machiavelli dan matlamat sesebuah pemerintahan

8/8/2019 Machiavelli Dan Matlamat Sesebuah Pemerintahan

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/machiavelli-dan-matlamat-sesebuah-pemerintahan 1/23

Niccolò Machiavelli Biography &

Political Philosophy Summary



Niccolo Machiavelli

Summary of the Political Philosophy of Niccolo

Machiavelli. Biography, pictures & quotes

from 'The Prince'



Tidak ada yang lebih sukar untuk merancang,lebih ragu sukses, lebih berbahaya untukmenguruskan daripada penciptaan sistembaru. inovator ini mempunyai permusuhandari semua yang mendapat keuntungandengan pemuliharaan sistem lama dan

pembela hangat hanya oleh mereka yang akanmendapatkan oleh sistem baru.



There is nothing more difficult to plan, more

doubtful of success, more dangerous to

manage than the creation of a new system.

The innovator has the enmity of all who profit

by the preservation of the old system and only

lukewarm defenders by those who would gain

by the new system.



kembali ke prinsip-prinsip pertama dalamrepublik kadang-kadang disebabkan olehkebajikan sederhana dari satu orang. contohyang baik-Nya telah sedemikian pengaruhyang orang-orang yang baik berusaha untukmenirunya, dan orang jahat malu untuk

menjalani hidup sangat bertentangan denganteladannya. (Niccolò Machiavelli)



A return to first principles in a republic is

sometimes caused by the simple virtues of one

man. His good example has such an influence

that the good men strive to imitate him, and

the wicked are ashamed to lead a life so

contrary to his example. (Niccolò Machiavelli)



Niccolò Machiavelli (1469 - 1527) was aFlorentine statesman and political philosopher. Asa theorist, Machiavelli was the key figure inrealistic political theory, crucial to Europeanstatecraft during the Renaissance.His two most famous books, Discorsi sopra la

prima deca di Tito Livio ( Discourses on Livy) and Il Principe (The Prince), were written in the hopes

of improving the conditions of the NorthernItalian principalities, but became generalhandbooks for a new style in politics.



The Prince, written to encourage theappearance of a political savior who wouldunify the corrupt city-states and fend off

foreign conquest, advocated the theory thatwhatever was expedient (bijaksana) wasnecessary - an early example of utilitarianismand realpolitik (German for "realistic politics" -

foreign politics based on practical concerns(political expediency) rather than theory orethics).



The Prince, ditulis untuk mendorong munculnyaseorang penyelamat politik yang akanmenyatukan negara-negara kota yang korup dan

menangkis penaklukan asing, menganjurkan teoribahawa apa pun yang bijaksana yang diperlukan -sebuah contoh awal dari utilitarianisme danrealpolitik (Jerman untuk "politik realistik" -

politik luar negeri berdasarkan pada keprihatinanpraktikal (persoalan politik) daripada teori atauetika).



Machiavelli was born in Florence. His fatherwas from an impoverished branch of aninfluential old Florentine family. His life can bedivided into three periods, each of whichconstitutes a distinct and important era in thehistory of Florence. His youth was concurrent

with the greatness of Florence as an Italianpower under the guidance of Lorenzo de'Medici, Il Magnifico.



Machiavelli dilahirkan di Florence. Ayahnyaberasal dari cabang keluarga miskin diFlorentine berpengaruh tua. Hidupnya bolehdibahagikan kepada tiga tempoh, masing-masing yang merupakan era yang berbeza danpenting dalam sejarah Florence. pemuda Nya

bersamaan dengan kebesaran Florencesebagai kekuatan Itali di bawah bimbinganLorenzo de 'Medici, Il Magnifico.



The downfall of the Medici in Florenceoccurred in 1494, in which year Machiavellientered the public service. During this time,

he traveled to various European courts inFrance, Germany, and other Italian city-stateson diplomatic missions. During his officialcareer Florence was free under the

government of a Republic, which lasted until1512, when the Medici returned to power,and Machiavelli lost his office.



Kejatuhan dari Medici di Florence terjadi padatahun 1494, di mana tahun Machiavelli memasukiperkhidmatan awam. Selama waktu ini, ia

melakukan perjalanan ke berbagai mahkamahEropah di Perancis, Jerman, dan negara-bandarItali pada misi diplomatik.Selama kerjayanyaFlorence rasmi bebas di bawah pemerintahan

Republik, yang berlangsung hingga 1512, saatMedici kembali berkuasa, dan Machiavellikehilangan pejabatnya.



His name was found on a list of 20 personssupposedly involved in a conspiracy to opposeMedici rule. It is likely he had no part in the plot,though he was briefly imprisoned in the Bargelloin Florence. He was tortured yet maintained hisinnocence throughout. He was later exiled andreturned to Sant'Andrea in Percussina where hehad a small property. Here he devoted himself to

literature whilst the Medici again ruled Florencefrom 1512 until 1527. He died, within a fewweeks of the expulsion of the Medici, in 1527,aged fifty eight, without having regained office.



His name was found on a list of 20 personssupposedly involved in a conspiracy to opposeMedici rule. It is likely he had no part in the plot,though he was briefly imprisoned in the Bargelloin Florence. He was tortured yet maintained hisinnocence throughout. He was later exiled andreturned to Sant'Andrea in Percussina where hehad a small property. Here he devoted himself to

literature whilst the Medici again ruled Florencefrom 1512 until 1527. He died, within a fewweeks of the expulsion of the Medici, in 1527,aged fifty eight, without having regained office



Niccolò Machiavelli Quotes

The evening has come, I return home and go to my study; at the entrance I pull off my peasant- clothes,covered with dust and dirt, and put on my noble court dress, and thus becomingly re-clothed I pass into the

ancient courts of the men of old, where, being lovingly received by them, I am fed with that food which is minealone; where I do not hesitate to speak with them, and to ask for the reason of their actions, and they in their benignity answer me; and for four hours I feel no

weariness, I forget every trouble, poverty does not dismay, death does not terrify me; I am possessed entirely by those great men.



Malam telah datang, aku kembali ke rumah dan pergi kekajian saya, di pintu masuk I pull off petani saya-pakaian,ditutupi dengan debu dan kotoran, dan mengenakan gaunmahkamah mulia saya, dan dengan demikian becomingly

kembali pakaian saya masuk ke dalam kuno mahkamahorang-orang tua, di mana, yang penuh kasih yang diterimaoleh mereka, saya makan dengan makanan yang milikkusendiri, di mana saya tidak ragu untuk berbicara denganmereka, dan untuk meminta alasan dari tindakan mereka,dan mereka dalam mereka kemurahan hati menjawab aku,

dan selama empat jam aku merasa letih tidak, aku lupasetiap masalah, kemiskinan tidak kecewa, mati tidakmenakut-nakutkan aku, Aku yang dimiliki sepenuhnya olehorang-orang besar.



And because Dante says, Knowledge doth comeof learning well retained, Unfruitful else I have noted down what I have gained from their conversation, and have composed a small work on 'Principalities,' where I pour myself out as fully as I can in meditation on the subject, discussingwhat a principality is, what kinds there are, how they can be acquired, how they can be kept, why

they are lost: and if any of my fancies ever pleased you, this ought not to displease you: and to a prince, especially to a new one, it should bewelcome



Dan kerana Dante berkata, â SesungguhnyaKnowledge datang belajar dengan baik ditahan, tidakberbuah elseâ Â saya catat apa yang saya dapatkandari percakapan mereka, dan telah menyusun sebuah

karya kecil di 'kerajaan,' di mana saya mencurahkan dirisaya sepenuhnya sebagai saya dapat dalam meditasipada subjek, membahas apa asas adalah, apa saja ada,bagaimana mereka boleh diperolehi, bagaimanamereka boleh disimpan, mengapa mereka hilang: dan

jika ada yang naksir saya pernah senang anda, iniseharusnya tidak mengecewakan anda: dan untukputera, terutama kepada yang baru, itu harus diterima



( A letter to Francesco Vettori, dated 13

December 1513, Machiavelli describes his life

at this period, which elucidates his methods

and his motives in writing The Prince)



(Sebuah surat kepada Francesco Vettori, tarikh13 Disember 1513, Machiavellimenggambarkan hidupnya di tempoh ini, yangmemaparkan kaedah dan motif dalam menulisSang Putera)



He who wishes to be obeyed must know how to command.

It is not titles that honor men, but men that

honor titles.

The first method for estimating theintelligence of a ruler is to look at the men he

has around him. The wise man does at once what the fool does

finally. (Niccolo Machiavelli)



Dia yang ingin ditaati harus tahu bagaimanaperintah.Ini bukan tajuk yang menghormati laki-laki,namun laki-laki yang gelar kehormatan.Kaedah pertama untuk menganggarkankecerdasan penguasa adalah dengan melihat

orang-orang ia mempunyai sekitar dia.Orang bijak tidak sekaligus apa yang bodohtidak akhirnya. (Niccolo Machiavelli)

machiavelli dan matlamat sesebuah pemerintahan

Documents