of library services*myrepositori.pnm.gov.my/bitstream/123456789/2395/1/sekitar_1997_24_3.pdf ·...
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Sellitllr Perpustakllllll
RESOURCE SHARING: DEVELOPMENT OF LIBRARY SERVICES*
AMA:>IAH AHMAD**
A BSTRAK Kalas kerja ini menonjolkan program dan aktivili perkongsian sumber dan
kerjasama dikalangan perpuslakaan dan pusat maklumat di Malaysia dan bagaimana iany a Iclah IIl cny umhang kepada kemajuan dan perkembangan perkhidmatan perpus/akaan di ncgara ini. Program dan aklivili ini berjalan diperingkat kebangsaan samada di sc laraskan oleh Perpuslakaan Negara Malaysia dan/atau Persaluan Pelpuslakaan Malaysia danjuga diperingkat jenis perpuslakaan dan pusat maklumal.
INTRODUCTION
D t is an accepted fact that no one library is self sufficicm in it s resources be it in library
mat erial s, fun c ti o ns an d servi ccs . It is the
combination o f people. processes, ideas, experience,
materials and money which constitute to be the
resources of a library. The increase in the volume
of library matenals and info rmation. the increasing costs of acquiring and processing them. the need
fortrained personnel. siorage space and the increasing demands by users are the main mot ivating factors for libraries to share resources.
Resource shari ng clllail s cooperation and coordination. il brings about greater interaction between libraries and librarians which will in turn
bring about grca\cr awarenesS of cOlllmon issues!
problems and finding appropriate solutions. New
ideas will evemually be generated for better service,
beller programs and better budgeting.
In Malaysia a number of resource sharing activities
are going on either at national level coordinated by
Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia (National Library
of Malaysia) and/or Persatuan Perpustakaan Malaysia
(Library Association of Malaysia) and at various
types of libraries. This paper will highlight major
resource sharing and cooperative activities among
Malaysian libraries and information centres .
PER PUN
PERPUN (Persidangan Perpustakaan Universiti dan
Negara) is a committee comprising of chief librarians
of all the 9 university libraries, MARA Institute of
P"rn pr~ s..: n t t:d fit lh~ 111 h AS TI NFO Consul tat ive Meeting ~md Re gional Seminar / Workshop on Development of National InlorllHllioll InrrastrLlc l llr~s ,lIl d Services, lRANDOC. Tehran . 3·8 May 1997 . .. Dir~ctor. I cchnical ~"r\'icl.!s OJ\ is ion. Pcrpustakaan Negara Malaysia
===================================.
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Technalagy Library and the Di rector-Genera l af
Perpustakaan Negara Mal ays ia. Thc committee
meets on a regular basis LO discuss COTmnon problems, share information and eSLabl ish cooperative prqjects. One af the majar prajects a f PER PUN was the
Malaysian MARC Praject (MALMARC), a shared
cataloguing praject which created in National Union
Catalogue of 480 ,000 records af National Library
and 5 unive rsity libraries. II was the biggest
bibliographica l database in the country. However
the project wh ich started in 1978, was discontinued
at the end o f 1990 when those partic ipating libraries
began to have tbcir own integrated library systems.
Other PERP UN projects include the study on the
price of books and C D-ROM, group purchase of
CD-ROM , CD-ROM Networking, Union list of
CD-ROM which can be referred at Perpustakaan
Negara Malays ia homepage, study on indexing
service by libraries and instilutions in Malaysia and
National Union Li st for serial s. The Unian List
for serials was started in July 1995 and about 30,000
records will be inplll inla CDS ISIS and mounted
an to the Universiti Kcbangsaan Malaysia Hompage.
It is a union list of serials of Perpustakaan Negara
Malaysia and Malays ian universities excluding
Universiti Malays ia Sarawak (UNIMAS) and
Universiti Malays ia Sabah (U MS).
SCOM (Sub-Committee on Microforms)
Sub-committee an Micraforms or SCOM had its
beginning in May 1968 as a cooperative efforl
between Persatuan Perpuslakaan Malaysia (Lib
rary Association o r Malaysia)and Library Asso
ciation of Singaporc. However, since 1980 it
ex ists as a sub-committee of Persatuan Perpus
takaan Malaysia which coordinate microfilming
works among member institutions. Unjversity libraries , Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia, National
Sekitar Perp"Slakaall
Archives, Sabah State Archives, Sarawak
Museum, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka and Pusat
Sumber Maklumat Sarawak are represented in Ihi s
sub-commillee. Currenlly 26 Malaysian news
papers are being microfIlmed by 8 institutions.
Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia undertakes to
microfilm 8 t.itles of newspapers. This cooperative
project not only share out the microfilming work
which would otherwise never been able to be
handled by anyone particular institution.
SCOM operates its activit.ies within the following
scope of work :
responsible in identifying issues and problems
related to microforms.
study on the present status of microfi lming
activities and micrographics
establish contacts and cooperate with those
inslitutions involved in microfilming work at nalional and international level dessiminate information on micrographics
study on conversion format
The committee is currently studying on standards
on microfilming which include its processes and
methods, raw material s used , its equipment and
storage and compiling a Masterli st of Malays ian
Microform. Talks and seminars are held to create
awareness among librarians and archivists on the importance o f preservation of library material s. In
1994 a National Seminar on Preservation of LibralY
Materials in Tropical Environment was held and in
1996 a talk wa s he ld on Preservat ion and
Conservation: issues and challenges by Dr. Margaret
S. Child, an American Consultant under the
Fullbright Programme . She was in Malaysia for 3
months 10 study on current conditions and practices
of preservation and conservation works in Malaysia
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
and to provide appropriate recommendations to the
National Library of Malaysia. Following this a
national policy on preservatjoll of library materials
is being drawn lip.
National Committee 011 Catalogning and
Classification
This committee was set up by the Perpustakaan
Negara Malaysia in its effo rts to establish
Se"itar Perp"stakallll
Several other projects are currently being studied
includes:
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Malaysian Acronyms
Abbreviation for Libraries
Expansion for DDC Class 297
Authority for Malay Names
Transliteration table for Cataloguing of
Tamil Materials and Indian authors authority
file.
sta ndardi sation in catal oguing and classification Workshops are also held to help cataloguers
particularly for Malaysian publications . The understand the cataloguing standards and roles passed
co mmittee compr ises of ch ief catalogue rs of by this committee. In 1996, a workshop on Library
Pcrpustakaan Negara Malaysia, university libraries of Congress Subject Headings was held for a week
and selected public library and special libraries. for Malaysian cataloguers, documentation officers
and lecturers from library schools. A resource
Projects by National COlllmittee on Cataloguing person from Library of Congress was invited to
and Classification:- conduct the workshop.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6) (7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Rules for Malay Names.
Translation of Library o f Congress Subject
Headings into Bahasa Malaysia.
Local Subject Headings.
Standard Headings for Malaysian
Government and Statutory Bodies.
Li st of Malay titles.
Guideline for Romanisation of Jawi.
Geographical and Historical Expansion
Tables for Malaysia.
Standard Headi ngs for Govenunent and
Statutory Bodies for Sabah & Sarawak.
Subject Authorities for Sabah & Sarawak
Ethnic Groups.
Sabah & Sarawak Etllllic Authors Authority
File.
BILCO (Committee on Bibliographic and
Library Cooperation)
BILCO (Committee on Bibliographic and Library
Cooperation) is a committee established by the
Persatuan Perpustakaan Malaysia (Library
Association of Malaysia) which among others acts
as the clearing house for bibliographic projects in
the country. It started as a joint committee of
Persatuan Perpustakaan Malaysia and the Library
Association of Singapore but has evolved into
independent committees. However BILCO
(Malaysia) and BILCO (Singapore) meet annually
and discuss common projects of benefit to both
countries. Of late BILCO has concentrated more
on library cooperation by conducting seminars/
workshops in areas of current interest. BILCO
(M) and BILCO (S) are currently compiling a
Directory of Librarians in Malaysia and Singapore
and making it available on Internet.
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
•
Publication Delivery System
Publication Delivery System (PDS) is a formalised
interlibrary lending system launched on 2 June 1988
with Perpustakaan Negara t,,;aJaysia as a national
coordinating celme.
Its objective is to improve the provision and supply
of publications in thei r original form or photocopies
from national and international sources to intending
users within the country for purposes of study and
research.
Librarieslinstitutions have to sign a Memorandum
of Understanding to be a member of PDS and
registered member are allowed to borrow or obtain
copies of the required material s. To date there are
287 reg istered members who are willing to share
their library materials under this system. Since
October 1993 , PDS is operated on-line i.e. requests
can be made through PDS electronic form. However
with e-mail facilities the PDS on-line requests have
declined and they are coming up with an improved
electronic form. In 1996 National Library of
Malaysia received 1,145 requests for publications
through PDS.
JARINGAN ILMU (Knowledge Network)
With the advent of INTERNET Malaysian libraries
formed a computer network called JARINGAN
ILMU. This was established on 26 January 1994
when Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia and MIMOS
signed a Memorandum of Understanding to develop
a library and informalion network in Malaysia. MIMOS is the coordinator of JARING which
provides telecommunication backbone facilities for
Internet subscribers in Malaysia.
The main objectives of JARINGAN ILMU are:
I)
2)
3)
4)
5)
Sekitar Perplislakaan
for MIMOS and Perpustakaan Negara
Malaysia to jointly undertake research and
development programmes to established
linkages between libraries in Malaysia using
the latest information tcchnology.
to facilitate the sharing of resources among
libraries
to enable librarians and library users to
access library resources from remote locations.
to encourage libraries to become information providcr by creating public domain databases
and to allow members of the public to access
such databases .
to facilitate technology transfer in the use
of computer network and developing
databases through training, workshops.
seminars etc.
Being the coordinator of JARINGAN ILMU and to
facilitate Malaysian libraries to access to Internet,
Perpustakaa', Negara Malaysia have provided
assistance to 45 state libraries. and goverrunent
department libraries by installing computer systems
with Ir,ternet network facilities. A series of
workshops on Internet , Internet utilities , Web design and development and Web server management were
held for local libraries not ollly to upgrade their
skills in using the internet but also creating their
hompages and mounting their information sources
according to their core competencies on to the net.
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Development of Public Libraries
One o f tbe fu nct ions of Perpusta kaan Negara
Malaysia as provided under the Natiollal Library
ACl, 1972 and National Library (Amendment) Act,
1987 Pa ri lJ SeC/ion 4 (h) is " to promote and
fa ci litate the establishment of nation-wide systems of pub lic libraries in keep ing wilh national standards of provis ion".
Public libraries in Malaysia are run by State Library
Corporations cxcept for tbe state of Sabah (undcr
State Departmcnt ) and Sa rawak (under State
Min istry) and WiJayah Pe rsekutuan (under City
Council). The Director-General of Perpustakaan
Negara Malays ia sits in each Library Board as an adviso r. In additio n. mcetings cha ired by
Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia are held lwice a year to monitor the development of the Jibraries and
discuss issuc s and problems rc lated to their
deveJopment.
The funding of the statc libraries come form two
sources i.e the individual Stale governments and the Federal govcrnment . Since 1992 the Fcderal
government through Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia contributes on a 50 50 basis of their operational
budget. Thi s fund is to be spent on collecti on
development , wages ror recruitment of temporary and contract staff and reading ca mpaign activities . In addition funds arc also given under the 5 year
deve lopment budget for the constructi on and
renovalion of Slate library buildings and branch libraries, mobiles and initial stock of library materials.
Financial assista nce provided are closely monitored by Perpuslakaan Negara Malaysia 1O ensure a balance distribution and development of public libraries in every state in Malays ia.
Sekiltlr PerplIslllktlllll
To date Malaysia has it own network of public
libraries comprisi ng of 14 state libraries, 4 regional
libraries, 97 branches, 204 rural libraries and 90
mobiles (l ,8 J 3 stops) di stributed throughout the
country.
Council of State Libraries Directors
It was formed in 1987 comprising of all fhe Directors
of public libraries in Malaysia. Its objectives are
to establish closer relationship among state libraries
and librarians, discuss common issues/problems and
finding appropriate solutions and to standardise
public library services.
Among projects studied and recommended by the
Council includes Service Norm", Standards for Rural
Libraries and Floor Areas for Public Libraries, and
model Enactment for Public Libraries. The council
is also studying on appropriate standards for the
interior and finishes for a public library.
Workshops, seminars and forums are held to address
specific issues related to tile development and services
of public libraries. In 1996 a Conference 011 Rural
Library Serivces in ASEAN Countries: a new
perspective was organised by the Council, where
20 papers were presented covering areas ranging
from information technology , library cooperation,
standards , marketing of services and services to the
disadvantage. Courses, visits and attachment of staff
are also part of the council 's programme.
Each state library in Malaysia is building up its
state collection i.e any materials published in the
state or about the state. II has been mutualy agreed
that each state would inform each other about titles
pertaining to each state. The state libraries are also
srudying on the development of subject specialization
for each state.
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
School Resource Centres
School Resource Centres were set up in every
government school to facilitate teaching and learning.
There are over 8,000 School Resource Centres in
ihe country and they are under the Ministry of
Education and their deve lopment is being
coordinated by the Education Technology Division.
Resource Sharing activities among school resource
centres are seen in a number of projects including
Bina Minda (Mind Development), Pus at Sumber
Electronic (Electronic resource centres) and the
training aspect.
Bina Minda was started in 1993 to upgrade the
skills of using of information sources for teaching
and learning, skills for creative and critical thinking
and promote reading habits. A sum ofRMI2 million
was allocated for 5 years to purchase selected quality
books for secondary and rural primary schools.
Books are purchased centrally by Education
Technology Division and distributed to the schools.
In addition each resource centre bas its own book
budget based on the number of student population.
Electronic Reso,urce Centre project was started in
1995 and officially launched in March 1996. 14
secondary schools from each state were selected to
participate in this project. Telekom Malaysia Bhd.
sponsored this project by providing leased line ,
hardware and software and its installation. Under
this project each school was given 14 computers
and a server. Initiall y they are working on a union
catalogue of the 14 schools to facilitate resource
sharing and cataloguing. With the given computers,
students are taught to use and have access to Internet.
If this project proved successfull, it would be
extended to other schools in Malaysia.
Seldlar PerpliSlakaall
In service training for teachers who run tbe school
resource centres are coordinated/organised
periodically by Education Technology Division,
Pusat Sumber Pendidikan Negeri (State Education
Resource Centres) at state level (14 states) and at
district level (352 districts) by Pusat Kegiatan Gum
(Teachers Activity Celllres).
Malaysian Technical Cooperation Program
The Malaysian Technical Cooperation Prograrmne
(MTCP) was launched by tile Malaysian Govemment
in 1980 to promote and facilitate technical
cooperation amongst developing countries based on
the concept of self-reliance. The programme
encourages the exchange of relevant experience,
pooling and sharing of resources and development
of complementary activities. Perpuslakaan Negara
Malaysia is one the government departments who
has been chosen to participate in this programme.
Since 1985, under Malaysian Technical Cooperation
Program training assistance has been extended to
49 developing countries and 247 library personnel
have been following either the Basic Course for
Library Assistants or Library VisitslAllachmenrs for
tbe professional librarians under this programme.
Malaysian Resource Centres
Two Malaysian Resource Centres i .e at the
University of Ohio. USA in 1988 and at Royal
Institute of Linguistics and Anthropology (KlTLV),
Leiden on 9 May 1995 have been set up to support
the study of Malay language and on Malaysia.
The third centre would be set up at the Universi ty
of Victoria, Wellington, New Zealand. An annual
budget has been allocated to these centres for the
G=================================
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
purchase of library material s related to Malay
language. litera ture. culture and on Malays ia as part of the Malays ian government effort to promote Ma lay studi es and stud y on Mala ys ia among
European. America n and Pacific areas community .
Exchange of Publications
Exchange of publications programme have been go ing on as pan or resource sharing between libraries. Perpu stakaa n Ncga ra Malays ia has
exchanged her publications with 43 overseas libraries.
In add ition p lan is being made to co ntribut e
Malaysian publications to overseas institutions through the Ma lays ian embassies parlicularly those
countries wh ich havc diplomatic and tradc relations
as part of promoting Malaysia and its publications and to rec iprocate book donations received by
Pcrp us takaan Negara Malaysia through th e ir
embassies.
Cooperation With The Private Sector
The private sector in Malaysia is al so playing
its social role in cOlllributing lOwards the development of li brary services in the country . They have
contributed either to/through Pel-pustakaan Negara
Sei4.itar Perpllstai4.aaJl
Malaysia or directly to the respective state Iibaries.
Their co ntribution has Icd to the setting up of
Community Trust Fund and Malay Manuscript Trust
Fund of Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia, donation
of mobile units, setting up rural libraries , rcading
campaign activities , setting up of Hypermedia
Ccntres for children, publication of nursery rhymes
in Multimedia CD-ROM and publication of talking
books for the visua ll y impaired readers. Such
companies include Esso (M) Bhd ., PETRONAS.
Syarikat Mobil (M) Bhd., Telekom Malaysia Bhd.,
Syarikat United Happy Store , British America n
Insurance, Syarikat Park Properties Sdn. Bhd. and
Golden Arches Restaurants (M) Sdn. Bhd.
COllcltlsiOIl
Resource sharing among libraries in Malaysia has
definitely contributed towards the improvement and
development of library services in the country .
Their willingnes to cooperate have brought aboUl
better understanding , closer relationship, mutual
benefits and above all has improved the provision
of I ibrary and information services to all sectors of
the Malaysian community both in the urban and
rural areas.
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Seldtar PerpustflAaall
REFERENCES
L Badilah Saad, Shahar Banun laafar and Chew Wing Foong. Malaysian libraries in national development
a country report. Libraries ill National Development: Papers and Proceedings of the Tellllz Congress of
SOlllheaSI Asian Librarians. Kuala Lumpur, 2 1 -25 May 1996. Vol III , p. 39-56.
2. Interview wilh Puan Jamaiah Osman, Assistant Director and Encik Saidina Oroar Samsuri , Assistant Director,
Sektor Pembangunan Perkhidmatan Sumber Pendidikan, Education Technology Division,Ministry of
Education, on 28 April, 1997.
3. Interview wilh Datin Paduka Shahancem Hanoum Mustafa , Director of Selangor Public Library and Chairman
of Council of Public Libraries Directors on 25 April 1997.
4 . Laporan lahunan Perpustakaan Ncgara Malaysia 1995 Kuala Lumpur: PerpuSlakaan Negal'a Malaysia, 1996.
5. Malaysian Technical Cooperation Program (Brochure).Kuala Lumpur: Perpustakaan Ncgara Malaysia, 1997.
6. Pensyarikatan Malaysia: sumbangan sosial syarikat swasta melalui perkhidmatan perpustakaan: kCrlas
perbineangan untuk Mesyuarat Lembaga Penasibat Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia, bi!. 111996.
7. Resource sharing in libraries edited by Allen Kent. New York : M. Dekker , 1974.
8. Shahar Banun laa far. laringan ilmu : challenges beyond. Sekilar Perpllslakaan, bil 23, p. I - 13. , 1996.
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Hakcipta Terpelihara © 1997 – Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia