsilaer natakednep nagned

sis rajaleb lisah nakanuggnem nagned rajaid gnay awsiS .DS aw

kaynab hibel laos 4 raneb bawajnem upmam kitsilaer natakednep

.lanoisnevnok natakednep nagned rajaid gnay awsis nagned nakgnidnabid

hibel awsis taubmem IRMP awhab nakkujnunem aguj naitilenep lisaH


72

orp malad fitka nagned nakgnidnabid akitametam narajalebmep ses

.hamarec edotem nakanuggnem gnay lanoisnevnok narajalebmep

nakanugid gnay naveler naitilenep nakapurem sata id naitileneP

itilenep anerak ini nagnabmegnep naitilenep nusuynem kutnu itilenep

halasamrep tahilem gnay satabret lepmas DS adap amas gnay na

abocnem itileneP .lanoisnevnok narajalebmep nakanuggnem

awsis rajaleb lisah raga IRMP narajalebmep takgnarep nakgnabmegnem

.kiab hibel

.C rikipreB akgnareK

gnitnep gnay narajalep halada akitametaM irajalepid kutnu . M akitameta

irahes napudihek adap halasam nakiaseleynem malad nakparetid tapad aguj -

s ,uti anerak helO .irah nad kiab gnay pesnok namahamep nakhutubmem awsi

.nahacep iretam adap aynlasim ,iretam irajalepmem malad kartsba rikipreb arac

irajalepmem malaD iretam nahacep , kulrepid gnay kiranem narajalebmep na

.pesnok imahamem awsis utnabmem upmam

narajalebmep nakanuggnem gnurednec akitametam narajalebmeP

irajalepmem malad hamarec edotem nagned rajagnem urug utiay ,lanoisnevnok

aruk salek id narajalebmeP .akitametam awsis aggnihes nakgnaneynem gn

awsiS .iamar gnurednec arac nagned nakiaseleynem kutnu abocnem kadit

gnusgnal awsis nad iridnes urug nakirebid gnay arac itukignem . ini laH

iretam padahret awsis namahamep naktabikagnem hisam nahacep naruk .g

amrep nakrasadreB nakgnabmegnem itilenep ,tubesret nahalas takgnarep

arajalebmep apureb n ,isaulave laos ,SKL ,PPR ,subalis nad raja nahab


82

nagned nakapurem IRMP natakedneP .IRMP natakednep nakanuggnem

natakednep lautsketnok araces narajalebmep anamid akitametam narajalebmep

y .awsis napudihek nagned taked gna akitametam narajalebmep halada IRMP

,aisunam sativitka haubes halada akitametam awhab gnadnamem gnay

awsis igab ankamreb .aisenodnI id isidnok nagned nakiausesid nad

IRMP narajalebmep takgnareP ini taubmem tapad nakparahid

pesnok imahamem awsis utnabmem upmam nad kiranem hibel narajalebmep

narajalebmep takgnareP .nahacep nahalmujnep aguj isadomokagnem

.nahacep nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem malad naledomep naanuggneP

id IRMP narajalebmep takgnarep awsis utnabmem upmam nakparah

.iridnes arac nagned halasam nakiaseleynem


92

III BAB

NAITILENEP EDOTEM

amil irad iridret gnay naitilenep edotem ianegnem sahabid naka III bab adaP

)1( utiay ,naigab sinej )3( ,nagnabmegnep rudesorp nad niasid )2( ,naitilenep

( nad ,naitilenep nemurtsni)4( ,lepmas nad isalupop 5 .atad sisilana kinket )

.A sineJ naitileneP

nakgnabmegnem nad iuhategnem halada ini naitilenep irad naujuT

malad naledomep isadomokagnem gnay narajalebmep takgnarep

nahacep nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem salek IRMP natakednep nagned

j ,uti anerak helO .1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI nakanugid gnay naitilenep sine

( D&R uata nagnabmegnep nad naitilenep halada tnempoleveD dna hcraeseR .)

nad naitilenep edotem“ nakatagnem )792 :1102( onoyiguS

tem halada nagnabmegnep naklisahgnem kutnu nakanugid gnay naitilenep edo

.”tubesret kudorp nafitkefeek ijugnem nad ,utnetret kudorp kutnU

nahutubek sisilana tafisreb gnay naitilenep nakanugid kudorp naklisahgnem

.tubesret kudorp nafitkefeek ijugnem nad

.B megneP rudesorP nad niasiD nagnab

.1 nagnabmegneP niasiD

tilenep helo nakgnabmekid gnay niasiD takgnarep apureb i

utiay sahk iric ikilimem taubid gnay narajalebmep takgnareP .narajalebmep

natakednep nakanuggnem IRMP tapad aguj narajalebmep takgnareP .

malad naledomep isadomokagnem leynem nakiase iretam adap halasam


03

.nahacep nahalmujnep narajalebmep takgnareP ad iridret taubid gnay :ir

naanaskaleP anacneR ,subalis awsiS ajreK rabmeL ,)PPR( narajalebmeP

( .raja nahab nad isaulave laos ,)SKL

.2 nagnabmegneP rudesorP

hakgnaL - malad hakgnal adap nakkujnutid nagnabmegnep naitilenep

.)892 :1102 ,onoyiguS( tukireb rabmag

1.2.3 rabmaG hakgnaL - tnempoleveD dna hcraeseR edoteM naanuggnep hakgnal

)D&R(

.a halasaM nad isnetoP

ialin ikilimem naka nakanugayadid alib gnay utauses alages halada isnetoP

mat nakparahid gnay aratna nagnapmiynep halada halasam nakgnadeS .hab

.idajret gnay nagned

.b isamrofnI naklupmugneM

gnay utnetret kudorp naanacnerep kutnu nakanugid isamrofni nalupmugneP

.halasam isatagnem tapad nakparahid

nad isnetoPhalasam

upmugneP - atad nal

niasiDkudorp

isadilaVniasid

isiveRniasid

abocijUkudorp

isiveRkudorp aboc ijU

naiakamep

isiveRkudorp lasam kudorP


13

.c niasiD kudorP

itileneP taubmem niasid p .aynisakifiseps nagned pakgnel gnay kudor

.d isadilaV niasiD

isadilaV niasid nagnacnar hakapa ialinem kutnu nataigek sesorp nakapurem

hadus gnay ilha aganet uata rakap aparebeb nakridahgnem nagned kudorp

.gnacnarid gnay urab kudorp ialinem kutnu namalagnepreb

.e nakiabreP niasiD

nahamelek ikiabrepmem itileneP niasid .isadilavid hadus gnay

.f kudorP aboC ijU

niasiD epitotorp kutneb malad taubid naka isiverid nad isadilavid halet gnay

.aboc ijuid naka gnay

.g kudorP isiveR

niasiD gnay ajrek adap igal nakabocijuid tapad raga isiverid kudorp

.aynhuggnuses

.h naiakameP aboC ijU

.saul gnay pukgnil kutnu atayn isidnok malad nakparetid tapad kudorP

.i kudorP isiveR

tapadret atayn isidnok naiakamep malad alibapa nakukalid kudorp isiveR

narukek .nahamelek nad nag

.j lasaM kudorP nataubmeP

aboc ijuid halet kudorp alibapa nakukalid lasam kudorp nataubmeP

.lasam iskudorpid kutnu kayal nad fitkefe nakataynid

P itukignem nagned nagnabmegnep rudesorp nakanuggnem itilene

hakgnal - onoyiguS turunem hakgnal ipatet niasid isiver pahat iapmas aynah


23

anamid naitilenep utkaw nasatabretek aynada nakbabesid ini laH .)epitotorp(

naitilenep nakapurem nagnabmegnep naitilenep raey itlum naanaskaleP .

pahat - nuhat nakanaskalid surah ayntujnales pahat - nerak ayntukireb nuhat a

.ayntukireb nuhat paneg retsemes id nakrajaid nahacep nahalmujnep iretam

,uti anerak helO .nial itilenep helo naktujnalid tapad naitilenep ,uti nialeS

rudesorP .amilek pahat iapmas nagnabmegnep nakukalem aynah itilenep

imalagnemagujnakanugid gnay kifidom nagned isa nakukalem isatnemelpmi

.satabret lepmas padahret nakukalem aguj itileneP naacabretek iju isiver nad

nakukalem itileneP .niasid isadilav pahat adap naacabretek iju lisah

halokes id nakanugid asib takgnarep awhab naknikayem kutnu isakifidom

gnihes .kudorp aboc iju nakukalid kutnu naknikayem ag rudesorP

adap tahilret nagnabmegnep rabmag ini hawab id .

rabmaG 2.2.3 nagnabmegneP rudesorP isakifidoM imalagneM gnay

.a halasam nad isnetoP

1 otpicusidA iregeN DS id halasam nad isnetop iracnem itileneP

urug nagned aracnawaw utiay ,nahutubek sisilana nakukalem nagned nad

itametam narajalebmep amales isavresbo nakukalem ka lepmas adap

satabret .

isnetoP nadhalasaM

nalupmugnePatad

niasiDkudorp

isadilaVniasid

isiveRniasid

isatnemelpmI lepmas adap

satabret


33

.b atad nalupmugneP

kutnu iauses gnay rutaretil nad atad naklupmugnem itileneP

.narajalebmep takgnarep apureb gnay niasid nakgnabmegnem

.c kudorP niasiD

P narajalebmep takgnarep apureb kudorp niasid taubmem itilene gnay

irad iridret subalis rabmeL ,)PPR( narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR ,

eK nad isaulave laos ,)SKL( awsiS ajr raja nahab itilenep ,uti nialeS .

nusuynem raja iretam gnay narajalebmep aidem nad naialinepkirbur ,

.PPR malad taumret

.d V isadila niasiD

alid narajalebmep takgnarep isadilaV araces nakuk tnemgduj trepxe

helo .urug 1 nad nesod 3 utiay ,ilha 4

.e isiveR niasiD

nad isadilav lisah nakrasadreb narajalebmep takgnarep isiveR

nakusam - .ilha aganet irad nakusam

adap isakifidom nakukalem itilenep ,niasid isiver nakukalem haleteS

.naacabretek iju habmanem nagned niasid isadilav naigab naacabretek ijU

iregeN DS BVI salek awsis adap tekgna igabmem nagned nakanaskalid

1 otpicusidA awsis 43 halmujreb gnay cabretek ijU . kutnu naujutreb naa

hab utiay ,awsis nakanugid gnay narajalebmep takgnarep isadilavmem na

p ayntujnaleS .isaulave laos nad SKL ,raja kutnu isiver nakukalem itilene

ikiabrepmem isaulave laos nad SKL ,raja nahab iju lisah iuhategnem haletes

.naacabretek


43

.f satabret lepmas adap isatnemelpmI

isiverid nad isadilavid halet gnay narajalebmep takgnareP

.satabret lepmas adap nakisatnemelpmiid kutnu nakduskamid isatnemelpmI

gnay takgnarep hakapa naknikayem id kutnu kayal taubid id nakabociju

halokes .

.C aS nad isalupoP lepm

isiver pahat adap iapmas aynah ini nagnabmegnep naitilenep rudesorP

nad isalupop aggnihes nakaboc ijuid muleb narajalebmep takgnareP .niasid

lepmas adap isatnemelpmi nakukalem itileneP .nakutnetid muleb lepmas

narajalebmep takgnarep padahret satabret .nakgnabmekid halet gnay nupadA

lepmas .tukireb iagabes satabret

.1 naitilenep kejbuS

DS AVI salek urug nad awsis halada ini naitilenep malad kejbuS

salek awsiS .2102/1102 naraja nuhat paneg retsemes 1 otpicusidA iregeN

d iridret gnay ,awsis 63 halmujreb AVI ikal 81 nad naupmerep 81 ira - .ikal

.2 naitileneP tapmeT

,1 otpicusidA iregeN DS halada nakanugid gnay naitilenep tapmeT

ojrahowugaM ,itnaJ nalaJ ,otpicusidA dunaL kelpmoK .I.D namelS kopeD

d irat gnaur halada naitilenep malad nakanugid gnay gnauR .atrakaygoY na

.AVI salek gnaur

.3 natileneP utkaW

nakanaskalid ini naitileneP nagned iapmas 1102 rebmevoN nalub irad

.2102 iluJ


53

.D naitileneP nemurtsnI

.1 ataD sineJ

halada ini nagnabmegnep naitilenep malad helorepid gnay atad sineJ

sisilana lisah irad lasareb fitatilauk ataD .fitatitnauk atad nad fitatilauk atad

nad salek id narajalebmep amales isavresbo apureb gnay nahutubek

isah isavresbo atres urug nagned aracnawaw lepmas adap isatnemelpmi l

naialinep lisah irad helorepid fitatitnauk ataD .satabret ilha padahret

naacabretek iju tekgna irad lisah ,)isadilav rabmel( narajalebmep takgnarep

.awsis nopser tekgna irad lisah nad

.2 ataD nalupmugneP nemurtsnI

upmugnep nemurtsnI rabmel halada nakanugid gnay atad nal

.isatnemukod nad tekgna ,isadilav rabmel ,aracnawaw namodep ,isavresbo

.a isavresbo rabmeL

adap isavresbo nad lawa isavresbo kutnu nakanugid isavresbo rabmeL

adap isatnemelpmi naanaskalep isavresbo rabmeL .satabret lepmas lawa

narajalebmep padahret natamagnep nakukalem kutnu nakanugid gnay

nakanugid ( nahutubek sisilana ) kutnu nakanugid aguj isavresbo rabmeL .

narajalebmep takgnarep naanuggnep itamagnem adap isatnemelpmi

l ,uti nialeS .satabret lepmaspadahret itilenep nakanugid isavresbo rabme

lah tatacnem kutnu - makeret kadit gnay gnitnep lah latigidaremac nad

enohpdnah .

.b aracnawaw namodeP

padahret aracnawaw naudnap iagabes nakanugid aracnawaw namodeP

.1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI salek urug


63

.c isadilav rabmeL

bmeL isadilav ra halada nakanugid gnay takgnarep isadilav rabmel

narajalebmep . kutnu nakanugid narajalebmep takgnarep isadilav rabmeL

nakgnabmekid gnay kudorp aggnihesnarajalebmep takgnarep isadilavmem

lokes id aynnakanuggnem kutnu itilenep naknikayem nad dilav .ha

.d tekgnA

nopser tekgna nad naacabretek iju tekgna halada taubid gnay tekgnA

naacabretek isadilavmem kutnu nakanugid naacabretek iju tekgnA .awsis

.isaulave laos nad SKL ,raja nahab utiay ,awsis nakirebid naka gnay kudorp

hategnem kutnu nakanugid awsis nopser tekgnA awsis nopser iu haletes

nakukalem .IRMP narajalebmep takgnarep nagned isatnemelpmi

.e isatnemukoD

otof halada ini naitilenep adap isatnemukoD - oediv namaker nad otof

libmaid otof nad oediv namakeR .satabret lepmas isatnemelpmi taas adap

nakanuggnem igid aremac lat nad pdnaH .enoh

.E ataD sisilanA kinkeT

nad fitatilauk fitpirksed araces sisilanaid itilenep helorepid gnay ataD

.fitatitnauk fitpirksed

.1 fitatilauK sisilanA

nad urug adapek aracnawaw ,isavresbo lisah irad helorepid gnay ataD

jnem sisilanaid oediv namaker nad isavresbo lisah ataD .fitatilauk atad ida

kutnu nahutubek sisilana iagabes nakanugid urug adapek aracnawaw

.kudorp taubmem


73

oediv namaker ataD isatnemelpmi lisah utiay ,nakispirksnartid

alebmep sesorp malad idajret gnay utauses alages ilabmek nakijaynem naraj

silutret isaran kutneb malad aynadaes gnay lisah irad ipakgnelid

.natamagnep naigab adap nakukalid ispirksnarT - gnay utnetret naigab

gnay ataD .IRMP natakednep nakanuggnem narajalebmep nakkujnunem

rad helorepid oediv namaker ispirksnart i nakispirksednem kutnu sisilanaid

nahacemep adap lucnum gnay naledomep aynsusuhk IRMP retkarak

.nahacep nahalmujnep halasam

.2 fitatitnauK sisilanA

idajnem sisilanaid tekgna nad isadilav lisah irad helorepid gnay ataD

alaks hilimem itileneP .fitatitnauk atad ikilimem nednopser raga tapme

.salej hibel gnay pakis naanuggneP idajret gnires amil alaks narukugnep

,ipadraM( agit irogetak adap nabawaj hilimem nednopser nagnurednecek

.)121 :8002

inaiteS hamitaF isatresid malad rawzA turuneM 02( 11 : 171 ) a , nauc

airetirk ,nasitkarpek ,nadilavek takgnit nakutnenem kutnu nakanugid gnay

nafitkefeek nad nemsessa kudorp padahret satilauk airetirk nakrasadreb

.3 lebat adap nakijasid 2.

.3 lebaT 2 kudorP satilauK takgniT airetirK

akgnA ataR rokS lavretnI - atar irogetaK

4 M < 52,3 00,4 < kiaB tagnaS

3 52,3 < M < 05,2 kiaB

2 05,2 < M < 57,1 kiaB gnaruK

1 57,1 < M < 00,0 kiaB kadiT

)171 :1102( inaiteS :rebmuS


83

:nagnareteK

= M atar - =ialinid gnay kepsa paites kutnu roks atar ∑ 𝑖𝑥 . 𝑖𝑓∑ 𝑛𝑓

meti utaus roks = iX

halmuj = if utnetret meti hilimem gnay nednopser

nednopser hurules halmuj = nf

fitatilauk atad idajnem habuid ayntujnales fitatitnauk atad nahalognep lisaH

etirk nagned iauses nakirebid naialinep alaks nagned sata id lebat adap irogetak air

ialinem kutnu nahilip tapme kiab ,)4( kiab tagnas utiay ,nakanugid gnay takgnarep

.)1( kiab kadit nad )2( kiab gnaruk ,)3(


93

VI BAB

NASAHABMEP NAD NAITILENEP LISAH

p nad naitilenep lisah ianegnem sahabid naka VI bab adaP gnay nasahabme

tapme irad iridret sisilana lisah atad sisilana nad narapap )1( utiay ,naigab

)3( ,nagnabmegnep niasid narapap )2( ,nahutubek h tnemelpmi lisa adap kudorp isa

.narajalebmep isatnemelpmi iskelfer )4( nad ,satabret lepmas

.A nahutubeK sisilanA lisaH ataD sisilanA nad narapaP

ilanA ianegnem isamrofni helorepmem kutnu nakanaskalid nahutubek sis

narajalep atam adap 1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI salek awsis nahutubek

lisah nakrasadreb helorepid ataD .nahacep nahalmujnep ianegnem ,akitametam

AVI salek urug padahret aracnawaw usidA iregeN DS ,uti nialeS.1 otpic

.tubesret salek id isavresbo nakukalem itilenep id nakanugid isavresbo rabmeL

em kutnu 1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI salek nagned aracnawaw lisaw ipakgnel

.urug

nakanugid gnay edotem ,salek urug nagned aracnawaw lisah nakrasadreB

kitek urug kaynab uruG .lanoisnevnok tafisreb gnurednec rajagnem a

gnaraj uruG .rajagnem malad bawaj aynat nad hamarec edotem nakanuggnem

agarep tala uata aidem nakanuggnem rajaleb sesorp utnabmem kutnu uruG .

muleb asarem urug anerak IRMP natakednep nakparenem muleb imahamem

kaynab ulalret narajalebmep iretam paggnagnem uruG .IRMP natakednep

ianegnem isnerefer kaynab ikilimem kadit aguj uruG .satabret utkaw ipatet

urug ,ipatet nakA .fitavoni gnay narajalebmep naknignignem narajalebmep

fitavoni gnay aynlasim , kanuggnem uata iynaynreb ,naniamrep na


04

narajalebmep nakparenem kutnu kiratret aguj uruG .aidem naktaafnamem

.IRMP natakednep nagned nakitametam id awsis paggnagnem urug ,uti nialeS

gnukudnem aggnihes naitahrep iracnem malad fitka gnay awsis halada salek

ep naparenep .fitavoni gnay narajalebm

itilenep helo nakanaskalid isavresbO naumetrep ilak 3 amales .

awhab atkaf helorepid isavresbo lisah nakrasadreB kadit urug

nakirebmem p ispesrepa nakirebmem kadit urug ,lautsketnok nahalasamre

mem kadit urug nad aidem nautnab nagned lawa adap naniamrep nakireb

.narajalebmep adapek natapmesek nakirebmem gnaruk aguj urug ,uti nialeS

taubmem nad tapadnepreb kutnu awsis narajalebmep iretam nalupmisek awsiS .

.aynnaajrekep lisah padahret isatneserp nakukalem kadit aguj

iS gnurednec aws ggnem nakanu .amatrep isavresbo adap lamrofni igetarts

S aynah nahalasamrep nakiaseleynem kutnu awsis nakanugid gnay igetar

iridnes nakumenem kadit awsiS .urug nakirebid gnay hakgnal adap nakrasadid

arac halasam utaus naiaseleynep . laoS nakirebid gnay apureb hadus tamilak

awsiS .tubesret halasam nakledomem ulrep kadit awsis aggnihes akitametam

hisam tutnur araces nakajregnem nad akitametam sumur nakanuggnem gnay

hakgnal naanuggneP .satabret - nakiaseleynep malad sitametam hakgnal

adit awsiS .lucnum muleb aguj halasam gnay apa naksilunem kutnu asaibret k

gnay apa naksilunem kadit aguj awsiS .nahalasamrep utaus irad iuhatekid

nahalasamrep bawajnem gnusgnal awsiS .nahalasamrep utaus irad nakaynatid

nakirebid gnay hotnoc anerak nakbabesid ini laH .urug helo nakirebid gnay

.tutnur kadit urug helo


14

igetarts inatabmejnem malad awsis gnibmibmem gnaruk aguj uruG

gnay naaynatrep nakirebmem kadit uruG .lamrof igetarts ek awsis lamrofni

nakiaseleynem malaD .lamrof igetarts ujunem awsis nakharagnem upmam

aguj urug ,nahalasamrep utaus gnay igolana hotnoc nakirebmem kadit

naiaseleynep arac nakkujnunem gnusgnal uruG .lamrof igetarts adap haragnem

.nial awsis irad tapadnep atnimem kadit uruG .halasam

sisilana lisaH nahutubek isavresbo nad aracnawaw lisah nakrasadreb

gnem muleb urug halada .IRMP natakednep nakanuggnem akitametam nakraja

lanoisnevnok tafisreb gnurednec urug nakirebid gnay narajalebmep edoteM

awsis gnibmibmem kaynab ulalret aguj uruG .aidem nakanuggnem gnaraj nad

mem tilus awsis nakbabeynem ini laH .halasam nakiaseleynem malad nakhace

awsiS .iridnes akerem arac nagned halasam gnurednec hakgnal itukignem -

awsis halasam naiaseleynep araC .urug helo nakirebid gnay hakgnal aguj

ipatet ,lamrof gnurednec akitametam pesnok imahamem gnaruk agudid awsis

.nakrajaid gnades gnay ynem ini laH utaus nakhutubmem urug nakbabe

.fitavoni nad kiranem gnay narajalebmep

haubes nakgnabmegnem abocnem itilenep ,tubesret lah nakrasadreB

gnay niasiD .narajalebmep takgnarep apureb gnay narajalebmep niasid

p takgnareP .IRMP natakednep nakanuggnem nakgnabmekid narajalebme

nakiaseleynem malad awsis naledomep isadomokagnem upmam nakparahid

awsiS .nahacep nahalmujnep halasam aguj imahamem upmam nakparahid

halasam nakiaseleynem nad akitametam narajalebmep malad lawa pesnok

.iridnes arac nagned


24

.B megneP niasiD narapaP nagnab

nagnabmegnep nakukalem itilenep ,nahutubek sisilana lisah nakrasadreB

gnay IRMP natakednep nagned narajalebmep takgnarep apureb

halasam nakhacemem malad naledomep isadomokagnem nahalmujnep

nahacep .tukireb iagabes nagnabmegnep sesorp nupadA .

.1 narajalebmeP takgnareP nagnabmegneP

paites nakitahrepmem nagned narajalebmep niasid taubmem itileneP

malad lucnum tapad IRMP kitsiretkarak raga narajalebmep hakgnal

sisilana lisah nakrasadreb taubid aguj narajalebmep niasiD .narajalebmep

,nahutubek iulalem alek id isavresbo nad aracnawaw lepmas idajnem gnay s

.satabret narajalebmep takgnarep apureb taubid gnay narajalebmep niasiD

,)PPR( narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR ,subalis :irad iridret gnay IRMP

.raja nahab nad ,isaulave laos ,)SKL( awsiS ajreK rabmeL takgnareP

.tukireb iagabes nakrapapid naka narajalebmep

.a subaliS

naumetrep ilak tapme kutnu taubid subaliS nagned nakitahrepmem

aS takgniT mulukiruK t )PSTK( nakididneP nau utiay , :isnetepmok radnats

radnats nad halasam nahacemep malad nahacep nakanuggneM .6

nakanuggnem subalis tamroF .nahacep nakhalmujneM 3.6 :isnetepmok

turunem naudnap B( nakididneP lanoisaN radnatS nadaB SNP) nagned

,fitingok kepsa tapadret utiay ,rotakidni naigab adap isadomokagnem

.fitkefa nad kirotomokisp gned iauses tubesret kepsa agiteK pisnirp na

.IRMP nahalmujnep alop nakumenem“ rotakidni adap ,hotnoc iagabeS

nad ,”akitametam tamilak malad ek atirec laos habugnem“ ,”nahacep


34

nakkujnunem tubesret rotakidni agitek ,”nahacep aud nakhalmujnem“

kiaseleynem awsis awhab es arac nagned halasam na .iridn

.b )PPR( narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR

taubid gnay )PPR( narajalebmeP naanaskaleP anacneR iric ikilimem

isadomokagnem PPR .IRMP natakednep nakanuggnem utiay ,sahk amil

IRMP kitsiretkarak aynsusuhk , nakhacemem malad awsis naledomep

.halasam p nataigeK halasam nakiaseleynem awsis tutnunem PPR ada

hakgnal itukignem kadit awsiS .iridnes awsis igetarts nagned - hakgnal

.urug helo nakirebid gnay PPR adap nataigeK naknimrecnem taubid

.)KEE( isamrifnoK nad isarobalE ,isarolpskE nataigek isarolpske nataigeK

e nad kutnu awsis gnorodnem gnay nataigek nakapurem isarobal

nataigek adap gnades ,iridnes arac nagned halasam nakiaseleynem

inatabmejnem naujutreb gnay nataugnep nakirebmem urug ,isamrifnok

.lamrof igetarts ujunem lamrofni igetarts PPR adaP taumret raja iretam ,

nakanugid raja iretaM .narajalebmep aidem nad naialinep kirbur iagabes

urug naudnap kirbur irad iridret naialinep kirbuR .rajagnem malad

iagabes nakanugid kirbuR .fitkefa nad ,kirotomokisp ,fitingok naialinep

awsis naajrekep lisah iuhategnem kutnu namodep narajalebmep sesorp nad

.awsis napap ,azzip rabmag ,azzip napap irad iridret narajalebmep aideM

awsis utnabmem tapad tubesret aideM .narajalebmep oediv nad nahacep

.nahacep nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem kutnu

.c )SKL( awsiS ajreK rabmeL

siS ajreK rabmeL sesorp malad awsis nakanugid gnay )SKL( aw

,rajaleb rotakidni :apureb nenopmok irad iridret gnay narajalebmep


44

.iskelfer nad ,rajaleb nataigek ,kujnutep taumem SKL adap laos paiteS

awsis ,SKL adaP .atirec laos kutneb malad lautsketnok nahalasamrep

b atnimid nad ,iridnes arac nagned halasam nakiaseleyem ,kopmolekre

.IRMP kitsiretkarak nagned iauses ini laH .isatneserp nakukalem

.d isaulavE laoS

awsis adapek nakirebid gnay lautsketnok laos apureb isaulave laoS

.udividni araces ukugnem kutnu nakanugid isaulave laoS namahamep r

.nahacep nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem malad awsis

.e rajA nahaB

hadumrepmem kutnu nakanugid gnay iretam nakapurem raja nahaB

alad awsis raja nahaB .narajalebmep m hadum nad kiranem taubid

imahapid raja nahab adaP .awsis amrep kujnutep tapadret laos nad nani

.awsis nakanugid gnay

.2 isadilaV niasiD

araces nakanaskalid isadilav sesorP tnemgduj trepxe nagned

isadilav sesorP .VI salek urug utas nad nesod agit utiay ,ilha nakridahgnem

.narajalebmep takgnarep isadilav rabmel nakanuggnem nakukalid

asadreB ianegnem naras nad nakusam helorepid ,ilha aganet isadilav nakr

halada tukireB .nakgnabmekid gnay narajalebmep takgnarep nagnarukek

.ilha irad naras nad isadilav lisah

.a isadilaV lisaH

nial aratna ilha tapme irad narajalebmep takgnarep isadilav lisaH

atarer ,3 subalis isadilav lisah nagnedgnologret gnay35 irogetak tagnas ,kiab

85,3 PPR gnologret gnay 95,3 SKL ,kiab tagnas irogetak nagned gnay


54

gnologret 54,3 raja nahab ,kiab tagnas irogetak nagned gnologret gnay

,3 isaulave laos nad ,kiab tagnas irogetak nagned 65 gnologret gnay nagned

tapad narajalebmep takgnarep isadilav lisah sisilanA .kiab tagnas irogetak

,3 utiay kudorp satilauk takgnit ikilimem utiay naklupmisid gnay45

gnologret .kiab tagnas irogetak nagned

.b ilhA irad naraS

,mumu araceS ilha tapmeek awhab ratnemok nakirebmem hadus

takgnarep narajalebmep .kiab hadus nakusam nakirebmem nesod nad uruG -

.narajalebmep takgnarep igab nakusam nakmutnacnem atnimid itileneP

gnay isartsuli nakirebmem nad subalis adap naialinep nemurtsni hotnoc

.SKL adap iauses gnay aidem salejrepmem nakparahid aguj itileneP

habmanem nad narajalebmep utkaw habmanem ,subalis isi adap nakanugid

.rabmag nesod ,uti nialeS naras irebmem raga gnay asahab nakanuggnem

.laos imahamem upmam awsis aggnihes anahredes halada aynutas halaS

tak g adA .awsis nagned taked gnaruk hisam gnay ”halnaksumur“ a rabma

aruk gnay raja nahab nad SKL adap nahacep iretam naknimrecnem gn

.iauses gnay rabmag nagned itnagid ulrep aggnihes

hadus narajalebmep takgnarep awhab nakataynem urug isadilav lisaH

salej ,kiab naujut nagned iauses aguj narajalebmep takgnareP .tutnur nad

lah aparebeb nakaynanem aynah uruG .kiranem hadus nad iapacid gnay

.satabret isatnemelpmi nakukalem mulebes salej gnaruk gnay

.3 isiveR niasiD

d halet gnay narajalebmep takgnarep ,isiver pahat adaP ilha isadilavi

nakusam nad kujnutep nagned iauses ikiabrepid - nad nesod irad nakusam


64

itileneP .kiab hibel idajnem narajalebmep takgnarep aggnihes urug

.rabmag habugnem nad atak aparebeb ikiabrepmem

nakukalem itilenep ,isiverid narajalebmep takgnarep haleteS u ij

m nagned 1 otpicusidA iregeN DS BVI salek id naacabretek nakigabme

nakisatnemelpmiid narajalebmep takgnarep mulebeS .naacabretek iju tekgna

salek id nakisatnemelpmiid narajalebmep takgnarep ,satabret lepmas adap

signem BVI salek awsis ,uti haleteS .BVI tekgnA .naacabretek iju tekgna i

gnay narajalebmep takgnarep isadilavmem kutnu nakanugid naacabretek iju

.isaulave laos nad ,SKL ,raja nahab utiay ,awsis adapek nakirebid naka

aH 55,3 halada awsis 43 irad naacabretek iju lis gnologret gnay d nagne

s irogetak kiab tagna narajalebmep takgnarep awhab nakkujnunem ini laH .

.kiab tagnas awsis nakanugid gnay H lisa naacabretek iju tekgna

awhab nakitkubmem kutnu kayal isaulave laos nad raja nahab ,SKL

.satabret lepmas adap nakisatnemelpmiid iver nakukalem kadit itileneP is

naacabretek iju tekgna irad lisah anerak naacabretek iju sesorp haletes

.kiab tagnas irogetak nagned

.4 satabreT lepmaS isatnemelpmI

adap nakisatnemelpmiid isiverid hadus gnay narajalebmep takgnareP

anugid satabret lepmas adap isatnemelpmI .satabret lepmas kutnu nak

isatnemelpmI .narajalebmep takgnarep naanuggnep nakayalek naknikayem

nagnabmegnep nakrapamem kutnu nakanugid aguj satabret lepmas adap

malad naledomep isadomokagnem gnay narajalebmep takgnarep

dnep nagned nahacep nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem IRMP natake

.1 otpicusidA iregeN DS AVI salek awsis isatnemelpmi lisah nupadA


74

awsis nopser tekgna nakrasadreb awsis nopser awhab nakkujnunem satabret

.kiab tagnas irogetak nakkujnunem gnay 25,3 halada

C satabreT lepmaS adap kudorP isatnemelpmI lisaH narapaP

.1 naanaskaleP ispirkseD

amales nakanaskalid satabret lepmas adap isatnemelpmI ilak tapme

naumetrep paiteS .2102 iraurbeF 32 nad 12 ,61 ,41 laggnat adap utiay

naumetrep amales iregeN DS hilimem itileneP .)pj 2( narajalep maj 2

lek keybus nagned 1 otpicusidA iagabes 2102/1102 naraja nuhat AVI sa

ep malad narajalep ataM .satabret lepmas akitametam halada ini naitilen

nagned .nahacep nahalmujnep iretam

tubeynepreb nahacep nahalmujnep halada amatrep naumetrep iretaM

amas nakanaskalid narajalebmep sesorP . ab nagned itor ,uhat aidem nautn

nagned narajalebmep ilawagnem awsiS .ulob nad rawat iracnem naniamrep

hatnirep isireb gnay nahacep utrak nakanuggnem ini naniamreP .nagnasap

kopmolek utas malad utrak akiJ .nagnasap amasreb lupmukreb kutnu

nebmem utrak akam nakutasid halada ayntujnaleS .hutu gnay rabmag kut

lasam nairebmep nad narajalebmep oediv naratumep nakrasadreb ha

uti haleteS .oediv nagnayat kutnu isartsnomed nakukalem awsis nad urug ,

.rawat itor nad ulob ,uhat gnotomem

ujnep ianegnem rajaleb awis ,audek naumetreP nahacep nahalm

adeb tubeynepreb nakanaskalid narajalebmeP . napap aidem nautnab nagned

azzip rabmag , azzip nagned ilawaid narajalebmeP .nahacep napap nad

nad ”tuH azziP“ ugal iynaynreb gnatnet lautsketnok halasam nairebmep


84

azzip urug nad awsis ,uti haleteS . igabmem kutnu isartsnomed nakukalem

.nakirebid gnay halasam nakrasadreb azzip

agitek naumetrep adaP iretam , nahacep nahamujnep ianegnem hisam

adeb tubeynepreb halasam nakiaseleynem awsiS . aidem nautnab nagned

ilawaid narajalebmeP .aidem nakanuggnem apnat nad nahacep napap

.laos nakiaseleynem kutnu tapet tapec siuk niamreb nagned tapet tapec siuK

.tubeynep adeb nahacep nahalmujnep ianegnem lautsketnok halasam apureb

P p ada amatrep naumetre atnimid awsis ,agitek naumetrep aggnih

akerem arac nakanuggnem kopmolekreb araces halasam nakiaseleynem

lisah nakisatneserpmem kopmolek malad awsis ayntujnaleS .iridnes

ipaggnanem tapad nakparahid nial kopmoleK .salek naped id aynnaajrekep

ad nabawaj lisah .isatneserp nakukalem gnay kopmolek ir awsis ,uti haleteS

isaulave laos nakajregnem nad narajalebmep lisah naklupmiynem atnimid

.udividni araces

naniamrep nagned ilawaid narajalebmep ,tapmeek naumetrep adaP

eleynem awsis utnabmem ini naniamreP .agrah napap ianegnem laos nakias

.adeb tubeynepreb nupuam amas tubeynepreb kiab nahacep nahalmujnep

adap rihka isaulave laos nakajregnem awsis atnimem aguj itileneP

.tapmeek naumetrep

nad aidem naktaafnamem asib akerem ipatet iamar gnurednec awsiS

nay laos nakajregnem idajnem awsiS .naitilenep taas adap urug nakirebid g

awsiS .nakirebid gnay nahalasamrep nakhacemem ahasureb nad fitka hibel

,iridnes awsis igetarts nakanuggnem nahalasamrep nakiaseleynem tapad

.lamrofni igetarts nupuam lamrof araces kiab


94

.2 d naitileneP lisaH nasahabmeP na

.a mumU araces IRMP narabmaG

takgnarep padahret satabret lepmas adap isatnemelpmi lisaH

gnay mumu araces IRMP narabmag nakkujnunem halet IRMP narajalebmep

IRMP kitsiretkarak amil pukacnem ,naledomep ,sketnok naanuggnep utiay ,

i ,awsis isubirtnok natiakretek nad sativitkaretn halasam nairebmeP .

iagabes lautsketnok tniop gnitrats pesnok imahamem awsis utnabmem .

gnatnet oediv naratumep haletes halasam nakirebmem urug ,hotnoc iagabeS

atirec laos apureb nahalasamrep nakirebmem aguj uruG .lepa halebmem

nagnotomep nagned azzip . spirksnart adap tahilret ini laH naumetrep i

81 romon amatrep - .52

: nagnareteK G uruG : SS awsiS aumeS : awsiS naigabeS : BS S awsiS : SB awsiS aparebeB : S …,3,2,1

LS niaL awsiS :

.81 G ”?uti apareb aynlepa idaT .ay hadU“ : 91 . BS ”utaS“ :

.02 S ”auD“ : .12 G ”?nakapaid aynlepa sureT“ : .22 SB ”halebiD“ : .32 G ”?apareb idajnem halebid aynlepA“ : .42 SS .”auD“ : .52 G ”?kadit uata amas gnay naigab idajneM“ :

audek naumetrep pirksnart adap tahilret isautis ,uti nialeS .61 nad 41 romon

.41 [ tubesret atirec nakacabmem ialum uruG ikilimem nipA“ ] azzip kaynabes 2

6 taas aparebeB .aynubI irad helorep aid gnay naigab igal naktapadnem nipA naidumek 1

6 naigab azzip amas gnay naigab kaynab apareB .kakak irad aynsinej azzip gnay ikilimid

gnarakes nipA helo ?” .61 G naka atik ,apareb aynnaigab uhat atik mulebes ,haN“ :

gnotomem azzip ”?utnabmem naka gnay apaiS .


05

niamreb aynlasim ,naniamrep nakukalem awsis kajagnem aguj uruG

ay iretam nakrabmaggnem ini naniamreP .agrah napap nad siuk gnades gn

.ini hawab id rabmag adap tahilret tubesret isautiS .irajalepid

agrah napap naniamrep nakukalem awsiS 1.3.4 rabmaG

awsis akitek tahilid tapad halasam nahacemep malad naledomeP

awsis amasreb iridnes akerem arac nagned nahalasamrep nakiaseleynem

.lamrof igetarts nupuam lamrofni igetarts nakumenem upmam awsiS .nial

adneb gnitnuggnem uata gnotomem awsis araC - aguj tubesret adneb

adebreb - nakanuggnem gnurednec awsis raseb naigabes ,ipatet nakA .adeb

amilak malad halasam nakledomem utiay lamrof igetarts ,akitametam t

hakgnal nakanuggnem nad ,akitametam sumur nakanuggnem - hakgnal

maladrepmem kutnu naaynatrep nad laos nakirebmem uruG .sitametam

namahamep .awsis pesnok K hibel nakrapapid naka naledomep kitsiretkara

.ayntujnales babbus adap tujnal

is isubirtnoK ini laH .kapman hadus aguj narajalebmep malad aws

kitsiretkarak adap itrepeS .narajalebmep naanaskalep paites adap tahilret

adebreb awsis paites halasam nahacemep arac awhab ,naledomep - adeb

tapad aguj awsiS .naiaseleynep arac iagabreb naklucnumem aggnihes


15

nahalmujnep alop naklupmiynem nagned nauhategnep iskurtnokgnem

nahalmujnep uata amas tubeynepreb nahacep nahalmujnep kiab ,nahacep

.adeb tubeynepreb nahacep salek naped id nalupmisek naksilunem awsiS

nakiaseleynem kutnu tubesret nalupmisek nakanuggnem nad nahalasamrep

.urug helo nakirebid gnay alop naklupmiynem awsis isautis nupadA

.ini hawab id rabmag adap tahilret nahalmujnep

2.3.4 rabmaG amas tubeynepreb nahalmujnep alop naklupmiynem awsiS

3.3.4 rabmaG tubeynepreb nahalmujnep alop naklupmiynem awsiS adeb

awsis nagned awsis aratna nad urug nagned awsis aratna sativitkaretnI

salek amron nakirebmem urug ,narajalebmep lawa adaP .kapman hadus

ispirksnart adap kapman tubesret isautiS .awsis nanilpisidek rutagnem kutnu

audek naumetrep 81 ,71 romon b iagabes .tukire


25

G .71 [ ”…id rajaleb nakhalis iamar gnay tagni ttttttssS“ : urug.]awsis nakitahrepmem nad iridreb

SB .81 .”rauL“ :

nad 01 romon audek naumetrep ispirksnart nagned gnukudid atad ,uti nialeS

nad rawat itor ,uhat gnotomem utiay ,isartsnomed nakukalem aguj uruG .93

azzip atnimem aI .awsis naktabilem urug nakukalid gnay isartsnomeD .

et ini laH .tubesret aidem gnotomem awsis naumetrep ispirksnart adap tahilr

.05 nad 34 ,24 romonamatrep

G .24 aynidaT .naigab aparebeb idajnem haleb atik naka uhaT“ : gnarakes ,haN .aud idajnem igabid lepa ada tahil hadus nailak kutnu kana utas halas gnoloT ?salej hadus nailak hakapa

uhat halebmem ”!ini ”uka …ukA“ : SB .34 .]nagnat takgna libmas[

.05 S[ 11 .]tubesret uhat igabmem nad aynnamet halmuj gnutihgnem

85 romon amatrep naumetrep ispirksnart helo gnukudid aguj ataD - atres56

22 romon audek naumetrep ispirksnart - tneserp nakukalem aguj awsiS .52 lisah isa

ep nad kopmolek amasreb naajrek .nial awsis adapek tapadnep nakirebmem gnilas

isatneserp nakukalem awsiS 4.3.4 rabmaG


35

tapadnep irebmem gnilas awsiS 5.3.4 rabmaG

nagned nahacep nahalmujnep iretam naktiagnem hadus aguj uruG

atam malad nial iretam iretam nagned natiakreteK .akitametam narajalep

tapad awsiS .narajalebmep utkaw takgnisrepmem utnabmem tapad nial

nakanahredeynem nagned nahacep nahalmujnep iretam naktiagnem

.tukireb iagabes awsis naajrekep lisah adap tahilret ini laH .nahacep

rabmaG awsis naajrekep lisah 6.3.4 nahacep nakanahredeynem nagned

nakukalem awsis nakkujnunem aguj sata id awsis naajrekep lisah adaP

.narupmac gnutih isarepo utiay ,nahacep nahalmujnep gnutih isarepo

gnalib nahalmujnep halada kapman gnay narupmac gnutih isarepO talub na

naktiagnem tapad awsis ,uti nialeS .ayngnalibmep nakhalmujnem akitek

rabmaggnem awsis taas adap kapman ini laH .ratad nugnab iretam nagned

tubesret isautis nupadA .narakgnil nad gnajnap igesrep ,igesrep nugnab


45

aS .awsis naajrekep lisah adap kapman awsis naajrekep lisah hotnoc utas hal

.tukireb iagabes

awsis naajrekep lisaH 7.3.4 rabmaG ratad nugnab rabmag nagned

.b halasaM nakiaseleyneM malad naledomeP

nahacep nahalmujnep adap halasam nakiaseleynem malad naledomeP

gnay igetarts adap tahilret tapad urug nagnibmib nad awsis helo nakanugid

lisah narapap halada tukireB .tubesret igetarts inatabmejnem malad

.satabret lepmas adap isatnemelpmi

.1 halasaM nahacemeP malad awsiS igetartS

awsis adA .amas ulales kadit awsis paites helo igetarts naanuggneP

nec gnay ada nad lamrofni igetarts nagned halasam nakiaseleynem gnured

naanuggnep ,ipatet nakA .lamrof igetarts nakanuggnem gnay awsis aguj

.tiakret gnilas aguj halasam nakiaseleynem malad tubesret igetarts audek

rof nad lamrofni igetarts nakanuggnem awsis aparebeB malad lam

.nahalasamrep utaus nakiaseleynem


55

taas adap kapman gnurednec awsis lamrofni igetarts naanuggneP

napap nakanuggnem ,ulob nad uhat gnotomem awsis azzip ,

awsis naigabes ,ipatet nakA .nahacep napap nakanuggnematres

apap nakanuggnem halasam nakhacemem n azzip iulalem nahacep napap nad

urug helo nakirebid gnay laos nad naaynatrep ,uti nialeS .lamrof igetarts

.lamrof igetarts nakanuggnem nakiaselesid gnurednec

gnotomem nagned nahalasamrep utaus nakiaseleynem 1 kopmoleK

akanuggnem narakgnil taubmem nad ulob ajrek rabmel adap niok gnau n

39 romon amatrep naumetrep ispirksnart adap tahilret tubesret isautiS .awsis

.59 nad

.39 tapmereb akereM .ulob sukgnub akubmem gnades 1 kopmoleK[ acabmem haletes ulob gnotomem ialum nad isuksidreb gnades

abocnem akereM .laos idajnem gnotopid uloB .ulob halebmem.]naigab tapme

.59 agitek adapek aynigabmem awsis utas utiay ,1 kopmoleK[

gnisam atoggna - laos nakagarepmem itrepes naigab 1 gnisamS ,uti haleteS .SKL adap 8 aI .SKL laos adap nakajregnem

kutneb idajnem ulob rabmaggnem kalpijid gnay narakgnil.]niok gnau nakanuggnem

utiay ,SKL malad laos nakagarepmem itrepes tahilret 1 kopmoleK

upmam aynitrepes awsiS .tubesret ulob igabmem awsis utas halas

aguj awsiS .tubesret nataigek iulalem nahalasamrep nakiaseleynem

gnil rabmaggnem nakrabmaggnem akereM .niok gnau nakanuggnem narak

aynitrepes awsiS .narakgnil ratad nugnab utiay rabmag kutneb malad ulob

.aidem nautnab nagned halasam nakiaseleynem akitek gnanes hibel


65

lucnum laos nakiaseleynem kutnu uhat gnotomem awsis taas adaP

mem arac adebreb awsis gnoto - adap tahilret tubesret isautis nupadA .adeb

.ini hawab id rabmag

amas gnay naigab agit idajnem gnotopid gnay uhaT 8.3.4 rabmaG

amas kadit gnay naigab agit idajnem gnotopid gnay uhaT 9.3.4 rabmaG

s uhat awhab nakkujnunem rabmag audeK ama - gnotopid amas

gnay naigab 3 idajnem uhat igabmem aynitrepes awsiS .naigab 3 idajnem

.kolab kutnebreb uhat naigab paites aggniheS 8.3.4 rabmag adap raseb amas

uhaT .raseb amas aynigabmem kadit awsis tahilret 9.3.4 rabmag nakgnadeS

t subuk kutnebreb gnay nagned amas gnay naigab 3 idajnem igabid asib kadi

hibelret naigab aud idajnem uhat igabmem aynitrepes awsiS .agitiges kutneb

igabid naigab utas halas naidumeK .aynlanogaid utas halas iulalem uluhad


75

uggnem nahalasamrep nakiaseleynem awsiS .aud idajnem igal igetarts nakan

.tapet gnaruk hisam tubesret uhat gnotomem arac ipatet iridnes

nakiaseleynem awsis taas adap lucnum aguj lamrofni igetartS

napap nakanuggnem nahalasamrep azzip gnotomem malad awsis araC .

rabmag azzip adebreb - ret tubesret isautis nupadA .adeb id rabmag adap tahil

.ini hawab

naigab tapme idajnem azzip rabmag igabmem awsiS 01.3.4 rabmaG

amas gnay naigab idajnem raga azzip rabmag tapilem awsiS 11.3.4 rabmaG

awsis ,sata id rabmag nakrasadreB aynitrepes rabmag gnotomem nigni

azzip dajnem tubesret kadit awsis ,01.3.4 rabmag adaP .amas gnay naigab i

rabmag gnitnuggnem gnusgnal azzip igabmem awsis ipatet tapme idajnem

naigab akij ugar nikgnum awsiS .uluhad hibelret lisnep nakanuggnem

rabmag gnotomem gnusgnal azzip ,11.3.4 rabmag nagned adebreB .tubesret

rabmag tapilem awsis azzip gnay araC .tipmihreb tapet aggnihes tubesret


85

S nakukalid 21 rabmag nagnotop naklisahgnem naka nikgnum azzip idajnem

.amas gnay naigab

napap nakanuggnem halasam nakiaseleynem akiteK azzip , iay ut

gnotop hagnetes azzip gnotop tapmerepes nagned nakhalmujid gnay azzip

nakiaseleynem 11 kopmoleK .awsis helo igetarts iagabreb tapadret

tubesret isautis nupadA .lamrofni igetarts nakanuggnem nahalasamrep

naumetrep ispirksnart adap tahilret audek 6 romon .5

.56 S .7 kopmolek nabawaj ipaggnanem kutnu ujam 11 kopmoleK 41S .siut napap id naajrekep lisah naksilunem 41 naksilunem

hakgnal - nad iuhatekidgnay apa utiay sitametam hakgnal apaid gnay : halada nabawaj lisah nupadA .bawaj

silutid gnay laos nahaburep gnatnet naksalejnem awsis atnimem uruG

irad 12 idajnem 2

4 naksalejnem awsiS . nahaburep lisah nupadA .salek naped id

p tapadret tubesret isautis audek naumetrep ispirksnart ada iagabes ,37 romon

.tukireb

.37 S[ 41 nagned salek malad awsis nad urug adapek naksalejnem]nalep gnay araus aneraK“ . 1

4 nad 14 halada uti 2

4 nagned amas uti ,12 ” rabmag nagnotop nakkujnunem libmas[ azzip .]

awsis tahilret hibel 7 kopmolek irad awsis isatneserp lisaH

fni igetarts nakanuggnem igetarts nakanuggnem awsis nupualaW .lamro

gnurednec awsis ipatet akitametam sumur naksilunem nagned lamrof

rabmag naanuggnep nakrasadreb azzip awhab nakumenem upmam awsiS .

rabmag nagnotop azzip ialinreb gnay 14 nagnotop nagned nakgnubagid akij

rabmag zip az ialinreb gnay 14 rabmag nagnotop nagned raseb amas naka

14 + 2

4 = 34


95

azzip ialinreb 12 nabawaj nakumenem nad imahamem hibel nikgnum awsiS .

7 kopmolek awsiS .KPK iracnem surah apnat raneb nad hadum nagned

rabmag naktaafnamem gnanes hibel aynitrepes azzip .

ek aguj adA napap naktaafnamem gnay kopmol azzip rabmag nad

azzip naiaseleynep araC .SKL adap nahalasamrep nakiaseleynem kutnu

adap tahilret isautis nupadA .lamrofni igetarts nakanuggnem halada awsis

.ini hawab id rabmag

zip napap aidem nakanuggnem awsiS 21.3.4 rabmaG az

awsis naajrekep lisaH 31.3.4 rabmaG

nakiaseleynem upmam aynitrepes awsis ,sata id rabmag nakrasadreB

rabmag nakanuggnem halasam azzip nagnotop nakkatelem awsiS .tubesret

rabmag azzip ialinreb gnay 12 rabmag nagnotop nad azzip ialinreb gnay 1

4 adap


06

napap .azzip lisah nakumenem tapad awsiS 34 nakgnidnabmem nagned

rabmag azzip napap adap azzip rabmag nagned amas aynnaruku azzip gnay

napap gnipmas id ada azzip nabawaj lisah iulalem tahilret aguj ini laH .

31.3.4 rabmag adap awsis .

gnay awsis ada ,uti nialeS nautnab nagned SKL adap nakajregnem

tubesret isautiS .akitametam sumur nagned naksilunem ipatet rabmag

.tukireb rabmag adap tahilret

awsis naajrekep lisaH 41.3.4 rabmaG

nakiaseleynem gnurednec nikgnum awsis ,sata id rabmag nakrasadreB

uggnem nahalasamrep .lamrof igetarts nakan awsiS rabmag taubmem aynah

nad halasam nakledomem upmam tahilret aI .pakgnelep iagabes SKL adap

hakgnal naksilunem - upmam halet awsis aynrasad adaP .sitametam hakgnal

alop ,ipatet nakA .akitametam sumur nagned halasam nakiaseleynem

ep nakamaynem awsiS .tubeynep audek KPK iracnem kadit awsis naiaseleyn

awsis ,uti haleteS .ayntubeynep audek nakilagnem nagned tubeynep

nakamaynem hadum hibel nikgnum awsiS .aynrihka lisah nakanahredeynem

surah adap irad ayntubeynep nakilagnem nagned tubeynep KPK iracnem

.tubesret tubeynep audek


16

nad 75 romon audek naumetrep ispirksnart adap gnukudid aguj ini laH

.06

.75 S8 ”muJ ub ek nakirebid afaD aynup inI“ : nakanuggnem[ rabmag azzip gnay irtuP nad avaD aynup nakkujnunem nad

ksilunem ulal ,urug ek nakirebid na id kutnu silut napap]aynlisah nakkujnunem .

.06 S[ 8 :halada nabawaj lisah nupadA .silut napap id naksilunem

nakhacemem kutnu nahacep napap nakanuggnem awsiS

malad awsis nakanugid gnay igetartS .nahalasamrep halasam nakiaseleynem

adebreb aguj - igetarts nakanuggnem gnurednec gnay awsis adA .adeb

nakiaseleynem kopmolek utas halaS .lamrof igetarts nupuam lamrofni

kapman tubesret isautis nupadA .lamrofni igetarts nakanuggnem halasam

monaudek naumetrep pirknart adap .19 ro

.19 S[ 21 S nad 73 .nahacep napap nakanuggnem nakagarepmem aynialin gnay nahacep utrak gnasamem akereM 1

2 nagned 16 .

S akerem naidumeK 21 lisah nakapurem gnay surul kirag kiranem halada helorep akerem gnay lisaH .tubesret nahalmujnep irad

23 ,

46 nad 8

21 ].

,uti nialeS ispirksnart adap kapman isautis romon agitek naumetrep

.67

.67 S[ 31 S nagned utnabid 52 gnay nahacep utrak haubes nakraulegnem utrak haubes nakgnasamem ai naidumeK .hagnetes aynialin

acep utrak halebes id tapmerepes aynialin gnay nahacep nah .nahacep napap adap adareb hisam gnay hagnetes ialinreb tubesret nahalmujnep irad lisah awhab naklupmiynem akereM gnay nahacep utrak isireb gnay nahacep napap halada aynialin gnay nahacep napap adap utiay ,amas ayngnajnap

git aynhalmuj gnay natapmerep uata nahacep utrak haub a 34 .

.nasalebaudrep aynialin gnay nahacep napap adap uti nialeS .nalibmeS ada amas ayngnajnap gnay utrak gnutihgnem akereM

halada aynlisah ,idaJ 921 .]

14 + 1

2 = 28 + 4

8 = 68 : 2

2 = 34 naigab


26

gnaruk hisam nikgnum awsis ,sata id ispirksnart isautis audek adaP

rac imahamem .KPK alop nakanuggnem halasam naiaseleynep a S awsi

iracnem abocnem nakiaseleynem .iridnes akerem arac nagned halasam

nahacemep nakumenem halet awsis nakkujnunem sata id ispirksnart audeK

audek adap isautis ,aynrasad adaP .iridnes akerem arac nagned halasam

ialin iuhategnem hadus awsis awhab nakkujnunem ispirksnart - irad ialin

.amas aguj isautis audek adap halasam nahacemep sesorP .nahacep utrak

nagned lisah nakumenem awsis 19 romon ispirksnart adap ,ajas aynaH

kgnadeS .tubesret nahalmujnep irad kirag kiranem romon ispirksnart adap na

ayngnajnap gnay nahacep utrak iracnem nagned lisah nakumenem awsis ,67

asarem naka nahacep napap naktaafnamem mahap hadus gnay awsiS .amas

nakumenem araC .nabawaj lisah nakumenem hadum hibel nikgnum

nabawaj nad tapec aguj nabawaj .raneb awsis

S helo nakanugid gnay halasam naiaseleynep araC 8 nagned amas kadit

aynmulebes awsis awsiS . gnurednec ipatet nahacep napap nakanuggnem

adap tahilret tubesret isautiS .lamrof igetarts nagned halasam nakiaseeynem

romonaudek naumetrep ispirksnart .28

.28 S8 ini idaJ“ : 23 ini nad 1

4 [ naigab nakkujnunem libmas - naigab]tubesret naktubesid halet aynialin gnay nahacep irad 21=4x3 ,idaJ .aynKPK tawel nakamasid ,amas muleb aneraK

[ ]nasalebaudrep ialinreb gnay napap kujnunem libmas inibmaid naidumek ,21 2x4 utiay 8 li gnay nahacep gnasamem[

]haub napaled halmujes nasalebaudrep aynialin 1x3 ulal ,]nasalebaudrep aynialin gnay igal nahacep agit gnasamem[

halada aynlisah 1121 .”

alop imahamem hadus nikgnum awsis ,sata id ispirksnart adaP

nahacep nakhalmujnem utaus nakiaseleynem asib hadus aI .tubeynep adeb


36

tubeynep nakamaynem upmam awsiS .lamrof igetarts nagned nahalasamrep

aynitrepes awsiS .tubesret tubeynep audek KPK iracnem nagned

utnab tala nad satilamrof iagabes aynah nahacep napap nakanuggnem

gnutihgnem .nakilakid hadus gnay gnalibmep S awsi aynranebes hadus

ret nahacep napap imahamem hadus ai nad tubes ialin iuhategnem - irad ialin

.tubesret nahacep utrak

S ,amas gnay laos naiaseleynep malaD 11 kadit isatneserp nakukalem

eleynem aI .nahacep napap naktaafnamem nahalasamrep nakias

hakgnal naksilunem kadit aI .lamrof igetarts nakanuggnem - hakgnal

tubesret isautis nupadA .akitametam sumur naksilunem ai ipatet sitametam

.68 romonaudek naumetrep isispirksnart adap kapman

.68 S aynkopmoleK[ 11 laos isatneserp kutnu ujam aI .2 romon id lisah naksilunem ai naidumeK .2 romon laos nakacabmem silut napap id silutid gnay nabawaj lisah nupadA .silut napap

:halada

S helo halasam nahacemep araC 11 nagned amas ripmah aynranebes

S helo nakanugid gnay nahacemep arac 8 nakiaseleynem gnurednec akereM .

S .lamrof igetarts nakanuggnem nahalasamrep 11 imahamem hadus nikgnum

upmam hadus tahilret aI .tubeynep adeb nahacep nahalmujnep pesnok

d halasam nakledomem akitametam sumur naksilunem aguj aI .atirec laos ira

KPK iracnem nagned tubeynep nakamaynem aynitrepes aI .tutnur nagned

nahacep napap nakanuggnem kadit nakhab aI .tubesret tubeynep audek irad

.gnutih utnab tala iagabes

23 + 1

4 = 821 + 3

21 = 1121


46

namem hadum nagned awsis aumes kadiT adA .nahacep napap naktaaf

nakanuggnem SKL adap laos nakiaseleynem tapet gnaruk gnay kopmolek

ikiabrepmem nad utnabmem awsis iripmahgnem gnay uruG .nahacep napap

agitek naumetrep ispirksnart adap awsis helo nahacep napap naanuggnep

nad 05 romon .15

.05 eK[ .nahacep napap nautnab nagned laos nakajregnem 1 kopmol aynialin gnay nahacep utrak haubes nakraulegnem halet akereM gnay nahacep utrak nakkusamem akerem naidumeK .hagnetes

tahilret aggnihes tapmerepes aynialin 12 + 1

4 awsis ,ayntujnaleS .nay sirag kiranem nial nahacep ialin nagned rajajes g

.]nagnat iraj nakanuggnem .15 nahacep utrak ikiabrepmem nad 1 kopmolek iripmahgnem uruG[

aynialin gnay nahacep utrak ,ataynreT .awsis nususid gnay 14

ialinreb gnay utrak utiay ,tapet gnaruk gnasapid 14 kaga gnasapid

utreb aynialin gnay utrak nagned kupm 12 urug aggniheS .

gnay nahacep utrak halebesid tapet nagned aynnakkatelem ialinreb 1

2 nad tubesret nahacep nakturugnem ilabmek awsiS . aynialin gnay nahacep naklisahgnem 34 .]

ialin lanegnem hadus aynitrepes awsiS - irad ialin anerak nahacep utrak

nakhalmujid naka gnay nahacep utrak nakkatelem upmam hadus awsis

anamiagab nakumenem muleb awsis ,ipatet nakA .SKL laos nagned iauses

awsis ,nakhaB .tubesret nahacep napap nagned halasam nakiaseleynem arac

.kupmutreb ayngnasamem awsiS nakanuggnem lisah nakumenem asib kadit

.nahacep napap

nakanuggnem halasam nakhacemem upmam gnurednec awsis kaynaB

isaulave laos nakajregnem awsis taas adap tahilret ini laH .lamrof igetarts

.89 nad 49 romonaudek naumetrep ispirksnart adap

.49 S[ 42 gnades nakanuggnem kadit nad lamrof araces nakajregnem.]rabmag


56

.89 S[ 12 akitametam sumur nakanuggnem lamrof araces nakajregnemhakgnal nakanuggnem kadit ipatet - ]sitametam hakgnal .

nakhalmujnem nagned halasam nakiaseleynem upmam aguj awsiS

aynialin gnay nahacep aynialin gnay nahacep nagned adap tahilret gnay

ispirksnart audek naumetrep .29 romon

.29 S nakgnadeS[ 8 arac nakanuggnem silut napap id naksilunem 8S nabawaj nupada akitametam sumur naksilunem aI .lamrof

:halada silut napap id silutid gnay

S ,sata id nabawaj lisah nakrasadreB 8 gnurednec aynitrepes

.lamrof igetarts nagned halasam nakhacemem upmam awsiS

S .halasam naiaseleynep irad lisah nakanahredeynem kadit aynitrepes awsi

uggnem tubeynep nakamaynem akus hibel nikgnum aI .KPK alop nakan

8S taas adap tahilret ini laH .ayntubeynep audek nakilagnem nagned

rabmag nakanuggnem laos nakajregnem azzip taukrepid naagud ,uti nialeS .

.41 romonagitek naumetrep ispirksnart adap

.41 S[ 8 em hadus naped ek ujam gnusgnal nad tubesret laos nakiaseleyn]silut napap id aynnabawaj lisah naksilunem kutnu salek .

51.3.4 rabmaG silut napap id awsis naajrekep lisaH

nakukalem awsis taas adap lucnum aguj lamrof igetarts naanuggneP

awsiS .agrah napap naniamrep kutnu nial namet nagned lupmukreb tapad

+ = + = = (= =) =)


66

nupadA .urug helo naktubesid gnay nahacep nakrasadreb lisah helorepmem

,8 ,6 ,5 ,4 romontapmeek naumetrep ispirksnart adap tahilret tubesret isautis

ini hawab id rabmag adap tahilret aguj ,uti nialeS .81 nad ,71 ,41 .

61.3.4 rabmaG 71.3.4 rabmaG

agrah napap naniamrep nakukalem awsiS

tapad aynitrepes awsis ,sata id rabmag nad ispirksnart nakrasadreB

kutnebmem tapad akereM .urug helo nakhatnirepid gnay apa nakanaskalem

1 aynialin gnay nahacep 12 eb gnay awsis adA . gnay nahacep nagned lupmukr

gnay awsis nagned lupmukreb gnay awsis aguj ada ipatet amas tubeynepreb

awsis ,ini naniamrep adaP .tubeynep adeb nahacep napap awabmem

tubeynep amas nahacep nakhalmujnem anamiagab mahap hadus aynitrepes

reM .tubeynep adeb nupuam .ini naniamrep nakukalem gnanes tahilret ake

takgnarep naanuggnep awhab nakkujnunem sata id narapap lisaH

nakiaseleynem malad naledomep isadomokagnem halet narajalebmep

upmam nad pesnok imahamem hibel awsiS .nahacep nahalmujnep halasam

aseleynem alasam naki h ahalmujnep n nahacep iridnes arac nagned igetartS .

adebreb aguj awsis nakanugid gnay - gnurednec gnay awsis adA .adeb

gnay awsis ada nad lamrofni igetarts nakanuggnem halasam nakiaseleynem


76

nuggnem gnay awsis aguj ada ,uti nialeS .lamrof igetarts nakanuggnem naka

.nahalasamrep nakhacemem malad igetarts audek

.2 ek lamrofnI igetartS inatabmejneM malad uruG nagnibmibmeP

lamroF igetartS

ek lamrofni igetarts inatabmejnem malad urug helo nagnibmibmeP

nagned laos uata naaynatrep irebmem urug utiay awsis lamrof igetarts

nakirebmem aguj uruG .lamrof igetarts ek haragnem gnay nial sketnok

urug helo nagnibmibmeP .lamrof igetarts ek haragnem gnay igolana hotnoc

awsis haletes awsis adapek naaynatrep nakirebmem urug akitek tahilret

satneserpmem nad SKL laos nakajregnem iaseles .salek naped id aynnaki

naumetrep ispirksnart adap kapman naaynatrep nakirebmem uruG

.09 romonaudek

.09 nakam idrA“ :G 12 ai ,nigni hisam anerak ,tigel sipal naigab

igal gnotomem 16 gnay tigel sipal apareb ,itrareB .naigab

”?idrA nakamid hadus naaynatreP awsis raga naujutreb aynitrepes urug helo nakirebid gnay

.lamrof igetarts nagned nahalasamrep nakiaseleynem tapad P gnay naaynatre

laos anerak nial sketnok nakkujnunem muleb nikgnum urug helo nakirebid

adap laos itrepes tigel sipal nagned nagnubuhreb hisam naumetrep SKL

.audek aparebeb taubmem ini laH nahalasamrep nakiaseleynem awsis

aumes kadiT .aynmulebes laos itrepes nahacep napap nakanuggnem tubesret

haletes lamrof igetarts nagned nahalasamrep nakiaseleynem tapad awsis

.urug irad naaynatrep naktapadnem

G tapad awsis raga awsis adapek laos nakirebmem aguj uru

iulalem naumetrep paites adap nakirebid laoS .nahalasamrep nakhacemem


86

adap laos nakisatneserpmem awsis haletes nial laos nakirebmem uruG .SKL

trep ispirksnart adap tahilret tubesret isautis nupadA .SKL agitek naume

.351 romon

G .351 asib gnay itnaN .igal laos aynup urug uB ?muleb haduS“ : ilat satues iaynupmem dibA .naped ek ujam nakajregnem

ayngnajnap gnay 14 aguj nubraM naidumeK .retem

ilat satues iaynupmem 23 retem ]silut napap id naksilunem[

aynilaT .utas idajnem gnubagid naka nubraM nad dibA”?retem apareb idajneM

nial sketnok nakkujnunem hadus nikgnum urug helo laos nairebmeP

nairebmeP .risap alug ianegnem utiay ,aynmulebes nakirebid gnay laos irad

awsis utnabmem aynitrepes nial sketnok nagned laos nakiaseleynem

nagned gnukudid ini laH .lamrof igetarts nakanuggnem nahalasamrep

awsis nad akitametam sumur nakanuggnem awsis audek naiaseleynep

tubesret isautis nupadA .KPK alop iulalem tubeynep nakamaynem upmam

naumetrep ispirksnart adap tahilret agitek .851 nad 651 romon

651 . S nabawaj lisah nupadA[ 8 :halada silut napap id silutid gnay

851 . S[ 11 napap id aynnabawaj lisah naksilunem kutnu naped ek ujam:halada aynnabawaj lisah nupadA .silut

S naidumeK 11 .]alumes tapmet id kudud ilabmek

G nahacep nahalmujnep ianegnem laos nakirebmem aguj uru

.adeb tubeynepreb nahacep nahalmujnep nad amas tubeynepreb S gnay lao

.14 nad 04 romon tapmeek naumetrep ispirksnart nagned iauses nakirebid

.04 ilunem uruG[ ].tukireb iagabes ,silut napap id laos s

14 +

23 = 3+8

21 = 1121

14 + 2

3 = 321 + 8

21 = 1121 .

.1 12 +2

8 .2 1

6 +26 + 3

6


96

.14 G adeb tubeynep inI !nakajrekid hadus aY“ : urug[ ,]1 romon laos nakkujnunem amas tubeynep ini nakkujnunem urug[

]2 on laos .”ini nakajregnem tinem 3 aynutkaw

helo nakirebid gnay laoS awsis utnabmem nikgnum urug

aH .lamrof igetarts nagned laos nakiaseleynem laos anerak ini l gnay

malad nakub laos nad akitametam tamilak kutneb malad hadus nakirebid

tamilak malad halasam nakledomem ulrep kadit awsiS .lautsketnok kutneb

j awsiS .akitametam hakgnal naksilunem ulrep kadit agu - .sitametam hakgnal

nahalmujnep alop nagned halasam nakiaseleynem gnusgnal tapad awsiS

.nahacep

lamrof igetarts ek haragnem gnay igolana hotnoc nakirebmem uruG

napap naanuggnep adap tahilret awsis azzip rabmag nad azzip ay gn

iagabes nakigolanaid azzip napap apureb hotnoc irebmem urug ,uti nialeS .

tubesret isautis nupadA .tigel sipal idajnem nakigolanaid gnay nahacep

ispirksnart adap kapman audek naumetrep nad 03 romon ispirksnart

.08 romon audek naumetrep

.03 ,uti haleteS[ rabmag ,SKL nakigabmem urug azzip napap nadazzip iagabes nakigolanaid gnay azzip araces awsis kutnu

.]kopmolekreb

.08 aidem nautnab nagned 2 romon laos nakajregnem awsis aumeS[ akereM .tigel sipal idajnem nakigolanaid gnay nahacep napap

pap akubmem ialum arac iracnem ialum nad tubesret nahacep na.]halasam naiaseleynep

hisam igolana hotnoc nairebmep ,sata id ispirksnart nakrasadreB

nikgnum awsiS .nasil araces naktubeynem kadit urug anerak kapman gnaruk

rabmag awhab iridnes rikipreb tapad azzip pad tubesret nakigolanaid ta

iagabes azzip sketnok nagned halasam nakhacemem upmam awsiS . azzip


07

hotnoc nakirebmem aynitrepes aguj uruG .tubesret aidem nakanuggnem

taubid nahacep napaP .nahacep napap idajnem tigel sipal apureb igolana

aynkutneb aggnihes gnajnap igesrep naanuggneP .tigel sipal iapureynem

kutnu awsis nakharagnem tapad aynitrepes tubesret igolana hotnoc

tapad awsis aparebeB .lamrof igetarts nakanuggnem halasam nakhacemem

.kartsba araces rikipreb upmam nad tubesret halasam nakledomem

malad urug nagnibmibmeP lamrof irad awsis igetarts inatabmejnem

kapman hadus lamrofni ujunem .gnaruk hisam ipatet gnaruk hisam uruG

nairebmep ,uti nialeS .nial sketnok nagned naaynatrep nakirebmem malad

kadit urug ,ipatet nakA .nasil araces naktubesid muleb hisam igolana hotnoc

p hadus awsis raseb naigabes anerak nagnibmib nakirebmem kaynab ulre

.lamrof igetarts nagned halasam nakiaseleynem

.3 naledomeP kitsiretkaraK namukgnaR

naledomeP kitsiretkaraK namukgnaR 3.4 lebaT

oN kepsA ispirksnarT

1 naanuggneP lamrofni igetarts

awsis helo malad nahacemep

halasam

1 naumetreP

.39 .ulob sukgnub akubmem gnades 1 kopmoleK[ ialum nad isuksidreb gnades tapmereb akereM akereM .laos acabmem haletes ulob gnotomem gnotopid uloB .ulob halebmem abocnem

.]naigab tapme idajnem .59 tas utiay ,1 kopmoleK[ aynigabmem awsis u

gnisam atoggna agitek adapek - 1 gnisam .SKL adap laos nakagarepmem itrepes naigab

S ,uti haleteS 8 aI .SKL laos adap nakajregnem narakgnil kutneb idajnem ulob rabmaggnem

.]niok gnau nakanuggnem kalpijid gnay

2 naumetreP .56 am 11 kopmoleK nabawaj ipaggnanem kutnu uj

S .7 kopmolek 41 id naajrekep lisah naksilunemS .siut napap 41 hakgnal naksilunem - hakgnal


17


nad iuhatekidgnay apa utiay sitametam apaid gnay : halada nabawaj lisah nupadA .bawaj

.37 S[ 41 awsis nad urug adapek naksalejnem]nalep gnay araus nagned salek malad .

aneraK“ 14 nad 1

4 halada uti 24 nagned amas uti ,

12 ” rabmag nagnotop nakkujnunem libmas[

azzip .] .19 S[ 21 S nad 73 nakanuggnem nakagarepmem

utrak gnasamem akereM .nahacep napap aynialin gnay nahacep 1

2 nagned 16 naidumeK .

S akerem 21 gnay surul kirag kiranem .tubesret nahalmujnep irad lisah nakapurem

halada helorep akerem gnay lisaH 23 ,

46 nad

821 ].

3 naumetreP

.67 S[ 31 S nagned utnabid 52 haubes nakraulegnem .hagnetes aynialin gnay nahacep utrak utrak haubes nakgnasamem ai naidumeK halebes id tapmerepes aynialin gnay nahacep hisam gnay hagnetes ialinreb nahacep utrak akereM .nahacep napap adap adareb

ab naklupmiynem nahalmujnep irad lisah awh isireb gnay nahacep napap halada tubesret utiay ,amas ayngnajnap gnay nahacep utrak aynialin gnay nahacep napap adap utrak haub agit aynhalmuj gnay natapmerep

uata nahacep 34 napap adap uti nialeS .

ebaudrep aynialin gnay nahacep akereM .nasal ada amas ayngnajnap gnay utrak gnutihgnem

halada aynlisah ,idaJ .nalibmeS 921 .]

2 naanuggneP lamrof igetartS

nahacemep maladhalasam

2 naumetreP .75 S8 ”muJ ub ek nakirebid afaD aynup inI“ :

rabmag nakanuggnem[ azzip nad gnay irtuP nad avaD aynup nakkujnunem

naksilunem ulal ,urug ek nakirebid id napap]aynlisah nakkujnunem kutnu silut .

.06 S[ 8 lisah nupadA .silut napap id naksilunem:halada nabawaj

14 + 1

2 = 28 + 4

8 = 68 : 2

2 = 34 naigab

14 + 2

4 = 34


27


.28 S8 ini idaJ“ : 2

3 ini nad 14 [ nakkujnunem libmas

naigab - aynialin gnay nahacep irad naigab]tubesret naktubesid halet ,amas muleb aneraK

21=4x3 ,idaJ .aynKPK tawel nakamasid[ ialinreb gnay napap kujnunem libmas

]nasalebaudrep 8 libmaid naidumek ,21 ini2x4 utiay p gnasamem[ aynialin gnay nahace

]haub napaled halmujes nasalebaudrep ulal , 1x3 gnay igal nahacep agit gnasamem[

]nasalebaudrep aynialin halada aynlisah 1121 ”

.68 S aynkopmoleK[ 11 laos isatneserp kutnu ujamon laos nakacabmem aI .2 romon .2 rom

.silut napap id lisah naksilunem ai naidumeK napap id silutid gnay nabawaj lisah nupadA

:halada silut

.29 S nakgnadeS[ 8 silut napap id naksilunem

naksilunem aI .lamrof arac nakanuggnem gnay 8S nabawaj nupada akitametam sumur

:halada silut napap id silutid

.49 S[ 42 nad lamrof araces nakajregnem gnades

.]rabmag nakanuggnem kadit .89 S[ 12 nakanuggnem lamrof araces nakajregnem

nakanuggnem kadit ipatet akitametam sumurhakgnal - ]sitametam hakgnal .

3 naumetreP

.41 S[ 8 nad tubesret laos nakiaseleynem hadusk ujam gnusgnal kutnu salek naped e

silut napap id aynnabawaj lisah naksilunem hakgnal nagned - sumur nad sitametam hakgnal

akitametam ]. 651 . S nabawaj lisah nupadA[ 8 id silutid gnay

:halada silut napap

851 . S[ 11 lisah naksilunem kutnu naped ek ujam lisah nupadA .silut napap id aynnabawaj

23 + 1

4 = 821 + 3

21 = 1121

12 + 1

6 = 621 + 2

21 = 821 = 8:2

21 ∶2 (= 46 =) 4:2

6:2 =

(23

)

14 +

23 = 3+8

21 = 1121


37


:halada aynnabawaj

S naidumeK 11 .]alumes tapmet id kudud ilabmek

4 naumetreP

.97 napap id aynnabawaj lisah naksilunem 12S[

:halada nabawaj lisah nupadA .silut

.88 lisah naksilunem nad naped ek ujam 53S[

53S nabawaj lisah nupadA .aynnabawaj

:halada

3 nagnibmibmeP

malad uruG inatabmejneM

lamrofnI igetartS igetartS ek

lamroF

2 naumetreP

.03 rabmag ,SKL nakigabmem urug ,uti haleteS[azzip napap nad azzip nakigolanaid gnay

iagabes azzip u araces awsis kutn.]kopmolekreb

.08 2 romon laos nakajregnem awsis aumeS[ napap aidem nautnab nagned gnay nahacep

akereM .tigel sipal idajnem nakigolanaid nad tubesret nahacep napap akubmem ialum

.]halasam naiaseleynep arac iracnem ialum .09 nakam idrA“ :G 1

2 anerak ,tigel sipal naigab igal gnotomem ai ,nigni hisam 1

6 .naigab hadus gnay tigel sipal apareb ,itrareB

”?idrA nakamid

3 naumetreP G .351 .igal laos aynup urug uB ?muleb haduS“ :

ek ujam nakajregnem asib gnay itnaN gnay ilat satues iaynupmem dibA .naped

ayngnajnap 14 nubraM naidumeK .retem

atues iaynupmem aguj ilat s 23 retem ]silut napap id naksilunem[ aynilaT

14 + 2

3 = 321 + 8

21 = 1121 .

16 +2

6 + 36 = 1+2+3

6 = 66 1 =

12 +2

8 = 861 + 4

61 = 2161 = 6

8 = 34


47


gnubagid naka nubraM nad dibA”?retem apareb idajneM .utas idajnem

4 naumetreP

.04 iagabes ,silut napap id laos silunem uruG[].tukireb

.14 G adeb tubeynep inI !nakajrekid hadus aY“ : ,]1 romon laos nakkujnunem urug[ ini

amas tubeynep on laos nakkujnunem urug[ ]2 .”ini nakajregnem tinem 3 aynutkaw

.D narajalebmeP isatnemelpmI iskelfeR

s padahret isatnemelpmi adap narajalebmep takgnarep naanuggneP lepma

malad naledomep amaturet ,IRMP kitsiretkarak naklucnumem halet satabret

upmam awsiS .lucnum halet naledomep kepsa aumeS .halasam nakiaseleynem

igetarts nupuam lamrof igetarts nakanuggnem kiab halasam nakiaseleynem

lad urug helo nagnibmibmeP .lamrofni lamrofni igetarts inatabmejnem ma

kepsa ,ipatet nakA .kapman aguj lamrof igetarts ek awsis - muleb tubesret kepsa

halasam nakiaseleynem upmam awsis aumes kadiT .lamitpo araces kapman

halasam nakiaseleynem asaibret hadus awsis anerak iridnes arac nagned

adreb anerak awsis gnibmibmem kaynab aguj uruG .urug irad kujnutep nakras

.lanoisnevnok narajalebmep nakanuggnem asaibret urug

.3 12 +2

8 .4 1

6 +26 + 3

6


57

V BAB

NARAS NAD NALUPMISEK

ianegnem sahabid naka V bab adaP snad nalupmisek nara .

.A nalupmiseK

tapad naitilenep lisah nakrasadreB .tukireb iagabes nalupmisek kiratid

.1 nakgnabmegnem gnay nagnabmegnep naitilenep nakapurem ini naitileneP

nakanuggnem gnay narajalebmep takgnarep apureb kudorp haubes

gnay subalis )1( :irad iridret narajalebmep takgnareP .IRMP natakednep

kagnem nagned taubid kepsa tapadret utiay ,rotakidni naigab adap isadomo

awsis tubesret rotakidni kepsa adaP .fitkefa nad kirotomokisp ,fitingok

pukacnem PPR )2( ,iridnes arac nagned halasam nakiaseleynem atnimid

nataigek nataigek nad IRMP sahk iric nakanuggnem nakrasadreb

skE (isamrifnoK nad ,isarobalE ,isarolp KEE ) PPR nataigek malad anamid

,raja iretam isireb PPR .iridnes arac nagned halasam nakiaseleynem awsis

halasam nakanuggnem SKL)3( ,narajalebmep aidem atres naialinep kirbur

nimem gnay atirec laos kutneb malad lautsketnok nakiaseleynem awsis at

rukugnem kutnu nakanugid isaulave laos )4( ,iridnes arac nagned halasam

nahacep nahalmujnep halasam nakiaseleynem malad awsis namahamep

,kiranem taubid raja nahab )5( ,udividni araces awsis imahapid hadum nad

laos isireb - em gnay laos arac nagned halasam nakiaseleynem awsis atnim

.iridnes

.2 P narajalebmep takgnarep nagnabmegne onoyiguS rudesorp nakanuggnem

nagnabmegnep rudesorP .epitotorp kutneb malad lawa isiver pahat iapmas


67

nad satabret lepmas adap isatnemelpmi nagned isakifidom imalagnem halet

nagnabmegnep rudesorP .isadilav pahat adap naacabretek iju nakukalem

:irad iridret )1( nahutubek sisilana nakukalem utiay ,halasam nad isnetoP

nalupmugnep )2( )isavresbo nad aracnawaw( kutnu nakanugid gnay atad

utiay kudorp niasid )3( ,kudorp nagnabmegnep takgnarep nagnabmegnep

( ,narajalebmep 4 isadilav sesorp ) araces nakukalid gnay tnemgduj trepxe

kiab tagnas irogetak nagned 45,3 atarer lisah helorepmem nad ( , 5 isiver )

nakukalem utiay nad ,ilha irad nakusam iauses isiver (6 emelpmi ) isatn

irogetak 25,3 halada nopser tekgna lisah nagned satabret lepmas padahret

.kiab tagnas lepmas adap nakisatnemelpmiid gnay narajalebmep takgnareP

samrep nakhacemem kutnu awsis isadomokagnem halet satabret nahala

igtarts nupuam lamrofni igetarts nakanuggnem kiab ,iridnes arac nagned

halet uruG .nahacep nahalmujnep pesnok imahamem awsiS .lamrof

ujunem lamrofni igetarts irad inatabmejnem malad nagnibmib nakirebmem

ed laos nakirebmem hadus uruG .lamrof igetarts ipatet nial sketnok nagn

.nasil araces naktubesid muleb hisam igolana hotnoc nairebmep

.B naraS

naras nakirebmem itilenep ,ini nagnabmegnep naitilenep nakrasadreB

.ayntujnales itilenep nad urug igab

.1 urug kutnu naraS

.a adapek natapmesek nakirebmem hibel uruG nakiaseleynem kutnu awsis

.awsis helo nakumetid gnay arac nagned nahacep nahalmujnep halasam


77

.b naanaskalep aggnihes uluhad hibelret PPR irajalepmem aynkiabes uruG

nataigek itukignem narajalebmep - aggnihes PPR adap nataigek

.kapman hibel IRMP kitsiretkarak

.c ruG nial iretam adap narajalebmep nakukalem kutnu isavitomret u

.aynnial fitavoni narajalebmep uata IRMP natakednep nagned

.2 nial itilenep kutnu naraS

.a IRMP narajalebmep takgnarep apureb gnay kudorP ini adap satabret

nahacep nahalmujnep iretam aggnihes ekid tapad iretam adap nakgnabm

.aynial

.b narajalebmep takgnareP aynah adap nakisatnemelpmiid iregeN DS

nakukalem ulrep sinejes naitilenep aggnihes AVI salek 1 otpicusidA

adap isatnemelpmi aggnihes halokes aparebeb kutnu naknikayem hibel

.aboc iju naanaskalep

.c nabmegneP raga isnerefer rebmus habmanem ulrep kudorp nag

takgnarep narajalebmep ak amil nakkujnunem hibel .IRMP kitsiretkar

.d nial itilenep nakabocijuid tapad nad epitotorp apureb naitilenep lisaH

iapmas nataubmep lasam kudorp .

.3 idutS margorP kutnu naraS

.a anacaw iagabeS nagnabmegnep naitilenep ianegnem gnay

narajalebmep takgnarep nakgnabmegnem natakednep nakanuggnem

IRMP .

.b habmaneM nad isnerefer .iduts margorp naakatsuprep napakgnelek


87

AKATSUP RATFAD

.5002 .niddufiaS ,rawzA aynnarukugneP nad iroeT :aisunaM pakiS . :atrakaygoY

rajaleP akatsuP

.0102 .irdnA ,anahargunA nagned akitametaM narajalebmeP huragneP

.DS awsiS rajaleB lisaH nad sativitkA padahret kitsilaeR natakedneP

.atrakaygoY iregeN satisrevinU helo naktibretid siseT

.9002 .PNSB mulukiruK nanusuyneP namodeP nakididneP nautaS takgniT .

lanoisaN nakididneP nemetrapeD :atrakaJ

.6691 .W drahciR ,dnalepoC rehcaeT yratnemelE eht dna scitamehtaM .

ynapmoC srednuaS :nodnoL dna aihpledalihP

.7002 .onU ,B hajmaH rajaleB sesorP nakatpicneM narajalebmeP ledoM

gnay rajagneM fitkefE nad fitaerK araksA imuB :olatnoroG .

.0102 .namureH rasaD halokeS id akitametaM narajalebmeP ledoM :gnudnaB .

ayrakadsoR ajameR TP

.8891 .kkd ,skraM ,L nhoJ rasaD halokeS kutnu akitametaM narajagneP edoteM .

aggnalrE :atrakaJ

.7002 .hcilsuM ,runaM TK nad isnetepmoK sisabreB narajalebmeP PS

.lautsketnoK araksA imuB :gnalaM

.8002 .iramejD ,ipadraM setnoN nad seT nemurtsnI nanusuyneP kinkeT .

atrakajgoJ aikidneC artiM :atrakaygoY

.8002 .totaG ,oyteshuM DS akitametaM narajalebmeP satisrevinU :atrakaJ .

ubreT ak


97

.1102 .hamitaF ,inaiteS narajalebmeP malad fitanretlA nemsesA nagnabmegneP

rasaD halokeS id kitsilaeR natakedneP nagned akitametaM isatresiD .

.atrakaygoY iregeN satisrevinU helo naktibretid rotkod

.6002 .okE iluY gataT ,onowsiS IRMP : ametaM narajalebmeP gnay akit

.awsiS naidabirpeK nad sativitaerK naralaneP nakgnabmegneM

ASENU APIMF :ayabaruS

.9991 .otemalS rotkaF - takgniT aynhadneR nagneD tiakreT gnaY rotkaF

akitametaM rajaleB lisaH naiapacneP aydiW aytaS : agitalaS .

.0002 .R ,idajdeoS taM nakididneP taiK isalatsnoK :aisenodnI id akitame

napeD asaM naparaH ujuneM iniK asaM naadaeK nemetrapeD :atrakaJ .

lanoisaN nakididneP

.1102 .onoyiguS D&R nad fitatilauK fitatitnauK naitileneP edoteM :gnudnaB .

atebaflA

.3002 .itayakuS S kutnu narajagneP isivrepuS nahitaleP rasaD haloke .

.lanoisaN nakididneP nemetrapeD :atrakaygoY

.7002 .idraluS saleK rasaD halokeS kutnu :4 diliJ akitametaM gnutihreB iadnaP

VI aggnalrE :atrakaJ .

.3002 .kkd ,ayruS DS nakididnepeK atkeleS atipaK akubreT satisrevinU :atrakaJ .

.9002 .yseD annaH ,iradnayruS nagnaliB pesnoK lawA narajalebmeP ledoM

.kitsilaeR natakedneP nagned III irkpoB DS VI saleK id taluB ispirkS

amrahD atanaS satisrevinU helo naktibretid

.0102.kkd ,otnayruS aisenodnI kitsilaeR akitametaM nakididneP harajeS .)IRMP(

akatsuP iskeloK :atrakaJ


08

:halakaM .7002 .tS ,onosrawuS kitsilaeR akitametaM narajalebmeP napareneP

PMS id )IRMP/RMP( amrahD atanaS satisrevinU :atrakaygaY .

.4002 .difahK .M ,itayuS kutnu gnutihreB adap nanakeneP akitametaM narajaleP

K rasaD halokeS 4 sale aggnalrE :atrakaJ .

.8002 .niesuH ,samopmaT saleK AM/AMS kutnu 1 diliJakitametaM aneP ubireS

.X aggnalrE :atrakaJ

.0102 .otnairT ( udapreT narajalebmeP ledoM nad ,igetartS ,pesnoK

)nakididneP nautaS takgniT mulukiruK malad aynisatnemelpmI :atrakaJ .

uB araskA im

.9891 .A ecnerwaL ,ireivirT scitamehtaM cisaB warGcM :ASU . - lliH

.1102 .idairA ,ayajiW kitsilaeR akitametaM nakididneP umlI aharG :atrakaygoY .

beW irad rebmuS

.8002 .ailamA .nahaceP nagnaliB :ludoM .2102 iluJ 7 laggnat adap seskaiD

0ailama//:ptth 55:71?fdpnahacep/70/8002/moc.sserpdrowselif.7

.9002 .atarB ,udE :talkiD ludoM kutnU narajalebmeP takgnareP nagnabmegneP

rasaD halokeS iD narajalebmeP laggnat adap seskaiD . iraunaJ21 .2102

takgnarep/92/90/8002/moc.sserpdrow.htamsurna - /narajalebmep

.8002 .idnA ,idsuR .narajalebmeP takgnareP iD seska iraunaJ 21 laggnat adap

2102 .

atarbhabm - nagnabmegnep/21/9002/moc.topsgolb.ude -

lmth.narajalebmeptakgnarep


18

1 naripmaL

LISAH )ARACNAWAW( NAHUTUBEK SISILANA

nakididneP nautaS 1 otpicusidA iregeN DS :

iraH laggnaT / : simaK

laggnaT 2102 iraunaJ 5 :

retsemes / saleK 2 / VI :

AVI saleK uruG DS.dP.S ,haliramuJ :

oN naaynatreP nabawaJ

1 gnay apa edoteM a adn

rajagnem malad nakanug

?akitametam

hibel gnay amal edotem nakanuggnem ayaS

,hamarec aynlasiM .urug adap tasupreb

aynat ilakeses - .isuksid uata bawaj

2 rajagnem amales hakapA

a aidem nakanuggnem adn

?rajagnem utnab tala iagabes

ayaS gnadak - aidem nakanuggnem gnadak

rajagnem paites kadit ipatet ,rajagnem kutnu

.aidem nakanuggnem ayas

3 salek anasaus anamiagaB

narajalebmep akitek

?akitametam

kanA - nakapurem uti ayas salek id kana

iracnem nad fitka gnay awsis irad naitahrep

amet nad urug nasekret salek aggnihes n

.iamar

4 hakapA a hanrep adn

natakednep nakparenem

narajalep malad IRMP

?akitametam

natakednep nakparenem hanrep muleb ayaS

mahap utigeb muleb ayas aneraK .IRMP

.IRMP natakednep ianegnem

5 A hakap aladnek gnay

kadit adna taubmem

nakanuggnem ledom

narajalebmep fitavoni ?

kaynab ulalret iretam asarem ayaS

ayas uti niales ,satabret aynutkaw nakgnades

gnatnet pukuc gnay isnerefer ikilimem kadit

.fitavoni narajalebmep ledom

6 itrepes gnay narajalebmeP

gnay apa nigni adna nakparet

gnay narajalebmep nakparenem nigni ayaS

aynlasim ,awsis tanim kiranem asib


28

nagned awsis adapek

awsis isnetop nakitahrepmem

salek id adna ?

.iynaynem uata naniamrep nakanuggnem

amales nigni aguj ayas uti nialeS

awsis narajalebmep kutnu aidem isatilisafid

uti nialeS .iretam imahamem utnabmem

narajalebmep nakparenem nigni aguj ayas

raneb gnay - ,awsis nakfitkagnem asib raneb

,isuksid ,kopmolek ajrek aynada aynlasim

.tapadnep nakakumegnem nad

7 hakapA a kutnu tanimreb adn

nep nakparenem nataked

narajalebmep malad IRMP

anerakakitametam

IRMP natakednep

aumes isadomokagnem

gnay kitsiretkarak adna

?naknigni

naka aguj uti anerak tanimreb tagnas ayaS

.ayas igab urab namalagnep idajnem


38

2 naripmaL

NAHUTUBEK SISILANA LISAH )ISAVRESBO(

3 nad ,2 ,1 isavresebO

nakididneP nautaS 1 otpicusidA iregeN DS :

iraH ,asaleS : utbaS nad ,simaK

laggnaT iraunaJ 41 nad ,21 ,01 : 2102

retsemes / saleK 2 / VI :

.1 sketnoK naanuggneP kitsiretkaraK

oN kepsA takgniS isaraN

1 nakanuggneM halasam

lautsketnok

.a laos nakanuggneM

nagned taked gnay atirec

awsis napudihek

atirec laos nakanuggnem kadit uruG

uruG .narajalebmep ilawagnem kutnu

uata SKL id laos sahabmem gnusgnal

nakanuggnem iretam nakiapmaynem

.akitametam tamilak

.b nahalasamreP

gnay lautsketnok

upmam nakiapmasid

awsis nakharagnem

pesnok nakumenem

halasam nakirebmem kadit uruG

awsis nakharagnem kutnu lautsketnok

gnusgnal uruG .pesnok nakumenem

uata SKL id ada gnay RP sahabmem

.narajalep iretam naksalejnem

.c nahalasamreP

autksetnok gnay l

hadum nakiapmasid

awsis itregnemid

halasam nakirebmem kadit uruG

naksalejnem gnusgnal uruG .lautsketnok

.laos sahabmem uata narajalep iretam

2 naniamrep nakanuggneM

.a gnay naniamreP

nakanugid

naktikgnabmem

naniamrep nakanuggnem kadit uruG

.awsis tagnames naktikgnabmem kutnu

iretam nakiapmaynem gnusgnal uruG


48

awsis tagnames .laos sahabmem uata narajalep

.b naniamreP

apa nakrabmaggnem

irajalepid naka gnay

naniamrep nakanuggnem kadit uruG

.awsis tagnames naktikgnabmem kutnu

iretam nakiapmaynem gnusgnal uruG

.laos sahabmem uata narajalep

3 nad aidem nakanuggneM

agarep tala

.a agarep tala nad aideM

hadum nakanugid gnay

nagned taked/nakumetid

.awsis

,agarep tala nakanuggnem kadit uruG

silut napap nakanuggnem aynah urug

kutnu aguj awsiS .iretam naksalejnem

nakajregnem uata iretam irajalepmem

tala/aidem nakanuggnem apnat laos

.agarep

.b agarep tala nad aideM

naitahrep kiranem tapad

awsis

nad nasil araces iretam naksalejnem uruG

aggnihes silut napap nakanuggnem aynah

kadit awsis nakitahrepmem kutnu kiratret

.urug

4 lawa nauhategnep ilaggneM

awsis ikilimid gnay

.a gnay lawa nauhategneP

nagned iauses ilagid

iretam

gnay apa gnatnet aynatreb kadit uruG

gnay iretam gnatnet awsis iuhatekid

aynat nakukalem urug ilakeseS .irajalepid

kutneb malad laos nakanuggnem bawaj

.lamrof


58

.2 ledoM naanuggneP kitsiretkaraK


1 lamrofni igetarts nanuggneP

nahacemep malad awsis helo

halasam

awsis helo lamrofni igetarts naanuggneP

.kapman muleb halasam nahacemep malad

gnutih isarepo malad lamrofni igetartS

nakanuggnem awsis nakukalid narupmac

.urug helo udnapid gnay nagnalib sirag

nakumenem gnay awsis nakub aggniheS

.tubesret halasam naiaseleynep arac iridnes

isairav ada kadit naktabikagnem ini laH

rts nakanuggnep malad araC .lamrofni igeta

nakanuggnem nagnutihrep nakisarepognem

hakgnal itukignem aguj nagnalib sirag -

akiteK .urug helo nakirebid gnay hakgnal

aguj nahacep irad naigab rabmaggnem

.urug irad hotnoc nakrasadreb

2 lamrof igetarts nanuggneP

emep malad awsis helo nahac

halasam

.a halasam nakledomeM

akitametam tamilak malad

malad halasam nakledomem kadit awsiS

gnay laos anerak akitametam tamilak

hadus nakirebid tamilak kutneb malad

kutneb malad laos nakub akitametam

.lautsketnok

.b sumur nakanuggneM

malad akitametam

halasam nahacemep

nabawaj lisah naksilunem awsiS

.nagnalib sirag nakrasadreb

nakanuggnem gnay ada awsis aparebeB

hakgnal tikides - ipatet ,tutnur gnay hakgnal

naksilunem gnusgnal awsis raseb naigabes

.nabawaj lisah

.c hakgnal nakanuggneM -

ad sitametam hakgnal mal

hakgnal naksilunem gnay awsis ada kadiT -

irad iridret gnay sitametam hakgnal


68

halasam nahacemep .bawaj nad aynatid ,iuhatekid awsiS

.nakirebid gnay laos bawajnem gnusgnal

3 urug helo nagnibmibmeP

igetarts inatabmejnem malad

igetarts ek awsis lamrofni

of lamr

.a naaynatrep irebmem uruG

igetarts ek haragnem gnay

lamrof

araces naaynatrep nakirebmem kadit uruG

gnusgnal awsis utnabmem gnay nasil

ek haragnem .lamrof igetarts

.b laos irebmem uruG

gnay nial sketnok nagned

igetarts ek haragnem

lamrof

gnay laoS malad hadus urug helo nakirebid

akitamitam tamilak kutneb .

.c hotnoc irebmem uruG

ek haragnem gnay igolana

lamrof igetarts

uata igolana hotnoc nakirebmem kadit urug

.awsis adapek naamapmurep


78

.3 awsiS isubirtnoK naanuggneP kitsiretkaraK


1 iagabreb napakgnugneP

nakanugid gnay igetarts

halasam nahacemep malad

.a arac iagabreb aynlucnuM

malad nakanugid gnay

helo halasam nahacemep

awsis

tapadnep lucnum kadit narajalebmep malaD

tapadret awhab nakataynem gnay awsis

.halasam nahacemep malad arac isairav

.b gnay utkaw nairebmeP

awsis adapek ipukucnem

halasam nahacemep malad

adap pukuc gnay utkaw nakirebmem uruG

.laos nakajregnem awsis taas

.c awsis helo aidem nahilimeP

malad nakanugid gnay

gnay igetarts napakgnugnep

nakanugid

kutnu aidem nahilimep ada kadiT

halasam nahacemep igetarts napakgnugnep

aidem nakanuggnem kadit urug nakanerakid

.rajagnem akitek narajalebmep

2 napaggnat nairebmeP

gnay igetarts padahret

nakanugid

.a irebmem awsiS

padahret naras/ratnemok

lisah nial awsis naajrekep

ada kadit ripmah ,isavresbo ilak 3 amaleS

lisah ipaggnanem gnay awsis irad ratnemok

.nial awsis irad naajrekep

.b lisah naklupmiynem awsiS

aynah urug( narajalep

)awsis nakharagnem

ada kadit narajalebmep rihka paites malaD

natapmesek awsis naknikgnumem gnay

.naajrekep lisah naklupmiynem kutnu

nakiapmasid aynah aynasaib nalupmiseK

.tisilpske araces

3 urug helo isavitom nairebmeP

kutnu awsis adapek

ayntapadnep nakpakgnugnem

halasam nahacemep padahret

.a helo naaynatrep nairebmeP helo nakukalid gnay narajalebmep malaD


88

urug gnicnamem kutnu

aynatreb awsis

gnay urug irad naaynatrep ada kadit ,urug

ripmaH .aynatreb kutnu awsis gnicnamem

ilabmek nakaynanem gnay awsis ada kadit

helo nakiapmasid halet gnay iretam gnatnet

.urug

4 nairebmeP helo natapmesek

kutnu awsis adapek urug

tapadnep nakpakgnugnem

aynah urug helo nakirebid gnay natapmeseK

laos nawajnem kutnu natapmesek radekes

tubesret natapmesek malad ,riligreb araces

nakakumegnem kutnu tutnutid kadit awsis

em kutnu nakanugid gnay arac naktapadn

.tubesret lisah

5 helo naaynatrep naujagneP

adap haragnem gnay awsis

pesnok nanugnabmep

narajalebmep

naaynatreP - nakpakgnuid gnay naaynatrep

,sinket naaynatrep radekes aynah awsis helo

surah gnay ajas anam laos :itrepes

tubesret laos ,nakajrekid nakajrekid asib

gnay naaynatrep nakub nad ,anamid

iretam pesnok nanugnabmep adap ucagnem

urug helo nakiapmasid gnades gnay


98

.4 awsiS sativitkaretnI naanuggneP kitsiretkaraK


.1 awsiS nad uruG

.a salek amron nugnabmeM salek amron nakiapmaynem kadit uruG

naidumek malas nakirebmem aynah

.ispesrepa nad isneserp

.b bawaj aynat nakadagneM

narajalep amales

gnusgnalreb

anerak bawaj aynat nakukalem gnaraj uruG

edotem nakanuggnem gnurednec urug

.hamarec

.c isartsnomed nakukaleM

nakanuggnem nagned

narajalebmep aidem

naknialem aidem nakanuggnem kadit uruG

.kartsba gnay adneb rabmaggnem

.d malad awsis gnibmibmeM

halasam nakhacemem

gnay laos apureb

urug nakirebid

awsis adapek nagnibmib nakirebmem uruG

akiaseleynem arac nutnunem nagned .laos n

.e isaisogen isatilisafmeM

awsis ratna

ratna isaisogen nakgnabmegnem kadit uruG

edotem nakanuggnem urug anerak awsis

.hamarec

.f naialinep nakukaleM

sesorp

.sesorp naialinep nakirebmem kadit uruG

.g naialinep nakukaleM

kudorp

nakirebmem uruG iulalem kudorp naialinep

.iretam naiapmaynep rihka id isaulave laos

.h nataugnep nakirebmeM uruG .nataugnep nakirebmem gnaraj uruG

atak nagned nataugnep nakirebmem ilakeses

.”tapet hadus nabawaJ“

.2 awsis nad awsiS

.a lisah nakisatneserpmeM

naajrekep

awsiS kutnu natapmesek ikilimem kadit

anerak naajrekep lisah nakisatneserpmem

.hamarec kaynab hibel urug

.b amasajrek nakukaleM araces laos nakajregnem gnurednec awsiS


09

nial awsis nagned isuksid nakukalem kadit nad iridnam

.nial gnay namet nagned

.c nakiapmayneM tapadnep

naaynatrep uata

kutnu natapmesek ikilimem awesis gnadaK

salek naped id aynnabawaj nakpakgnugnem

.silutret araces

.d isaiserpa nakirebmeM

nial namet padahret

awsis nakitahrepmem hanrep kadit awsiS

aggnihes nasagag nakakumegnem gnay nial

pa ada kadit helo nakirebid gnay isaiser

.awsis

.e namet nakitahrepmeM

nakiapmaynem gnay

tapadnep

nakitahrepmem kadit gnurednec awsiS

nakakumegnem gnay nial awsis

.nasagag/tapadnep


19

.5 gninniwtretnI naanuggneP kitsiretkaraK


1 iretam natiak aynadA

iretam nagned nahacep

atam utas malad aynnial

akitametam narajalep

.a iretam nagned aynnatiaK

talub nagnalib

nagnaliB nahalmujneP(

taluB )

nahalmujnep nakanuggnem muleb uruG

.asaib

.b iretam nagned aynnatiaK

ratad nugnab

kadit uruG agned naktiakgnem kipot n

adneb isakifitnedignem - gnay ratikesid adneb

gnusgnal uruG .ratad nugnab kutnebreb

.nahacep nagnalib nakanuggnem

.c iaK iretam nagned aynnat

halasam nakiaseleynem

nagned natiakreb gnay

nahacep

uata ispesrepa nakanuggnem kadit uruG

laos - atirec irad alumreb gnay laos

urug ,awsis ratikesid ada gnay nahalasamrep

kutnebreb laos nakanuggnem gnusgnal

lamrof .

2 iretam natiak aynadA

nagned nahacep nagnlaib

narajalep atam irad iretam

akitametam raulid

.a iretam nagned aynnatiaK

aisenodnI asahab lepam id

muleb ,lawa narajalebmep adap uruG

kutnu atirec kutnebreb laos nakanuggnem

nad awsis naitahrep kiranem

ratikes id awitsirep nagned nakgnubuhgnem

awsis

.b iretam nagned aynnatiaK

SPI lepam id

-

.c aynnatiaK iretam nagned

API lepam id

-

.d iretam nagned aynnatiaK

KBS lepam id

-


29

3 naripmaL


39


49


59


69


79


89


99


001


101


201

4 naripmaL


301


401


501


601


701


801


901


011


111


211


311


411


511


611


711

5 naripmaL

GNIROKS NAMODEP

3 nad ,2 ,1 naumetreP

.oN airetirK rokS

.1 sumur nakanuggnem ( naiaseleynep arac naksiluneM

raneb nabawaj atres tutnur araces )rabmag nupuam

5

arac naksiluneM sumur nakanuggnem ( naiaseleynep

raneb nabawaj atres tutnur araces )ajas rabmag uata

4

sumur nakanuggnem( naiaseleynep arac naksiluneM

halas nabawaj numan tutnur araces )rabmag nupuam

3

tutnur araces naiaseleynep arac naksilunem kadiT

nabawaj numan raneb

2

nad tutnur araces naiaseleynep arac naksilunem kadiT

halas nabawaj

1

.2 sumur nakanuggnem ( naiaseleynep arac naksiluneM

raneb nabawaj atres tutnur araces )rabmag nupuam

5

sumur nakanuggnem ( naiaseleynep arac naksiluneM

)ajas rabmag uata raneb nabawaj atres tutnur araces

4

sumur nakanuggnem( naiaseleynep arac naksiluneM

halas nabawaj numan tutnur araces )rabmag nupuam

3

tutnur araces naiaseleynep arac naksilunem kadiT

raneb nabawaj numan

2

araces naiaseleynep arac naksilunem kadiT nad tutnur

halas nabawaj

1

01 x rokS latoT = awsiS ialiN


811

4 naumetreP

.oN

laoS

rokS

lamiskaM airetirK rokS

1 5 - hakgnal nakanuggneM - hakgnal

,aynatid ,iuhatekid( akitametam

nakanuggnem nagned )bawaj

araces naiaseleynep rudesorp

lisah nad tutnur raneb nabawaj

5

- hakgnal nakanuggnem apnaT

gnusgnal numan akitametam

naiaseleynep arac naksilunem

raneb nabawaj nad tutnur araces

4

- hakgnal nakanuggneM - hakgnal



araces naiaseleynep rudesorp

halas nabawaj numan tutnur

3




nabawaj numan tutnur araces

halas

2


apnat numan akitametam

rudesorp naksilunem

nad tutnur araces naiaseleynep

raneb nabawaj

1


arac naksilunem nad akitametam

gnaruk araces naiaseleynep

halas nabawaj nad tutnur

12


911

2

.a 3 - hakgnal nakanuggneM - hakgnal



araces naiaseleynep arac tutnur

raneb nabawaj lisah nad

3





2




arac tutnur araces naiaseleynep

halas nabawaj numan

1


naksilunem apnat ,akitametam

nabawaj nad naiaseleynep arac

halas rihka

12

.b 3 )a2 on naroksnep nagned amas( nagned amas(

on naroksnep

)a2

.c 3 )a2 on naroksnep nagned amas( nagned amas(

on naroksnep

)a2

3 2 naiaseleynep arac naksiluneM


2

naiaseleynep arac naksiluneM

halas nabawaj numan tutnur araces

uatA

arac naksilunem kadiT

numan tutnur araces naiaseleynep

1


021

5 x rokS latoT = awsiS ialiN

raneb nabawaj

kadiT arac naksilunem

nad tutnur araces naiaseleynep

halas nabawaj

12

4 2 )3 on naroksnep nagned amas( nagned amas(

)3 on naroksnep

5 2 )3 on naroksnep nagned amas( nagned amas(

)3 on naroksnep


121

naripmaL 6

ICNUK NAD SKL SKL LAOS NABAWAJ


221


321


421


521


621


721


821


921


031


131


231


331


431


531

SKL LAOS NABAWAJ ICNUK

:nagnareteK

.iridnes aynarac nakanuggnem nakajregnem kutnu nasabebek nakirebid awsiS

.1 1 naumetreP

.a 24

.b 33

.2 2 naumetreP

.a 34

.b 1121

.3 3 naumetreP

.a 34

.b 3121

.4 4 naumetreP

(M rihka isaulave laos nakajregne )


631

7 naripmaL

ISIK - ISAULAVE LAOS ISIK

siK i- naumetreP isaulavE laoS isiK 1

oN rotakidnI romoN

laoS

halmuJ

laoS nagnareteK

1

fitingoK

.a nahalmujnep alop nakumeneM

.amas tubeynep nagned nahacep

2 ,1 2 faraT :narakusek

1 laos on = gnadeS .1

2 laos on = tiluS .2

.b malad ek atirec laos habugneM

.akitametam tamilak

2 ,1 2

.c .nahacep aud nakhalmujneM

2 ,1 2

2

fitkefA


tagnames nagned nahacep

.amasajrek

- - naialinep airetirK

kirbur adap tapadret

fitkefA naialinep

malad ek atirec laos habugneM .b

nagned akitametam tamilak

.namet tapadnep iagrahgnem

- -

3

kirotomokisP

.a arac nakisartnomedneM

nagned nahacep nakhalmujnem

.aidem



naialinep

kirotomokisP

1 naumetrep isulave laos halmuJ 2


731

siK i- naumetreP isaulavE laoS isiK 2

oN rotakidnI romoN

laoS

halmuJ

laoS nagnareteK

1

fitingoK


tubeynep nagned nahacep

.adebreb

2 ,1 2 :narakusek faraT

gnadeS .1 1 laos on =



.akitametam tamilak

2 ,1 2


2 ,1 2

2

fitkefA

.a malad ek atirec laos habugneM





fitkefA naialinep

3

kirotomokisP



.aidem



naialinep

kirotomokisP



831

isiK - isaulavE laoS isiK naumetreP 3

oN rotakidnI romoN

laoS

halmuJ

laoS nagnareteK

1

fitingoK



.adebreb

2 ,1 2 :narakusek faraT

laos on = gnadeS .1

1



.akitametam tamilak

2 ,1 2


2 ,1 2

2

fitkefA



.amasajrek



fitkefA naialinep

.b atirec laos habugneM malad ek



- -

3

kirotomokisP



.aidem



naialinep

kirotomokisP

naumetrep isulave laos halmuJ 3 2


931

isiK - naumetreP isaulavE laoS isiK 4

oN rotakidnI romoN

laoS

halmuJ

laoS nagnareteK

1

fitingoK



.amas

a2 ,1 2 :narakusek faraT

.1 3 ,a2 laos on = haduM

.2 ,4 ,1 laos on = gnadeS

5

.3 c2 ,b2 laos on = tiluS

c rotakidni kutnu laoS

hadus anerak gnutihid kadit

nad a rotakidni id gnutihret

b

.b nahalmujnep alop nakumeneM


.adebreb

,c2 ,b2 2

.c malad ek atirec laos habugneM

.akitametam tamilak

2 ,1 2

.d .nahacep aud nakhalmujneM

5 ,4 ,3 3

2

fitkefA



.amasajrek

- - tapadret naialinep airetirK

naialinep kirbur adap

fitkefA




- -

.c gnuggnat pakis nakkujnuneM

ajrekeb akitek bawaj

udividni sagut nakajregnem

3

kirotomokisP


nahacep nakhalmujnem

- - tapadret naialinep airetirK

naialinep kirbur adap

kirotomokisP


041

oN rotakidnI romoN

laoS

halmuJ

laoS

nagnareteK

.aidem nagned

.b isaulave laos nabawaj siluneM

ipar gnay nasilut nagned



141

8 naripmaL

ISAULAVE LAOS NABAWAJ ICNUK NAD

ISAULAVE LAOS

1 naumetreP

!iridnes arac nakanuggnem nagned ini hawab id naaynatrep halbawaJ

.1 kaynabes trat euk ikilimem atiR 26 .aynubI irad helorep aid gnay naigab

igal tapadnem atiR naidumek taas aparebeB 16 irad igal trat euk naigab

?atiR helo ikilimid gnay gnarakes trat euk kaynab apareB .aynkakak

.2 kutnu nakanugid naka gnay akumarp takgnot tacegnem nigni sugA

tubesret takgnot tacegnem naka aid ini iraH .koseb uggnim irah imasreP

matih anraw nagned 14 raga ulud rumejid naka tubesret takgnoT .naigab

egnem aid aynirah nakoseeK .gnirek matih anraw naigab takgnot igal tac

talkoc anraw nagned tubesret 34 gnay takgnot naigab apareb iniK .naigab

?sugA helo tacid halet

2 naumetreP


.1 lebmem naiD .aniN ub okot id amas gnay atip ilebmem atiL nad naiD atip i

gnajnapes 12

ilebmem atiL nakgnadeS .retem 16

akerem atip akiJ .retem

?gnarakes atiL nad naiD kilim atip retem apareb ,nakgnubagid

.2 nakhutubmem aI .itor taubmem naka aniR ubI 34 ulalret aneraK .gnupet gk

nakhabmanem aniR ub ,kebmel nad ria kaynab 13 gk apareB .igal gnupet gk

?itor taubmem kutnu nakanugid gnay gnupet kaynab


241

3 naumetreP


.1 tacegnem haya nineS irah adaP .hamur tacegnem nigni hayA 25

naigab

gnem haya ,aynirah nakoseeK .hamur igal tace 13

apareB .hamur naigab

?haya helo tacid hadus gnay hamur naigab

.2 ilebmem kakaK 34 ek nakkusamid tubesret natubmaR .natubmar haub gk

abiT .haub gnajnarek - gnakaleb id natubmar haub kitemem kekak ,abit

ayntareb gnabmitid haletes nad hamur 17 eK .gk nakkatelem kekak naidum

?gnarakes kakak gnajnarek id natubmar gk apareB .kakak gnajnarek id

RIHKA ISAULAVE LAOS

4 naumetreP


.1 gnotop ai tubesret trat euK .trat euk katokes ilebmem kakaK 01 idajnem

igal gnotopeS .aniL kida adapek nakireb ai trat euk gnotopeS .naigab

,kaynab hisam aynnaigab trat euk tahilem kakak aneraK .ateD kida kutnu

kida kutnu asisret gnay trat euk irad igal gnotopes nakirebmem kakak

elorepid gnay haknaigab apareB .aniL ?aniL kida h

.2 ek ajnalebreb irtiF uB ulaL .tserofkcalB euk taubmem kadneh irtiF uB

ilebmem irtiF uB .nanakam nahab ilebmem kutnu rasap 14 ,risap alug gk 1

2

nad ,ugiret gnupet gk 34 tagniret itriF uB ,hamur id aynabiteS .rulet gk

.nakulrepid gnay nanoda irad gnaruk hisam tubesret nahab awhab

ubI .tubesret nahab ilebmem nad rasap ek igal ilabmek irtiF uB aynrihkA

ilebmem 34

,risap alug gk 14

nad ,ugiret gnupet gk 12 .rulet gk


341

.a apareB euk taubmem kutnu irtiF uB nakulrep id gnay risap alug gk

?tserofkcalB

.b euk taubmem kutnu irtiF uB nakulrep id gnay ugiret gnupet gk apareB

?tserofkcalB

.c euk taubmem kutnu irtiF uB nakulrep id gnay rulet gk apareB

?tserofkcalB

.3 28 + 4

8 =

.4 35 + 2

3 =

.5 17 + 3

5 =


441

ISAULAVE LAOS NABAWAJ ICNUK

1 naumetreP

.1 iuhatekiD kaynabes ubi irad trat euk ikilimem atiR : 26 .naigab

kaynabes kakak irad trat euk igal tapadnem atiR 16 .naigab

aynatiD ?gnarakes atiR helo ikilimid gnay trat euk kaynab hakapareB :

: bawaJ 26 + 1

6 = 2+1

6 = 3

6 = 1

3

halada atiR ikilimid gnay trat euk ,idaJ 36 .trat itor naigab

.2 iuhatekiD = I irah adap sugA helo tacid gnay takgnoT : 14 .naigab

= II irah adap sugA helo tacid gnay takgnoT 34 .naigab

aynatiD irah haletes sugA helo tacid halet gnay naiagab hakapareB :

?audek

bawaJ : 14

+ 34 = 1+3

4 = 4

4 naigab 1 =

idaJ , halada sugA helo tacid hadus gnay takgnot 44

.takgnot naigab 1 uata

2 naumetreP

.1 iuhatekiD naiD kilim atip : 12 retem

m atip atiL kili 16 retem

aynatiD ?atiL nad naiD atip retem apareb :

bawaJ : 12 + 1

6 = 3+1

6 = 4

6 = 2

3

halada nakgnubagid haletes atiL nad naiD kilim atip gnajnap ,idaJ 43 retem .

.2 iuhatekiD : T amatrep gnupe 34 gk

audek gnupeT 13 gk

aynatiD kaynab gk apareb : ?nakanugid gnay gnupet

bawaJ : 34 + 1

3 = 9+4

21 = 31

21


541

halada itor taubmem kutnu nakanugid gnay gnupet kaynab ,idaJ 3121 gk .

3 naumetreP

.1 iuhatekiD : B = nines irah tacid gnay naiga 15 hamur naigab

= asales irah tacid gnay naigaB 16

hamur naigab

aynatiD ?tacid hadus gnay hamur naigab apareb :

bawaJ : 25 + 1

3 = 6+5

51 = 11

51

halada tacid hadus gnay hamur naigab ,idaJ 1151 .naigab

.2 iuhatekiD : R kakak natubma 34 gk

kekak natubmaR 17 gk

aynatiD ?kekak nad nakak ikilimid gnay natubmar gk apareb :

bawaJ : 34 + 1

7 = 12 +4

82 = 52

82

gnajnarek malad id kekak nad kakak ikilimid gnay natubmar kaynab ,idaJ

halada 5282 gk .

4 naumetreP

.1 iuhatekiD 01 igabid itor katok 1 :

B = gnotopes halada aniL helorepid gnay itor naiga 101

B = gnotopes halada ateD helorepid gnay itor naiga 101

= gnotopes igl tapadnem aniL 101

aynatiD : B ?aniL helorepid gnay itor naigab apare

bawaJ : 101 + 1

01 = 2

01 = 15

halada aniL helorepid gnay itor naigab ,idaJ 15 naigab .

.2 iuhatekiD : G lebid gnay risap alu halada amatrep i 14 gk

T halada amatrep ilebid gnay ugiret gnupe 12 gk


641

T halada amatrep ilebid gnay maya rule 34 gk

G halada audek ilebid gnay risap alu 34 gk

T halada audek ilebid gnay ugiret gnupe 14 gk

T halada audek ilebid gnay maya rule 12 gk

aynatiD .a : B ?nakulrepid gnay risap alug gk apare

.b B ?nakulrepid gnay ugiret gnupet gk apare

.c B ?nakulrepid gnay maya rulet gk apare

bawaJ :

.a 14 + 3

4 = 4

41 =

gk 1 halada itor taubmem kutnu nakulrepd gnay risap alug kaynab idaJ .

.b 12 + 1

4 = 2+1

4 = 34

halada itor taubmem kutnu nakanugid gnay ugiret gnupet kaynab idaJ 34

gk .

.c 34 + 1

2 = 3+2

4 = 54

halada itor taubmem kutnu nakulrepid gnay maya rulet kaynab idaJ 54 gk .

.3 28 + 4

8 = 2+4

8 = 6

8 = 3

4

.4 35 + 2

3 = 9+ 01

51 = 91

51

.5 17 + 3

5 = 5+ 12

53 = 62

53


741

naripmaL 9

RAJA NAHAB


841


941


051


151


251


351


451


551


651


751


851


951


061


161


261


361


461

naripmaL 01

RAJA IRETAM

NAHACEP NAHALMUJNEP

I isnetepmoK radnatS

.6 halasam nahacemep malad nahacep nakanuggneM

II rasaD isnetepmoK

nahacep nakhalmujneM 3.6

III rotakidnI

.1 fitingoK

.a .amas tubeynep nagned nahacep nahalmujnep alop nakumeneM

.b .akitametam tamilak malad ek atirec laos habugneM


.d .adebreb gnay tubeynep nagned nahacep nahalmujnep alop nakumeneM

.2 fitkefA

.a nahalmujnep alop nakumeneM .amasajrek tagnames nagned nahacep

.b iagrahgnem nagned akitametam tamilak malad ek atirec laos habugneM

.namet tapadnep

.3 kirotomokisP

.a nomedneM s nahacep nakhalmujnem arac nakisart napap aidem nagned

nahacep

.b nahacep nakhalmujnem arac nakisartnomedneM idem nagned a.

AMAS TUBEYNEPREB NAHACEP NAHALMUJNEP IRETAM

1 naumetreP

gnutih isarepo naruta ukalreb aguj nahacep nagnalib malaD

.adebreb tikides kaga aynrudesorp ipatet nakA .nahalmujnep


561

hotnoc nakitahrep atiK ?nahacep nahalmujnep naruta hakanamiagaB

.tukireb laos

.a euk gnotomem ubI ulob naidumeK .raseb amas naigab tapme idajnem

gnisaM .ydniC nad ,iduB ,inA adapek nakigabid idat euk nagnotop - gnisam

euk gnotop utas tapadnem ulaL .euk gnotop 1 asisret hisam aggnihes ,

sa gnotoput ab apareB .inA adapek nakireb ubi uti euk ikilimid gnay euk naig

?gnarakes inA

habuggnem arac nagned nakajreK hakgnal idajnem laos akitametam

uluhad hibelret inkay , bawaj ,aynatid ,iuhatekid

naigab ,raseb amas gnay ulob euk tapme iaynupmem ubI : iuhatekiD -

inA adapek nakirebid tubesret euk naigab .ydniC nad , iduB ,

gnisaM - euk gnotop 1 asisreT .naigab utas tapadnem gnisam

adapek nakirebid naidumek gnay

aynatiD ?inA helo ikilimid gnay euk haknaigab apareB :

bawaJ : 14 + 1

4 = 1+1

4 = 24

ada aynhurles inA helo ikilimid gnay euk ,idaJ 24 .htutu gnay euk irad naigab

.b ayapuS .tubesret uhat gneroggnem naka ubI .uhat gnotopes iaynupmem ubI

idajnem tubesret uhat gnotomem ubi akam ,raseb ulalret kadit aynaynuhat

ek nakkusamid uhat gnotop aud iubmubid haleteS .raseb amas naigab agit

malad igal nakkusamem ubi akam tapmet ada hisam aneraK .najaw

?najaw id ada gnay uhat naigab apareB .uhat gnotopes

gnotopid tubesret uhat naidumek ,uhat gnotopes iaynupmem ubI : iuhatekiD

tubesret uhat naigab aud akam iubmubid haleteS .niagab agit idajnem

umek ,uhat naigab utas asisret hisaM.najaw maladek nakkusamid naid

.nakkusamid aguj uti naigab naidumek

aynatiD ??gnarakes najawid ada gnay uhat naigab hakapareB :

bawaJ : 23 + 1

3 = 2+1

3 = 3

3

halmujreb gnarakes najaw id ada gnay uhat ,idaJ 33 .naigab


661

latniM ,nabawaj lisah nakisatneserpmem kutnu awsis aparebeb ha

irebmem kutnu nial awsis adapek natapmesek halireb naidumek

.namet nabawaj padahret napaggnat

alop naksilunem kutnu naped ek ujam awsis gnaroes halatniM

alireb nad amas tubeynepreb nahacep nahalmujnep padahret nasagenep h

.amas tubeynepreb nahalmujnep alop ianegnem tubesret awsis tapadnep

: nalupmiseK

“ nahacep nahalmujnep malad awhab tahilret tubesret laos aud iraD

halada amas tubeynepreb tubeynepreb gnay nahacep nahalmujnep

nagned nakukalid amas nakgnadeS .ayngnalibmep nakhalmujnem

nakhalmujid kadit ayntubeynep .( gnalibmeP tapadret gnay akgna halada

nakgnades sirag sata naigab adap tubeynep tapadret gnay akgna halada

”.sirag hawab naigab adap

ADEB TUBEYNEPREB NAHACEP NAHALMUJNEP IRETAM

2 naumetreP

laos nakajregnem kutnu salek naped ek ujam awsis utas halas halatniM

tubesret b ulal , !ini hawab id atirec halnakaca

” gnisam irtuP nad afaD - nad raseb amas gnay azzip gnayol 1 ilebmem gnisam

gnay naigab 4 idajnem aynazzip igabmem afaD .aynasar ,raseb amas

afaD .raseb amas gnay naigab 2 idajnem aynazzip igabmem irtuP nakgnades

taas aparebeb nad muJ ub adapek aynazzip irad naigab 1 nakirebmem

.muJ ub adapek aynazzip irad naigab 1 nakirebmem aguj irtuP naidumek

id gnay azzip naigab halmuj hakapareB .”?muJ ub helo amiret


761

tubesret atirec nakisartsnomednem kutnu awsis gnaroes halas halkujnuT

.urug helo nakaidesid gnay azzip nakanuggnem nagned

tikides tapadret ,adeb tubeynepreb nahacep nahalmujnep malaD

hacep nahalmujnep nagned naruta nad arac naadebrep .amas tubeynepreb na

tubeynepreb nahalmujnep gnutihgnem arac hakanamiagab iuhategnem kutnU

laos nakitahrep atik iram akam ,adeb - nagned nakajreK !ini hawabid laos

!nahacep napap aidem nakanuggnem

.a iaynupmem itnaS 23 igal aynirebmem ubi naidumeK .euk pmerepes ta euk

gnarakes itnaS ikilimid gnay euk naigab hakapareB .aynsinej amas gnay ?

:aidem naanuggnep kujnuteP

.1 nahacep gnotop agit adap tapadret gnay nahacep napap gnotop 2 libmA

ialin nakkujnunem kutnu raseb amas gnay 23

.euk naigab

.2 nahacep gnotop tapme adap tapadret gnay nahacep napap gnotop 1 libmA

ialin nakkujnunem kutnu raseb amas gnay 14 .euk naigab

.3 asisret gnay nahacep napap halnakgnosoK 13 halnakkusam ,tubesret naigab 2

gnisam gnay nahacep gnotop - ialinreb gnisam 13 .idat G nuba nakg nagned 1

ialinreb gnay nahacep gnotop 14.

.4 ialines gnay nahacep iracnem kutnu gnajnap siraggnep haubes hallibmA

nubag nagned ( idat nahacep gnotop audek nag gnotop 2 aratna nagnubag

nahacep 13 nahacep gnotop 1 nagned 1

4.)

.5 ep nagnubag aratna sirag kiraT nahacep gnotop 2 nahac 13 gnotop 1 nad

nahacep 14

sirag kutnebmem aggnihes aynhawab id nahacep nagned idat

.rajajes

.6 nahacep gnotop 2 aratna nahalmujnep lisah halutI 13 nahacep gnotop 1 nad 1

4

nahacep halada aynlisah nad 1121


861

kutnu awsis aparebeb halatniM naajrekep lisah nakisatneserpmem ,

irebmem kutnu nial awsis adapek natapmesek halireb naidumek

.namet nabawaj padahret napaggnat

3 naumetreP

,”tapet tapec siuk“ nakirebmem urug ,narajalebmep ialumem mulebeS

laos utiay ilabmek nakatagnignem kutnU .adeb tubeynepreb nahalmujnep

,adeb tubeynepreb nahacep nahalmujnep isarepo ianegnem awsis namahamep

awsiS .adeb tubeynepreb nahalmujnep laos haub aud nakirebmem urug akam

napap aidem nakanuggnem tubesret laos nakajregnem tapad .nahacep

iuhatekiD .a iaynupmem itnaS : 23

euk igal aynirebmem ubi naidumek ,euk

amas gnay 14 .naigab

aynatiD ?itnaS helo ikilimid gnay euk naigab hakapareB :

bawaJ : 23 + 1

4 = 8+3

21 = 11

21

.b 13 + 3

4 .............. =

nakanuggnem uruG .aynKPK iracnem nagned laos naiaseleynep

nahalmujnep lisah ,idaJ 13 nad 3

4 halada 4

21 + 9

21 = 31

21

4 naumetreP

amas tubeynepreb nahalmujnep iretam ianegnem narajalebmep rihka adaP

nalupmisek taubmem atnimid awsiS .adeb tubeynepreb nahalmujnep nad

gnem .tubesret nahacep nahalmujnep alop iane

amas gnay nahacep nahalmujneP :amas tubeynepreb nahalmujneP

gnalibmep nakhalmujnem nagned nakajrekid,tubeynep - ,ajas ayngnalibmep

.nakhalmujid kadit ayntubeynep ipatet

adeb tubeynepreb nahalmujneP ahacep nahalmujneP : adebreb gnay n

iracnem nagned ayntubeynep uluhad hibelret nakamasid ,ayntubeynep

tubesret tubeynep audek irad licekret nautukesrep natapilek . nakhalmuJ

amas tubeynepreb nahacep nahalmujnep adap itrepes urab nahacep .


961

11 naripmaL

SESORP NAIALINEP KIRBUR

1 naumetreP

kirotomokisP naialineP kirbuR

nakisartnomednem malad awsis naupmamek rukugnem kutnu nakanugid kirbuR

ulob ,uhat( aidem nagned nahacep nakhalmujnem arac kopmolek malad nataigek

.)rawat itor nad

awsiS

1( rokS - )5

rokS halmuJ hakgnal natapeteK

ep naiaseleyn ajrek naipareK

= awsiS ialiN 𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒎𝒖𝒋 𝒓𝒐𝒌𝒔 𝒂𝒘𝒔𝒊𝒔𝒉𝒂𝒍𝒎𝒖𝒋 𝒍𝒂𝒎𝒊𝒔𝒌𝒂𝒎

𝒙 𝟎𝟎𝟏


071

nareteK : nag rokS 18 - kiab tamA =001 12 - 04 gnaruK = kiab

16 - kiaB =08 0- kiab gnaruk tagnas = 02

14 - kiab pukuC =06

14 - =06 pukuC

fitkefA naialineP kirbuR

kopmolek isuksid nataigek malad nakanugid kirbuR

awsiS amaN

1( rokS - )5

rokS halmuJ

nakitahrepmeM

gnay namet

gnades

nakakiumegnem

tapadnep

ipaggnaneM

nabawaj

namet


𝒙 𝟎𝟎𝟏


171

2 naumetreP


nakisartnomednem malad awsis naupmamek rukugnem kutnu nakanugid kirbuR

nahacep nakhalmujnem arac kopmolek malad nataigek napap( aidem nagned

.)nahacep npap nad ,azzip rabmag ,azzip

awsiS

1( rokS - )5

rokS halmuJ natapeteK

hakgnal

naiaseleynep

naipareK

ajrek

kirbuR fitkefA naialineP


awsiS amaN

1( rokS - )5

halmuJ

rokS

nakitahrepmeM

gnades gnay namet

nakakiumegnem

tapadnep

ipaggnaneM

namet nabawaj


𝒙 𝟎𝟎𝟏


71 2



14 - kiab pukuC =06

14 - =06 pukuC

3 naumetreP


kutnu nakanugid kirbuR nakisartnomednem malad awsis naupmamek rukugnem

napap( aidem nagned nahacep nakhalmujnem arac kopmolek malad nataigek

.)nahacep

awsiS amaN

1( rokS - )5

rokS halmuJ

natapeteK

aidem naanuggnep

naiaseleynep iagabes

halasam

naipareK

ajreK


𝒙 𝟎𝟎𝟏


𝒙 𝟎𝟎𝟏


371



14 - =06 kiab pukuC

14 - =06 pukuC



amaN awsiS

1( rokS - )5

halmuJ

rokS malad isapisitraP

kopmolek isuksid

nakitahrepmeM

namet gnades gnay

nakakumegnem

tapadnep

4 naumetreP

rotomokisP naialineP kirbuR

nabawaj silunem malad awsis naupmamek rukugnem kutnu nakanugid kirbuR

ipar gnay nasilut nagned isaulave laos

amaN awsiS 1( rokS - )5 halmuJ

rokS nasilut naipareK nasilut nasalejeK


𝒙 𝟎𝟎𝟏


471


laos nakajregnem malad awsis naupmamek rukugnem kutnu nakanugid kirbuR

.udividni araces isaulave

amaN awsiS

1( rokS - )5

rokS halmuJ natapeteK

utkaw narujujeK

: nagnnareteK kiab tamA = 5 rokS gnaruK = 2

kiaB = 4 ilakes gnaruK = 1

pukuC = 3


𝒙 𝟎𝟎𝟏


𝒙 𝟎𝟎𝟏


571

naripmaL 12

TAKGNAREP ISADILAV LISAH


671


771


871


971


081

1 naripmaL 3

NARAJALEBMEP TAKGNAREP ISADILAV ATAD HALO LISAH

subaliS .A

oN kepsA naialineP naialineP 1 2 3 4

1 rusnu napakgneleK - rusnu

subalis 4

2 ,DK ,KS aratna naiauseseK

rotakidni nad 1 3

3 nasumurep satilauK

rajaleb namalagnep 2 2

4 ukalirep nahilip natapeteK

rotakidni malad laisnese 3 1

5

gnay ukalirep satilauK rotakidni malad tutnutid nahutuek naknimrecnem

awsis idabirp nagnabmekrep 1 2 1

6 rebmus napukucek takgniT

rajaleb nakanugid gnay 2 2

7 hilimem malad natapeteK

aidem 1 3

8

naialinep kinket naiauseseK nagned nakanugid gnay

rotakidni 4

9 asahab naanuggneP

ukab silut atat nad aisenodnI 4 halmuJ 0 1 51 02

naialinep alaks x halmuJ 0 2 54 08 latot halmuJ 1 72

atareR ,3 35

.kiab tagnas irogetak nakkujnunem 25,3 halada atarer lisaH


181

PPR .b


1 rusnu napakgneleK - PPR rusnu 0 0 0 4

2 narajalebmep naujut nasumur naiauseseK

rotakidni nagned 0 0 1 3

3 tarays nahunemeP - nasumurep malad tarays

narajalebmep naujut 0 0 2 2

4 nahutuek itupilem naujut nasumur isI

awsis idabirp nagnabmekrep 0 1 2 1

5 ledom/natakednep hilimem malad natapeteK

narajalebmep 0 0 1 3

6 kinket/edotem hilimem malad natapeteK

narajalebmep 0 0 2 2

7 kinket natapetek nad ,isairav ,nakiranemeK

narajalep akubmem malad nakanugid gnay 0 0 1 3

8

narajalebmep nataigek nasumuR naknimrecnem

kinket/edotem/ledom/natakednephilipid gnay narajalebmep 0 0 2 2

9

nataigek nasumuR aynnarajalebmep ,isarolpskE nataigek naknimrecnem

)KEE( isarobaloK ,isarobalE 0 0 1 3

01 isnetopreb narajalebmep nataigek nasumuR

awsis nakayadrebmem kutnu 0 0 1 3

11

isnetopreb narajalebmep nataigek nasumuR gnay narajalebmep aynatpicret kutnu

ankamreb/nakgnaneynem 0 0 1 3 21 narajalebmep nataigek malad isairav takgniT 0 0 2 2

31 ,sigol ,sitametsis iretam naisasinagrogneP

sigolokisp nad 0 0 2 2

41 nataigek pait utkaw isakola narutagneP

lanoisroporp narajalebmep 0 0 2 2

51

napakgneleK rihka nataigek nasumur ,iskelfer ,isaulave ,namukgnar( narajalep

)tujnal kadnit 0 1 0 3

61 nad ,naujut ,rotakidni naiausesek takgniT

naialinep meti 0 0 2 2

71 naialinep kinket magar naanuggneP

)kitneto tafisreb naialinep( 0 0 3 1 81 isik satiliauK - isik naialinep 0 0 3 1

91 gnay rajaleb rebmus napukucek takgniT

nakanugid 0 0 2 2 02 narajalebmep aidem nahilimep natapeteK 0 0 1 3


281


12 silut atat nad aisenodnI asahab naanuggneP

ukab 0 0 0 4 halmuJ 0 2 13 15

naialinep alaks x halmuJ 0 4 39 402 halmuJ latot 103 atareR 85,3

lisaH .kiab tagnas irogetak nagned 85,3 halada PPR atarer

SKL .c

oN A keps P naialine P naialine 1 2 3 4

1 rusnu napakgneleK - SKL rusnu 0 0 1 3

2 anahredes SKL kujnutep nasumuR

awsis imahapid hadum aggnihes 0 1 1 2

3

nasumuR malad narajalebmep nataigek hadum aggnihes anahredes ,takgnis SKL

awsis helo imahapid 0 0 1 3

4 SKL adap narajalebmep nataigek naturU

tutnur 0 0 1 3

5

SKL malad narajalebmep nataigeK ayniapacret naknikgnumemnarajalebmep naujut/rotakidni 0 0 3 1

6 iauses SKL adap nakanugid gnay asahaB

awsis nagnabmekrep takgnit nagned 0 0 2 2

7 kutnu naaynatrep aparebeb aidesreT

iskelfer 0 0 1 3 8 kiranem nad hadni SKL nalipmaT 0 0 1 3

halmuJ 0 1 11 02 naialinep alaks x halmuJ 0 2 33 08

latot halmuJ 511 atareR 95,3

.kiab tagnas irogetak nagned 95,3 halada SKL atareR


381

rajA nahaB .d


1 naujut nad rotakidni nagned iauses iretaM

iapacid naka gnay narajalebmep 0 0 2 2

2 ,pesnok ,atkaf taumem narajalep iretaM

nad ,pisnirp rudesorp 0 0 2 2

3

,sigol ,sitametsis narajalep iretam nanusuS nagnabmekrep takgnit nagned iauses nad

awsis 0 0 3 1

4 nad ukab aisenodnI asahab lanoiskadeR

anahredes 0 0 0 4

5 pitukid gnay nahab rebmus naksiluneM

ukab nasilunep nagned 0 1 2 1 halmuJ 0 1 9 01

naialinep alaks x halmuJ 0 2 72 04 latot halmuJ 96

atareR 54,3

.kiab tagnas irogetak nagned 54,3 halada raja nahab atareR

isaulavE laoS .e


1 isaulavelaoS gnay rotakidni nagned iausesiapacid naka 0 0 2 2

2 isaulavelaoS nagned iauses naujut gnayiapacid naka 0 0 3 1

3 isaulavelaoS iauses

a fitingoknaialinepkeps 0 0 2 2

4 naanuggneP B asaha I gnay aisenodn

ranebnadkiab 0 0 0 4 halmuJ 0 0 7 9

naialinep alaks x halmuJ 0 0 12 63 latot halmuJ 75

atareR 65,3

.kiab tagnas irogetak nagned 65,3 halada isaulave laos atareR


481

lisaH V isadila P takgnare A ilh

oN takgnareP rokS

1 subaliS 35,3

2 PPR 85.3

3 SKL 95,3

4 rajA nahaB 54,3

5 isaulave laoS 65,3

rokS latoT 1 17,7

atareR roks 5,3 4

takgnarep isadilav lisah atareR .kiab tagnas irogetak nagned 45,3


581

41 naripmaL

ISIK - NAACABRETEK IJU TEKGNA ISIK

oN rotakidnI laoS oN

1 asahaB namahameP 8 ,1

2 ataK namahameP - atak 4 ,5

3 rabmag isartsulI namahameP 6 ,2

4 laos namahameP 7,3


681

1 naripmaL 5

LISAH NAACABRETEK IJU TEKGNA


781


881

1 naripmaL 6

LISAH D HALO ATA TEKGNA U NAACABRETEK IJ

oN A keps P naialine P naialine

1 2 3 4

1

gnay asahab imahamem ayaS

nakanugid 0 2 41 81

2

nakanugid gnay rabmag isartsulI

tapad raja nahab malad salejrepmem

iretam

0 0 31 12

3

gnay laos imahamem kadit ayaS

urug helo nakirebid 1 0 11 22

4

atak itregnem ayaS - gnay atak

nakanugid 0 1 41 91

5

kadit gnay rabmag nakumenem ayaS

iretam nagned iauses 1 0 41 91

6

atak nakumenem ayaS - kadit gnay atak

napudihek malad iapmuj ayas gnires

irahes

0 2 11 12

7 salej nakirebid gnay laos asarem ayaS 0 1 11 22

8

gnay asahab itregnem kadit ayaS

nakanugid 1 0 31 02

halmuJ 3 6 101 261

J x halmu S naialinep alak 3 21 303 846

latot hamuJ 669

R atare 55,3

kiab tagnas irogetak nagned 55,3 halada naacabretek iju tekgna atareR


981

1 naripmaL 7

ISIK - ISADILAV ISIK TEKGNA AWSIS NOPSER

rotakidnI kepsA oN

meti

awsis napaggnaT

padahret

naanaskalep

narajalebmep

umaK .akitametam narajalep itukignem gnanes 1

umaK .irajalepid gnay iretam padahret mahap 2

umaK ini akitametam narajalebmep asarem

irahes napudihek kutnu taafnamreb - .irah

3

malad nakirebid gnay utkaw isakolA

.pukuc narajalebmep

4

utnabmem nakanugid gnay aideM

.laos nakiaseleynem

5


091

1 naripmaL 8

AWSIS NOPSER TEKGNA LISAH


191


291

91 naripmaL

AWSIS NOPSER TEKGNA ISADILAV ATAD HALO LISAH

oN kepsA naialineP naialineP

1 2 3 4

1 .akitametam narajalep itukignem gnanes ayaS 0 1 21 32

2 iretam padahret mahap ayaS .irajalepid gnay 0 0 02 61

3 taafnamreb ini akitametam narajalebmep asarem ayaS

irahes napudihek kutnu - .irah 0 0 8 82

4

narajalebmep malad nakirebid gnay utkaw isakolA

.pukuc 0 6 61 41

5 .laos nakiaseleynem utnabmem nakanugid gnay aideM 1 2 01 32

halmuJ 1 9 66 401

naialinep alaks x halmuJ 1 81 891 614

latot halmuJ 336

atareR 25,3

5,3 halada awsis nopser tekgna lisah atareR 4 .sugab tagnas irogetak nagned


391

L naripma 02

AWSIS NAAJREKEP LISAH


491


591


691


791

12 naripmaL

AWSIS NAIALINEP LISAH

fitingoK naialineP

oN awsis amaN ialiN

1 HAYSNAIDRA RUN AGLEH NAIVLA 55 2 INASTARTUP IFAYTEDA 09 3 AIVATKO YREHC ALLIB AYSIA 57 4 HALLIDAF LURIOHK DAMHKA 05 5 INUY’A RUN AYSATANA 58 6 ATNAIRBEF AMUSUK IDRA 56 7 ARDNENAD AFFAD AYRA 57 8 MURGNINAPSUP HAYD ANITSIRHC 001 9 YTROPS YTNOMAED 07 01 HAYILUARUN SAMID 55 11 OIRTAS ULAJ GNALE 07 21 IRTIVON IDNIR HTEBAZILE 001 31 ALLIB ANNA IRTUP AYHDRA ARAVLE 001 41 OWOBIW ENIMSAJ IRTUP HAYLAZIAF 09 51 NAMREH INASSAHG AILEHCIM 58 61 DAMMAHUM IFANAH IRKIF 09 71 ITNAYAMAD ASSILAMRUN 09 81 AHARGUN AITESARP YKKO 5.25 91 NAHDAMAR GNALAG YKCIR 55 02 NAHDAMAR GNALIG YKZIR 08 12 NUTNUNAP AYHAC YKZIR 09 22 MURGNINAMUSUK ITNAYAJIW RAKES 001 32 AYAMUTAD IRTUP ARDNAHC ARIKAHS 57 42 AISEREHT ANILLOCATKO 08 52 AGOYARP AYHDRA ARATNAGERV 57 62 NAWAINRUK IWD UYHAW 55 72 IVED RACEC AYAM IRUYHAW 58 82 W SARASAYDIFRUN IWD ADNID 92 AFIRAYS ARHAZ AAFAR 58 03 IWITARP IRTUP ALIBAN 001 13 ARTUPAS IWD YKZIR 57 23 SUADRIF YKAZ .M 56 33 ALIBASLAS HWFAHS 5.77 43 ODOBMARP AHDUY AMIB 58 53 ONOSKAL GNUGA APIDARP 001 63 ASHAM ANYERDUA ARIDNI 08

ataR - awsiS ialiN ataR 68.87


891

kirotomokisP naialineP

oN 1 okisP 2 okisP 3 okisP 4 okisP latoT 1 08 07 06 07 07 2 08 07 07 07 5.27 3 07 06 08 07 07 4 08 06 08 08 57 5 07 08 08 08 5.77 6 07 08 08 07 57 7 08 07 07 09 5.77 8 07 07 07 07 07 9 08 06 07 09 57 01 07 07 07 08 5.27 11 07 07 07 07 07 21 06 07 08 07 07 31 07 07 07 08 5.27 41 08 07 07 06 07 51 08 06 07 06 5.76 61 08 06 07 07 07 71 07 07 08 08 57 81 06 08 08 08 57 91 08 08 07 08 5.77 02 09 07 07 07 57 12 07 07 08 08 57 22 06 07 08 07 07 32 07 07 08 07 5.27 42 07 07 07 08 5.27 52 08 06 08 08 57 62 09 06 07 08 57 72 06 07 08 07 07 82 07 07 07 08 5.27 92 08 07 08 07 57 03 09 08 06 07 57 13 06 08 07 07 07 23 07 07 07 08 5.27 33 07 09 08 08 08 43 08 07 07 07 5.27 53 08 07 07 06 07 63 07 08 07 08 57

ataR - kirotomokisP ialiN ataR 60.37


991

fitkefA naialineP

oN 1 fitkefa 2 fitkefa 3 fitkefa 4 fitkefa fitkefa latoT 1 07 07 08 07 5.27 2 07 08 08 07 57 3 07 08 08 07 57 4 06 07 07 08 07 5 07 07 08 08 57 6 08 07 07 07 5.27 7 08 07 07 07 5.27 8 09 07 08 07 5.77 9 09 08 08 07 08 01 09 08 06 07 57 11 08 07 07 07 5.27 21 08 08 08 08 08 31 08 08 08 08 08 41 08 07 08 08 5.77 51 09 07 07 07 57 61 07 07 07 07 07 71 07 07 07 07 07 81 07 08 07 08 57 91 07 08 08 08 5.77 02 08 07 08 08 5.77 12 08 07 08 07 57 22 08 08 07 07 57 32 07 08 07 07 5.27 42 07 07 07 08 5.27 52 08 07 07 08 57 62 07 08 08 07 57 72 07 08 07 07 5.27 82 07 07 07 07 07 92 07 07 07 07 07 03 07 08 07 07 5.27 13 08 07 08 07 57 23 08 08 08 07 5.77 33 08 07 08 07 57 43 07 06 07 07 5.76 53 07 08 07 07 5.27 63 08 07 08 07 57

ataR - fitkefA ialiN ataR 42.47


002

22 naripmaL

ISATNEMELPMI LISAH ISPIRKSNART

1 NAUMETREP PIRKSNART 41 2102 iraurbeF

: nagnareteK

G uruG : SS awsiS aumeS : awsiS naigabeS : BS

S awsiS : SB awsiS aparebeB : S …,3,2,1

LS niaL awsiS :

.1 [ naumetreP 1 laggnat adap nakanaskalid 41 NDS id 2102 iraurbeF

naitilenep kutnu nakanugid gnay gnauR .AVI salek id utiay ,1 otpicusidA

nahesel kutneb malad rutaid gnay irat gnaur nakanuggnem hisam

ajem nakanuggnem uruG .awsis rajaleb tapmet iagabes teprak nakanuggnem

isruk nad ].

.2 [ dus awsis aumeS pais ha .]gnanet nagned kudud nad narajalep itukignem

.3 .]ajem naped id iridreb uruG[

.4 G “ : ”?apa gnatnet ..… gnatnet ini irah narajalep ialumem naka atiK

.5 SB .”nahaceP“ :

.6 G !ay naigabmep gnatnet hotnoc ada ini ,hotnoc ada ay tahil nailak aboC“ :

ahil nailaK .”ulud t

.7 S ”?ub apa gnatneT“ :

.8 G .”!asib kadit nakitahrepmem kadit gnay itnaN !nakitahreP .ulud tahiL“ :

.9 [ nakpaisrepmem gnades uruG v aumes naped id nakgnayatid kutnu oedi

.]awsis

.01 [ .]maid hadus awsis aparebeB

.11 SB ”..…tttttssssS“ : maid nial awsis atnimem[ .]

.21 G ”?kaggn mlif tahil uaM !nakitahrep oyA“ :

.31 S .”uaM“ :

.41 SB .”ttttttsssssssS“ :

.51 .]oediv nagnayat nakitahrepmem awsis huruleS[


102

.61 :tukireb iagabes oediv malad napakacrep isI[

1 isautiS

1 gnarO kana iaH : - k ini iraH .ubi nagned igal umeteK ?rabak apa ,kana ati

haN .nahacep gnatnet rajaleB .akitametam rajaleb naka aynup ubi ,

P.atirec !ay nakitahre

2 isautiS

2 gnarO !inrE iah ,ioR iaH :

4,3 gnarO !iaH :

2 gnarO !ohl utauses aynup aerdnA :

4,3 gnarO ?apA :

2 gnarO ahA : gnay lepa haubes nakkujnunem libmas( .. sata id nakkatelid

)ajem .

4,3 gnarO …eeeeeY :

2 gnarO igabid naka ini lepa haubeS .lepa haubes iaynupmem aerdnA :

aud idajnem ini lepa igabmem naka aerdnA idaJ .inrE adapek nad ioR kutnu

( .raseb amas gnay naigab gnay naigab 2 idajnem lepa igabmem naidumek

)amas .inrE kutnu ini nad ioR kutnu ini lepa …ahA

4,3 gnarO .aerdnA hisakaM :

3 isautiS

1 gnarO kanA : - ioR kilim inI .idat aerdnA igabid gnay lepa naigab ini kana

d gnay lepa naigab nakapareB .inrE kilim ini nad nakisuksiD ?idat ioR ikilimi

namet nagned - !apmuj iapmaS !ay namet

.71 S .”gnalU“ :

.81 G ”?uti apareb aynlepa idaT .ay hadU“ :

.91 BS ”utaS“ :

.02 S ”auD“ :

.12 G ”?nakapaid aynlepa sureT“ :

.22 SB ”halebiD“ :

.32 G ”?apareb idajnem halebid aynlepA“ :


202

.42 SS .”auD“ :

.52 G jneM“ : ”?kadit uata amas gnay naigab ida

.62 BS ”amaS“ :

.72 G ”hagnetes idajnem aY“ :

.82 S .”itrareb aud rep utaS“ :

.92 G ”..…aparebeb ada ubi gnarakes haN“ :

.03 S ”?laoS“ :

.13 G ”?ini apa aparebeB“ :

.23 BS .”uhaT“ :

.33 G kane gnay aparebeb adA“ : - ada ,ulob ada naidumek,uhat adA ?ini kane

”?ini apa

.43 BS .”itoR“ :

.53 SB .”rawat itoR“ :

.63 G .”..… gnatnet uhat nailak ayapus ,ay igab atik naka inI“ :

.73 S ”?nanakaM“ :

.83 G .”ulud kopmolekreb nailak gnarakes haN .naigabmep gnatneT“ :

.93 [ .]aynkopmolek malad lupmukreb awsiS

.04 G kana aboC“ : - apa …haubes ada inI !ay ulud nakajregnem nagnaj kana

”?ini

.14 SB .”uhaT“ :

.24 G hadus nailak aynidaT .naigab aparebeb idajnem haleb atik naka uhaT“ :

lak hakapa gnarakes ,haN .aud idajnem igabid lepa ada tahil ?salej hadus nai

”!ini uhat halebmem kutnu kana utas halas gnoloT

.34 SB ”uka …ukA“ : .]nagnat takgna libmas[

.44 G .”gnetna gnilap gnaY“ :

.54 .]gnanet nagned kudud nad maid idajnem awsis aumeS[

.64 G .”11S“ :

.74 .]awecek kapmat awsis aparebeB[

.84 .]salek naped ek ujam 11S[

.94 G ”?apareb umak nameT .igab umak nakhaliS .nial gnay nakitahreP“ :

.05 .]tubesret uhat igabmem nad aynnamet halmuj gnutihgnem 11S[

.15 G .”amas gnay aynigabmeM”:


302

.25 awsiS[ - .]uhat igabmem 11S nakitahrepmem nial awsis

.35 G m ,tapme ada 11S aynnamet aneraK .ulud iniS“ : uhat igabmem ai aka

amas gnay naigab tapme idajnem halet gnay uhat nakkujnunem libmas[

]ayngnutihgnem kutnu awsis kajagnem nad awsis aumes adapek gnotopid

”?ini apareb idaj

.45 SS .”4 ,3 ,2 ,1“ :

.55 G .”… rep utas naigabek 11S aynnameT“ :

.65 BS .”tapmE“ :

.75 11S[ ]ayntapmet id kudud ilabmek .

.85 G .”ulob ada ini gnarakes ,haN“ :

.95 SB ”uka ,ub ukA“ : .]nagnat takgna libmas[

.06 G ”ajas gnetna gnilap gnay aynutneT ?narilig tapad gnay ini ay apaiS“ :

.16 awsiS[ - .]gnanet nagned kudud nad maid idajnem awsis

.26 G ”21S“ :

.36 ek ujam 21S[ .]naped

.46 G ”?apareb ada umnamet oyA“ :

.56 .]ulob gnotomem ialum 21S[

.66 .]iamar ialum awsis aparebeB[

.76 G naumek ulob utas iaynupmem 21S .ataynret aud ada 21S aynnameT“ :

”…idajnem igabmem

.86 S .”auD“ :

.96 G ”?apareb tapadnem aynnameT .naigab auD“ :

.07 SB .”hagneteS“ :

.17 G .”ay hagneteS“ :

.27 .]kudud ilabmek 21S[

.37 G ”…ay igal utas ada inI“ :

.47 S .”ub ayaS“ :

.57 G ”?ini apA“ :

.67 SB .”itoR“ :

.77 G ”?akus gnay apais ,rawat itoR“ :

.87 SB ”ub ukA“ : .]nagnat takgna libmas[

.97 G dajnem halebmem nakagarep atik naka gnarakeS“ : ”naigab aparebeb i


402

.08 “ ]nagnat takgna awsis aparebeB[ .”ub uka …ub ukA

.18 G ”33S“ :

.28 .]tubesret rawat i.tor gnotomem nad naped ek ujam 33S[

.38 G idajnem igabid hadus aynitoR ?apareb idajnem gnotopiD ?haduS“ :

”.… ada 33S aynnamet aneraK .napaled

.48 SB .”napaleD“ :

.58 G .”ilabmek kudud asib hadus aY“ :

.68 .]kudud ilabmek 33S[

.78 G napaled adA“ : ]tubesret rawat itor nagnotop gnutihgnem urug[

.”?asib hadus nailak ini itrepes igabmem kutnU .8,7,6,5,4,3,2,1

.88 SS .”asiB“ :

.98 G ”?asib muleb gnay apaiS“ :

.09 akgna gnay awsis ada kadiT[ .]nagnat t

.19 G hadus gnay laos nakajregnem kopmolek paites gnarakes ,hadus ualaK“ :

.”idat nakigabid

.29 .]kopmolek malad nakajregnem awsiS[

.39 gnades tapmereb akereM .ulob sukgnub akubmem gnades 1 kopmoleK[

tes ulob gnotomem ialum nad SKL adap laos nakisuksidnem acabmem hale

tapme idajnem gnotopid uloB .ulob halebmem abocnem akereM .tubesret aos

.]naigab

.49 amasreb nakajregnem gnay awsis nakitahrepmem nad gnililekreb uruG[

.]kopmolek

.59 nad naigab tapme idajnem ulob igabmem awsis utas utiay ,1 kopmoleK[

dapek nakigabid gnisaM .atoggna agitek a - utas tapadnem atoggna gnisam

8S ,uti haleteS .SKL adap laos nakagarepmem itrepes ,ini laH .naigab

narakgnil kutneb idajnem ulob rabmaggnem aI .SKL laos adap nakajregnem

.]niok gnau nakanuggnem kalpijid gnay

.69 G ”?ay haduS“ :

.79 SB .”ub muleB“ :

.89 hibelret nakarikrepmem awsis utas halaS .uhat gnotomem ialum 1 kopmoleK[

uhat gnotomem aynnial namet ,uti haleteS .ayngnotomem arac uluhad

.]tubesret


502

.99 kopmolek lisah nakisatneserpmem kutnu salek naped ek ujam 33S nad 01S[

.]akerem

.001 G haliS“ : namet adapek nakisatneserp nailak nak - ”namet

.101 gnacnibreb gnay ada ,iamar awsis naigabeS[ - hisam gnay ada ,gnacnib

.]nakitahrepmem gnay ada ipatet nakajregnem

.201 G .lisah nakiapmaynem uata nakisatneserpmem naka 7 kopmolek ini ,haN“ :

lob ,nakitahrepmem nakhaliS .”aynipaggnanem he

.301 aggnihes sarek gnaruk gnay araus nagned 1 romon laos nakacabmem 33S[

.]ragnedret hibel iamar gnay awsis araus

.401 G kanA“ : - idaT ?naigab apareb idajnem 7 kopmolek irad nabawaj kana

”?apareb idajnem gnotopid utas aynulob

.501 .”tapmE“ : 01S

.601 G namet ek naktahil aboC“ : - .”naigab apareb idajnem gnutihid namet

.701 .”tapmE“ : 01S

.801 G ”!acabid 2 romoN .2 romon gnarakeS .amas gnay naigab tapme ada ,aY“ :

.901 uhat libmagnem 33S nad 01S naidumeK .2 romon laos acabmem 33S[

nakkujnunem nad akerem kopmolek wsis ek .]nial a

.011 G ”?naigab apareb idajnem gnotopid aynuhaT .aynuhat naktahil inis aY“ :

.111 S .”agiT”:

.211 G ”… malad ek nakkusaM ?nakapaiD“ :

.311 S .”najaW“ :

.411 G ”?7 kopmolek nabawaj anamiagaB“ :

.511 SB .”luteB“ :

.611 .]salek naped ek nakisatneserpmem ujam 11S aynkopmoleK[

.711 G ”!nakragned aboc ,ay aynnabawaj naksalejnem uam 11S inI“ :

.811 ”inA ,iniT ,iduB ,inA adapek nakirebid naigab tapme idajnem itoR“ : 11S

.]tubesret itor nagnotop nakkujnunem[

.911 G ”? aynuhaT“ :

.021 naruk awsis arauS .nalep gnay araus nagned 2 romon laos acabmem 11S[ g

.]iamar pukuc salek anasaus anerak ragnedret

.121 G ada idaj ,aY“ : 33 turunem anamiagaB .gnerogid naka gnay uhat gnotop

”?11S kopmolek nabawaj nailak


602

.221 SB .”nayamuL“ :

.321 naidumeK .1 romon laos nakacabmem aI .SKL id laos sahabmem uruG[

d nabawaj lisah naksilunem ]silut napap i ubi euK ?ubi euk apareb ada idaT“

.”?apareb ada

.421 S .”tapmE“ :

.521 SB .”utaS“ :

.621 G utaS“ : ]silut napap id gnajnap igesrep rabmaggnem urug[ igabid

”?apareb idajnem

.721 SS .”tapmE“ :

.821 G ?apais adapek nakigabid naigab utaS“ : nrabmag ipakgnelem urug[ ay

.]tapme idajnem igabmem nagned

.921 S .”inA“ :

.031 G .aY“ : nakkujnunem gnay naigab utas halas adap narisra irebmem urug[

]inA kilim .”?apareb aynialin naigab utas aboC

.131 SB ”tapmerepeS“ :

.231 G aynialin naigab utas ,idaJ .aY“ : 14 adapek nakigabid naidumeK . apais

”?igal

.331 SB .”iduB“ :

.431 G ”?apareb tapadnem iduB ,idaJ .aY :

.531 BS “ : 14”

.631 ]iduB kilim naigab adap narisra irebmem uruG[ nakigabid naidumeK“

”?apareb iniT adapek

.731 BS “ : 14”

.831 ]risraid hadus naigab 3 aggnihes iniT naigab adap narisra irebmem uruG[

idaJ .aY“ iniT nad iduB ,inA adapek nakigabid gnotop 3 halet gnay rabmag[

]naigab 1 asis hisam aggnihes supahid risraid ”?apareb hisam aynasiS

.931 BS .”utaS“ :

.041 G ”?apais adapek nakirebiD“ :


702

.141 SS .”inA“ :

.241 G ”?ay habmatid itrareb ,inA ek nakirebid ualaK“ :

.341 SB .”ayI“ :

.441 G ”?ini apareb itrareB“ : :utiay ,silut napapid naksilunem[ 14 + 1

4 .]

.541 S “ : 24”

.641 G “ : 24 ”?kadit nakanahredesid asib ini naigab

.741 SB .”asiB“ :

.841 G ”?ini apareb idajneM“ :

.941 SB “ : 12 .”

.051 G .ay igal rabmagid ualak ,idaJ“ : gnajnap igesrep igal rabmaggnem urug[

]tubesret ”?apais aynup hagnetes gnay

.151 SS ”inA“ :

.251 .]isaulave laos igabmem uruG[

.351 ]iamar kaga ipatet udividni araces isaulave laos nakajregnem awsiS[


802

2 NAUMETREP PIRKSNART 2102 iraurbeF 61

.1 2 naumetreP[ NDS id 2102 iraurbeF 61 laggnat adap nakanaskalid


teprak nakanuggnem nahesel kutneb malad rutaid gnay irat gnaur halada

isruk nad ajem nakanuggnem uruG .awsis rajaleb tapmet iagabes ].

.2 .]amatrep taharitsi haletes nakanaskalid narajalebmeP[

.3 aynaH .ialumid narajalebmep mulebes kudud nad pais hadus awsis aumeS[

namet nagned lorbognem kiysa hisam awsis aparebeb ,ajas - id namet

.]aynhalebes

.4 G em naka urug ub …ay ulud nakragned gnarakes aboC“ : .atirec nakacabm

”?atirec nakragnednem gneneS

.5 SS ”.…gneeeeneS“ :

.6 .]gnanet pukuc hadus salek anasauS[

.7 S ”?apa atireC“ :

.8 G .”ulud nakragned aynkokop aY“ :

.9 [ urug ,aynrihkA .nakragnednem muleb nad iamar hisam awsis aparebeB

]alek amron naktagnignem ilabmek ).

.01 G ”!aynicnuk nakkateL .icnukid ayntulum ,gnasapid aynagnileT“ :

.11 [S ]maid nad gnanet ialum awsi .

.21 G ”?ayntulum nakicnukid haduS ?ay haduS“ :

.31 SB “ ..…mmmmmE“ : [ tulum icnugnem hadus awsis adnat kadit nad

]aracibreb .

.41 [ tubesret atirec nakacabmem ialum uruG ] nipA“ ikilimem azzip kaynabes 26

nipA naidumek taas aparebeB .aynubI irad helorep aid gnay naigab

igal naktapadnem 16 naigab azzip apareB .kakak irad aynsinej amas gnay

naigab kaynab azzip gnarakes nipA helo ikilimid gnay ?”

.51 [ awsiS - m awsis nagned nakragnedne .]gnanet pukuc

.61 G gnotomem naka atik ,apareb aynnaigab uhat atik mulebes ,haN“ : azzip .

”?utnabmem naka gnay apaiS

.71 SB ”.…uka ..…ukA“ : [ nas awsis .]iraj kujnut libmas saisutna tag


902

.81 G .”sinam gnilap ,gnetna gnilap gnaY“ :

.91 [ raga ipar kudud nad maid awsis aumeS urug helo kujnutid tapad .]

.02 G .”21S“ :

.12 SB ”.…hhhhhA“ : [ anerak utureggnem nad awecek asarem awsis aparebeb

kujnutid kadit ].

.22 [ aidesret hadus gnay urug ajem iripmahgnem salek naped ek ujam 21S

haubes azzip akrenem ialum 21S .uasip nad - naka ai anamiagab akren

gnotomem ai naidumeK .gnotomem azzip urug nautnab nagned ].

.32 G gnotomem uam idniR nakitahrep ay gnolot tttttttsssssS“ : azzip retniP .ini

nalauJ ?apa tapadnem itrareb retnip ualaK ?ay kaggn azzip .”

.42 [ awatret awsis aumeS ].

.52 [ gnotomem 21S nad uruG azzip idajnem naigab 6 ].

.62 G “ : azziP ”?apareb idajnem gnotopid hadus ayn

.72 S .”manE“ :

.82 G ”niutnab iniS“ : [ nagned amas aynaman gnay 1S kujnunem urug atirec

]urug helo nakacabid gnay .

.92 [ hakapa gnutihgnem utnabmem naped ek ujam 1S .awatret awsis aparebeB

igabid raneb hadus muleb uata mane ].

.03 rabmag ,SKL nakigabmem urug ,uti haleteS[ azzip napap nad azzip gnay

iagabes nakigolanaid azzip .]kopmolekreb araces awsis kutnu

.13 G d aynlaos ay inI“ : u ”kopmolekreb araces nakajrek nailak ,ul

.23 .]kudud hadus awsis aumeS[

.33 G[ gnililekreb uru .]tubesret aidem nad laos igabmem kutnu

.43 hisam awsis aparebeB( ]aidem igabmem urug akitek iamar .

.53 G .…ay haduS“ : [ ?aumes haduS ?muleb gnay apaiS urug ajem ujunem urug

]awsis naped ek ilabmek nad ,ay nakragneD .atirec igal nakacabmem naka ubI

cnuk id ayntulum ”huratid aynicnuk ,maid ,igal i

.63 [ awsiS - awsis ]maid ialum .

.73 [ atirec nakacabmem ialum uruG ]huruleynem urug nagnadnap nad avaD“

gnisam irtuP nad - 41S.…haubes ilebmem gnisam [ awsis liggnamem urug

iamar gnay ] ?raulek uam

.83 41S .”kaggN“ :


012

.93 G : “ uam ualak nakhaliS kaggn olaK .ilabmek helob kaggn itnan ipat ,raulek

nakitahrepid narutarep gnolot hadus ay ,uam ! .”

.04 [ maid idajnem urug helo rugetid gnay 41S ].

.14 [ tubesret atirec igal nakacabmem uruG ] gnisam irtuP nad avaD“ - gnisam

gnayoL utas ilebmem azzip igabmem avaD . azzip naigab tapme idajnem ayn

igabmem irtuP nakgnadeS .raseb amas gnay azzip naigab aud idajnem ayn

naigab utas nakirebmem avaD .raseb amas gnay azzip .muJ ub adapek

naigab utas irebmem aguj irtuP ,naidumek taas aparebeB azzip ub kutnu ayn

naigab apareB .muJ zzip a ”?muJ ub

.24 [ hisam awsiS ]nakragnednem nad nakitahrepmem .

.34 G ekreb araces nakajrekid SKL id nakhaliS“ : nakhalis aY .kopmol

”nakajrekid

.44 S[ gnisam kopmolek malad sahabmem ialum awsi - aynlawa nupualaW .gnisam

aumes muleb .]SKL laos adap sukof awsis

.54 [ wsiS ialum a .]kopmolek malad ajrekeb

.64 [ kopmolek itakednem nad gnililekreb ialum uruG - kopmolek .]

.74 31S ”?aynarac nagned ,uB“ :

.84 G .”aynarac nagned ,ayI“ :

.94 [ kudud gnay awsiS .kopmolek malad ajrekeb patet ipatet iamar ialum awsiS

sis adap irad iamar hibel gnakaleb naigab id naped naigabid kudud gnay aw .]

.05 [ ajrekeb gnades gnay awsis uatnamem suret uruG .]

.15 hakgnal naksilunem gnades ,kopmolek malad awsis utas halaS[ - hakgnal

.]sitametam

.25 rabmag nakanuggnem laos nakajregnem gnades 8S[ nugnab apureb gnay

narakgnil kutnebreb ratad aI . nakA .lamrofni arac nagned nakajregnem

hakgnal naksilunem aguj ai ,ipatet - m hakgnal sumur nad sitameta

]akitametam .

.35 awsiS[ - ]kopmolek malad ajrekeb aguj nial awsis .

.45 G nial kopmolek ,lisah nakacabmem uam 8S aynkopmoleK“ :

nat nakirebmem helob ,nakitahrepmem .”napagg

.55 [ tubesret kopmoleK 7 kopmolek utiay nad 8S utiay ,1 on laos nakacabmem

]ayngnipmas id iridreb 02S .


112

.65 G ”apareb irtuP ,apareb afaD naigab ay ulud naksalejiD“ : [ kujnunem libmas

aek napap har azzip ].

.75 8S ”muJ ub ek nakirebid afaD aynup inI“ : [ kanuggnem rabmag na azzip nad

naksilunem ulal ,urug ek nakirebid gnay irtuP nad avaD aynup nakkujnunem

aynlisah nakkujnunem kutnu silut napap ek ].

.85 [ nakisidnokgnem urug ,silut napap id aynlisah naksilunem awsis akiteK

alek ]s .

.95 G .”nakragnednem nial gnay nameT“ :

.06 [ 8S :halada nabawaj lisah nupadA .silut napap id naksilunem

.16 B[ ek nakitahrepmem awsis aparebe ]silut napap hara .

.26 G : kana aboC“ - halada aynlisah 7 kokpmolek tahil kana 34 gnay adA .naigab

”?ipaggnanem uam

.36 aparebeB[ ]nagnat takgnagnem awsis .

.46 32S “ : 34 .”nial aynarac ipatet ,

.56 [ naksilunem 41S .7 kopmolek nabawaj ipaggnanem kutnu ujam 11 kopmoleK

hakgnal naksilunem 41S .siut napap id naajrekep lisah - sitametam hakgnal

alada nabawaj lisah nupadA .bawaj nad iuhatekid utiay : h

.66 [ awsiS - ada ipatet ,nakitahrepmem gnay awsis adA .kudud patet nial awsis

gnacnibreb ialum gnay - namet nagned gnacnib ].

.76 G kana aboc aY“ : - .11 nad 7 kopmolek irad lisah nakitahrep aboc ,kana

”?kadit uata amas aynaraC

.86 SB .”amaS“ :

.96 S .”ripmaH“ :

.07 G .”?aynaraC“ :

.17 BS .”adeB“ :

.27 G gnusgnal kok apanek ,11 kopmolek aboC“ : 24 ”?

14 +

12 =

28 +

48 =

68 :

22 =

34 naigab

14 + 2

4 = 34


212

.37 [ gnay araus nagned salek malad awsis nad urug adapek naksalejnem 41S

nalep ] aneraK“ . 14 nad 1

4 halada uti 24 nagned amas uti , 1

2 ” [ libmas

em rabmag nagnotop nakkujnun azzip ].

.47 G ay amas ,aY“ : 24 nagned ialines aynranebes uti 1

4 habmatid 14 ,

,hadu aY ?ipaggnanem uam gnay nial kopmolek adA .amas aynlisah

.”aynnabawaj reneb hadu …ay hisakamiret

.57 [ akerem tapmet ek ilabmek 11 kopmoleK ].

.67 G aynlisah ,aY“ : 34 ”?aynnabawaj nial gnay adA .ay

.77 S “ : 26 .”

.87 G koK“ : 26 ”?ulud nakapaid surah ayntubeynep uti asib kaggN ?

.97 SB .”nakamasiD“ :

.08 [ laos nakajregnem awsis aumeS 2 romon napap aidem nautnab nagned

.tigel sipal idajnem nakigolanaid gnay nahacep akubmem ialum akereM

halasam naiaseleynep arac iracnem ialum nad tubesret nahacep napap ].

.18 [ malad ajrekeb akereM .nahacep napap naktaafnamem gnades 7 kopmoleK

iuhategnem nigni urug anerak tubesret napap gnasamem akereM .kopmolek

enem tubesret kopmolek arac aynnabawaj nakum ].

.28 8S ini idaJ“ : 23 ini nad 1

4 [ naigab nakkujnunem libmas - irad naigab

lin gnay nahacep ]tubesret naktubesid halet aynia ,amas muleb aneraK

kamasid [ 21=4x3 ,idaJ .aynKPK tawel na gnay napap kujnunem libmas

]nasalebaudrep ialinreb dumek ,21 ini 2x4 utiay 8 libmaid nai [ gnasamem

haub napaled halmujes nasalebaudrep aynialin gnay nahacep ] 1x3 ulal ,

[ ep aynialin gnay igal nahacep agit gnasamem ]nasalebaudr halada aynlisah1121 .”

.38 23S .”eroh lisahreB“ :

.48 8S .”iaseles hadus muJ uB“ :

.58 G ”?ay haduS“ :

.68 laos nakacabmem aI .2 romon laos isatneserp kutnu ujam 11S aynkopmoleK[

nabawaj lisah nupadA .silut napap id lisah naksilunem ai naidumeK .2 romon

:halada silut napap id silutid gnay

23 + 1

4 = 821 + 3

21 = 1121


312

.78 G aggnanem uam gnay apais ,nial kopmoleK“ : ”?ip

.88 [ ]ipaggnanem gnay awsis uata tujnal kadnit ada kadiT

.98 [ laos nakajregnem mulebes nial naaynatrep irebmem urug naidumeK

helo nakirebid gnay naaynatrep nakisatneserpmem ujam awsiS .isaulave

urug .]

.09 G nakam idrA“ : 12 igal gnotomem ai ,nigni hisam anerak ,tigel sipal naigab 1

6

”?idrA nakamid hadus gnay tigel sipal apareb ,itrareB .naigab

.19 [ akereM .nahacep napap nakanuggnem nakagarepmem 73S nad 21S

gnasamem utrak aynialin gnay nahacep 12 nagned 1

6 21S akerem naidumeK .

lisaH .tubesret nahalmujnep irad lisah nakapurem gnay surul kirag kiranem

halada helorep akerem gnay 23 , 4

6 nad 821 ].

.29 [ .lamrof arac nakanuggnem silut napap id naksilunem 8S nakgnadeS aI

silut napap id silutid gnay 8S nabawaj nupada akitametam sumur naksilunem

:halada

.39 [ isisop nagned nakajregnem akereM .isaulave laos nakajregnem awsis aumeS

akerem ,ipatet nakA .akerem igab namayn nad sabeb gnay kudud

udividni araces nakajregnem ].

.49 [ 42S mrof araces nakajregnem gnades .]rabmag nakanuggnem kadit nad la

.59 [ mas nakajregnem 72S .]gnanet patet ipatet narudit lib

.69 [ nad awsis itakednem uruG .]awsis naajrekep nakitahrepmem

.79 ]iridreb uruG[ gnisam tapmet id kudud petet itnaN“ - .”gnisam

.89 [ ces nakajregnem 12S ipatet akitametam sumur nakanuggnem lamrof ara

hakgnal nakanuggnem kadit - sitametam hakgnal .]

.99 [ es hadus gnay awsis aparebeB ]urug ajem id naklupmugnem iasel .

.001 [ gnanet kudud nad salek id patet kutnu awsis huruynem uruG .]

12 +

16 =

621 +

221 =

821 =

8:221 ∶2 (=

46 =)

4:26:2 = (2

3 )


412

3 NAUMETREP PIRKSNART 12 02 iraurbeF 21

.1 [ NDS id 2102 iraurbeF 12 laggnat adap nakanaskalid 3 naumetreP


nahesel kutneb malad rutaid gnay irat gnaur nakanuggnem hisam

uruG .awsis rajaleb tapmet iagabes teprak nakanuggnem ajem nakanuggnem

isruk nad ].

.2 [ amatrep maj adap nakanaskalid narajalebmeP ]narajalep maj 2 amales .

.3 [ pais hadus awsis aumeS .]gnanet nagned kudud nad narajalep itukignem

.4 uruG[ siuk niamreb awsis kajagnem nad ajem naped id iridreb ].

.5 G atik mulebes naidumeK“ : haubes nakirebmem naka ubi ,rajaleb

naniamrep ”tapet tapec siuk utiay

.6 S ”nakabet ,hO“ :

.7 G ay nakajregnem kutnu ,aynsatrek ay inI“ : [ k igabmem libmas gnosok satre

]awsis paites kutnu laos nakacabmem naka ubi N. .…nailak itna s ulud nakpai

”aynsilut tala

.8 S “ : ”?atirec laos ,uB .

.9 G tepeC .satrek id nakajregnem nailak itnan ,laos nakacabmem naka ubI“ : -

,natepec itnan .”?nakragnednem pais hadU .ujam asib iaseles tepec gnay

.01 SB .”haduS“ :

.11 [ uruG naka akacabmem ]satrek awabmem libmas atirec laos n .

.21 [ ned pais awsis aumeS .silut tala nad nakigabid gnay gnosok satrek nag

atirec nakragnednem pais akereM nakacabid gnay urug ].

.31 G ilebmem naiD .aniN ub okot id amas gnay atip ilebmem atiL nad naiD ”:

gnajnapes atip 12 naidumeK .retem ilebmem atiL 1

6 akerem atip akiJ .retem

”?gnarakes atiL nad naiD kilim atip retem apareb ,nakgnubagid

.41 [ hadus 8S tubesret laos nakiaseleynem salek naped ek ujam gnusgnal nad

tnu aynnabawaj lisah naksilunem ku silut napap id ].

.51 G : ay ulud nakitahrepmem nial gnaY“ ”


512

.61 [ arebeB gnacnibreb awsis ap - salek aggnihes nial awsis nagned gnacnib

gnanet gnaruk ragnedret ].

.71 G “ : ”…id rajaleb nakhalis iamar gnay tagni ttttttssS [ nad iridreb urug

.]awsis nakitahrepmem

.81 SB .”rauL“ :

.91 [ aseles 8S haleteS .]kudud ilabmek ai ,nakajregnem i

.02 G j adA“ : ”?nial nabawa

.12 S .”?uti aynnabawaj ipat halas aynarac ualaK“ :

.22 G “ : ?adeb aynaraC ulud tahil atik aboC silut napap hara ek ujunem libmas[

]8S nabawaj lisah tahilem nad ?apareb naiD ilebid gnay atip iuhatekiD ”

.32 SB ”retem hagnetes“ :

.42 G ilebid gnay naidumeK“ : ”?atiL

.52 SB .”manerepeS“ :

.62 G habmatid itrareb nakgnubagid ualaK ?ay nakgnubagid aynnaaynatreP“ :

?gnarukid uata

.72 BS .”habmatiD“ :

.82 G ”.…repes habmatid hagnetes aynatip idaJ“ :

.92 SB .”manerepeS“ :

.03 S .”manE“ :

.13 G ”?muleb amas inI“ :

.23 BS .”muleB “ :

.33 G muleb ualaK“ : ”?nakapaid

.43 SB .”KPK iraC“ :

.53 G : }awsis nabawaj kecegnem uruG[ ?ay nakanahredesid asib hisam inI .aY“

”?apareb ada aynatip idaJ

.63 SB “ : 23 .”

.73 G “ : 23 raneb gnay apaiS .retem 2

3 ”?retem

.83 SB ”ukA“ : ]nagnat takgna libmas[

.93 G ”?apareb aynniaL“ :

.04 SB ukA“ : 46 “


612

.14 G : igal rajaleb asib raneb muleb gnaY“ . ]ajem ujunem ilabmek[ nailak aboC

kopmolekreb aynkudud niramek gnay kopmolek itrepes , .”

.24 [ akerem kopmolek malad lupmukreb nad aynkopmolek iracnem awsis aumeS

gnisam - gnisam ]

.34 G ”ay bitret nagneD“ :

.44 malad lupmukreb awsiS[ ]kopmolek .

.54 G .ajrekeb tuki surah aumeS ?ay kopmolekreb araces nakajrekid inI“ :

( ewed nanalod iapmas nagnaJ aisenodnI asahab malad = ewed nanalod

.)iridnes naniam

.64 [ gnisam adapek nahacep napap nad SKL laos igabmem uruG - gnisam

kopmolek ].

.74 [ nem kopmolek paiteS ialum akereM .nahacep napap nad SKL amire

tubesret laos nakisuksidnem ].

.84 G laos nakajrek nailak aboc gnarakeS ?aumes haduS“ : - utis id ada gnay laos

.”nahacep napap nakanuggnem aynnakiaseleynem araC .…ay

.94 [ lunem akereM .kopmolek malad nakajregnem ialum awsiS lisah naksi

SKL id akerem naajrekep ].

.05 [ akereM .nahacep napap nautnab nagned laos nakajregnem 1 kopmoleK

naidumeK .hagnetes aynialin gnay nahacep utrak haubes nakraulegnem halet

aggnihes tapmerepes aynialin gnay nahacep utrak nakkusamem akerem

tahilret 12 + 1

4 ialin nagned rajajes gnay sirag kiranem awsis ,ayntujnaleS .

nagnat iraj nakanuggnem nial nahacep ].

.15 [ ikiabrepmem nad 1 kopmolek iripmahgnem uruG gnay nahacep utrak

awsis nususid aynialin gnay nahacep utrak ,ataynreT . 14 gnasapid gnaruk

ialinreb gnay utrak utiay ,tapet 14 utrak nagned kupmutreb kaga gnasapid

aynialin gnay 12. utrak halebesid tapet nagned aynnakkatelem urug aggniheS

ialinreb gnay nahacep 12 nad tubesret nahacep nakturugnem ilabmek awsiS .

aynialin gnay nahacep naklisahgnem 34 .]

.25 [ nahacep napap nakanuggnem nakajregnem abocnem gnades 01S ].

.35 .]SKL id aynkopmolek naajrekep lisah naksilunem 8S[

.45 awsiS[ - .]iamar kaga ipatet laos nakajregnem awsis


712

.55 ruG[ gnay kopmolek paites nakitahrepmem nad gnililekreb gnu

.]nakajregnem

.65 ilabmek gnasamem gnades aI .nahacep napap nagned kubis tahilret 72S[

utrak - .]nahacep napap malad ek tubesret nahacep utrak

.75 laos ianegnem 1 kopmolek adapek ilabmek naksalejnem uruG[ - p laos ada

.]mahap hadus awsis nakapa SKL

.85 .]iamar habmatreb ialum awsiS[

.95 G : ]silut napap ujunem nad iridreB[ ”?ay haduS“

.06 S ”haduS“ :

.16 G ”?ay sahab atiK“ :

.26 SB .”hadus aY “ :

.36 G ”?ujam uam gnay apais kopmolek gnarakes aboC“ :

.46 SB ub uka ,ub ukA“ : takgna libmas[ ”]nagnat

.56 [ ]isatneserp nakukalem kutnu naped ek ujam 2 kopmolek utiay 52S nad 31S

.66 G ”ujam utnab aynnemet ,nakitahrepmem aynnial aboC“ : [g kujnunem uru

]opmolek utas halas

.76 [ 2S nad 31S 5 napap nad SKL awabmem libmas urug ajem naped id

ep .]nahac

.86 G olek aboC“ : ?apareb kopmolek ?ay nakragnednem nial kopm [ aynatreb

ek ]isatneserp ujam gnay awsis adap .”

.96 31S .”auD“ :

.07 G maid aboC .aynkopmolek ajrek lisah isatneserp ujam 2 kopmoleK“ :

”?ialumid asiB .aracib itnehreb ,aumes

.17 52S[ acabmem aI .1 romon laos nakacabmem ialum araus nagned laos nak

ragnedret hibel iamar gnay awsis araus aggnihes sarek gnaruk gnay .]

.27 1 romon adap halasam naiaseleynep arac nakketkarpmem 52S nad 31S[

.]nahacep napap nakanuggnem

.37 G .”ay nakitahrep gnoloT“ :

.47 [ 2S nagned utnabid 31S 5 haubes nakraulegnem aynialin gnay nahacep utrak

aynialin gnay nahacep utrak haubes nakgnasamem ai naidumeK .hagnetes

adareb hisam gnay hagnetes ialinreb nahacep utrak halebes id tapmerepes

nahalmujnep irad lisah awhab naklupmiynem akereM .nahacep napap adap


812

p halada tubesret ayngnajnap gnay nahacep utrak isireb gnay nahacep napa

aynhalmuj gnay natapmerep aynialin gnay nahacep napap adap utiay ,amas

uata nahacep utrak haub agit 34 aynialin gnay nahacep napap adap uti nialeS .

ngnajnap gnay utrak gnutihgnem akereM .nasalebaudrep ada amas ay

halada aynlisah ,idaJ .nalibmeS 921 .]

.57 naksilunem mulebeS .silut napap id aynlisah naksilunem 31S naidumeK[

hakgnal naksilunem ai ,aynlisah - .)bawajid nad iuhatekid( sitametam hakgnal

pap naanuggnep nakrasadreb aynlisah naksilunem akerem naidumeK na

.tukireb iagabes silut napap id nabawaj lisah nupadA .nahacep

.67 S .”bawajid iuhatekiD ?anam aynaynatid ,31S ?ub anam aynaynatiD“ :

.77 G : ”ulud nagnat kupet ireB“

.87 .]nagnat kupetreb awsis aumeS[

.97 [ alumes tapmet ek kudud ilabmek 2 kopmoleK .]

.08 G ”?adeb gnay ada nial kopmoleK“ :

.18 SB ”ub uka ,ub ukA“ :

.28 [ silut napap id awsis nabawaj lisah sahabmem uruG ] nakhabmatid aY“ 12 +

14”

.38 gnay awsis adA[ abit - “ ]tapadnep nakirebmem abit .”ulud aynKPK iraciD

.48 G .”?ay uti napap iakap nak ini olak ipaT .ulud KPK iracid aY“ :

.58 ]kopmolek utas halas kilim nahacep napap libmagnem uruG[ gnay apaiS“

[ ”?nakanuggnem asib muleb urug gnay nahacep napap ek kujnunem libmas

.]gnagep

.68 .]tujnal hibel urug irad nasalejnep tapadnem kutnu naped ek ujam 3S[

.78 G amatreP“ : - ”?apareb alug ilebmem ubi idat amat

.88 3S “ : 12”

ilebmem ubI : iuhatekiD 12 risap alug gk

igal ilebmem ubI 14 risap alug gk

: bawajiD 12 + 1

4 = 921 = 3

4


912

.98 G “ : 12, ini ay aynialin gnay nahacep utrak libmagnem libmas[ 1

2] naidumeK

”?apareb igal ileb ubi

.09 23S “ : 14”

.19 G itrareB“ : 12 + 1

4 ”?3S apareb aynumetek ,

.29 aI .natapmerep aynialin gnay nahacep utrak hara ek kujnunem 3S[

ada utiay ,idat nahalmujnep nagned rajajes gnay nahacep utrak gnutihgnem

.]agit

.39 G ”?apareb idaJ“ :

.49 3S “ : 34 "

.59 G ”?nakanuggnem muleb asib haduS“ :

.69 rebeB[ ]bawajnem tuki awsis apa ”asib“

.79 G ”?asib muleb gnay apaiS“ :

.89 S [ 33S ub 33S“ : ]awsis aman utas halas tubeynem .”

.99 .]urug irad nasalejnep nakitahrepmem kutnu naped ek ujam 33S[

.001 G amatreP“ : - ”?apareb ubi aynalug amat

.101 aynialin gnay nahacep utrak libmagnem 33S[ 12 . ]

.201 G ”?apareb ilebmem ubi naidumeK“ :

.301 aynialin gnay nahacep utrak libmagnem 33S[ 14].

.401 G ini nagned nakgnubagiD“ : 33S nad urug[ gnem nahacep utrak nakgnubag

]tubesret ”?anam kococ gnay ,ay

.501 apap ek haragnem 33S[ nad natapmerepes aynialin gnay nahacep n

halada aynlisah idaj ,agit ada aynhalmuj 34 .]

.601 G .”gnarakes asib hadus 33S ,nagnat kupet aY“ :

.701 .]nagnat kupet awsis huruleS[

.801 .]aynkudud tapmet ek ilabmek 33S[

.901 G ”?ay uti itrepes aynnakanuggnem araC“ :

.011 abmek uruG[ ]awsis adapek huruleynem gnay nagnadnap nakirebmem il

“ .”nahacep napap nakanuggnem apnat 2 romon gnay kutnu gnarakeS

.111 SB ”ub ukA“ : .]nagnat takgna nad saisutna awsis aparebeb[

.211 G .”ewed gnetna gnilap gnay kopmoleK“ :


022

.311 .]maid awsis naigabeS[

.411 G ”41S“ :

.511 [ 41S awsis akiteK .silut napap id aynnabawaj naksilunem nad naped ek ujam

naras irebmem nad naped ek ujam 8S aynnabawaj naksilunem iaseles muleb

naksilunem patet 41S ,ipateT .adebreb aynnabawaj anerak 41S adapek

:tukireb iagabes halada aynlisaH .aynnabawaj

.611 .]iridnes niamreb nad iamar ialum hadus awsis naigabeS[

.711 G ”tubir nagnaj gnakaleb gnay haduS“ :

.811 nakiapmaynem kutnu naped ek ujam 41S adap naras irebmem idat gnay 8S[

napap id naksilunem aI .aynkkopmolek nabawaj lisah ianegnem ayntapadnep

:utiay aynlisaH .silut

.911 1S irad nabawaj lisah sahabmem urug naidumeK[ ]uluhad hibelret 4 inI”

”?nakapaid amas muleb ualak

.021 BS .”nakamas“ :

.121 G ”?apareb 4 nad 3 KPK iraciD“ :

.221 SS ”21“ :

.321 G .”21 ,aY“ :

.421 ]awsis irad nabawaj kejegnem uruG[ ?aynsurah inI“

.521 S ”agit“ :

.621 ]3 akgna idajnem 1 akgna itnaggnem nad supahgnem uruG[ urab gnarakeS“

tail atik ”?apareb 3x3 ,

.721 .”nalibmeS“ : BS

.821 G ”?apareb ,9 + 4“ :

.921 ]urug iripmhaggnem naped ek ujam 8S[ ”halas uka ,uB“

.031 .]kudud aynhuruynem uruG[

.131 G ?apareb inI“ : silut napap id naksilunem urug[ 3121 ]

13 +

34 =

1𝑥421 +

1𝑥321 =

721

13 + 3

4 = 1𝑥421 + 3𝑥3

21 = 4+921 = 11

21


122

.231 ]gnanes asarem awsis aparebeB[ .”.…eeeeeY“

.331 G inI“ : ”?kadit apa nakanahredesid asib hisam

.431 .”kadiT“ : SB

.531 S .”ub asiB“ :

.631 G ”?apareb 21 igabid 31“ :

.731 S .”utas“ :

.831 G ”?aynasiS“ :

.931 S .”utaS“ :

.041 G 1“ : 121 ” .]silut napap id naksilunem urug[

.141 ]8S nabawaj kecegnem uruG[ ay aynhalmuj naksilunem halas 8S aynup inI“ ”

.]8S nabawaj nakranebmem aguj urug[

.241 G ”?adeb gnay ada ,11 nad 7 kopmolek atad aud iraD“ :

.341 ]iraj kujnut 82S[

.441 G ”?82S aynup anamiagab aynaraC“ :

.541 nupadA .silut napap id aynnabawaj lisah naksilunem nad naped ek ujam 82S[

:halada aynnabawaj lisah

.641 G kana kaggn asib ini itrepes aynarac ualak aY“ : - ”?kana

.741 .”asiB“ : SB

.841 G itrepes aynarac gnay igal apaiS .ajas sakgnirid amuC .ay amas ini ,asiB“ :

”?ini

.941 .]iraj kujnut awsis aparebeB[

.051 G .”ajas amas idaJ“ :

.151 itakednem ilabmek uruG[ ]ajem ayapus igal laos aynup hisam ubi aboC“

nakragned aboC .nahacep nakhalmujnem mahap hibeL ?apa hibel nailak

”ulud .]silut napap supagnem[

.251 ]urug nakitahrepmem pais awsis aumeS[

.351 G nakajregnem asib gnay itnaN .igal laos aynup urug uB ?muleb haduS“ :

am ayngnajnap gnay ilat satues iaynupmem dibA .naped ek uj 14 .retem

ilat satues iaynupmem aguj nubraM naidumeK 23 retem napap id naksilunem[

13 + 3

4 = 4+921 = 31

21 1 = 121


222

]silut aM nad dibA aynilaT .utas idajnem gnubagid naka nubr apareb idajneM

retem ”?

.451 naksilunem nad naped ek ujam 8S[ .]silut npap id aynnaajrekep lisah

.551 G .”nakitahrep nial gnay aboC“ :

.651 :halada silut napap id silutid gnay 8S nabawaj lisah nupadA[

.751 G ”?nial gnay napaggnat adA“ :

.851 .silut napap id aynnabawaj lisah naksilunem kutnu naped ek ujam 11S[

:halada aynnabawaj lisah nupadA

.]alumes tapmet id kudud ilabmek 11S naidumeK

.951 G apa kaggn aY ?aynumetek nak amaS“ : - aynumetek idaJ .,apa 1121 .retem

D ”?salej muleb asarem gnay apais ,nahacep nahalmujnep ira

.061 awsis adakadit anerak udividni araces isaulave laos nakajregnem awsiS[

.]naaynatrep nakujagnem gnay

.161 hakgnal naksilunem gnades awsis utas halaS[ - utiay ,sitametam hakgnal

.]iuhatekid

.261 hakgnal naksilunem gnades aguj nial awsiS[ - adap sitametam hakgnal

naigab .]iuhatekid

.361 .]KPK iracnem nagned nakajregnem 9S[

.461 .]numalem nad maid tahilret 1S[

14 +

23 = 3+8

21 = 1121

14 + 2

3 = 321 + 8

21 = 1121 .


322

4 NAUMETREP PIRKSNART

32 2102 iraurbeF

.1 NDS id 2102 iraurbeF 12 laggnat adap nakanaskalid 4 naumetreP[

kutnu nakanugid gnay gnauR .AVI salek id utiay ,1 otpicusidA naitilenep

.]isruk nad ajem nakanuggnem gnay AVI salek gnaur halada

.2 .]salek naped id kudud nad pais hadus awsis aumeS[

.3 nad nakragnednem pais aumes ,agrah napap naniamrep taas adaP[

.]naniamrep itukignem

.4 G ”hagnetes utaS“ : gna utas halas naktubeynem urug[ awsis raga ak

.]nial awsis nagned agrah napap nakgnubaggnem

.5 nial awsis nagned gnubagreb nad kopmolek iracnem asureb awsis huruleS[

.]salek naped ek ujam awsis naidumeK .hagnetes utas ialin kutnebmem raga

.6 [ 4S utiay awsis tapme irad iridret gnay kopmolek adA 32S nad ,31S ,21S ,

ialinreb napap haub aud irad iridret gnay nahacep napap kutnebmem nad

ialinreb napap haub aud ] .

.7 G .”aboc naktahilid 1S aynuP“ :

.8 [ akerem kilim napap nakkujnunem 12S nad 61S ,2S amasreb 1S naidumeK

ialinreb agrah napap irad iridret gnay , , nad ,

.9 G ”?uti apareb 72S aynuP .hagnetes utas ,aY“ :

.01 ialinreb napap aud irad iridret gnay aynagrah napap nakkujnunem 72S[

ialinreb napap haubes nad .]

.11 ”inis ieW“ : 72S habmatreb aggnihes aynnamet utas halas liggnamem[

ialinreb napap haubes ]

.21 lisah nakkujnunem 1S kusamret iskerognem gnilas awsis aparebeB[

.]pakgnel hadus gnay aynnapap

.31 G namet raib nakkujnutiD“ : - .”tahilem aynnamet

.41 [ iridret nial kopmoleK nahacep napap awabmem gnay awsis gnaro agit irad

ialinreb 1 ialin naklisahagnem aggniheS . .]

322


32 2102 iraurbeF



























322


32 2102 iraurbeF




























422

.51 G gnarakes aY ?ay asiB ?ini itrepes nakkujnunem ay asiB .hadus aY“ :

.”ilabmek kudud

.61 gnisam tapmet id kudud ilabmek awsis aumeS[ - .]gnisam

.71 G aboc utas kopmoleK“ : id kudud gnay awsis hara ek nakkujnunem urug[

]amatrep tered ”?apa itrepes 2 ualak ujam nakhaliS

.81 3S .awab ai gnay agrah napap nakkujnunem ai nad naped ek ujam 3S[

aynialin gnay 4 awabmem 12 .]

.91 G kana kaggn reneb ,ulud kecid aboC“ : - ana k 12 + 1

2 + 12 + 1

2 aynlisaH .

”?apareb

.02 S .”auD“ :

.12 G ”?ay reneb hadus ,aud aY“ :

.22 .]aynkudud tapmet ek ilabmek 3S[

.32 G ualak niramek ,amas tubeynepreb gnay nahacep kutnu idaJ“ :

”?anamiagab nakhalmujnem

.42 S ”KPK“ :

.52 G ualaK .ay irajalepid hadu aguj nirameK“ : gnay aynarac amas tubeynep

”?aynapa nakhalmujid

.62 SB .”ayngnalibmeP“ :

.72 G ”?kadit nakhalmujid ayntubeynep ualaK .ayngnalibmep aY“ :

.82 SS .”kadiT“ :

.92 G ”?adebreb tubeynepreb gnay ualak naidumeK“ :

.03 BS .”ub aynKPK iraC“ :

.13 G ”?aynapa iraC“ :

.23 SS ”KPK“ :

.33 G haduS“ : ”?ay salej

.43 BS ”aY“ :

.53 G itnan adapiraD ?naktujnalid narajalep mulebes salej muleb gnay apaiS :

salej hadus 1S .aynatreb salej muleb gnay aynkiabes ,nakajregnem asib kaggn

”?muleb

.63 .]naaynatreb nakujagnem kadit ataynret 1S[

.73 G itnan aboC“ : ,laos 2 aynup ubi .”satrek kilabesid nakajrek nailak gnolot

.83 SS ”?aynaman silutiD“ :


522

.93 G aynaman silutid“ : ]silut napap id nasilut supahgnem urug[ aynlaos itnaN

aynaman silunem apul helob kaggaN .adebreb nad amas tubeynepreb ”

.04 kireb iagabes ,silut napap id laos silunem uruG[ ].tu

.1 12 +2

8

.2 16 +2

6 + 36

.14 G adeb tubeynep inI !nakajrekid hadus aY“ : romon laos nakkujnunem urug[

,]1 amas tubeynep ini ]2 on laos nakkujnunem urug[ tinem 3 aynutkaw

.”ini nakajregnem

.24 S ”?ub inisid ,uB“ : .]satrek rabmeles nakkujnunem awsis[

.34 G kilabiD“ : .”uti satrek

.44 aguj uruG .nakajregnem awsis tahilem kutnu salek gnililekreb uruG[

awsis iripmahagnem - .]nakajregnem gnades gnay awsis ?apul gnay anaM“

”?ulud nakapaid tubeynep adeb ualaK

.54 SB .”ulud KPK iraciD“ :

.64 G .”…ay aynarac iakap ,aY“ :

.74 nakajregnem awsiS[ .]gnanet nagned

.84 S ”?nakanahredesid ,uB“ :

.94 G ”aynrihka lisah nakanahredesid gnay itnan ,aY“ :

.05 .]aynrugenem nad iamar gnay awsis itakednem uruG[

.15 G ”?haduS“ :

.25 SB .”muleB“ :

.35 G .”amasreb sahab atik hadus ualaK :

.45 SB .”muleB“ :

.55 G mon nakajregnem uam gnay apaiS“ : ”?1 ro

.65 BS ”.…uka …ukA“ : .]iraj kujnut libmas[

.75 G ”aynkudud sinam gnilap gnaY“ :

.85 .]gnanet nagned kudud awsis aumeS[

.95 G .”8S“ :

.06 BS ”hhhhhaaA“ : .]awecek asarem[

.16 G .”muynes aguj ipat aynkudud amuC nagnaj sinam ualak aynakaM“ :

.26 ecek asarem hisam awsis aparebeB[ ]aw

.36 G ”ulud nakitahrep hadU“ :


622

.46 .]1 romon laos nakajregnem nad naped ek ujam 8S[

.56 tahilret awsis aparebeb aynnabawaj lisah naksilunem gnades 8S akiteK[

.]gnugnib

.66 S ”?anamig ,uB“ :

.76 LS .”ub gnugniB“ :

.86 G ”?anam gnay gnugnib koK ?apA“ :

.96 S ”ub adeb aynaraC“ :

.07 G : apa kaggn ,igal sahabid itnan adeb aynaraC“ - tapadnep aynup nak ,apa

iridnes - .iridnes

.17 gnay nabawaj nupadA .aynnabawaj lisah naksilunem iaseles halet 8S[

:halada silutret

.27 G ”ulud kudud aY“ :

.37 ilabmek 8S[ .]aynkudud tapmet id kudud

.47 G ”…… 2 romon gnarakes aY“ :

.57 SB ”.…ub uka …ub ukA“ :

.67 G ”12S“ :

.77 SB ”hhhhA“ : .]urug helo liggnapid kadit anerak awecek adnat[

.87 .]utureggnem ragnedret awsis aparebeB[

.97 waj lisah nupadA .silut napap id aynnabawaj lisah naksilunem 12S[ naba

:halada

.08 G ”2 romon nad 1 romon lisah tahil atik gnarakes aboC“ : kudud hisam urug[

.]silut napap ek haragnem nagnadnap nad urug isruk id

.18 .]urug nasalejnep nakitahrepmem awsiS[

.28 G ,1 romoN“ : 12

+ 28

[ nakitahrepmem urug 8S nabawaj ] ,8S turunem

1 aynumetek 12 . ”adeb gnay apaiS awsis hara ek tahilem[ .]

.38 SB ”ukA“ : .]nagnat takgna awsis aparebeb[

12 +2

8 = 8

8 + 4

8 = 21

8 = 14

8 1 = 2

4 1 = 1

2

16 +2

6 + 36

= 1+2+36

= 66

1 =


722

.48 G ”?apareb aynumeteK ?adeB“ :

.58 SB :“68”

.68 SB “ : 34”

.78 G ”silutid umaynuP .sahab atik oyA“ : .]awsis utas halas kujnunem[

.88 ek ujam 53S[ lisah nupadA .aynnabawaj lisah naksilunem nad naped

:halada 53S nabawaj

.98 SB ”ub luteb ,ub luteB”:

.09 “ ]awsis nabawaj lisah sahabmem nad silut napap itakednem uruG[ aY

nakitahrep aboC .ay 8S turunem tahil atik gnarakes .8S turunem 1 romon

”?apareb ayn KPK

.19 SB ”8“ :

.29 G ”aynumetek naidumeK .8 ay reneb ini ,aY“ :

.39 ]raneb gnay nabawaj lisah amasreb sahabmem awsis nad uruG[

.49 :utiay ,8S nabawaj hawab id raneb gnay nabawaj lisah naksilunem uruG[

.59 G aboC“ : ”?ini anam 8S amas aynadeb

.69 S ”ub latot adeB“ :

.79 G …ay inI“ : ]gnalibmep naigab 8S nabawaj adap kujnunem[ aynsurahes ini

”?apareb

.89 S ”utas“ :

.99 LS .”auD“ :

.001 ]8S nabawaj nakranebmem uruG[ ay ini adap katelret aynnahalasek idaJ ”

]gnalibmep adap kujnunem[ ”?ay uhat

.101 SB .”aY“ :

.201 G ”?anamiagab aboc 53S aynup gnay ualaK“ :

.301 SB ”raneB“ :

.401 G ”?ini kaggn raneB .amas aynnabawaj ipatet ,ay ayn KPK nakub inI“ :

12 +2

8 = 8

61 + 4

61 = 21

61 = 6

8 = 34

=48 + 2

8 = 6

8 = 3

4


822

.501 S ”raneB“ :

.601 G licekret gnay natapilek iracid KPK iracnem ualaK“ : naktujnalem urug[

]2 romon laos , 2 romon 16 +2

6 + 36

”?apareb aynumetek

.701 S “ : 66

"

.801 G “ : 66 ”?apareb nagned amas

.901 S ”1“ :

.011 G ”?aumes raneb haduS“ :

.111 SB ”haduS“ :

.211 .]iraj kujnut gnay awsis adA[

.311 S ”urilek 1 romon ,ub ajas 2 romoN“ :

.411 G ”?gnarakes nak asib haduS ?urilek gnay aynapA“ :

.511 S .”aY“ :

.611 laos igabmem uruG[ ]awsis kutnu rihka isaulave

.711 awsiS[ - naidumek laos acabmem akereM .udividni araces nakajregnem awsis

.]nakaidesid hadus gnay rabmel adap nabawaj naksilunem

.811 hakgnal naksilunem awsis aparebeB[ - sumur nad sitametam hakgnal

.]akitametam

.911 m gnusgnal awsis aparebeB[ ]akitametam sumur naksilune

.021 hakgnal nagned nabawaj naksiunem awsis aparebeB[ - sitametam hakgnal

.]rabmag nagned iatresid ipatet ,akitametam sumur nad


922

2 naripmaL 3

ISATNEMUKOD

.1 isavresbO otoF

nakajregnem arac naksalejnem uruG

nakajregnem awsiS laos


032

naped id nakajregnem gnay nial awsis nakitahrepmem gnaruk awsiS

aynlisah naksilunem gnusgnal gnay awsis naajrekep lisaH

narajalebmep nakitahrepmem gnaruk awsiS


132

.2 aideM otoF

nagnasap iracnem naniamrep utraK

iracnem naniamrep utraK nagnasap

drac llaC awsis kutnu


232

azzip rabmag nad azzip napaP

nahacep napap aideM

.3 satabreT lepmaS adap isatnemelpmI otoF

kopmolek araces SKL laos nakajregnem awsiS


332

awsis adapek nagnibmib nakirebmem uruG

napap aidem naktaafnamem awsiS nahacep

agrah napap naniamrep nakukalem awsiS


432

2 naripmaL 4

NAITILENEP NAKUKALEM NIJI TARUS


532

2 naripmaL 5

NAITILENEP NAKUKALEM HALET NIJI TARUS


632

2 naripmaL 6

SILUNEP ATADOIB

id 0991 lirpA 42 laggnat adap rihal ,hisainruK inrE

awaJ ,obosonoW id lamrof nakididnep ilawagnem aI .hagneT

.2002 iapmas 6991 nuhat adap napiruK 1 iregeN DS

nakididnep naktujnalem ai naidumeK hagnenem pakgnit

id amatrep 2002 nuhat adap gnalamutaW 1 iregeN PMS

ktujnalem ai ,PMS nakididnep nakiaseleynem haleteS.5002 iapmas nakididnep na

sata hagnenem .5002 iapmas 5002 nuhat adap obosonoW 1 AMS id

iggnit naurugrep takgnit adap nakididnep naktujnalem ai ,8002 nuhat adaP

uruG nakididneP idutS margorP libmagnem aI .amrahD atanaS satisrevinU id

ugeK satlukaF ,)DSGP( rasaD halokeS rihka saguT .nakididneP umlI nad naur

:ludujreb gnay ispirks taubmem nagned hupmetid gnay nagnabmegneP

malad naledomeP isadomokagneM gnay narajalebmeP takgnareP

IRMP natakedneP nagned nahaceP nahalmujneP halasaM nakiaseleyneM

tpicusidA iregeN DS AVI saleK 1 o .


plagiat merupakan tindakan tidak terpuji - core.ac.uk · p mri, mat eri penjum lah an pec ahan untu...

Documents