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7/30/2019 Nota Bahan Binaan

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Definition

Bitumen is a name applied to various

flammable mixtures of hydrocarbons

(hydrogen & carbon).

Solid, semi solid or viscous material, black ordark brown in color & sticky.

On the application of heat, it melts and gets

softened.

BITUMINOUS MATERIALS
http://www.answers.com/main/ntquery;jsessionid=4lerumrp8cu97?method=4&dsname=Wikipedia+Images&dekey=Bitumen.jpg&gwp=8&sbid=lc02b


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Strong adhesive (ability to adhere to solid

particles e.g. aggregates), durable, highly

waterproof, highly resistant to action ofsalts, alkali & acids.

Most common materials : Tarand asphalt.

Tar is a by product during the production ofcoke.

Tar is resistant to petroleum based solvent.

Properties


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2000F

Coke OvenTar

Tar FeedTank

Heater

Pitch

DistillationTower

Steam

PRODUCTION OF COAL TAR

gas

200F

Coal


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Most common and most widely used bituminous

material. Readily soluble in most petroleum

products. Sources:

(i) Natural asphalt

(ii) Distillation of crude oil

Asphalt


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Production flow of petroleum products


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Asphalt pavement

- Greatest use in road

construction. Asphalt inpavements acts as a binder

for the aggregates.

- Before it can be mixed with

the aggregate, the asphaltmust be made liquid by

heating and cutting with

solvent.

Uses of Bitumen
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Waterproof coating and

membranes (sealant)

- Used to provide a waterproofcoating for walls and to make

waterproof membranes in

buildings & coating for pipes.

- Roofing systems (asphalt

roof shingle)

Joint & crack filler

Uses of Bitumen
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Glass

A hard when solid but brittle material, weather

resistant and transparent (allow light to pass). Unaffected by alkalis, salts or by most acids.

(attacked by hydrofluoric acid)

Ordinary glass is made of sand (SiO2

- maincomponent), soda (Na2CO3) and lime - CaO)


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Manufacturing Mixing of raw material: sand, soda & lime Melting in a furnace at 1600 o C

Drawing glass is drawn through a

series of roller

Cooling & cutting

Soda lime glass (most common)

Borosilicate glass (making laboratory equipment,

cooking utensils) Lead glass (for making high class glassware)

Type of glass


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Market form of glass and uses

Sheet glass window panes,

partitions.

Plate glass (thicker & wider

than sheet glass high

grade mirror, wind screen.

Frosted glass semi

transparent; for window,

bathroom.
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Fiber glass possess

high tensile strength.

Use as thermal &

sound insulation,

reinforcing material

Structural glass

roof, stairs. Safety glass

(laminated glass) a

plastic film is sandwiched

between pieces of glass.
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Plastic

Refer to a group of synthetics (artificially produced

materials) formed by synthesis (combination of

separate elements) of chemicals coming from coaloil, natural gas, cellulose from wood etc.

Properties of Plastics

Transparent, light weight Good resistance to discoloration, chemicals and

corrosion

Low moisture absorption but are softened by

organic solvent


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Thermoplastics

Become soft when heated and

hard when cooled.

Can be shaped by extrusion;

recyclable.

Types of plastic: acrylics,

polyethylene C2H4, polyvinyl

chloride (PVC), polystyrene,

polypropylene - C3H6)

Two general classifications of plastic
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Thermosetting plastics

Cannot be melted and re-molded

after it is cured (formed).

Durable and stronger than

thermoplastics.

Suited to high temperatureapplications.

Types of plastic: melamine, epoxy

(use as adhesive), bakelite.

Two general classifications of plastic
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For use in structural

applications, plastics need to

be reinforced with glass,asbestos and metallic fibers.

e.g. GRP (Glass reinforced

plastic)

Corrugated plastic sheets -roofing

Plastic panel - cladding of

light weight partition, door,

siding

Market form and uses
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Plastic foam boards thermal &

sound insulation

Floor tile & frame

Pipes, GRP water tanks, sanitary

& water supply fittings

Material coating (e.g. steel

pipe), water proof barrier

Adhesive, paints
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Natural rubber

Weak. To improve its

properties, sulfur is added.Excess sulfur makes rubber

brittle.

Synthetic rubber

Produce from petroleum and

other minerals.

e.g. Neoprene, Buna S, Butyl

Rubber
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Water repellent and resistant to alkalis and

weak acids.

Elasticity, toughness, impermeability,

adhesiveness and electrical resistance.

Properties


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Tires

Adhesives

Engineering applications- (e.g. bridge bearings,

bearings to protect structures

from vibration - shock absorber)

- Rubberized asphalt - rubberfrom scrap tires is mixed with

asphalt.

- Electrical insulator


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Asbestos

Properties

Flexible; can be woven to make fabrics

Highly resistant to heat (very high melting point

1520 oC)

Low thermal conductivity

Excellent thermal & sound insulating properties

Fibrous flexible mineral consists mainly of silicate

of calcium & magnesium (CaSiO3, 3MgSiO3).

Color varies from white, gray, blue,

brown.


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Uses

Asbestos cement sheets, pipes

Fire proof cloth

Sprayed coatings fireprotection to structural steelwork

Asbestos insulating boards

Thermal insulation to boilers,

vessels, pipes, valves, pumps


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Protective & decorative finishes

Painting implies an application of thin coating

material in liquid or plastic condition to the surface,

which dries out leaving a protective as well as

decorative finishes.

Adhesive

A substance capable of sticking to surfaces of othersubstances and bonding them to one another.

Types: Animal glue; vegetable sources resin,

rubber; synthetic resin

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