perancangan proses kimia 4

7/26/2019 Perancangan Proses Kimia 4

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Reactor System

Liquid

SeparationSystem

Liquid Recycle

Liquid

Feeds Products


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PINCH analysis


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! Reactor effluent: homogeneous phase or heterogeneous

phase

! Homogeneous phase==> change Temperature and/or

Pressure ==> to obtain partial separation of heterogeneous

mixture! Three-phase model considers the possibility that a vapor

may also be present, together with two liquid phases

! If solids are present with one or two liquid phases, it is not

possible to separate completely the solids from the liquid

phase(s). Instead, a centrifuge of filter is used to deliver a wetcake of solids

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The liquid separation system involves one or more

of the following separators:

! distillation and/or enhanced distillation,

! stripping,

!

liquid-liquid extraction,! and so on, with the unreacted chemicals recovered in

a liquid phase and recycled to the reaction operation

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! Phase condition of the feed

! Separation Factor (SF)!!relative volatility

!

Reason for Separation! purification

! removal of undesirable components

! Recovery

! Ki= Pisat/P

!

Pisat"Persamaan Antoine

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SF=y1!x1!y2!x2=K1!K2=!1,2


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!

Heuristic 9: Separate liquid mixtures using distillation,stripping, enhanced (exctractive, azeotropic, reactive)

distillation, liquid-liquid extraction, crystallization, and/or

absorption

! Heuristic 10: Attempt to condense or partially condense

vapor mixtures with cooling water or a refrigerant. Then useHeuristic 9

! Heuristic 11: Separate vapor mixtures using partialcondensation, cryogenic distillation, absorption, adsorption,

membrane separation and/or desublimation


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!

Purificationdeals with the removal of impurities withthe goal of achieving very high concentration of the

dominant component.

! The initial concentration of impurity in the mixture

should be lower than 2000 ppm, while the final

concentration of impurity in the product should be

less than 100 ppm.

! Suitable separation methods are equilibrium

adsorption, molecular - sieve adsorption, chemical

absorption and catalytic conversion


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.9QI9?ED?H >J )LIK?@! The relative volatility between the two selected key

components for the separation in each column is >1.05

! The reboiler duty is not excessive. (low relative volatility ==>high duty reboiler)!

! The tower pressure does not cause the mixture to approach

its critical temperature! The overhead vapor can be at least partially condensed at

the column pressure to provide reflux without excessiverefrigeration requirements

! The bottoms temperature for the tower pressure is not so

high that chemical decomposition occurs! Azeotropesdo not prevent the desired operation

! Column pressure drop is tolerable, particularly if operation isunder vacuum

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1. Side - stream rectifier: A and C from main column, B as topproduct of side rectifier.

! 2. Side - stream stripper: A and C as before, but B as bottoms ofside stripper.

! 3. Prefractionator: separate AB and BC mixtures in fi rst column by

sloppy separation, then take pure components A, B, and C in a side -

stream second column.! 4. Side - stream low position: take B as side stream below the

feed.

! 5. Side - stream high position: take B as side stream above the

feed.


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! Liquid Feed:! Flash

! Distillation

! Stripping

! Exctractive distillation

!Azeotropic distillation! Liquid-liquid extraction

! Crystallization

! Liquid adsorption

!

Dialysis, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, etc

! Supercritical extraction


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!Extractive Distillation ???

!Chemically Enhanced Distillation ???

!

Pressure - Swing Distillation ???

!

???: please find information yourself


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