mingalar garden

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Best Practice on Energy Efficiency & Conservation

of

Mingalar Garden Resort in Myanmar

SEMINAR ON PROMOTION OF ENERGY

EFFICIENCY AND CONSERVATION FOR

BUILDINGS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

School of Design and Environment,

National University of Singapore

24th January 2008, Singapore

Presented by

U Win KhaingGeneral Secretary

Myanmar Engineering Society (MES)

(First Prize Winner of EE&C Best Practice Tropical Building)

For(2007)


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ASEAN Energy Awards Night 23rdAugust 2007

(First Prize Winner of EE&C Best Practice Tropical Building)For (2007)


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OVERALL ON-SITE DESIGN

Pyay, 280 kilometers north-west from Yangon is near the

ancient city Srikhittaya of 4th century AD and the ancient

monument Phayagyi of 4th. Century AD is so near to

Mingalar Garden Resort.


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OVERALL ON-SITE DESIGN


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Pyay, where Mingalar Garden Resort situates is a

large town in hot and dry climate zone in Myanmar.

Its maximum temperature is 44 in May.

Fortunately the site area where Mingalar Garden

Resort constructed is a low land and there are

natural spring resources forming spring ponds and

overflowing into the surrounding areas. With

abundance of spring water resource this areabecame forest with varieties of flora and fauna as an

oasis in the desert.


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This natural environment as an advantage to create the

best tropical and energy efficient buildings of Mingalar

Garden Resort.

8 Hectares site of this resort area is surrounded by total

22 Hectares of natural forest, spring ponds, flora andfauna and mini golf course The resort complex consists

18 Standard rooms and 31 Superior rooms.

All the bedrooms are placed in the spring ponds and

connected by the timber decking walkways above the

spring ponds.

Since the spring water is always flowing, the waterareas are fresh and clean. All the bedrooms are one

storey buildings and shaded by nearby trees to protect

from the direct sunlight.


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Dining halls are placed along the bank and projected

into the biggest spring pond to have the breeze

across the pond as the halls have only roof and

handrails on timber deck dining areas.

Walkway along the dining halls and reception hall isrestricted to motor vehicles and perforated with

square shape grass areas to reduce sun light

radiation and dust pollution. A large function hall is

separated with bedroom areas by a large spring pond

and green


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The design concept was to create comfort in hot anddry conditions with natural environment of cool and

clean spring ponds and the breeze across them. Tall

and green trees are to act as umbrella, balancing

daylight and shading the one story buildings.

The beautiful landscape with clean spring ponds and

greenery will create a fresh and pleasantenvironment providing comfort for visitors to walk

from one building to another building, thus reducing

the use of cars and avoiding the noise and air

pollution. Thus the Mingalar Garden Resort has

minimized energy consumption and optimised the

natural environment to maximize the energyefficiency result.


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PASSIVE DESIGN

The building was designed for energy saving manner,

in trying to meet the existing site condition and the

client's needs.

Site preparation

Natural Landscape and trees are preserved as much as

possible.

Upgrade the existing ecosystem by transforming

swamps into clean lake filled with natural potable spring

water.

The buildings are located in the middle of the site at a

comfortable distance from the site bounding on all sides

so that noise and air pollution from the roads and

neighboring activities are buffered.


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Fish are bred in the lake to reduce insect breeding

such as mosquitoes.

The continuously coming out water from the ground

has advantages to keep it as flowing water by is

draining out the overflow water into the nearbystream.


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Building design

All guest rooms are placed around and in between

the lake, so cool air passing through the water

surface help cooling.The whole site is virtually covered by green grass

and big trees, it is significantly cooler than other

places in Pyay.

Only the sleeping areas are air-conditioned which is

required the whole year round except 2-3 winter

months to meet comfort condition.Bath rooms have comfortable temperature without

using air-conditioning system because of using less

glazing and more mass areas.

The buildings are carefully placed to enjoy greenery

and the ponds for the visual comfort and also the

thermal comfort. Besides, the distance betweenthem also helps the buildings to get nice breeze

passing through the pond.


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The timber walkways connected to the buildings

are elevated from the ground without disturbing the

natural lake and the plants.

The guest room units are designed to be with

minimum required space. Consequently, it

contributes to reducing materials and energy

resource usages as well as the cooling load and

the environmental impact.


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Natural lighting is sufficiently available in each none

of the rooms requires artificial lighting at day time for

general purposes.

The building uses lots of timber finishes which are

locally acquired in its property of having low heat

storage capacity and low conductivity which suit thiskind of hot tropical climate.

The open air dining units are made of only timberframe structure and bamboo mat roof which have

low embodied energy, biodegradable.


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The ceiling and the counter at the reception area

are also made of bamboo which is also

abundantly available in the surrounding.

The guest rooms facing the pond are designed

with private gardens attached to keep the

windows opened in winter months when outside

temperature is fair to enjoy natural ventilation

without sacrificing privacy.

This design feature solves the barrier of privacyissue to use natural ventilation in sleeping area.

By mean of the large window on the garden side,

cool air coming through the landscape area

enters to the room, carries hot air away through

the high level of the opening and leaving the

building with fresh cool air in winter.


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ACTIVE DESIGN

Mechanical Ventilation System

Mechanical ventilation are provided to all areaswhere there is no air-conditioning and where

natural means of ventilation are not available.

M&E plant rooms

Electrical switch room and pump room are

ventilated with supply and exhaust fans system

and produce a ventilation rate of 6 air changes per

hour.


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Water resource

The underground water is extracted by its own

pressure through a tube up to the tank located on

ground without using any energy. This is just the

use of natural mean to save pumping energy we

by taking advantages of the site.

Only the process of pumping water from the

ground tank to the overhead tank needs energy.

The water are then distributed to the whole site bygravity feed.


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Hot water production

Hot water required was at first produced by own

invention of heated looped GI pipes where cool

water moves down and hot water goes up to the

overhead tank by circulating by itself without using

any energy.

The only energy used is that needed at heat up the

GI pipes in which the paddy husk disposed as waste

from the neighboring rice mills is used as fuel. By

using this kind of reused waste as an alternative

energy also reduce environmental impact resulting

from fossil fuel.

Recently, hot water demand is increasing as more

guest rooms are built. therefore an additional boiler

was installed. In that case an old model boiler from

an unused factory is reused in stead of buying a new

one. It also is heated by burning paddy husk andwater in the overhead tank is heated by mean of

steams coming out of the boiler.


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The boiler is heat up only once a day and the hot

water in the overhead tank is kept warm fill the

next day by insulating the tank by thick layer of

paddy husk.

In some guest rooms hot water is supplied from

specially designed water storage tanks heated by

sun light at day time which can maintain the hot

water until the next day. In future all the guest

rooms will be supplied hot water by this mean,

thus reducing energy consumption anddeveloping solar and perpetual energy.


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Lighting

The light sources in public area are installed only to

meet the minimum requirements (12.w/m2 for the

offices). The general lighting for public walkways are

only 6.w/m2.

The electricity switches are controlled manually by the

hotel staff not to waste unnecessary while the rooms

are not in use.

Toilets & Kitchen

Toilets & Kitchens rooms are designed to beventilated at 10 air changes per hour. The toilets'

ventilation system shall be in exhaust so that foul air

from the toilets shall not infiltrated to other rooms.

Sanitary system

The sanitary system for the development are design

to recognized international Codes and the wastes

generated from the development are properly

disposed through an efficient means of conveyance of

sewage from the premises via a sanitary plumbing

system to a sanitary drainage system.

Grease from kitchen shall flow into a grease

interceptor. After the grease and other solids are

separated out at the interceptor, the discharge will

flow into the septic tank where it would be treated

before been discharge to the public sewer.


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Future Plan

Hydropower turbine to generate electricity by

means of the energy of flowing spring water isunder the process of construction. When it finishes,

it will contribute to all circulation route lightings.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT.

Considering the environmental impacts of all

aspects of the resort complex, the following areas

have been addressed with a view to reducing or

eliminating the negative environmental impacts and

maximizing the positive.


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Air pollution

As mentioned in the passive design section, the

building area is only about 10% of the whole site

and the rest 90% are left as green and waterfeatures. It implies that Carbon emissions from the

building materials are balanced by Carbon

absorption from the trees. The Landscape

contributes not only in reducing carbon emission of

the whole project.


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Water pollution

Since the complex area is covered with large

area of spring ponds and most of the guest

rooms are located in the ponds, prevention of

water pollution of the ponds is the main aim ofthe design considerations.

Waste water is not disposed into the pond.

Waste water from the guest rooms is collected

in separate waste pipe line and disposed into

the outlet of the drainage away from the ponds

area. Sewage is also collected into eachseptic tank and due to hot and dry climate

condition all the sewages are easily digested.

Overflowing water from the ponds is collected

into a natural land drainage flowing as a

stream into a near by creek which starts fromthe surrounding agricultural land and then

finally flows into Ayeyarwaddy river. Thus the

ponds become always fresh and clean without

pollution and eutrophication.


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Waste management

A number of recycling bins are placed at keylocations for occupant use. Therefore littering is

well controlled except those dried dead leaves

and plants that finally became the natural soil

beds and surface covering of the land.

Solid wastes are disposed in landfills far awayfrom the groundwater resource area. Kitchen

wastes and garden wastes are collected and

reused as fuel by neighbours to make tobaco

curing process which save energy to dispose

waste and reduce land fill area requirement, thus

prevent environmental impacts.

All the service personnel of the resort

management as well as the visiting guests are

well aware of the waste, as well as negative

impacts to environment and ecology, therefore no

significant negative ecological impact has beentraced as of now in the resort area.


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Noise pollution

As the location of the resort lies amidst wooded area

of spring ponds and some distance away from the

population, there are no counts of noise pollution.

Soft surfaces from the trees limit the extent of noisepropagation, generating more calming noise instead.

Visual impacts of the site

The resort complex surrounded by mini-forest and

located in the spring ponds with a high number oftrees and separated from motor vehicles with green

lawn and big spring pond create the aesthetic of the

space and provide the green and clean environment.

Prevention of impacts

Natural materials such as timber and bamboo are

used for less toxic gas emission. As the

chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) is one of the compounds

which pollute the earth atmosphere, CFC free

refrigerators are chosen and used in the project to

reduce environmental impact to a certain extent.


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MAINTENANCE AND MANAGEMENT

The operational management and maintenance system

inclusive of building energy management system were

carried out by management and maintenance staff ofMingalar Garden Resort. They have developed,

upgraded and operated the whole resort phase by

phase from the very beginning to now.

Regular and routine electrical and mechanical

maintenance works were under good prescribedschedule.

Mingalar Garden Resort has its own energy operation

and maintenance personnel consisting of one general

manager, one maintenance engineer and fourtechnicians with a presence 24 hours per day, every day

of the year.


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BUILDING INFORMATION

A. General Infomation

Mingalar Garden Resort

Mingalar Garden Resort, Pyay, Myanmar

Tel: 95-053-25518, 25279

Fax: 95-053-25279, 22716

Email: [email protected]

B. Building Physical Information

Physical building background

The resort established in 1996 and developed phase

by phase in 2000, 2002 and 2005. The resort is

famous in the regional tourism industry due to its site

location among the spring ponds and varieties ofgreen trees in hot and dry region of Myanmar. The

resort is to accommodate as a transit between

Yangon, commercial city of Myanmar and Bagan,

ancient city of 11th.century AD., popular cultural

tourism area in Myanmar.

Out door activities of boat rowing in the ponds,

exploring flora and fauna in the mini-forest and

relaxing in mini-golf course can be enjoyed within the

premise of the resort complex.
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Age of building: 7 years

Total number of stories: one

Total number of basement floor: none

Number of car parks stories: none

Total gross floor area: 3757 m2

Car park area: 964 m2

Gross let table area: 1817 m

2

Air-conditioned area: 954.56 m2

Non-air conditioned area: 2803 m2

Plot ratio (total GFA/ground area) 0.093:1

Physical building background (contd.)


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C. Building Design and Practice Information

The resort had made its best efforts to preserve and

upgrade the naturally formed spring ponds and naturally

grown plants and trees. Natural landscape in their

original state is well preserved and some harmonious

and user friendly, eco-friendly landscaping such as

stone slab pathways are added and perforated among

the lawn and elevated timber walkways are constructed

upon the ponds to connect the guest rooms. Car parking

areas are added to facilitate the guests and services.

Faade and shading design:- Type of faade: Plaster & Paint and stone

- Color of faade: Yellow, green, grey and brick

pointing

- Use of shading devices: natural plants

Location of service core

Shape of building: Rectangle

Overall heat transfer through building envelope

Wall 22 W/m2; Roof 27 W/m2

Lighting fixtures. Predominately compact fluorescent.

Lighting load* 12 W/m2 (gross floor area)

Building air-conditioner system and equipment:

Individual separate A/C 1hp unit in each bedroom

Cooling Load 50 W/m2 (air-conditioned area)


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D. Operation Information

Occupancy rate : Minimum 43.4 % of total area

Total number of occupants : 98

Ownership of building (occupied by owner(s)

Building operation schedule

- Weekdays from 6:00 AM to 11:00 PM

- Saturday from 5:00 AM to 11:00 PM

- Sunday from 5:00 AM to 11:00 PM

- Operating hours/yr 17x365=6205 hr/yr

Building indoor environment: Indoor air quality setting:

temperature 24 C and RH 60

E. Energy Consumption Information

Peak demand (monthly) : 2676 kWh/month

Typical Load curve (weekdays, weekends) : NA

Energy efficiency index : Air-conditioned area 60 kWh/m2/yr

Energy consumption : Electricity 32112 kWh/yr

Fuel 9850 Liter/yr (not for electricity generation)


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F. Energy Management Information

Building energy management system connected

physical points (Non)

G. Maintenance Information

Maintenance program

- Manpower : 42840 man-hr/yr

- Maintenance contractor owners staffs

- Availability of energy management engineer

- Training of maintenance workers: 392 man-hr/yr

H. Environmental Impacts

Impact of waste : not traced

Impact of pollution (air, noise, visual, exhaust, etc.): not

traced


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Conclusion

We can conclude that Mingalar Garden Resortdeservedly became the Winner in the tropical

category of the ASEAN Energy Awards for BestPractices in Energy Efficient Buildings as even at the

initial concept stage, the design team with the owners

participation and desire, examined the building

structure and systems as a whole and how these will

work best together to save energy and reduce

environmental impact. The building was designed with extensive daylighting

techniques and and aimed for a small air conditioning

system resulting in much savings in energy cost.

It is observed that the design team considered all

aspects, including site location, energy use, materials,

air quality, acoustics, natural resources and theirinterrelation which resulted in a commercial building

with energy, economic and environmental

performance that is substantially better than standard

practice.

It is energy efficient and has saved money and naturalresources and has created a healthy and pleasant

place for the occupants that has relatively low impact

on the environment.

The design team has improved the comfort of the

occupants by using pleasing architectural designs to

brighten up many areas using sunlight rather thanelectricity without causing excessive glare.


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Conclusion (Contd.)

The unique location of a site near a naturally occurring

spring has been optimized to the full in the design

concept and contributes strongly to its popularityamong visitors to the resort.

Additionally the flowing water is being utilized to rotate

a small turbine to produce electricity (about 10KW)

which can be utilized for nighttime security lighting.

Another innovative method to utilize the rice husks

abundantly available from the nearby ricemill to fire a

boiler to produce hot water for the whole resort is to be

commended as renewable source of biomass waste is

being effectively used. Substantial energy savings are

realized from this way to produce hot water.

Other no cost-low cost methods for energy

conservation are employed, i.e switch-off lights,

daylighting, open type public areas and walkways,

using CFL lamps for nighttime lighting, gravity feed

water supply system are used extensively throughout

the resort.

The impact on energy savings, environmental effectsand economic benefits are considerable and due to

top management and owners awareness about the

positive effect of energy efficiency and conservation

would definitely make the activities at the Mingalar

Garden Resort sustainable for a long time.


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Many innovative ideas and methods are being

implemented and could be easily replicated due to

its simplicity and appropriate technology level. Mingalar Garden Resort through its innovative

design concept has managed to operate a popular

resort with reduced energy requirements and having

minimal environmental impact.It has successfully

used renewable sources of energy such as biomass

and natural spring flowing water to produce heatedwater and electricity.It has managed to increase the

comfort and health of the occupants and last but not

least increased its productivity and profitability.

Conclusion (Contd.)


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Thank youMyanmar Engineering Society

MES Building, Universities of Hlaing Campus

Hlaing Township, 11052 Yangon

Union of Myanmar

Tel: +951- 519673 ~ 76

Fax: +951-519681

Email: [email protected]

Web: www.mes.org.mm
mailto:[email protected]://www.mes.org.mm/http://www.mes.org.mm/mailto:[email protected]

mingalar garden

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