modul kimia one 2014/2015

MODUL 1 TINGKATAN 5 Chapter 1: Rate of Reaction

Copy © Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh Guru Cemerlang Kimia

MODUL KIMIA SPM 2014/2015 KERTAS 2

[100 markah]

KELAS INTENSIF

Sekolah Kluster Kecemerlangan

Kimia A+

Written by: Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh

M.Sc. Ed USM

BSc (hons) Ed (Chemistry) USM

GURU CEMERLANG KIMIA

MODUL 1 TINGKATAN 5

CHAPTER 1: RATE OF REACTIONS KADAR TINDAK BALAS



CHAPTER 1: RATE OF REACTIONS Kadar Tindak Balas

A Rate of Reaction Kadar tindak balas Activity 1: What is rate of reaction? Apa itu kadar tindak balas?

Rate of reaction is the ……………… at which reactants are converted into .………………… in a

chemical reaction.

Kadar tindak balas berlaku dengan ………………….. di mana bahan tindak balas ditukar ke dalam

………………….. tindak balas kimia.

The rate of reaction is a measurement of the change in the quantity of …………………. or

…………………………. against time.

Kadar tindak balas adalah ukuran perubahan dalam kuantiti ………………………….. atau

……………………………………… dalam satu unit masa.

Activity 2: Determine the slow and fast reactions Tentukan tindak balas perlahan dan cepat

[6 markah]



Activity 3: Observable changes for measuring the rate of reaction Perubahan yang dapat diperhatikan untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas

The change in amount of reactant / product that can be measured by: Perubahan dalam jumlah bahan tindak balas / hasil yang boleh diukur oleh:

For each of the reactions below, write a chemical equation and state the observable change/changes can be used as selected quantities to measure the rate of reaction: Bagi setiap tindak balas berikut, tuliskan satu persamaan kimia dan nyatakan perubahan yang dapat diperhatikan/

perubahan yang boleh digunakan sebagai kuantiti untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas:

Example 1: The reaction between marble chip with hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas and

chloride salt. Tindak balas antara serpihan marmar dengan asid hidroklorik untuk menghasilkan gas karbon

dioksida dan garam klorida.

Chemical Equation: ………………………………………………………………………………. Persamaan kimia

Changes:

(i) ………...……………………………………………………………………(reactants/ bahan tindak balas)

(ii) ……………………………………………………………………………..(product/ hasil)

Example 2: Reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution with sulphuric acid to produce yellow

precipitate of sulphur, water, sulphur dioxide and sodium sulphate solution.

Tindak balas antara larutan natrium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan mendakan

kuning sulfur, air, sulfur dioksida dan larutan natrium sulfat.

Chemical equation: ………………………………………………………………………………..

Change:

(i) …………………………………………………………………………………… (product/ hasil)

• …………………………….. in the mass of reactant .............................................. jisim bahan tindak

balas

• …………………………….. in mass of product .............................................. jisim hasil tindak

balas

• …………………………….. in volume of gas

released .............................................. isi padu gas yang

dibebaskan

• …………………………….. of precipitate ............................................. mendakan

sebagai hasil tindak balas

• Change in pH, temperature or electrical

conductivity Perubahan pH, suhu atau kekonduksian elektrik

• ………………………………….. pressure …………………………………… tekanan



Example 3: Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen gas.

Penguraian hidrogen peroksida untuk menghasilkan air dan gas oksigen.

Chemical equation: ………………………………………………………………………………..

Change:

(i) …………………………………………………………………………………… (product / hasil)

Activity 4: Measusement of the Rate of Reaction. Pengukuran Kadar Tindak Balas

Average Rage of Reaction/ Kadar Tindak Balas Purata

Instantaneous Rate of Reaction = Gradient of the graph Kadar Tindak Balas Pada Masa Tertentu = kecerunan tangen pada graf

The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid, HCl release 25 cm3 of hydrogen gas and the gas is collected in 60 seconds. Tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik, HCl

membebaskan 25 cm3 gas hidrogen dan gas

dikumpulkan dalam masa 60 saat.

0.2 g of magnesium ribbon reacts completely with dilute hydrochloric acid in 40 seconds. What is the rate of reaction? 0.2 g pita magnesium bertindak balas sepenuhnya

dengan asid hidroklorik cair dalam 40 saat. Berapakah

kadar tindak balas?

Calculate the average rate of reaction for the reaction between 2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. Hitung kadar tindak balas purata bagi tindak balas

antara 2.6 g zink dengan 50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0

mol -3

.

Calculate the average rate? / hitung kadar tindak

balas purata?

Time 0 20 40 80 120

Mass of CaCo3

0.0 0.048 0.116 0.164 0.164

Rate of reaction = Change in quantity of reactant or Product / perubahan bahan tindak balas atau hasil

Kadar tindak balas Time taken/ masa diambil

Instantaneous rate = Change of volume in y axis / perubahan isi padu paksi y

Change of volume in x axis / perubahan isi padu paksi x V2 –V1 T2 – T1



The results for the experiment of decomposition of hydrogen gas liberated are given below. Keputusan eksperimen tentang penguraian gas hidrogen dibebaskan seperti yang ditunjukkan di bawah.

Time (s) 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

Volume of gas liberated

(cm3)

0

7.50

11.75

14.50

16.50

18.25

19.75

21.00

21.75

22.50

23.25

23.75

24.00

Calculate the average rate of reaction in the first 2 minutes. Kirakan kadar tindak balas purata dalam masa 2 minit

pertama.

Calculate the average rate of reaction in the second minute. Kirakan kadar tindak balas purata dalam minit kedua.

Calculate the instantaneous rate of reaction at 30 seconds. Kira kadar tindak balas pada masa tertentu dalam masa

30 saat.

Calculate the instantaneous rate of reaction at 90 seconds. Kira kadar tindak balas pada masa tertentu dalam masa

90 saat.



A graph of the volume of hydrogen gas liberated against time Graf isi padu gas hidrogen dibebaskan melawan masa



B FACTORS AFFECTING THE RATE OF REACTION Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas Activity 6: Factors affecting the rate of reaction. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. State five factors that affect the rate of reaction / Nyatakan lima faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak

balas: (a) ……………………………………………. (b) …………………………………………..

(c) ……………………………………………. (d) …………………………………………..

(e) …………………………………………….

Activity 7: What is catalyst? Apa itu pemangkin? State three characteristics of the catalyst / Nyatakan tiga ciri-ciri pemangkin:

1.

2.

3. Industrial applications of Catalysts Penggunaan mangkin di dalam aplikasi industri



Activity 8: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and concentration of reaction Bentuk lengkung bergantung kepada isi padu dan kepekatan tindak balas

Experiment

Initial rate of reaction Kadar tindak balas awal

Maximum volume of hydrogen gas

Isi padu maksimum gas

hidrogen

Graph

Set I 1 g of excess Zn powder + 50 cm3 of 0.10 mol dm-3 HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan

+ 50 cm3 0.10 mol dm

-3

HCl

Set II 1 g of excess Zn powder + 30 cm3 of 0.20 mol dm-3 HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan

+30 cm3 0.20 mol dm

-3

HCl

The initial rate of set I is l ………….. than that of set II. Kadar awal set I adalah

lebih ……………. daripada

set II.

This is because the concentration of HCl in set I is ……….. than that in set II. Kerana kepekatan HCl

dalam set I adalah lebih

…………….. daripada set

II.

Zinc is excess. zink berlebihan. Set I = ………………………….. Set II =…………………………… The number of mole HCl in set I is l ……… than that in set II. Bilangan mol HCl dalam set I

adalah lebih …………

daripada set II.

Hence, maximum volume of H2 released in set I is ……….. than that in set II. Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum

H2 dibebaskan dalam set I

adalah lebih ……….. daripada

set II.


+ 50 cm3 0.10 mol dm

-3

HCl

Set III 1 g of excess Zn powder + 150 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan

+ 150 cm3 0.05 mol dm

-3

HCl

The initial rate of set I is ………….. than that of set III. Kadar awal set I adalah

lebih ………….. daripada

set III.

This is because the concentration of HCl in set I is ………….. than that in set III. Kerana kepekatan HCl


………….. daripada set III.

Zinc is excess. zink berlebihan. Set I = …………………….. Set II = ………..……………. The number of mole HCl in set I is …………… than that in set III. Bilangan mol HCl dalam set I

adalah lebih ………………….

daripada set III.

Hence, maximum volume of H2 released in set I is ……………. than that in set III. Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum


adalah lebih …………………..

daripada set III.




+ 50 cm3 0.10 mol dm

-3

HCl

Set IV 1 g of excess Zn powder + 25 cm3 of 0.15 mol dm-3 HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan

+ 25 cm3 0.15 mol dm

-3

HCl

The initial rate of set I is ………….. than that of set IV. Kadar awal set I adalah

lebih ………….. daripada

set IV.

This is because the concentration of HCl in set I is ………….. than that in set IV. Kerana kepekatan HCl


………….. daripada set IV.

Zinc is excess. zink berlebihan. Set I = ………………………….. Set IV =…………………………… The number of mole HCl in set I is ………… than that in set IV. Bilangan mol HCl dalam set I

adalah lebih ………………

daripada set IV.

Hence, maximum volume of H2 released in set I is l ………… than that in set IV. Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum



daripada set IV.


+ 50 cm3 0.10 mol dm

-3

HCl

Set V 1 g of excess Zn powder + 100 cm3 of 0.05 mol dm-3 HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan

+ 100 cm3 0.05 mol dm

-3

HCl

The initial rate of set I is ………….. than that of set V. Kadar awal set I adalah

lebih …………..daripada

set V.

This is because the concentration of HCl in set I is ………….. than that in set V. Kerana kepekatan HCl


………….. daripada set V.

Zinc is excess. zink berlebihan. Set I = ………………………….. Set V =…………………………… The number of mole HCl in set I is ………… than that in set V. Bilangan mol HCl dalam set I


daripada set V.

Hence, maximum volume of H2 released in set I is l …………… than that in set V. Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum


adalah lebih ………………..

daripada set V.



Activity 9: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and temperature of reaction Bentuk lengkung bergantung kepada isi padu dan suhu tindak balas

Experiment

Initial rate of reaction Kadar tindak

balas awal Maximum volume of carbon dioxide

gas liberated Isi padu maksimum gas karbon dioksida

dibebaskan

Set I 3 g of excess marble chips + 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 nitric acid at temperature of 27.0oC 3 g ketulan marmar

berlebihan + 50 cm3 0.5

mol dm-3

asid nitrik

pada suhu 27.0oC

Set II 3 g of excess marble chips + 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 nitric acid in hot water bath a constant at temperature of 60.0oC 3 g ketulan marmar

berlebihan + 50 cm3 0.5

mol dm-3

asid nitrik

dalam air panas yang

tetap pada suhu 60.0oC

The initial rate of set I is l ………….. than that of set II. Kadar awal set I adalah lebih …………….

daripada set II.

This is because the temperature of the reaction for set I is ………………… than that for set II kerana suhu tindak balas bagi set I adalah

lebih ……………. daripada set II

Marble chips are excess. Ketulan marmar berlebihan. Set I = ………………………….. Set II =…………………………… Quantities of marble and nitric acid used, in mol, in both sets I and II are the ………………. Kuantiti marmar dan asid nitrik digunakan,

dalam mol, kedua-dua set I dan II adalah

...................

Hence, maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas liberated in both sets I and II are the …………… Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas karbon

dioksida dibebaskan dalam kedua-dua set I

dan II adalah ...............

Graph



Activity 10: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and catalyst of reaction Bentuk lengkung bergantung kepada isi padu dan pemangkin tindak balas

Experiment

Initial rate of reaction Kadar tindak

balas awal Maximum volume of hydrogen gas

liberated Isi padu maksimum gas hydrogen dibebaskan

Set I 2 g of granulated zinc + 25 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 of copper(II) sulphate solution. 2 g pasir zink + 25 cm

3

0.1 mol dm-3

larutan

kuprum (II) sulfat.

Set II 2 g of granulated zinc + cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric 2 g pasir zink + 25 cm

3

0.1 mol dm-3 hidroklorik

The initial rate of set I is l ………….. than that of set II. Kadar awal set I adalah lebih …………….

daripada set II.

This is because copper(II) sulphate solution in set I acts as a catalyst to speed up the reaction. kerana larutan kuprum (II) sulfat dalam

set I bertindak sebagai pemangkin untuk

mempercepatkan tindak balas

.The use of copper(II) sulphate as a catalyst does not change the amount of products formed. Penggunaan kuprum (II) sulfat sebagai

pemangkin tidak mengubah jumlah hasil

yang terbentuk.

Marble chips are excess. Ketulan marmar berlebihan. Set I = ………………………….. Set II =…………………………… Quantities of zinc and hydrochloric acid used, in mol, in both sets I and II are the ………………. Kuantiti zink dan asid hidroklorik digunakan,

dalam mol, kedua-dua set I dan II adalah

...................

Hence, maximum volume of hydrogen gas liberated in both sets I and II are the …………… Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas hidrogen

dibebaskan dalam kedua-dua set I dan II

adalah ...............

Graph



Activity 11: Solving problems involving the factors effecting the rate of reaction Penyelesaian masalah faktor-faktor yang melibatkan kadar tindak balas

Set Reacting condition / keadaan tindakan

I 5 g of excess zinc powder + 100 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid + 5 cm3 of 1 mol dm-3 copper(II) sulphate solution at room temperature 5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 100 cm

3 0.4 mol dm

-3 asid sulfurik + 5 cm

3 1 mol dm

-3 larutan kuprum

(II) sulfat pada suhu bilik

II 5 g of excess zinc powder + 50 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid at room temperature 5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 50 cm

3 0.4 mol dm

-3 asid sulfurik pada suhu bilik

III 5 g of excess zinc powder + 70 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid at room temperature 5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 70 cm

3 0.4 mol dm

-3 asid sulfurik pada suhu bilik

Sketch the graphs of volume of hydrogen gas liberated against time for sets I, II, and III on the same axes. Explain how you obtain your answer. Lakarkan graf isi padu gas hidrogen dibebaskan melawan masa untuk set I, II, dan III pada paksi yang sama.

Terangkan bagaimana anda mendapatkan jawapan tersebut.

Solution / penyelesaian: Step 1: Compare the yield / bandingkan hasil:

Set Mass of zinc / jisim zink Number of moles of sulphuric acid / bilangan mol asid sulfurik

I

II

III

Number of moles of sulphuric acid reacted in set …………. > ………….. > …………… Bilangan mol asid sulfurik bertindak balas dalam set

Hence, the maximum volume of hydrogen gas liberated in set ………… > ………… > ……….. Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas hidrogen dibebaskan dalam set

Step 2: Compare the rate / bandingkan tidak balas:

Set Surface area of zinc Luas permukaan zink

Concentration of hydrochloric acid / kepekatan asid hidroklorik

Catalyst / mangkin

I

II

III



Initial rate of reaction for set …… > set …… because of the pressure of catalyst in set …… Kadar tindak balas awal bagi set ......> set …...... kerana tekanan pemangkin dalam set ......

Initial rate of reaction for set …… > set …… because of the total surface area of zinc used in set ………….. is larger than that in set ………. Kadar tindak balas awal bagi set ......> set …...... kerana isi padu luas permukaan zink yang digunakan

dalam set .............. adalah lebih besar daripada set ..........

Hence, the initial of reaction for set ……... > set …….. . > set ……. Oleh itu, tindak balas awal bagi set .........> set ......... > set .......

This means that the initial gradient of the curve for set ……. > set ……. > set ……. Ini bermakna kecerunan awal lengkung bagi set ....... > set ....... > set .......

Step 3: sketch the graph / lakar graf: C COLLISION THEORY / TEORI PERLANGGARAN Activity 12: What is an Effective Collision / Apa itu Perlanggaran Berkesan? What is definition of Activation Energy / Takrifan bagi Tenaga Pengaktifan?

Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction/ lukis satu gambar rajah profil tenaga untuk tindak balas

Activation energy without a catalyst / Tenaga pengaktifan tanpa mangkin, Ea

Activation energy with a catalyst / Tenaga pengaktifan dengan mangkin, Ea’



Activity 13: Two sets of experiments are carried out as shows below: Dua set eksperimen yang telah dijalankan seperti di bawah:

Set I 1.0 g of granulated zinc is added to 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid at 27.0 oC Set II 1.0 g of zinc powder is added to 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid at 27.0 oC Set I 1.0 g ketulan zink ditambah kepada 20 cm

3 0.5 mol dm

-3 asid sulfurik pada 27.0

oC

Set II 1.0 g serbuk zink ditambah kepada 20 cm3 0.5 mol dm

-3 asid sulfurik pada 27.0

oC

The initial rate of liberation of hydrogen gas in set II is higher than that in Set I. Explain the difference in rate using the collision theory. Kadar awal pembebasan gas hidrogen dalam Set II adalah lebih tinggi daripada di Set I. Terangkan perbezaan

dalam kadar dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran.

[5 marks]

Particle size of zinc powder in Set II is …………….. than that of granulated zinc in Set I. Saiz Zarah serbuk zink di dalam Set II adalah lebih …………… daripada pasir zink di Set I.

Thus, the total exposed surface area of 1.0 g of zinc powder in Set II is ……………..than that of 1.0 g granulated zinc in Set I. Oleh itu, jumlah luas permukaan terdedah 1.0 g serbuk zink di dalam Set II adalah lebih …………………

daripada 1.0 g ketulan zink dalam Set I.

As a result, the frequency of collision between the hydrogen ions from sulphuric acid and the zinc atoms at the surfare of zinc powder in Set II is ………………. than that occurring at the surface of granulated zinc in Set I. Hasilnya, kekerapan perlanggaran antara ion-ion hidrogen daripada asid sulfurik dan atom zink di

surfare serbuk zink di dalam Set II adalah lebih ………………… daripada yang berlaku di permukaan pasir

zink di Set I.

This causes the frequency of effective collision between hydrogen ions and zinc atoms in Set II to be ………………….. than that in Set I. Ini menyebabkan kekerapan perlanggaran berkesan antara ion hidrogen dan atom zink dalam Set II lebih

………………… daripada yang di Set I.

Hence, the initial rate of liberated of hydrogen gas in Set II is ……………….. than that in Set I. Akhir, kadar awal bagi gas hidrogen yang dibebaskan dalam Set II adalah lebih ……………….. daripada

di Set I.

Summary: Teori Perlanggaran Frekuensi Perlanggaran Berkesan dengan Kadar Tindak Balas

Factors Faktor-faktor

Effecting Kesan

frequency of collision

Frekuensi Perlanggaran

frequency of effective collision

Frekuensi Perlanggaran

Berkesan

Rate of reaction

Kadar tindak balas

Saiz bahan tindak balas

Semakin kecil bahan, semakin luas jumlah permukaan yang terdedah kepada pelanggaran

Meningkat Meningkat Meningkat

Kepekatan larutan Semakin tinggi kepekatan larutan, semakin banyak bilangan zarah per unit isi padu


Suhu larutan Semakin tinggi suhu, semakin tinggi tenaga kinetik


Mangkin Mangkin menyediakan laluan alternative bagi tindak balas berlaku dengan merendahkan tenaga pengaktifan, Ea’




BAHAGIAN A SPM 2011

In an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction, 50.0 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution and 5.0 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3of sulphuric acid, are used. The sulphur formed can be used to measure the rate of reaction. Dalam satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindak balas, 50.0 cm

3 larutan natrium tiosulfat 2.0 mol dm

-3 dan 5.0

cm3

asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3

digunakan.Sulfur yang terbentuk boleh digunakan untuk mengukur kadar tindak

balas itu.

The equation for the reaction is given below. Persamaan tindak balas itu diberi di bawah. Na2S2O3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + SO4 + S + H2O

(a) What is the colour of sulphur? Apakah warna sulfur?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(b) The number of moles of a solute can be calculated using formula, n = MV.

[n= Number of moles of solute (mol), M= Molarity of solution (mol dm-3),

V= Volume of solution (dm3)]

Bilangan mol suatu zat terlarut boleh dihitung menggunakan rumus,n=MV.

n=Bilangan mol zat terlarut (mol, M= Kemolaran larutan (mol dm-3

),

V= isi padu larutan (dm3)]

Calculate / Hitung:

(i) The number of mole of sodium thiosulphate in the solution. Bilangan mol bagi natrium tiosulfat dalam larutan itu.

[1 mark] (ii) The number of mole of sulphuric acid. Bilangan mol bagi asid sulfurik.

[1 mark]



(c) Based on the answers in (b)(i) and (b)(ii),name the reactant which determines the quantity of sulphur formed at the end of the reaction.

Berdasarkan jawapan di (b)(i) dan (b)(ii), namakan bahan tindak balas yang

menentukan kuantiti sulfur yang terbentuk pada akhir tindak balas itu.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]

(d) (i) State three factors that can affect the rate of reaction in this experiment. Nyatakan tiga faktor yang boleh mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas itu dalam eksperimen ini.

1……………………………………………………………………………………………… 2……………………………………………………………………………………………… 3………………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

(ii) Using the collision theory, explain how any one of the factors in (d)(i) increases the rate of reaction.

Menggunakan teori perlanggaran,terangkan bagaimana mana-mana satu daripada

faktor di (d)(i) meningkatkan kadar tindak balas itu.

………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]



BAHAGIAN B SPM 2013

Diagram shows the energy profile diagram for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. Copper (II) sulphate solution is added to the reactants mixture to increase the rate of reaction. Rajah menunjukkan rajah profil tenaga bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik. Larutan

kuprum(II)sulfat ditambahkan kepada campuran bahan tindak balas untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas.

Diagram Rajah

(i) Which of the values r or s represents the activation energy for the reaction after adding copper(II) sulphate solution?

Antara nilai r atau s yang manakah yang mewakili tenaga pengaktifan bagi tindak balas itu selepas

penambahan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat? [1 markah]

(ii) By using collision theory,explain how copper(II) sulphate solution increase the rate of reaction. Dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran,terangkan bagaimana kuprum(II) sulfat meningkatkan kadar

tindak balas.

[4 markah] (iii) 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid and excess zinc are used in the reaction.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the volume of hydrogen gas released at room conditions.

[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition] 100 cm

3 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm

-3 dan zink berlebihan digunakan dalam tindak balas itu.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu pada gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan pada

keadaan bilik.

[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

[5 markah]

Products Hasil tindak balas

Reaction path Lintasan tindak balas

Reactants Bahan tindak balas

Energy tenaga _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

r

s

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _



(b) Table shows the information for three sets of experiment to investigate factors affecting the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. Jadual menunjukkan maklumat bagi tiga set eksperimen untuk menyiasat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar

tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dengan asid hidroklorik.

Experiment

Eksperimen

Reactants

Bahan tindak balas

Time taken to collect 40 cm3 carbon dioxide gas (s)

Masa yang diambil

untuk mengumpul 40

cm3 gas karbon

dioksida (s)

Set I 5 g calcium carbonate powder

5 g serbuk kalsium karbonat

50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3

hydrocloric acid

50 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1.0

mol dm-3

33

Set II 5 g calcium carbonate chip

5 g ketulan kalsium karbonat


hydrocloric acid


mol dm-3

45

Set III 5 g calcium carbonate

5 g serbuk kalsium karbonat


hydrocloric acid


mol dm-3

25

Table Jadual

Based on the information in Table, compare the rate of reaction between (i) Set I and Set II (ii) Set I and Set III By using the collision theory, explain your answers. Berdasarkan maklumat dalam Jadual, banding kadar tindak balas antara

(i) Set I dan Set II

(ii) Set I dan Set III

Dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran,terangkan jawapan anda

[10 markah]



BAHAGIAN C SPM 2012

A student carried out three sets of experiments to investigate the factors that affect the rate of reaction. Time taken to collect 40 cm3 of hydrogen gas is recorded in Table. Seorang pelajar menjalankan tiga set eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpul 40 cm3 gas hidrogen direkodkan dalam Jadual.

Set Reactant

Bahan tindak balas

Temperature of the mixture

Suhu campuran

Time taken to collect 40 cm3 of hydrogen

gas (s)

Masa yang diambil

untuk mengumpul 40

cm3 gas hidrogen (s)

I 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid

25 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm

-3

+

excess zinc powder

serbuk zink berlebihan

30oC

90

II 25 cm3 of 0.4 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid


-3

+

excess zinc powder


30oC

55

II 25 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid


-3

+

excess zinc powder


40oC

30

Table Jadual

(a) Zinc, Zn reacts with hydrochloric acid, HCI to produce zinc chloride, ZnCI2 and hydrogen gas, H2. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen

gas produced in set I. [Relative atomic mass: Zn =65; 1 mol of any gas occupies 24 dm3 mol-1 at room conditions] Zink, Zn bertindak balas dengan asid hidroklorik, HCI menghasilkan zink klorida, ZnCI2 dan gas hydrogen, H2.

Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu maksimum

gas hydrogen yang dihasilkan dalam set I.

[Jisim atom relatif: Zn =65; 1 mol bagi sebarang gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

[4markah]



(b) Based on Table, compare the rates of reaction Berdasarkan Jadual, bandingkan kadar tindak balas

(i) between set I and set II antara set I dan set II

(ii) between set I and set III antara set I dan set III

By referring to collision theory, explain your answer in (b)(i) or (b)(ii). Dengan merujuk kepada teori perlanggaran,terangkan jawapan anda di (b)(i) atau (b)(ii).

[6 markah]

(c) Catalyst and size of reactants can also affect the rate of reaction between acid and zinc. Choose one of these two factors and describe an experiment to show how this factor affects the rate of reaction. Mangkin dan saiz bahan tindak balas juga dapat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara asid dan zink. Pilih

satu daripada dua faktor ini dan huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menunjukkan bagaimana faktor ini dapat

mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

[10 markah]

Good Luck!

modul kimia one 2014/2015

Education