perpustakaan sultanah zanariah -...
TRANSCRIPT
UTM.28/ 13.11/1/4 Jld. 4 ( )
30 Jun 2008
Pustakawan Perpustakaan Sultanah Zanariah UTM, Skudai Johor
Saudara, PENGKELASAN TESIS SEBAGAI SULIT/TERHAD -Tesis Sarjana Sains (Keusahawanan Teknologi Maklumat) - Nama Pelajar : RAJA NORASYIKIN BINTI HJ RAJA ALI
- Tajuk : EARTHQUAKE AND STRUCTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM (EnSMS)
Sukacita dimaklumkan bahawa tesis yang tersebut di atas bertajuk Earthquake and Structural Monitoring System (EnSMS) memohon dikelaskan sebagai terhad untuk tempoh tiga ( 3) tahun dari tarikh surat ini, memandangkan ia mempunyai nilai potensi untuk dikomersilkan di masa hadapan.
Sekian, dimaklumkan. Terima kasih.
“BERKHIDMAT UNTUK NEGARA”
Yang benar,
PM SAFIE BIN MAT YATIM Penyelia Projek Fakulti Sains Komputer & Sistem Maklumat Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
EARTHQUAKE AND STRUCTURAL MONITORING SYSTEM
(ENSMS)
RAJA NORASYIKIN BINTI HJ RAJA ALI
A project report submitted in fulfillment of the
requirements for the award of the degree of
Master of Science (IT Entrepreneurship)
Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
JUNE 2008
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ABSTRACT
One main problem of earthquake prone countries is to own an earthquake
sensor system. This is due to the expensiveness of the said item. Besides, the system
itself is quite complicated and makes early detection of earthquake difficult. As such,
a multi fuction and user friendly device has been invented under the project called
Earthquake and Strustural Monitoring System (EnSMS). The system are complete
with combinations of two devices namely seismograph for seismologist use and
accelerograph widely used by building engineers. The new system is far cheaper than
earlier available devices. Furthermore, its simple programming language and huge
information storage could appeal to a wider usage of the device not only as a tool for
earthquake detection but also a telecommunication channel to engineers and public.
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ABSTRAK
Salah satu masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh beberapa negara yang sering
dilanda gempa bumi ialah memperolehi alat dan sistem kesan gempa bumi mereka
sendiri. Ini adalah kerana harga alat dengan sistem yang lengkap terlalu mahal untuk
dibeli dan dipasang di Negara masing-masing. Selain daripada itu sistem mengesan
gempa bumi yang ada di pasaran kini terlalu komplikasi sehingga menyukarkan
beberapa pihak untuk memahami dan mengetahui kesan gegaran itu lebih awal. Oleh
itu satu sistem yang lebih mesra pengguna dan pelbagai fungsi telah dibina. Sistem
ini juga menggabungkan dua alat kepada hanya satu alat dengan satu sistem yang
lengkap iaitu sismograf yang digunakan oleh sismologis dan asselerograf yang
digunakan oleh jurutera bangunan. Projek ini dinamakan “Earthquake and Structural
Monitoring System (EnSMS)” atau “Sistem Memantau Gegaran Gempa Bumi dan
Struktur Bangunan” dan telah dibangunkan bagi tujuan penjimatan kos berbanding
produk sedia ada, memberi faedah bersama kepada beberapa syarikat yang terlibat
dalam pembangunan aplikasi ini sepeti Syarikat Telekomunikasi serta projek ini juga
cuba untuk memberi amaran awal kepada pengguna atau masyarakat setempat.
Dengan mengunakan pangkalan data yang ringkas dan bahasa pengaturcaraan yang
mudah, diharapkan sistem ini mampu memberi faedah kepada sismologis, jurutea
dan juga orang ramai.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER TITLE PAGE
DECLARATION ii
DEDICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv
ABSTRACT vi
ABSTRAK vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS viii
LIST OF TABLES xiii
LIST OF FIGURES xiv
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES xvii
1 PROJECT OVERVIEW
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Background of Problem 3
1.3 Statement of Problem 4
1.4 Project Objectives 6
1.5 Project Scope 6
1.6 Conclusion 7
2 LITERATURE RIVIEW
2.1 Introduction 8
2.2 Terminology 9
ix
2.2.1 Terminology of earthquake 9
2.2.2 Terminology of structural engineering 18
2.3 Data Collection and Analysis 21
2.3.1 Overview of Malaysian National Tsunami
Early Warning System 21
2.3.2 Seismic Network Sub-System 24
2.3.2.1 Introduction 24
2.3.2.2 Existing Seismic Network 24
2.3.2.3 Real Time Data Exchange of
Seismic Waveform Data 27
2.3.2.4 Future Plan of Upgrading Seismic
Network 27
2.3.2.5 Seismic Stations Locations and
Equipment 28
2.3.3 Tide Gauge Network Sub-System 30
2.3.3.1 Introduction 30
2.3.3.2 Existing Tide Gauge Network 30
2.3.3.3 A Summary of the Existing Tide
Gauges Stations 31
2.3.3.4 Future Plan to Upgrading the Tide
Gauges Network 32
2.3.3.5 Sensor 33
2.3.3.6 Communications System 33
2.3.3.7 Location and Completion of 6 New
Tides Gauge Stations 33
2.3.4 Deep Ocean Buoy Network Sub-System 34
2.3.4.1 Introduction 34
2.4 A Review on Existing Product 35
2.4.1 Kinemetrics Inc 35
2.4.1.1 Network 37
2.4.1.2 Data Center 38
2.4.1.3 Other Components 41
2.4.2 OYO Corporation, Japan 43
2.4.2.1 Solutions / function 43
x
2.4.2.2 Key Features 44
2.4.2.3 Uniqueness 44
2.4.2.4 Advantages 44
2.4.2.5 Their Target Customer 45
2.4.2.6 Existing Market 45
2.4.2.7 Special Offers / Features / Services 45
2.4.2.8 Barriers 45
3 METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction 46
3.2 Prototype Methodology Phase 46
3.3 Study on Techniques; Tool and Technology Apply
in the Project Development 48
3.3.1 Project Development Tools 48
3.3.1.1 Database using MySQL 48
3.3.1.2 Microsoft Office 49
3.3.2 Technology 50
3.3.2.1 Personal Home Page (PHP) for
Website Development Language 50
3.3.2.2 Operating System using Windows
XP Professional 51
3.3.3 Web Server and Development 53
3.3.3.1 Web Server using Xampp 53
3.3.3.2 Web Development Editor using
Macromedia Dreamweaver MX 54
3.4 Project / System Development Methodology Used 55
3.5 Techniques Used 57
3.5.1 Specifications for Sensor 57
3.5.2 Specifications for Server (Hardware) 57
3.5.3 Specifications for Server (Software) 58
3.5.4 Network Devices 58
3.6 Project Schedule 59
3.7 Project Framework 60
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3.8 Conclusion 61
4 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT DESIGN
4.1 Introduction 62
4.2 Project / Product Design 63
4.3 Database Design 64
4.4 System Design 66
4.4.1 As-In Process and Data Model 67
4.4.1.1 Use Case Diagram 67
4.4.1.2 Use Case Description 68
4.1.1.3 Sequence Diagram 68
4.1.1.4 Activity Diagram 70
4.4.2 To-Be Process and Data Model 72
4.4.2.1 Use Case Diagram 72
4.4.2.2 Use Case Description 72
4.1.2.3 Sequence Diagram 73
4.1.2.4 Activity Diagram 74
4.4.3 Conclusion 74
5 BUSINESS PLAN
5.1 Executive Summary 75
5.2 The Business 78
5.2.1 Introduction 78
5.3 The Heart of Business 78
5.3.1 Current Practices 80
5.3.2 Current Problems and Limitation 82
5.3.3 The Solution 84
5.3.4 The Approach and Technologies 87
5.3.5 Significant and Benefits 88
5.3.5.1 Economic and Social 88
5.3.6 Technical 89
5.3.7 Alternative Solution and Competitors 89
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5.4 Management Team 92
5.4.1 Team’s Profile 93
5.4.2 Advisors 94
5.5 Marketing 95
5.5.1 Market Potential 95
5.5.2 Target Market 96
5.5.3 Pricing Strategy 97
5.5.3.1 Price Description for EnSMS 98
5.5.4 Pathways To Market 98
5.5.5 Marketing Plan 100
5.5.6 Advertisement and Promotional Plan 100
5.6 Forecast and Financial Data 101
5.6.1 Sales Forecast 101
5.6.2 Income Statement 102
5.6.3 Cash Flow Statement 102
5.6.4 Balance Sheet 103
5.7 Conclusion 104
6 CONCLUSION
6.1 Conclusions 106
REFERENCES 108
APPENDICES 110
CHAPTER 1
PROJECT OVERVIEW 1.1 Introduction
On 26 December 2004, a large earthquake of 9.0 on the Richter scale
occurred west of Aceh in Sumatra, Indonesia. The epicenter was located at latitude
3.1ºN and longitude 95.5ºE, about 680 kilometers northwest of Kuala Lumpur and
590 kilometers west of Penang. This earthquake has generated a massive and
disastrous Indian Ocean-wide tsunami that struck the coasts of a number of countries
in the region with high “tidal” waves. This unprecedented tsunami had killed
hundreds of thousands of people in several countries bordering the Indian Ocean. A
total of 76 persons have been killed and many properties were destroyed along the
northwest coastal areas in Peninsular Malaysia particularly the coastal areas of
Penang, Kedah, Perlis and to a lesser extent Perak and Selangor.
This project will provide both earthquakes monitoring system and
consultancies services. I offered my monitoring system, namely “EnSMS”, that is an
earthquake and structural monitoring system that utilizes a satellite for sending its
information or data to related party.
The target customers for EnSMS are very wide because it covers the
requirements for not only earthquake monitoring but also structural monitoring as
well. Therefore this system is required for related parties in charged on public safety
such as Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD) for informing the public
regarding earthquake activities, Public Works Department for monitoring their
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critical facilities (such as hospital, power plant, long span bridges), Department of
Irrigations and Drainage (DID) for monitoring their dams, and private sectors such as
oil company for monitoring their offshore platform (PETRONAS, EXXON-Mobile,
SHELL, BP), the owners of high-rise buildings, KESAS, PLUS, universities,
research centers, and consultancy companies related to earthquake engineering.
The uniqueness of my systems are, it’s was a combination of a sensor,
namely SEER-SAG® that could record the ground motions in all three directions and
has combined both instruments for earthquake monitoring (seismograph) and
structural monitoring (accelerograph). While the current problems have separated the
instrument for earthquake monitoring and structural monitoring and they are able to
detect only one direction of earthquake movements. Therefore, the uniqueness of our
system could reduce cost significantly.
As more and more high-rise buildings and large costly structures are built
and being built in Malaysia, there has been a growing concern among engineers and
authorities in Malaysia regarding seismic risk to critical structures and facilities. One
of the problems today preventing most of the countries in the world from obtaining
sufficient number of seismological instruments in their countries is the great cost to
purchase/install the instruments. Therefore, i believed that my system could answer
to the problems and limitation faced by this problem. With low in price, Malaysia is
expected to install more seismic stations to improve the nationwide earthquake
observation network, and therefore able to have an excellent database of earthquake
data and increase the safety of certain critical facilities that would have catastrophic
consequences, such as power plants, chemical factories, offshore platforms, and large
dams.
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1.2 Background of Problem
There are two types of common seismic instrument used to obtain
earthquake ground motions data: seismograph and accelerograph. Seismograph is an
instrument that records displacements. Seismograph is required by seismologist to
predict the location and the size of the earthquake (most commonly in Richter scale).
Government institution such as Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD)
requires this equipment for monitoring the earthquake activities. Hence, after the
earthquake occurs, MMD can immediately process the observational data and
quickly announce information on location, magnitude through media as well as to
other related institutions and to prepare the action plan if there is a possibility of
potential hazard situation.
Accelerograph is an instrument that record ground or structures acceleration
due to earthquake effects. One of the purposes of this equipment is to monitor the
acceleration occurred on particular structures and gives a warning if the acceleration
has exceeded the design capacity. This function is very useful for a control system
for certain critical facilities such as power plants (especially nuclear power plants),
chemical factories, offshore platforms, and large dams. This control system is
required for those particular facilities to decide appropriate actions such as shutdown
the operation or evacuate the people.
Accelerograph is also used by scientist or researcher for analyzing the
earthquake hazard and risk and then implements the results into design code or
disaster management plan. These results are very useful to minimize or mitigate the
effects of future earthquakes to their countries. An excellent database of earthquake
data is required in order to carry out the depth study on seismic hazard and risk
assessment, and to get the excellent results of the study. To have an excellent
database of earthquakes parameters and ground acceleration, sufficient number and
appropriate type of seismic instruments especially accelerograph are needed. For
example, Japan is operating a network made up of about 180 seismographs for
continuous earthquake monitoring and 1000 accelerographs.
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There is no doubt that every country should have of both seismographs and
accelerograph not only for informing the location and the size of the earthquakes but
also as a control system for certain critical facilities as well. Usually, it requires at
least three units for each type of seismograph and accelerograph for each site to
detect the motion of earthquake i.e. two for horizontal direction (N-S and E-W) and
one for vertical direction. As more and more high-rise buildings and large costly
structures are built and being built in Malaysia, there has been a growing concern
among engineers and authorities in Malaysia regarding seismic risk to critical
structures and facilities. In other hand, Malaysia still requires a large number of this
instrument to cover its large area in West and East Malaysia.
One of the problems today preventing most of the countries in the world
from obtaining sufficient number of seismological instruments in their countries is
the great cost to purchase/install the instruments. Beside that, the approach of the
most seismic-instruments available today is complicated. Although simple seismic
instruments have been developed, usually they are able to detect only one direction
of earthquake movements. Moreover, the instrument could utilize only as
seismograph or accelerograph (SEER Group, 2007).
1.3 Statement of Problem
Current problems and limitations faced by the parties related in earthquake
monitoring are shown in Figure 1.1:
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Figure 1.1 Current Problem in Earthquake Monitoring
The existing instruments for earthquake monitoring could utilize only as
seismograph or accelerograph. Each type of instrument needs three (3) units to
measure 3 component of both displacement (seismograph) and ground acceleration
(accelerograph). The lists of current problem due to the above limitations are as
follows:
i. High Cost
The cost for purchasing the sensor of both three components
accelerograph and seismograph is about USD 50,000.
ii. Limited instruments
The number of earthquake monitoring especially for structural
monitoring is very limited. This is due to the owners of building have
to spend much money to purchase the instrument.
iii. Poor database
The insufficient number of equipments cause poor database.
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iv. Accuracy and safety
Due to lack of database, earthquake analysis should utilize database
from other countries. It causes some results might not be reliable to
apply in the particular country.
The lack of structural monitoring system also reduces the safety of the
building against the earthquake effects.
1.4 Project Objectives Objectives of these systems for both economical and societies are as
follows:
i. To develop a multi functional with a user friendly interface for
earthquake and structural monitoring system
ii. To reduce product and maintenance cost specially for government and
private sectors which were involved in this problem
iii. To develop a system that can give an alert warning system for
registered members via communications device
iv. To develop a prototype system
1.5 Project Scope
i. This system must be a user friendly interface monitoring system
ii. There are three different user will use this system which are non
members, members and admin with different functionalities
iii. This system will link with communications company such as telco to
give an alert warning system for registered members only
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1.6 Conclusion
i. To reduce cost
• The engineers could use the knowledge to anticipate the future
problem due to the earthquake effects and to mitigate the
possibility of structure failures due to future earthquakes.
• Improving in quality of database could advance the knowledge
regarding earthquake effects and it will optimize the design of
the structure. This will reduce cost of design.
• Well-maintained structures will deteriorate in longer period.
ii. Benefits few parties that involved in the project
• Communication company (Telekom (M) Bhd, MAXIS, DIGI)
• Hardware and software suppliers
• Private sectors which were related (consultancy services)
iii. Try to assured a public safety
• Proposed system can prevent ‘runaway’ failure to other
component and defect can be monitored continuously.
• Related parties can be alarmed earlier if there is any serious
damage occurred, and immediate action can take place.