modul cemerlang kimia melaka gemilang spm 2014

33
Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 1 JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA ____________________________________________________________ PROGRAM KECEMERLANGAN AKADEMIK SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2014 CHEMISTRY MODUL KUMPULAN CEMERLANG Modul soalan ini mengandungi 33 halaman bercetak

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Modul ini disediakan oleh Panel Majlis Guru Cemerlang Negeri Melaka. Modul ini sesuai untuk kategori pelajar cemerlang. Semoga ia membantu guru dan pelajar dalam menghadapi SPM 2014.Selamat berjaya Calon SPM 2014

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 1

JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA

____________________________________________________________

PROGRAM KECEMERLANGAN AKADEMIK

SIJIL PELAJARAN MALAYSIA 2014

CHEMISTRY

MODUL KUMPULAN CEMERLANG

Modul soalan ini mengandungi 33 halaman bercetak

Page 2: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 2

MODULE 1

SECTION A

1 Figure 1 shows the graph temperature against time of solid substance X when heated. Substance

X is an organic compound and flammable.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan graf suhu melawan masa bagi suatu bahan pepejal X apabila dipanaskan.

Bahan X ialah sebatian organic dan mudah terbakar.

GRAPH 1

(a) Draw a diagram of the set-up of the apparatus used to determine the melting point of substance X.

Lukiskan rajah susunan radas yang digunakan untuk menentukan takat lebur bahan X.

[ 2 marks]

(b) (i) State the melting point of substance X

Nyatakan takat lebur bahan X

.................................................................................................................................. ……….

[ 1 mark]

Temperature / 0C

Time/s

80

30 360

P

Q R

S

Page 3: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 3

(ii) What is the state of matter of substance X at :

Apakah keadaan jirim bahan X pada:

PQ : ................................................................................................................................

RS : ...............................................................................................................................

[ 2 marks]

(iii) Explain why the temperature remains constant from Q to R?

Terangkan mengapa suhu kekal tetap dari Q dan R ?

.........................................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................................

[ 2 marks]

(iv) State how the movement of substance X particles changes between R and S

during heating.

Nyatakan bagaimana pergerakan zarah bahan X berubah antara R dan S semasa

pemanasan.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark]

(c) If substance X cooled to the room temperature without stirring, draw the graph of temperature

against time obtained.

Jika bahan X disejukkan pada suhu bilik tanpa memgacaunya, lukiskan graf suhu melawan masa

yang diperolehi.

[ 2 marks]

(d) Predict the substance X

Ramalkan bahan X

................................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark]

Page 4: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 4

2 Lactic acid is an acid produced in milk by bacteria, causes a sour taste. Table 2 shows the

percentage composition by mass of each element in lactic acid.

Asid laktik ialah asid yang dihasilkan dalam susu oleh bacteria, menyebabkan rasa masam.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan peratus komposisi mengikut jisim bagi setiap unsur dalam asid laktik.

Element

Unsur

Percentage

Peratus

Carbon 40.00

Hydrogen 6.67

Oxygen 53.33

TABLE 2

(a) Based on the information above, calculate the empirical formula of lactic acid.

Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, tentukan formula empirik asid laktik.

[Relative atomic mass : H = 1 ; C = 12 ; O = 16 ]

[ 3 marks]

(b) Relative molecular mass of lactic acid is 90. Determine the molecular formula of lactic acid.

Jisim molekul relatif bagi asid laktik ialah 90. Tentukan formula molekul bagi asid laktik.

[ 2 marks]

(c) Calculate the number of hydrogen atom in 1 mol of lactic acid?

Hitungkan bilangan atom hidrogen dalam 1 mol asid laktik ?

[ NA = 6.02 × 10 23

]

[ 1 mark]

(d) Calculate the number of moles of 4.5 g lactic acid.

Hitungkan bilangan mol dalam 4.5 g asid laktik

[Relative atomic mass : H = 1 ; C = 12 ; O = 16 ]

[ 1 mark]

Page 5: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 5

(e) Vinegar or ethanoic acid has a similar empirical formula with lactic acid.

Cuka atau asid ethanoik mempunyai formula empirik yang sama dengan asid laktik

(i) Given that three molecules of ethanoic acid have the same mass as two molecules of lactic

acid. What is the relative molecular mass of ethanoic acid?

Diberi tiga molekul asid ethanoik mempunyai jisim yang sama dengan dua molekul asid

laktik. Apakah jisim molekul relatif asid ethanoik.

[ 1 mark]

(ii) Determine the molecular formula of ethanoic acid.

Tentukan formula molekul asid ethanoik.

[ 2 marks]

3 Table 3 shows formula of four ions.

Jadual 3 menunjukkan formula bagi empat ion.

Name of ions

Nama ion

Silver ion

Ion argentum

Zinc ion

Ion zink

Nitrate ion

Ion nitrat

Chloride ion

Ion klorida

Formula of ions

Formula ion Ag

+ Zn

2+ NO3

- Cl

-

TABLE 3

(a) Write the formulae for each compound below :

Tuliskan formula bagi setiap sebatian di bawah:

(i) Silver nitrate / Argentum nitrat : ............................................................................

(ii) Zinc chloride / Zink klorida : ............................................................................

(iii) Silver chloride / argentums klorida : ............................................................................

(iv) Zinc nitrate / Zink nitrat : ............................................................................

[2 marks]

(b) When silver nitrate solution is added to zinc chloride solution, white precipitate, silver chloride

and zinc nitrate solution are formed.

Apabila larutan argentum nitrat ditambah kepada larutan zink klorida, pepejal putih, argentum

klorida dan larutan zink nitrat terbentuk.

(i) Identify the reactants and products of the reaction.

Kenal pasti bahan tindak balas dan hasil tindak balas dalam tindak balas ini.

Reactants/ Bahan tindak balas : ................................................................................

Products / Hasil tindak balas : ..................................................................................

[2 marks]

Page 6: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 6

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction occurs in (b).

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas di (b)

.......................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(c) The following equation shows the decomposition of silver nitrate by heat.

Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan penguraian argentum nitrat oleh haba.

2AgNO3 2Ag + 2NO2 + O2

If 85.0 g of silver nitrate is heated completely, calculate :

Jika 85.0 g argentum nitrat dipanaskan lengkap, hitungkan :

(i) the mass of silver formed.

jisim argentums yang terbentuk.

[ Relative atomic mass : N =14; O = 16; Ag =108 ]

[ 3 marks]

(ii) the volume of oxygen gas formed at room conditions.

isipadu oksigen yang terbentuk pada keadaan bilik.

[ Molar volume : 24 dm3 at room conditions]

[ 2 mark

Page 7: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 7

SECTION B

4 (a) Matter is made up of tiny and discrete particles.

Jirim terdiri daripada zarah yang halus dan diskrit.

(i) What is meant by matter?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan jirim ?

[ 1 mark]

(ii) State three types of particle that made up matter.

Nyatakan tiga jenis zarah yang membina jirim.

[ 3 marks]

(b)

Based on the above situation, explain what happen refering to the kinetic theory of matter.

Berdasarkan situasi di atas, terangkan apa yang berlaku berdasarkan teori kinetic jirim.

[ 2 marks]

(c) (i) Describe the experiment to determine the freezing point or the melting point of naphthalene

Huraikan eksperimen bagi menentukan takat beku atau takat lebur bagi naftalena.

(ii) Draw a labelled diagram of the experiment.

Lukiskan gambarajah berlabel bagi eksperimen itu.

[ 14 marks]

5 (a) What is meant by the empirical formula ?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan formula empirik ?

[ 1 mark]

(b)

The colour of oxide M is green

Warna oksida M ialah hijau

Metal M is grey

Logam M berwarna kelabu

Oxide M can be reduced to metal M when heated with hydrogen

Oksida M boleh diturunkan kepada logam M apabila dipanaskan

dengan hidrogen

(i) Draw the labelled diagram of the experiment.

Lukiskan gambarajah berlabel bagi ekperimen ini.

(ii) Describe the experiment conducted to determine the empirical formula of oxide M.

State the observation and precuationary steps taken in your experiment. Also show all the

calculation steps to get the empirical formula.

Huraikan satu ekperimen bagi menentukan formula empirik oksida M.

Nyatakan pemerhatian dan langkah berjaga-jaga yang perlu diambil.

Tunjukkan juga langkah-langkah pengiraan bagi mendapatkan formula empirik

tersebut.

You are shopping at the 2nd

floor of the shopping mall.

Suddenly you smell the delicious aroma of cookies being bake.

When you look down, there is the Famous Amos Cookies stall

on the first floor.

Anda membeli belah di tingkat dua bangunan pusat membeli

belah. Tiba-tiba anda terhidu aroma yang lazat biskut yang

sedang dibakar. Apabila anda menoleh ke bawah, terdapat

kedai biskut ‘Famous Amos’ di tingkat pertama.

Page 8: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 8

(iii) Write the chemical equation of the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

[ Relative atomic mass : O = 16 ; metal M = 24 ]

[ 16 marks]

(c) The empirical formula of oxide M cannot be determine by heating oxide M with magnesium.

Explain why?

Formula empirik bagi oksida M tidak dapat ditentukan dengan cara memanaskan oksida M

dengan magnesium. Terangkan mengapa ?

[ 3 marks]

Page 9: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 9

MODULE 2

SECTION A

1. Table 1 shows three elements , M, N and Q and their proton number and nucleon number

respectively.

Jadual 1 menunjukkan tiga unsur, M, N dan Q dan nombor proton serta nombor nukleon

masing-masing.

Table 1

(a) State the nucleon number of Q if the number of neutron is 20.

Nyatakan nombor nukleon bagi Q jika bilangan neutron ialah 20.

……………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

(b) (i) What is the number of electron in an atom M?

Apakah bilangan elektron bagi atom M?

....…………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Write the electron arrangement for atom N.

Tuliskan susunan elektron bagi atom N

……………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ]

(iii) State the group of the above elements in periodic table ?

Nyatakan kumpulan bagi unsur-unsur di atas dalam jadual berkala ?

…………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

(c ) State two physical properties of the elements above.

Nyatakan dua sifat fizik bagi unsure-unsur di atas.

……………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………….

[ 2 marks ]

(d) In an experiment , an element M was burnt and put into a gas jar of chlorine gas. The

experiment was repeated by using an element N.

Dalam satu eksperimen, unsur M dibakar dan diletakkan ke dalam balang gas yang berisi

gas klorin. Eksperimen diulangi menggunakan unsur N.

(i) Write the equation for the reaction between element M and chlorine gas.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas unsur M dan gas klorin.

…………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ]

Element

Unsur

Proton number

Nombor proton

Nucleon number

Nombor nukleon

M 3 7

N 11 23

Q 19 -

Page 10: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 10

(ii) Compare the reactivity of reaction between element M and element N with

chlorine gas. Explain your answer.

Bandingkan kereaktifan tindak balas antara unsur M dan unsur N dengan

klorin. Terangkan jawapan anda.

………………………………………………………………………………

……………….………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks ]

2. Figure 2 shows part of the Periodic Table of Elements. 1, 2, 3 … 18 represent proton number.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada Jadual Berkala Unsur. 1, 2, 3 … 18 mewakili

nombor proton.

1

2

3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

11

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Figure 2

(a) P and R react to form a compound.

P dan Q bertindak balas membentuk sebatian.

. (i) State the type of compound formed.

Nyatakan jenis sebatian yang terbentuk.

……………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

[ 2 marks ]

(iii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between P and R.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara P dan R.

………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

(iv) The compound formed can conduct electricity in aqueous and molten state.

Explain why?

Sebatian yang terbentuk boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik dalam keadaan larutan

dan leburan. Terangkan mengapa ?

…………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

P R

Q

Page 11: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 11

(b) Q and R also react to form a compound.

Q dan R juga bertindak balas membentuk sebatian.

(i) State the type of bond formed.

Nyatakan jenis ikatan yang terbentuk

…………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Write the formula for the compound formed.

Tuliskan formula sebatian yang terbentuk.

…………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

(iii) Draw the electron arrangement for the compound formed.

Lukiskan susunan elektron bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

[ 2 marks ]

(iv) State one physical property of the compound.

Nyatakan satu sifat fizik bagi sebatian yang terbentuk.

…………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

3. Bromine is below Chlorine in The Periodic Table .

Bromin terletak di bawah klorin dalam Jadual Berkala.

(a) (i) State the number of valence electron in bromine atom?

Nyatakan bilangan elektron valens dalam atom bromine ?

……………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) State which group bromine is belong to.

Nyatakan kumpulan bromin berada dalam jadual berkala.

………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

(b) (i) Write the molecular formula of bromine molecule.

Tuliskan formula molekul bagi molekul bromin

……………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1mark ]

Page 12: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 12

(ii) What is the physical state of bromine at room temperature ?

Apakah keadaan fizik bromin pada suhu bilik ?

……………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

(c ) Chlorine react with water to form acids.

Klorin bertindak balas dengan air membentuk asid.

(i) Name the acids formed.

Namakan aisd-asid yang terbentuk.

…………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.

…………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

(d) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between chlorine and iron.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara klorin dan besi.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

(e) Compare the reactivity of chlorine and bromine. Explain your answer.

Bandingkan kereaktifan klorin dan bromine. Terangkan jawapan anda.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

……………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 5 marks ]

Page 13: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 13

SECTION B

4 (a) Table 4 shows three elements and their proton number respectively.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan tiga unsur dan nombor proton masing-masing.

TABLE 4

Using the information in the Table 4 , explain how

Menggunakan maklumat dalam Jadual 4, terangkan bagaimana

(i) ionic bond and

ikatan ion dan

(ii) covalent bond

ikatan kovalen

formed.

terbentuk.

[13 marks]

(b) Describe an experiment to differentiate ionic compound and covalent compound in terms

of electrical conductivity.

Huraikan satu eksperimen bagi membezakan sebatian ion dan sebatian kovalen dari segi

kekonduksian elektrik.

[7 marks]

5 (a) Explain the following:

Terangkan yang berikut:

(i) The reactivity of group 1 element increases going down the group.

Kereaktifan unsure kumpulan 1 meningkat menuruni kumpulan

(ii) The electronegativity of elements increases when going across

a period from left to right.

Keelektronegatifan unsur-unsur meningkat apabila merentasi kala dari kiri

ke kanan.

[9 marks]

(b) Transition elements are elements from Group 3 to Group 12 of the Periodic Table.

Unsur peralihan ialah unsur-unsur dari Kumpulan 3 hingga Kumpulan12 jadual Berkala.

(i) Name two transition element.

Namakan dua unsur peralihan.

(ii) State four special characteristics of transition elements.

Nyatakan empat ciri-ciri istimewa unsur-unsur peralihan

[6 marks]

Element

Unsur

Proton number

Nombor proton

Carbon

Karbon

6

Sodium

Natrium

11

Chlorine

Klorin

17

Page 14: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 14

(c) Proton number of element M is 19. State the group and period of element M in Periodic

Table. Explain your answer

Nombor proton bagi unsure M iala 19. Nyatakan kumpulan dan kala bagi unsur M dalam

Jadual Berkala. Terangkan jawapan anda.

[5 marks]

SECTION C

3

Using the suitable materials and apparatus, plan a labotary experiment to compare

the electrical conductivity between the compounds of X and Y.

Your explaination should include all the followings:

Menggunakan bahan dan radas yang sesuai, rancang suatu eksperimen makmal bagi

membandingkan kekonduksian elektrik antara sebatian X dan Y.

Penerangakan anda perlu merangkumi perkara-perkara berikut :

(a) Statement of the problem

Pernyataan masaalah

(b) Hypothesis

Hipotesis

(c) All the variables

Semua pembolehubah

(d) List of materials and apparatus

Senarai bahan dan radas

(e) Procedure

Prosedur

(f) Tabulation of data

Penjadualan data

[ 18 marks ]

A student is given an ionic compound X and covalent compound Y.

Seorang pelajar diberi sebatian ion X dan sebatian kovalen Y

Page 15: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 15

MODULE 3

SECTION A

1 Figure 1.1 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of molten lead(II)

bromide.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji elektrolisis leburan plumbum(II) bromide.

(a) Based on Figure 1.1, identify :

Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, tentukan

Anode / anod : ……………………… and cathode / dan katod : ……………………………...

[ 1 mark]

(b) Write the formulae for the ions present in molten lead(II) bromide.

Tuliskan formula bagi ion-ion yang hadir dalam plumbum(II) bromide

………………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark]

(c) State the ion that is attracted to the :

Nyatakan ion yang tertarik ke :

(i) X : …………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark]

(d) In Figure 1.2 below, draw arrows ( → ) to show the movement of ions in (c).

Pada Rajah 1.2 di bawah, lukiskan tanda ( → ) bagi menunjukkan pergerakan ion-ion di (c)

[ 2 marks]

+ _

Positive ion

Negative ion

+

_

_

_

_

_

+

+ + +

X Y

FIGURE 1.2

Molten lead(II) bromide

A

Carbon electrode Y

Bunsen burner

Crucible

Mangkuk pijar

FIGURE 1.1

Molten lead(II) bromide

Leburan plumbum(II) bromida

Carbon electrode X

Page 16: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 16

(e) Write the half equations of the reaction at electrode :

Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di elektrod:

(i) X : …………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 2 marks]

(f) What would you observe at electrode :

Apakah yang diperhatikan di elektrod:

(i) X : …………………………………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Y : …………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 2 marks]

2 Figure 2 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of a dilute aqueous sodium

chloride solution using carbon electrodes.

Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji elektrolisis larutan natrium klorida cair

menggunakan elektrod karbon.

(a) What is meant by cation?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan kation?

................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(b) What is the energy change that occurs in the electrolysis process?

Apakah perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam proses elektrolisis?

................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(c) (i) State all the ions present in the electrolyte.

Nyatakan semua ion-ion yang hadir dalam elektrolit.

..................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

Electrode P

Electrode Q

Dilute sodium chloride solution

Larutan natrium klorida cair

A

FIGURE 2

Page 17: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 17

(ii) In the table below, write the formulae of the ions in (c) (i) which moved to

electrodes P and Q.

Dalam jadual di bawah, tuliskan formula bagi ion-ion di (c)(i) yang bergerak ke

elektrod P dan Q.

Electrode P Electrode Q

[2 marks]

(d) Name the gas collected in the test tube at electrodes P and Q.

Namakan gas yang terkumpul dalam tabung uji di elektrod P dan Q.

Electrode P Electrode Q

[2 marks]

(e) If a concentrated sodium chloride solution is used in the above electrolysis, name the gas

collected in the test tube at electrode Q. Explain why?

Jika larutan natrium klorida pekat digunakan dalam elektrolisis di atas, namakan gas

yang dikumpulkan di tabung uji pada elektrod Q. Terangkan jawapan anda ?

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

3 Figure 3 represents a Daniell cell where strips of copper and zinc are used.

Rajah 3 mewakili Sel Daniel di mana kepingan kuprum dan zink digunakan.

(a) State the metal which acts as

Nyatakan logam yang bertindak sebagai

positive terminal : ……………………… and negative terminal : ………………………..

terminal positif dan terminal negatif

[ 1 mark]

Zinc strip

Kepingan zink

Copper strip

Kepingan kuprum

Zinc sulphate solution

Larutan zink sulfat

Copper(II) sulphate solution

Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

Porous pot

Pasu berliang

FIGURE 3

Page 18: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 18

(b) In Figure 3, draw arrows ( → ) to show the the direction of the flow of electrons.

Dalam Rajah 3, lukiskan tanda ( → ) untuk menunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron.

[ 1 mark]

(c) What is the energy change that occurs in the cell?

Apakah perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel?

................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(d) What is the function of the porous pot?

Apakah fungsi pasu berliang ?

................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(e) Write the half equations of the reaction take place at :

Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di:

(i) positive terminal / terminal positif : …………………………………………………

(ii) negative terminal / terminal negatif : …………………………………………………

[ 2 marks]

(f) After 30 minutes, what is the colour change of the copper(II) sulphate solution?

Explain why.

Selepas 30 minit, apakah perubahan warna larutan kumpum(II) sulfat.

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

(g) The voltage of the cell in Figure 3 is 1.1 V. If the zinc strip is replaced by magnesium

ribbon and dipped in magnesium sulphate solution, predict the voltage of the cell formed.

Explain why.

Voltan bagi sel dalam Rajah 3 ialah 1.1 V. Jika kepingan zink diganti dengan pita

magnesium dan direndam dalam larutan magnesium sulfat, ramalkan voltan bagi sel

terbentuk.

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

Page 19: Modul Cemerlang Kimia Melaka Gemilang SPM 2014

Modul Kecemerlangan Akademik SPM 2014 19

SECTION B

4 (a) (i) State two factors that influence the selective discharge of ions during the electrolysis of an

aqueous solution.

Nyatakan dua faktor yang mempengaruhi pemilihan discas ion-ion bagi elektrolisis larutan

akueus.

[ 2 marks]

(ii) By using one of the factors that you state in (a) (i), describe a laboratory experiment to

show the effect of the factor.

Your answer should consist of the following :

Dengan menggunakan satu faktor yang dinyatakan di (a)(i), huraikan suatu eksperimen

makmal bagi mengkaji kesan satu faktor tersebut.

Jawapan anda perlu mengandungi perkara berikut.

Chemical required

Bahan kimia yang diperlukan

Procedures of the experiment

Prosedur eksperimen

Diagram showing the set-up of apparatus

Gambarajah susunan radas

Half equation involved in the reaction at each electrodes

Setengah persamaan yang melibatkan tindak balas di elektrod

Result / Observation

Keputusan/Pemermatian

[ 13 marks]

(b) Table 4 shows the result obtained from a series of experiments to arrange zinc, copper and

magnesium in Electrochemical Series.

Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan bagi satu siri eksperimen untuk menyusun zink, kuprum dan

magnesium dalam Siri Elektrokimia

Experiment

Eksperimen

Procedure

Prosedur

Observations

Pemerhatian

I

Zinc metal is added to copper(II)

sulphate solution

Logam zink ditambah ke dalam

larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

Brown solids are deposited. The

intensity of the blue colour of the

solution decreases.

Pepejal perang terenap. Keamatan

warna biru larutan berkurang

II

Zinc metal is added to magnesium

sulphate solution

Logam zink ditambah ke dalam

larutan magnesium sulfat.

No change

Tiada perubahan

III

Magnesium metal is added to

copper(II) sulphate solution

Logam magnesium ditambah ke

dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

Brown solids are deposited. The

intensity of the blue colour of the

solution decreases.

Pepejal perang terenap. Keamatan

warna biru larutan berkurang.

TABLE 4

(i) Explain these observations of Experiment I and II.

Terangkan pemerhatian bagi Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II

[ 4 marks]

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(ii) Based on the result obtained in Table 4, arrange the metal zinc, copper and magnesium in

descending order of the Electrochemical Series.

Berdasarkan keputusan yang diperolehi dalam Jadual 4, susun logam zink, kuprum dan

magnesium berdasarkan susunan menurun dalam Siri Elektrokimia

[ 1 mark]

5 (a) (i) What is meant by the Electrochemical Series?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan Siri Elektrokimia?

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) State three uses of the Electrochemical Series.

Nyatakan tiga kegunaan Siri Elektrokimia

[ 3 marks]

(b) Table 5.1 shows the result obtained from a series of experiments to arrange metal T, U, V and W

in Electrochemical Series.

Jadual 5.1 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi daripada beberapa eksperimen untuk

menyusun logam T, U, V dan W dalam Siri Elektrokimia.

Experiment

Eksperimen

Metal pair

Pasangan logam

Voltage (V)

Voltan(V)

Positive terminal

Terminal positif

I T and U 1.6 T

II U and W 2.0 W

III V and W 0.8 V

TABLE 5.1

(i) Draw a diagram to show the set-up of apparatus of Experiment I .

Lukiskan gambarajah susunan radas bagi Eksperimen I

[ 2 marks]

(ii) Explain how you can arrange the order of these metals in the Electrochemical Series.

Terangkan bagaimana anda boleh menyusun logam-logam tersebut dalam Siri Elektrokimia

[ 6 marks]

(c) Figure 5.2 shows two types of cell.

Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan dua jenis sel

.

Compare and contrast cell X and cell Y. Your answer should include the observations and

half equations for the reactions at the electrodes in both cells.

Banding dan bezakan sel X dan sel Y. Jawapan anda perlu merangkumi pemerhatian and

setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di elektrod-elektod kedua-dua sel.

[ 8 marks]

Silver plate

Kepingan argentum

Silver nitrate

solution

Larutan argentum

nitrat

P Q R S

FIGURE 5.2

Silver plate

Kepingan argentum

Cell X

Magnesium

ribbon

Pita

magnesium

Cell Y

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MODUL 4

SECTION A

1. Diagram 1 shows the preparation of standard solution of potassium hydroxide, 0.1 mol dm-3

.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan penyediaan larutan piawai bagi kalium hidroksida, 0.1 mol dm-3

(a) What is meant by the standard solution ?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan larutan piawai ?

…………….……………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

(b) Calculate the mass of potassium hydroxide, KOH needed to make 250 cm3 solution with

concentration 0.1 mol dm-3

. [ Relative atomic mass: K, 39; O,16; H, 1]

Hitungkan jisim kalium hidroksida, KOH yang diperlukan bagi menyediakan 250 cm3 larutan

kalium hidroksida 0.1 mol dm-3

[ 2 marks ]

Diagram 1

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(c) After all the potassium hydroxide is poured into the volumetric flask, the beaker must be

rinsed several times with distilled water. After each rinse, all the water is tranferred into the

volumetric flask.

Give one reason for doing this?

Setelah semua kalium hidroksida dituang ke dalam kelalang isipadu, bikar perlu dibilas

beberapa kali dengan air suling. Setiap kali bilasan, semua air bilasan perlu dipindahkan ke

kelalang isipadu.

Berikan satu sebab langkah ini dilakukan?

…………..………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

(d) Why is the distilled water is added drop by drop?

Mengapakah air suling ditambah setitik demi setitik?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ]

(e) What step should be taken to make sure that the meniscus level of the standard solution is

exactly in line with the graduation mark on the volumetric flask?

Apakah langkah yang perlu diambil bagi memastikan aras miniskus bagi larutan piawai

adalah setara dengan tanda sengatan pada kelalang isipadu?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 1 mark ]

(f) A volumetric flask is more suitable to be used in the preparation of the standard solution

rather than a beaker. Why?

Kelalang isipadu adalah lebih sesuai digunakan dalam penyediaan larutan piawai

berbanding bikar. Mengapa ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

(g) Why do you need to shake the solution after all the water had been added?

Mengapa anda perlu mengoncang larutan setelah semua air ditambahkan?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ]

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2. Diagram 5 shows Experiment I and II in the preparation of salt.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan Eksperimen I dan II bagi penyediaan garam.

Experiment

Eksperimen

Method

Kaedah

I

II

(a) State one observation in Experiment I at the end point.

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam Eksperimen I pada takat akhir.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

(b) Based on Experiment II :

Berdasarkan eksperimen II,

(i) State one observation.

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) State the reason why copper(II) carbonate are added in excess.

Nyatakan satu sebab mengapa kuprum(II) karbonat ditambahkan berlebihan.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ]

50.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm

-3 sulphuric

acid

50.0 cm3 larutan asid sulfurik

0.1 mol dm-3

10.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm

-3

sulphuric acid

10.0 cm3 larutan asid sulfurik

0.1 mol dm-3

20.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm

-3 sodium

hydroxide + phenolphthalein

20.0 cm3 larutan natrium

hidroksida 0.1 mol dm-3

+

phenolftalin

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(ii) Explain how the excess copper(II) carbonate can be separated from the products.

Terangkan bagaimana kuprum(II) karbonat yang berlebihan dapat diasingkan daripada hasil

tindak balas.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ]

(iv) Write the chemical equation for the reaction taking place.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlakau.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks ]

(v) Calculate the maximum mass of salt, CuSO4 formed.

Hitungkan jisim maksimum garam CuSO4 yang terbentuk.

[ Relative atomic mass : O,16; S,32 ; Cu,64 ]

[ 3 marks]

(c) If the sulphuric acid in Experiment I is replaced by hydrochloric acid of the same

concentration. Predict the volume of hydrochloric acid required.

Jika asid sulfurik dalam Eksperimen I digantikan dengan asid hidriklorik yang sama

kepekatannya, ramalkan isipadu asid hidroklorik yang digunakan.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark ]

(d) State one difference in the method between two experiments

Nyatakan satu perbezaan dalam kaedah penyediaan garam kedua-dua eksperimen.

Experiment I Experiment II

[ 1 marks ]

(e) Name the type of reaction in Experiment I .

Namakan jenis tindak balas dalam Eksperimen I

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

(f) Name another method for preparation of salt other than Experiment I and II.

Namakan kaedah lain bagi penyediaan garam selain daripada eksperimen I dan II

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[ 1 mark ]

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SECTION B

3. (a) What is the meaning of weak acid?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan asid lemah

[ 2 marks]

(b) What is the role of water for acid to show its properties? Explain.

Apakah peranan air bagi menunjukkan sifat-sifat asid? Terangkan

[ 3 marks]

(c) Explain three simple experiments to show the properties of acid.

Terangkan tiga eksperimen mudah bagi menunjukkan sifat asid

[ 9 marks]

(b) The following information is about hydrochloric acid and ethanoic acid.

Berikut ialah maklumat bagi asid hidroklorik dan asid ethanoik

Explain why these solution have different pH values.

Terangkan mengapa larutan tersebut mempunyai nilai pH yang berbeza.

[ 6 marks]

4. Diagram 4 shows two reagent bottles each containing an aqueous solution.

Rajah 4 menunjukkan dua botol reagen setiap satu mengandungi larutan akueus

Qualitative analysis can be used to determine the presence of cations and anions in solutions.

Describe chemical test that can be used to verify the ions in each solution.

Analisa kualitatif boleh digunakan untuk menentukan kehadiran kation dan anion dalam larutan.

Huraikan ujian kimia yang boleh digunakan untuk mengesahkan ion-ion dalam setiap larutan

[ 10 marks]

Diagram 4

The pH of 1 mol dm-3

hydrochloric acid solution is 1

pH bagi 1 mol dm-3

larutan asid hidroklorik ialah 1

The pH of 1 mol dm-3

ethanoic acid solution is 4

pH bagi 1 mol dm-3

larutan asid ethanoik ialah 4

Nitric Acid

Acid Nitrik

Ammonium

chloride

Ammonium

klorida

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(b) A pupil carried out an experiment to investigate the chemical changes that occur to barium

chloride as a result of reaction P. The result of the experiment is shown in diagram 5

Seorang pelajar menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji perubahan kimia yang berlaku pada

barium klorida hasil daripada tindak balas P

(i) The chemical equation for reaction P is as follows:

Persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas P ialah seperti berikut:

BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl

Excess sodium sulphate is added to 50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm

-3 barium chloride.

Given the molecular mass of BaSO4 = 233

Sodium sulfat berlebihan ditambah kepada 50 cm3 larutan barium klorida 0.5 mol dm

-3

(i) Calculate the mass of barium sulphate formed.

Hitungkan jisim barium sulfat yang terbentuk

[ 3 marks ]

(ii) Describe the experiment how to make the dry barium sulphate in the laboratory.

Huraikan satu eksperimen bagi menyediakan barium sulfat kering dalam makmal.

[ 7 marks ]

Diagram 5

Larutan

natrium sulfat / Larutan

barium klorida

/ Larutan natrium klorida

/ Mendakan barium sulfat

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5 (a) What is meant by salt.

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan garam ?

[2 marks]

(b) Figure 5 shows an incomplete flow chart of cation and anion tests for salt Y.

Rajah 5 menunjukkan carta aliran yang tidak lengkap bagi ujian anion dan kation

garam Y

FIGURE 5

Complete the flow chart to confirm that salt Y contains Fe3+ ions and CO3

2-

ions. Your unswer should include observations.

Lengkapkan carta aliran tersebut bagi mengesahkan ujian bahawa garam Y

mengandungi ion Fe3+ ions dan ion CO3

2-

[8 marks]

(c) You are required to prepare dry Aluminium chloride salt. The chemicals supplied are

Anda dikehendaki menyediakan garam Aluminium klorida yang kering. Bahan-bahan

kimia yang dibekalkan ialah

Aluminium sulphate solution / Larutan aluminium sulfat

Dilute hydrochloric acid / Asid hidroklorik cair

Sodium carbonate solution / Larutan natrium karbonat

Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare that salt. In your description, include the

chemical equations involved.

Huraikan satu eksperimen makmal bagi menyediakan garam tersebut. Dalam huraian

anda, nyatakan persamaan kimia yang terlibat.

[10 marks]

Salt Y

Cation test Anion test

Fe3+

CO32-

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CONTOH SOALAN-SOALAN KBAT

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5.

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KERTAS MODUL TAMAT

Sumbangan: Panel-Q, Majlis Guru Cemerlang Negeri Melaka

6.