persoalan n hipotesis

7/28/2019 Persoalan n Hipotesis

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SOALAN 2 (a) (Independent Sample T-Test)

Menguji perbezaan min antara dua kumpulan.

Persoalan Kajian:

Adakah terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi skor kebimbangan terhadap kursus GB6023

pada awal semester antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan?

Hipotesis Kajian:

Ho : Tidak terdapat perbezaan min yang signifikan bagi skor kebimbangan terhadap kursus

GB6023 pada awal semester antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan. ( 1 = 2 )

Ha : Terdapat perbezaan min yang signifikan bagi skor kebimbangan terhadap kursus GB6023

pada awal semester antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan. ( 1 2 )

Group Statistics

Gender N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean

Perceived_Anxiety_class_Time1

Male 35 5.5643 1.53554 .25955

Female 123 5.5305 1.42561 .12854

By observing the means it can be seen that male participant produced more errors on the

perceived anxiety score in the early semester but this difference may not be significant. To

ascertain if this result is significant or due to chance the Independent Samples Test table must be

examined. The Std. Deviation shows that the male participant have a wider spread of scores than

the female group.


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Independent Samples Test

Levene's Test for

Equality of

Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F Sig. t df Sig. (2-

tailed)

Mean

Difference

Std. Error

Difference

95% Confidence

Interval of the

Difference

Lower Upper


Equal variances

assumed.505 .478 .122 156 .903 .03380 .27784

-

.51501.58261

Equal variances

not assumed.117 51.854 .908 .03380 .28964

-

.54745.61504

Levenes test has found that the two variances do not differ significantly where F= 0.505, p>0.05, therefore, as the variances are not significantly different, we can accept the equal variances

assumption and use the top line values. The result of two-tailed hypothesis shows that t(156) =

0.122, p>0.05 which we can accept our null hypothesis that there are not significantly meandifferences between the male and female participant in the perceived anxiety score in the early

semester.


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SOALAN 2 (b) (ANOVA 1 WAY)

Menguji perbezaan min antara lebih daripada dua kumpulan.

Persoalan Kajian:

Adakah terdapat perbezaan yang sinifikan antara skor kebimbangan terhadap kursus GB6023

pada awal semester antara pelajar berbangsa Melayu, Cina dan India?

Hipotesis Kajian:

Ho : Tidak terdapat perbezaan min yang signifikan antara skor kebimbangan terhadap kursus

GB6023 pada awal semester antara pelajar Melayu, Cina dan India. ( 1 = 2 = 3 )

Ha : Terdapat perbezaan min yang sinifikan antara skor kebimbangan terhadap kursus

GB6023 pada awal semester antara pelajar Melayu, Cina dan India. ( 1 2 3 )

Descriptives


N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum

Lower Bound Upper Bound

Malay 139 5.6565 1.45658 .12355 5.4122 5.9008 2.50 9.00

Chinese 7 4.8214 1.20515 .45550 3.7069 5.9360 3.50 6.75

Indian 7 4.3929 1.02933 .38905 3.4409 5.3448 2.25 5.50

Others 5 4.8500 .89443 .40000 3.7394 5.9606 4.00 6.00

Total 158 5.5380 1.44572 .11502 5.3108 5.7652 2.25 9.00

The table above displays the mean perceived anxiety score in the early semester in the four races

conditions. It can be seen that Malay student have higher anxiety level in the early semester

(mean perceived anxiety = 5.657). As for Indian student have the lowest anxiety level in theearly semester where their mean perceived anxiety is 4.393. Chinese students (4.821) and others

races student (4.850) have similar concerns in scores where the mean difference in their

perceived anxiety scores was 0.029. The Std. Deviation indicates the spread of score in the four

races. The largest spread of scores was found in Malay students (1.45658)


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Test of Homogeneity of Variances


Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

1.515 3 154 .213

From this above table, we see that the Sig. Value is 0.213, which is greater than 0.05. We cantherefore assume thatthe variances are approximately equal.

ANOVA


Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 17.092 3 5.697 2.821 .041

Within Groups 311.056 154 2.020

Total 328.147 157

From the Anova table, we can see that F(3, 154) = 2.821; p < 0.05. As p < 0.05, this indicates

that there is a significant differences between the four groups. However, it does not state wherethe significance lies. As this result, we can reject our null hypothesis.


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Multiple Comparisons

Dependent Variable: Perceived_Anxiety_class_Time1

LSD

(I) Race (J) Race Mean Difference (I-

J)

Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval

Lower Bound Upper Bound

Malay

Chinese .83505 .55053 .131 -.2525 1.9226

Indian 1.26362*

.55053 .023 .1761 2.3512

Others .80647 .64692 .214 -.4715 2.0844

Chinese

Malay -.83505 .55053 .131 -1.9226 .2525

Indian .42857 .75967 .573 -1.0721 1.9293

Others -.02857 .83218 .973 -1.6725 1.6154

Indian

Malay -1.26362*

.55053 .023 -2.3512 -.1761

Chinese -.42857 .75967 .573 -1.9293 1.0721

Others -.45714 .83218 .584 -2.1011 1.1868

Others

Malay -.80647 .64692 .214 -2.0844 .4715

Chinese .02857 .83218 .973 -1.6154 1.6725

Indian .45714 .83218 .584 -1.1868 2.1011

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

The Multiple Comparisons table shows al the possible pairwise comparisons for our three groups

of participants. From this table we can see that the difference between Malay and Indian group is

significant, as is the difference between the Chinese and Malay group as the p values are small

and less than 0.05.


6/10

SOALAN 2 (c) (PEARSON CORRELATION)

Menguji hubungan (data parametrik) - kolerasi

Persoalan Kajian:

Adakah terdapat hubungan antara skor persepsi kendiri pelajar dengan skor sikap pelajar

terhadap aktiviti kursus GB6023 pada awal semester?

Hipotesis Kajian:

Ho : Tidak terdapat hubungan antara skor persepsi kendiri pelajar dengan skor sikap pelajar

terhadap aktiviti kursus GB6023 pada awal semester. ( 1 = 2 )

Ha : Terdapat hubungan antara skor persepsi kendiri pelajar dengan skor sikap pelajar

terhadap aktiviti kursus GB6023 pada awal semester. ( 1 2 )


7/10

From the graph above we can see that the student self perception score in the early semester have

weak correlation, r=.194 with the student attitude score in the early semester towards the

GB6023 course activity. This result agree with Cohen (1988) which state that r= .10 to .29 isconsidered as weak correlation.

Correlations

Attitude_towards_cla

ss_Time1

Self_Perception_Tim

e1

Attitude_towards_class_Time1

Pearson Correlation 1 .194*

Sig. (2-tailed) .018

N 155 149

Self_Perception_Time1

Pearson Correlation .194*

1

Sig. (2-tailed) .018

N 149 154

*. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

The Pearson Correlation test statistic = 0.194. SPSS indicates with * that it is significant at the

0.05 level for a two-tailed prediction. The actual p value is shown to be 0.18 and we can

conclude the result as r= 0.194, N = 155, p < 0.05. These result indicate that as the studentattitude score in the early semester towards the GB6023 course activity increase, the student self

perception score in the early semester also increases, which is a positive correlation. As the r

value reported is positive and p < 0.05, we can state that we have a positive correlation betweenour two variables and our null hypothesis can be rejected.


8/10


9/10

As the scatter plot diagram above shows that there a no correlation between the two variable.


10/10

SOALAN 2 (e) (Mann-Whitney U Test)

Ujian statistik yang lain.

Persoalan Kajian:

Adakah terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi pelajar yang masih bujang dengan yang sudah

berkahwin antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan yang mengambil kursus GB6023?

Hipotesis Kajian:

Ho : Tidak terdapat perbezaan min yang signifikan bagi pelajar yang masih bujang dengan

yang sudah berkahwin antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan yang mengambil kursus

GB6023. (1 = 2 )

Ha : Terdapat perbezaan min yang signifikan bagi pelajar yang masih bujang dengan yang

sudah berkahwin antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan yang mengambil kursus GB6023.

(1 2 )

Ranks

Gender N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

Marital Status

Male 35 93.56 3274.50

Female 122 74.82 9128.50

Total 157

Test Statisticsa

Marital Status

Mann-Whitney U 1625.500

Wilcoxon W 9128.500

Z -2.519

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .012

a. Grouping Variable: Gender

The test statistic generally reported is the Mann-Whitney U which is 1625.500 in the above table.The probability value is ascertained by examining the Asymp. Sig (2-tailed). A figure of less

than 0.05 is considered to be indicative of significant differences. The result show that U =

1625.50; p=0.012, p < 0.05. Here we can conclude that there is a significant difference betweenthe marital status and the gender of the participant and null hypothesis can be rejected. Our

hypothesis is also supported by examining the mean ranks that shows male reports a higher mean

ranking of the marital status than female.

persoalan n hipotesis

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