laporan pkl biota darat dan laut

8/17/2019 Laporan Pkl Biota Darat Dan Laut

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KELOMPOK 5ASMIYANTI ABUBAKAR

BRILLIAN RATTU

DIANIRA MAENGKOM

KENNY ARUPERES

NISYE PAMUSU

RISYA LOLY

RASPEL KAREL

SARLOTA

FMIPA UNIMA

LAPORAN PRAKTEK KERJA LAPANGAN (PKL) SKRININGFITOKIMIA BIOTA DARAT DAN BIOTA LAUT DESAPOPARENG, KEC. TATAPAAN KAB. MINAHASA SELATAN


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A. JUDUL PERCOBAAN

Skrinin !"#ki$i% "&r'%% *i#"% %r%" (D%+n S&%+ Lii %n Tr+k"+k)

%n *i#"% -%+"

B. WAKTU & TEMPAT PELAKSANAAN

%k"+ P&-%k%n%%n / S&-%%0R%*+, 12011 Ari- 1325

T&$%" P&-%k%n%%n / D&% P#%r&n, K&4.T%"%%%n, K%*.Min%'%%

S&-%"%n

C. DASAR TEORI

In#n&i% %%-%' N&%r% k&+-%+%n %n k%% %k%n k&k%%%n

'%%"in%. M&n+r+" %"% %n %%, '+"%n In#n&i% $&n++ki &rink%"

k&+% i+ni% &"&-%' H+"%n A$%6#n i Br%6i-. D%n +n"+k k&k%%%n 7i-%%'

&r%ir%n In#n&i% $&n++ki #ii &r"%$%. K%r&n% *&i"+ *%n%kn%

k&*&r%%$%n $%'-+k 'i+ i %-%$ '+"%n %n &r%ir%n In#n&i%,

&'in% N&%r% ki"% &-%-+ ik+n8+ni #-&' N&%r% -%in +n"+k i%$*i-

%$&-n% -%-+ i +8i4#*% %n *%'k%n ik&$*%nk%n i N&%r% $&r&k%.

O-&' k%r&n% i"+, %% r%k"ik+$ %n k%$i -%k+k%n ini, i-%k+k%n

k+n8+n%n %n r%k"&k &4%r% -%n+n i -%%n%n +n"+k &4%r% $&n&"%i-

$&n%$*i- %$&- *i#"% %r%" %n -%+" +n"+k i-%k+k%n &n%i%n !"#ki$i%

(krinin !"#ki$i%). S&-%in *&r9+ni &*%%i &n&-i"i%n, PKL ini 8+% %%"

$&$*%n"+ k%$i &*%%i &n&r%i $+% +n"+k $&-i'%" *&"%% k%%n%

'+"%n %n -%+" (&r%ir%n) in&%r% ki"%, &'in% %%" $&$+n4+-k%n 8i7%0

8i7% i-$+7%n %n &n&-i"i %n %%" $&n&$*%nk%n k&k%%%n n&ri ki"%.

H+"%n "r#i %n k%% &n%n *&r*%%i 8&ni "+$*+'%n (*i#i:&ri")

$&r+%k%n +$*&r %% '%%"i %n &k%-i+ &*%%i +%n &n%7%

ki$i% (4'&$#i:&ri") *%ik *&r+% &n%7% ki$i% '%i- $&"%*#-i$& ri$&r


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%n i&*+" 8+% &*%%i &n%7% $&"%*#-i" ri$&r &&r"i r#"&in,

k%r*#'ir%", -&$%k %n i+n%k%n &niri #-&' "+$*+'%n "&r&*+" +n"+k

&r"+$*+'%nn%, $%++n &*%%i +$*&r &n%7% $&"%*#-i" &k+n&r

&&r"i "&r&n#i, "&r#i, k+$%rin, ;%:#n#i %n %-k%-#i. &n%7%

$&"%*#-i" &k+n&r $&r+%k%n &n%7% ki$i% %n +$+$n% $&$+n%i

k&$%$+%n *i#%k"i!"% %n *&r9+ni &*%%i &-in+n "+$*+'%n "&r&*+"

%ri %n+%n '%$% &n%ki" +n"+k "+$*+'%n i"+ &niri %"%+

-ink+n%nn%.

In#n&i% $&r+%k%n n&%r% k&+-%+%n %n "&r-&"%k i 6#n%

k'%"+-i"i7% ("r#ik) %n "&rk&n%- $&$+n%i k&k%%%n %-%$ &n%n

*&r%n&k%r%%$ 8&ni "+$*+'%n, "&"%i #"&ni ini *&-+$ &-+r+'n%i$%n9%%"k%n &*%%i *%'%n in+"ri k'++n% "+$*+'%n *&rk%i%" #*%".

M%%r%k%" In#n&i% &4%r% "+r+n0"&$+r+n "&-%' $&$%n9%%"k%n *&r*%%i

8&ni "+$*+'%n +n"+k *%'%n #*%" "r%ii#n%- *%ik &*%%i "in%k%n

&n4&%'%n $%++n &n#*%"%n "&r'%% *&r*%%i 8&ni &n%ki".

P&$%n9%%"%n "+$*+'%n #*%" "r%ii#n%- %k%n "&r+ *&r-%n+n

"&r+"%$% &*%%i #*%" %-"&rn%"i9, '%- ini "&r-i'%" %% $%%r%k%" %&r%'

%n +-i" i8%nk%+ #-&' 9%i-i"% k&&'%"%n $#&rn. D%-%$ $%% krii

&k#n#$i &&r"i %%" ini, &n+n%%n #*%" "r%ii#n%- -&*i' $&n+n"+nk%n

k%r&n% r&-%"i9 -&*i' $+%' i%%", -&*i' $+r%' %n %%" ir%$+ &niri,

&-%in i"+ *%'%n *%k+n% %%" i"%n%$ i '%-%$%n r+$%' &*%%i &n'i%

"%$%n %"%++n &n&+' '%-%$%n r+$%' (S+-i%n"i &" %-, 1335).

P&n&$+%n *&r*%%i &n%7% #*%" *%r+ %ri *%'%n %-%$ &$%kin

$&$&r8&-% &r%n &n"in $&"%*#-i" &k+n&r "%n%$%n &*%%i +$*&r

*%'%n *%k+ #*%". M&"%*#-i" &k+n&r %%-%' &n%7% '%i- *i#&n&i %ri

$&"%*#-i" ri$&r. U$+$n% i'%i-k%n #-&' "+$*+'%n "ink%" "ini, %n

*+k%n $&r+%k%n &n%7% &n&n"+ k&-%n+n%n 'i+ &4%r% -%n+n,

"&"%i -&*i' &*%%i '%i- $&k%ni$& &r"%'%n%n iri #r%ni$%. Ak"i:i"%

*i#-#i "%n%$%n i&n%r+'i #-&' 8&ni $&"%*#-i" &k+n&r %n "&rk%n+n


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i%-%$n%. Ak"i:i"% *i#-#i i"&n"+k%n +-% #-&' "r+k"+r ki$i% %ri

&n%7%. Uni" "r+k"+r %"%+ ++ $#-&k+- $&$&n%r+'i %k"i:i"% *i#-#i

k%r&n% *&rk%i"%n &n%n $&k%ni$& k&r8% &n%7% "&r'%% r&&"#r i

%-%$ "+*+' (Li%7%"i &" %-., 133


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A-k%-#i $&r+%k%n k&-#$#k &n%7% %n $&n%n+n ni"r#&n

%-%$ *&n"+k ++ 9+ni %$in%. K&*%n%k%n '&"&r#ik-ik %n "&r%%" i

"&"+$*+'%n.A-k%-#i $&r+%k%n #-#n%n 6%" "+$*+'%n &k+n&r %n

*&%r. P%% +$+$n%, %-k%-#i $&n4%k+ &n%7% %n *&ri9%" *%% %n

$&n%n+n %"+ %"%+ -&*i' %"#$ N &*%%i *%i%n %-%$ +r&$ ik-ik.

S"r+k"+r %-k%-#i *&r%n&k% r%%$ %ri %n &&r'%n% %$%i %n

r+$i", %ri &9&k *i#-#in% %n $&n&%rk%n "+*+' %$%i "#kik. S%"+

4#n"#' %n &&r'%n%, "&"%i %n &9&kn% "i%k &&r'%n% %%-%' nik#"in.

Nik#"in %%" $&n&*%*k%n &n%ki" 8%n"+n , k%nk&r %r+0%r+, k%nk&r

$+-+", "&k%n%n %r%' "ini, %n %n+%n "&r'%% k&'%$i-%n %n 8%nin.

2. Flavonoid

F-%:#n#i %%-%' k&-#$#k &n%7% 9&ni- r#%n#i &n%n k&r%nk%

k%r*#n C@0C0C@, %i"+ +% 4in4in %r#$%"ik %n i'+*+nk%n #-&' %"+%n

"i% k%r*#n %n %%" %"%+ "i%k %%" $&$*&n"+k 4in4in k&"i%.F-%:#n#i

%n i#;%:#n#i %%-%' %-%' %"+ #-#n%n &n%7% $&"%*#-i" &k+n&r

%n *%n%k "&r%%" %% "+$*+'0"+$*+'%n, k'++n% %ri #-#n%n

-&+$in#4&%& ("%n%$%n *&r*+n% k++0k++). K%n+n%n &n%7%

;%:#n#i %-%$ "%n%$%n %n%" r&n%' %i"+ &ki"%r 15 . S&n%7%0&n%7% "&r&*+" %% +$+n% %-%$ k&%%%n "&rik%" k#n8+%i &n%n

&n%7% +-%.

F-%:#n#i %-%$ "+$*+'%n $&$+n%i &$%" 9+ni /

2) S&*%%i i$&n 7%rn%

1) F+ni !i#-#i

) Ak"i:i"% 9%r$%k#-#i

?) F-%:#n#i %-%$ $%k%n%n

3. Kinon


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K+in#n %%-%' &n%7% *&r7%rn% %n $&$+n%i kr#$#9#r %%r

&&r"i kr#$#9#r %% *&n6#k+in#n, %n "&riri %"% 1 ++ k%r*#ni- %n

*&rk#n+%i &n%n 1 ik%"%n r%nk% k%r*#n k%r*#n. %rn% i$&n

k+in#n %-%$ *&r%%$, $+-%i %ri k+nin +4%" %$%i k& '%$ir 'i"%$.

%-%++n k+in#n "&r&*%r &4%r% -+%, n%$+n &r%nn% "&r'%% 7%rn%

"+$*+'%n %n%" k&4i-. J%i, i$&n ini &rin "&r%%" %-%$ k+-i", %k%r,

%"%+ 8%rin%n -%in, n%$+n 7%rn% i$&n k+in#n ini "i%k $&n#$in%i.

!. Sa"onin

S%#nin $&r+%k%n &n%7% -ik#i% k#$-&k %i"+ &n%7% '%i-

k#n&n%i +%"+ +-% &n%n +%"+ &n%7% 'ir#ki- #r%nik %n %%*i-%i'ir#-ii %k%n $&n'%i-k%n +-% (-ik#n) %n n#n0+-% (%-ik#n). S%#nin

ini "&riri %ri +% k&-#$#k / %#nin "ri"&r&n#i %n %#nin "&r#i.

S%#nin *%n%k i+n%k%n %-%$ k&'i+%n $%n+i%, %-%' %"+n%

"&r%%" %-%$ -&r%k %n i+n%k%n +n"+k *%'%n &n4+4i k%in (*%"ik) %n

&*%%i '%$#. S%#nin %%" i&r#-&' %ri "+$*+'%n $&-%-+i &k"r%ki.

F+ni %-%$ "+$*+'0"+$*+'%n "i%k ik&"%'+i, $+nkin &*%%i *&n"+k

&ni$%n%n k%r*#'ir%", %"%+ $&r+%k%n 7%"& r#+4" %ri $&"%*#-i$&

"+$*+'0"+$*+'%n.

5. Steroid dan triterpenoid

S"&r#i %%-%' +%"+ k&-#$#k &n%7% %n $&$+n%i k&r%nk%

%%r ik-#&n"%n%&r'ir#9&n%n"r&n%, $&$+n%i &$%" 4in4in

"&r%+.&n%7%0&n%7% ini $&$+n%i &9&k !i#-#i "&r"&n"+. S"&r#i+$+$n% *&r%% %-%$ *&n"+k *&*% &*%%i -ik#i% &&r'%n%. H#r$#n0

'#r$#n &k %n i'%i-k%n "&r+"%$% %% "&"i %n in+n "&-+r %%-%'

+%"+ "&r#i. H#r$#n 8%n"%n i&*+" %nr#&n %n '#r$#n *&"in% &"r#&n

%n '#r$#n k&'%$i-%n r#&"&r#n. Tri"&r&n#i %%-%' &n%7% %n

k&r%nk% k%r*#nn% *&r%%- %ri &n%$ %"+%n i#r&n% %n &4%r%


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*i#in"&i ir+$+k%n %ri 'ir#k%r*#n %n k&*%n%k%n *&r+% %-4#'#-,

%-&'i% %"%+ %%$ k%r*#'ir%".

@. T%nnin P#-i9&n#-

T%nin %%" *&r9+ni &*%%i %"rin&n" %n $&$i-iki k&$%$+%n

+n"+k $&n%$%k k+-i". S&4%r% ki$i%, "%nin %%-%' &"&r %n %%"

i'ir#-ii #-&' &$%n%%n &n%n -%r+"%n %%$ %$%i $&n'%i-k%n

&n%7% 9&n#-, *i%%n% $&r+%k%n &ri:%"& %"%+ "+r+n%n %ri %%$ %r-i4

%n +-%. T%nin %%-%' #-i9&n#- "%n%$%n %n *&r9+ni $&nik%" %n

$&n&n%k%n r#"&in.. P#-i9&n#- %-%$i $&r+%k%n $&"%*#-i" &k+n&r

"%n%$%n "&r"&n"+, "&r$%+k %-%$ %"%+ $&n++n #-#n%n "%nin.

S&n%7% #-i9&n#- %%-%' +%"+ &n%7% %n *&r%%- %ri "+$*+'%n,

i$%n% %-%' %"+ 4irin% %%-%' $&n%n+n 4in4in %r#$%"ik %n

"&r+*"i"+i #-&' +% %"%+ -&*i' ++ 9&n#-. D+% ++ 9&n#-, 'ir#-ii %n

"&rk#n&n%i "&riri %ri "%nin %n $&r+%k%n +%"+ 6%" %n &n"in&4%r% &k#n#$i &*%%i %&n +n"+k $&n'%-+k%n k+-i" %n 8+% &n"in

+n"+k "+8+%n k&&'%"%n. B%r+ *%r+ ini i"&$+k%n %%n% 9%k"% 9%k"% %n

$&n+k+n ni-%i #"&ni%-n% &*%%i i"#"#kik %n %"%+ &*%%i %&n

%n"in-%"i4.

P%% r%k"ik+$ PKL ini k%$i $&n+n%k%n +% %$&- *i#"% %r%" %i"+

%+n &%+ -ii %n %+n "r+k"+k. B&rik+" ini %%-%' r#!- %$&- &%+ -ii(i%+ri) %n %+n "r+k"+k /

S%-%' %"+ "%n%$%n #*%" %n *%n%k $%n9%%"n% %%-%' %+n

&%+ -ii %"%+ i%+ri (Sida Rhombifolia %"%+ Sida retusa Linn ). Si%+ri

%%-%' %-%' %"+ 8&ni "%n%$%n #*%" %ri 9%$i- M%-:%4%&. T%n%$%n ini


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%%-%' &$%k %n "+$*+' -i%r %n *%n%k "+$*+' i inir &-#k%n,

+n%i %n i *%7%' #'#n *&%r. T&r&*%r -+% %% %&r%' "r#i i

&-+r+' +ni% %ri %"%r%n r&n%' %$%i k&"ini%n 2?53 $ i %"%

&r$+k%%n -%+". J&ni "%n%$%n ini $+%' "+$*+' -i%ri%&r%' *&r+$+" %n

i "&i 8%-%n %n $&r+%k%n 8&ni "%n%$%n &r+ %n "+$*+' &n%n *%ik

i%&r%' "r#i.T%n%$%n ini $$i-iki r%% $%ni,&% %n &8+k.M%+k

%-%$ $&rii%n 8%n"+n, '%"i, %r+, ++ *&%r, %n k&4i-, $&$i-iki i9%" %n"i

r%%n &-+r+' k&n4in &r"% $n'i-%nk%n r%% %ki".

B%"%n i%+ri $&n%n+n k%-i+$ #k%-%" %n "%nnin. S&$&n"%r%

%+nn% $&n%n+n %-k%-#i, k%-i+$ #k%-%", "%nnin, %#nin, 9&n#-, %%$

%$in# %n $in%k %"iri. K%n+n%n %k%r i%+ri%%-%' %-k%-#i, "&r#i,&r"% &'&rin&. S%-%' %"+ k'%i%" +"%$% i%+ri %%-%' $&n&$*+'k%n

&n%ki" asam urat %n &rin i&ri"% *%ik -%ki0-%ki $%++n &r&$+%n

i%"% +i% "i% +-+' "%'+n (H#$n &" %-, 2==


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D. ALAT & BA#AN

2. P&r%-%"%n %n i*+"+'k%n /♣ T%*+n r&%ki %n r%k "%*+n r&%ki

♣ L+$%n %n %-+♣ Pi&" "&"&

♣ P-%" "&"&

♣ i%-

♣ P&$*%k%r B+n&n

♣ K%ki "i%

♣ G+n"in

♣ K&r"% S%rinK%%

♣ G&-% B&%k&r

1. B%'%n %n i*+"+'k%n /♣ S%$&- %r%" (Si%+ri, Tr+k"+k)

♣ E"%n#- M&"%n#-

♣ L%r+"%n K-#r#9#$ %ir 2 / 2

♣ H1SO? &k%"

♣ HC- &k%" HC- 1 N

♣ Air %n%

♣ F&C- 23 %n F&C- 5

♣ K-#r#9#r$ %$#ni%k%-

♣ H1SO? 1 N

♣ P&r&%ki H%&r♣ R&%&n Dr%&n#r9

♣ R&%&n %n&r

♣ R&%&n M%&r

♣ N%OH 23 E. PROSEDUR KERJA

1. PROSEDUR UJI LIEBERMA BUR!"ARD #UJI $ERPE % S$EROID&

0 Di&k"r%ki &n%n &"%n#- &*%n%k 5 $-0 Di%rin &n%n k%%0 Diin%'k%n k& &-% *&%k&r0 Di%n%k%n %$%i k&rin0 Di&k"r%ki &n%n k-#r#9#r$ %n %ir ( 2/ 2)

S%$&- &*%n%k 5


11/29

0 Ek"r%k k-#r#9#r$ i"&"&k%n %% -%" "&"&

&*%n%k 1 "&"&0 Di*i%rk%n %$%i k&rin0 Di"%$*%'k%n %%$ +-9%"0 Li'%" &r+*%'%n 7%rn%n%

'. PROSEDUR UJI $AI

Di&k"r%ki &n%n %ir %n% &*%n%k 5

$-

Di%rin &n%n k%% %n iin%'k%n

k& "%*+n -%in

Di"%$*%' F&C- 23 &*%n%k 10 "&"&

S%$&- () *i-% $&n%-%$i &r+*%'%n 7%rn%

$&r%' %"%+ 4#k&-%" $&n%n+n "&r&n#i

("&r&n). Bir+, +n+ %"%+ 'i8%+ $&n%n+n

S%$&- 1 r

S%$&- () $&n%n+n "%nnin

*i-% $&n%-%$i &r+*%'%n 7%rn%

$&n8%i 'i8%+ k&'i"%$%n


12/29

(. PROSEDUR UJI AL)ALOID

Di&r+ %n i&k"r%ki &n%n k-#r#9#r$

%$#ni%k%-

Di$%+kk%n k& %-%$ "%*+n A,B, C, %n D 23

"&"&

M%in1 i"%$*%' H1SO? 1N 23 "&"&

&r&%ki H%&r

Dik#4#k k+%"

T%*+n A i"%$*%' r&%&n Dr%&n#r9 1 "&"&

T%*+n B i"%$*%' r&%&n %n&r T%*+n C i"%$*%' r&%&n M%&r 1 "&"&

*. PROSEDUR UJI +EOLI)

Di&k"r%ki &n%n $&"'%n#- &*%n%k 5

$-

Di%rin &n%n k%% -%-+ iin%'k%n

k& "%*+n -%in

10? r

Ek"r%k

k-#r#9#r$

T%*+n T%*+n A, B, %n

H%i- *i-% %%

&n%%n k+nin T%*+n A, B, C

"&r%%" 1 9%&

T%*+n A *i-% &n%%n

k&$&r%'%n

T%*+n B *i-% &n%%n

S%$&- &*%n%k


13/29

Di"%$*%' F&C- 5 &*%n%k 10 "&"&

,. PROSEDUR UJI +LA-OOID

Di&k"r%ki &n%n $&"'%n#- Di&k"r%ki &n%n $&"'%n#-

Di&k"r%ki n $&"'%n#-

S&*%n%k 5 $- S&*%n%k 5 $-

S&*%n%k 5 $-

Di%rin &n%n k%% Di%rin &n%n k%%

Di%rin &n%n k%%

Diin%'k%n k& "%*+n -%in Diin%'k%n k& "%*+n -%in Diin%'k%n

k& "* -%in

T%$*%'k%n HC- &k%" &*%n%k 1 "&"& T%$*%'k%n H1SO? &*%n%k 1 "&"& T%$*%'

N%OH 23 1 "&"&

K#4#k k+%" K#4#k k+%" K#4#k k+%"

T%$*%'k%n M &r*+k %n k#4#k k+%"

. PROSEDUR UJI SAPOI

Di&k"r%ki &n%n %ir %n% 5

$- Di%rin &n%n k%% Diin%'k%n k& "%*+n -%in

S%$&- $&n%n+n 9&n#-ik *i-%

$&n %-%$i &r+*%'%n 7%rn% $&n %i

S%$&- &*%n%k 1 r

S%$&- $&n%n+n

;%:#n#i *i-%

"&r%%" *+i'

S%$&- $&n%n+n;%:#n#i *i-% "&r8%i

&r+*%'%n 7%rn% %n

$&n4#-#k

S%$&- $&n%n+n;%:#n#i *i-% "&r8%i

&r+*%'%n 7%rn% %n

$&n4#-#k

S%$&- &*%n%k 1 r


14/29

Dik#4#k k+%" %n ii%$k%n 1

$&ni" T%$*%'k%n HC- 1 N &*%n%k 1

"&"&

K#4#k k+%" %n ii%$k%n 23$&ni"

F. DATA PEN$AMATAN

T%*&- 2.2. H%i- krinin !"#ki$i% %$&- %+n "r+k"+k

Kandn%an M'od

Pn%(ian

#a)il K'*an%a

n

Al+aloid P&n%'+-+%n

Dr%&n#r9

%n&r

M%&r

H%&r

En%%n k&k+nin%n

En%%n 'i8%+ k+nin

En%%n k&$&r%'%n

En%%n 4#k-%"

0

0

0

0

T*"n &

S'*oid

Li&*&r$%n

B+r4'%r

En%%n k&4#k-%"%n

Tannin &

Poli,nol

F&C- 23 T&r8%i &r+*%'%n

7%rn% $&n8%i

k&4#k-%"%n

Flavonoid M&"%n#-

HC- &k%"

H1SO?

N%OH 23

Ti%k "&r8%i

&r+*%'%n %n

$&n4#-#k

0

Fnoli+ F&C- 5 T&r8%i &r+*%'%n

S%$&- $&n%n+n %#nin *i-%

"&r%%" *+i' &n%n in"&ni"% %n

*%n%k %n k#ni"&n &-%$% 23 $&ni"


15/29

7%rn% $&n8%i *ir+

k&'i"%$%n

Sa"onin Air P%n%

HC- 1 N

M&$*&n"+k B+i'

K&" / () %% , (0) "i%k %%


16/29

T%*&- 1.2. H%i- krinin !"#ki$i% %$&- %+n &%+ -ii (i%+ri)

%"%+ sida rhombifolia

Kandn%an M'od

Pn%(ian

#a)il K'*an%a

n

Al+aloid P&n%'+-+%n

Dr%&n#r9

%n&r

M%&r

H%&r

En%%n 4#k-%" $+%

En%%n 4#k-%" $+%

En%%n +"i'

T*"n &

S'*oid

Li&*&r$%n

B+r4'%r

Tannin &

Poli,nol

F&C- 23 T&r8%i &r+*%'%n

7%rn% $&n8%i

k&4#k-%"%n

Flavonoid M&"%n#-

HC- &k%"

H1SO?

N%OH 23

Ti%k i-%k+k%n

&n%i%n (krinin

!"#ki$i%)

Fnoli+ F&C- 5 T&r8%i &r+*%'%n

7%rn% $&n8%i *ir+

k&'i"%$%n

Sa"onin Air P%n%

HC- 1 N

M&$*&n"+k B+i'


17/29

K&" / () %% , (0) "i%k %%

$. PEMBA#ASAN

P%% r%k"ik+$ ki$i% #r%ni4 1 %n &r"%$% ini, k%$i

$&-%k+k%n Pr%k"ik+$ Pr%k"&k K&r8% L%%n%n(PKL) %n i-%k%n%k%n i

D&% P#%r&n, K&4%$%"%n T%"%%%n, K%*+%"&n Min%'%% S&-%"%n.

S&"&-%' $&-%k+k%n &ri%%n %n $%"%n, $%k% %% "%n%- 12011

Ari- 1325 r#$*#n%n k%$i +n $&-%k+k%n &r8%-%n%n %n8%n &-%$%

kir%0kir% 8%$ &n%n 8%r%k "&$+' &ki"%r 253 k$. D&% ini "&r-&"%k

%%k 8%+' %ri +%" k#"% &'in% $%i' *%n%k 8%-%n %n r+%k %n

r+$%' &n++k +n $%i' &iki". Ak%n "&"%i, &$+%n% %%"

"&r%n"ik%n k%r&n% &-%$% *&r%% i &% P#%r&n ini k%$i $&n%%"

&r-%k+k%n %n '%n%" %n r%$%' %ri &n++k &"&$%", &'in%k%$i %n%" "&r*%n"+ %-%$ $&-%k%n%k%n k&i%"%n PKL ini.

Un"+k '%ri &r"%$% i-%k+k%n &n4%ri%n %n &n%$*i-%n %$&- %ri

*i#"% %r%". S&'in%, &ki"%r +k+- ? &"%n i"+, r#$*#n%n k%$i

$&n+8+ '+"%n "&r&k%" i &% "&r&*+". A% +% #r%n *%%k +-%

%n $&$*%n"+ k%$i %-%$ $&n4%ri %n $&n%$*i- %$&-. M&r&k%

8+% $&$*&ri"%'+k%n $%n9%%" %n k&+n%%n %ri "%n%$%n "&r&*+".

A% %+n &%+ -ii, %+n "r+k"+k, %+n iri', %n $%i' *%n%k %+n0

%+n *&rk'%i%" -%inn%. J+% %% "+$*+'%n *&r%4+n k%r&n%n%

&"%'n% "%i &+n+'n% *%"%nn% $&n%n+n *%n%k &k%-i

k%r*#'ir%". B%'k%n %% +-% *+%' Bi"+n %n %%" i+n%k%n +n"+k


18/29

$&$*i+ ik%n 'in% $&$*+%" $&r&k% $%"i, n%$+n &k%r%n "&-%'

i-%r%n &n+n%%nn% k%r&n% $&r+%k k&-&"%ri%n '%%"i -%+".

D+% %$&- *i#"% %r%" %n k&-#$#k k%$i +n%k%n +n"+k krinin

!"#ki$i% %%-%' %+n "r+k"+k %n &%+ -ii. D%ri in9#r$%i $%%r%k%"

%n i&r#-&', %+n "r+k"+k i+n%k%n #-&' $%%r%k%" &ki"%r &*%%i

obat maag. S&%nk%n %+n &%+ -ii (sida rhombifolia) i+n%k%n

+n"+k menghilangkan ketombe. D%n *%"%n &r"% %k%rn% i+n%k%n

+n"+k $&n#*%"i penyakit asam urat . K%r&n% $%n9%%"n% %n *&%r

ini-%', &'in% k%$i $&$+"+k%n +% %$&- ini +n"+k i +8i

$&n+n%k%n krinin&n%i%n !"#ki$i%.

Analisis skrining ftokimia

K#$#n&n %n "&r%%" %-%$ %$&- %+n "r+k"+k %n %+n

&%+ -ii i%n%-ii #-#n%n &n%7%n% &n%n "& +8i 7%rn%

&n%n *&*&r%% &r&%ki +n"+k #-#n%n &n%7% %-k%-#i, "%nin %n

#-i9&n#-, %#nin, ;%:#n#i, "&r&n#i %n 9&n#-ik. P&r&%ki0&r&%ki

&i!k %n i+n%k%n k&*%n%k%n *&ri9%" #-%r &'in% *i%*&rin"&r%ki &n%n %$&- *&r%%rk%n rini -like dissolve like’.

H%i- krinin !"#ki$i% +n"+k 1 %$&- %n k%$i +n%k%n i%8ik%n

%% T%*&- 2.2 %n T%*&- 1.2

Un"+k %$&- %+n "r+k"+k "i%k "&r*&n"+k &n%%n %% +8i

M%&r, %n&r %n Dr%&n#r . H%- ini *&r%r"i %-%$ %+n "r+k"+k

"i%k "&r%%" %-k%-#i. T+8+%n &n%$*%'%n H1SO? %%-%' k%r&n%

%-k%-#i *&ri9%" *%% &'in% *i%%n% i&k"r%k &n%n &-%r+" %n

$&n%n+n %%$ (H%r*#rn&, 2==@). P&r-%k+%n &k"r%k &n%n

K-#r#9#r$ %$#ni%k%- &*&-+$ &n%$*%'%n &r&%ki i-%k+k%n +n"+k

$&n'i-%nk%n r#"&in. A%n% r#"&in %n $&n&n% %%

&n%$*%'%n &r&%ki %n $&n%n+n -#%$ *&r%" (&r&%ki M%&r)


19/29

%%" $&$*&rik%n r&%ki #i"i9 %-+ %% *&*&r%% &n%7% (S%n"# et

al., 2==>).

S&'%r+n% 8ik% '%i- #i"i9 %-k%-#i %% +8i M%&r $%k% %k%n

i"%n%i &n%n "&r*&n"+kn% &n%%n +"i'. Di&rkir%k%n &n%%n

"&r&*+" %%-%' k#$-&k k%-i+$0%-k%-#i. P%% &$*+%"%n &r&%ki

M%&r, -%r+"%n $&rk+ri+$(II) k-#ri% i"%$*%' k%-i+$ i#i% %k%n *&r&%ki

$&$*&n"+k &n%%n $&r%' $&rk+ri+$(II) i#i%. Jik% k%-i+$ i#i% %n

i"%$*%'k%n *&r-&*i' $%k% %k%n "&r*&n"+k k%-i+$ "&"r%i##$&rk+r%"(II)

(S:&'-%, 2==3). A-k%-#i $&n%n+n %"#$ ni"r#&n %n $&$+n%i

%%n%n &-&k"r#n *&*% &'in% %%" i+n%k%n +n"+k $&$*&n"+k

ik%"%n k#:%-&n k##rin%" &n%n i#n -#%$ (M4M+rr, 133?). P%% +8i

%-k%-#i &n%n &r&%ki M%&r, i&rkir%k%n ni"r#&n %% %-k%-#i %k%n

*&r&%ki &n%n i#n -#%$ K %ri k%-i+$ "&"r%i##$&rk+r%"(II)

$&$*&n"+k k#$-&k k%-i+$0%-k%-#i %n $&n&n%.

HC-1 1KI HI1 KC-

HI1 1KI K 1 [HI1]

K%-i+$ "&"r%i##$&rk+r%" (II)

NN

+ K 2[HgI4] +

K +

Kalium-Alkaloid Endapan

K [HgI4]-

G%$*%r 2. P&rkir%%n r&%ki +8i M%&r

P%% i&n"i!k%i %-k%-#i $&n+n%k%n +8i %n&r ini i"&$+k%n

*%'7% '%i-n% n&%"i:&. S&'%r+n% 8ik% '%i- #i"i9 %-k%-#i %% +8i

%n&r $%k% %k%n i"%n%i &n%n "&r*&n"+kn% &n%%n 4#k-%" $+%

%$%i k+nin. Di&rkir%k%n &n%%n "&r&*+" %%-%' k%-i+$0%-k%-#i.


20/29

P%% &$*+%"%n &r&%ki %n&r, i#in *&r&%ki &n%n i#n I0 %ri

k%-i+$ i#i% $&n'%i-k%n i#n I0 %n *&r7%rn% 4#k-%". P%% +8i %n&r,

i#n -#%$ K %k%n $&$*&n"+k ik%"%n k#:%-&n k##rin%" &n%n

ni"r#&n %% %-k%-#i $&$*&n"+k k#$-&k k%-i+$0%-k%-#i %n

$&n&n%.

I1 I0 I C#k-%"

NN

+ KI + I2 + I3-

CoklatK +

Kalium-Alkaloid Endapan

G%$*%r 1. P&rkir%%n R&%ki U8i %n&r

B&i"+ +n +n"+k '%i- $&n+n%k%n +8i Dr%&n#r9 '%i- +n"+k

%+n "r+k"+k ini 8+% n&%"i:&. S&'%r+n% 8ik% '%i- #i"i9 %-k%-#i %%

+8i Dr%&n#r 8+% %k%n i"%n%i &n%n "&r*&n"+kn% &n%%n 4#k-%"

$+% %$%i k+nin. En%%n "&r&*+" %%-%' k%-i+$0 %-k%-#i. P%%

&$*+%"%n &r&%ki Dr%&n#r, *i$+" ni"r%" i-%r+"k%n %-%$ HC- %%r

"i%k "&r8%i r&%ki 'ir#-ii k%r&n% %r%$0%r%$ *i$+" $+%'"&r'ir#-ii $&$*&n"+k i#n *i$+"i- (BiO), %n r&%kin% i"+n8+kk%n

%% %$*%r.

Bi H1O BiO 1H

G%$*%r . R&ki Hir#-ii Bi$+"

A%r i#n Bi

"&"% *&r%% %-%$ -%r+"%n, $%k% -%r+"%n i"+ i"%$*%'%%$ &'in% k&&"i$*%n%n %k%n *&r&&r k& %r%' kiri. S&-%n8+"n% i#n

Bi %ri *i$+" ni"r%" *&r&%ki &n%n k%-i+$ i#i% $&$*&n"+k

&n%%n 'i"%$ Bi$+"(III) i#i% %n k&$+i%n $&-%r+" %-%$ k%-i+$

i#i% *&r-&*i' $&$*&n"+k k%-i+$ "&"r%i##*i$+"%" (S:&'-%, 2==3).

P%% +8i %-k%-#i &n%n &r&%ki Dr%&n#r, ni"r#&n i+n%k%n +n"+k


21/29

$&$*&n"+k ik%"%n k#:%-&n k##rin%" &n%n K %n $&r+%k%n i#n

-#%$. R&%ki %% +8i Dr%&n#r i"+n8+kk%n %% G%$*%r ? (Mir#-%:,

2=


22/29

COO

O

CH2OH

OHOH

OH

CO2HOH

OH

CH2OHO

OH

+

-ara!inoprio"il-3B-a"etil oleanolat Aglikon #luko"a

G%$*%r 5. R&%ki 'ir#-ii %#nin %-%$ %ir

U8i Li&*&r$%n0B+r4'%r %n $&r+%k%n +8i k%r%k"&ri"ik +n"+k

"&r#- "i%k 8&n+' %n "ri"&r&n (S%n"# et al., 2=). Un"+k %$&- %+n

"r+k"+k "&r%%" &r+*%'%n 7%rn% $&n8%i k&4#k-%"%n &"&-%'

i%n%k%n $&n+n%k%n &$*%k%r *+n&n %n k%ki "i%. S&'%r+n%

%$&- %+n "r+k"+k ini k%$i &k"r%ki &n%n k-#r#9#r$ %n %ir ( 2 /

2 ), %k%n "&"%i k%r&n% k&k+r%n%n *%'%n $%k% '%n% i+k%n %+%&.

K%r&n% "i"ik ii' %ir -&*i' k&4i- %ri%% "i"ik ii' %$&- $%k% "&n"+

%8% %ir %n i"%$*%'k%n %k%n 4&%" $&n+% %n %n "&ri% %%-%'

-%r+"%n %$&- %n "&-%' i&k"r%ki %n &"&-%' i"%$*%' H1SO?

'%i-n% #i"i9 "&r&n#i.

S&-%n8+"n% +n"+k +8i ;%:#n#i, k&"i%0"i% "%*+n r&%ki %n*&rii %$&- '%i-n% n&%"i:&, k%r&n% "i%k "i$*+- *+i' &r"% "i%k

"&r%%" &r+*%'%n %n $&n4#-#k. D%n +n"+k +8i 9&n#-ik '%i-n%

#i"i9 k%r&n% "&r8%i &r+*%'%n 7%rn% $&n8%i *ir+ k&'i"%$%n. H%i-

krinin !"#ki$i% %n "&-%' i-%k+k%n $&n+n8+kk%n *%'7% %-%$

%$&- &k"r%k %+n "r+k"+k $&n%n+n "&r&n#i, "%nin %n #-i9&n#-,


23/29

%#nin, %n 9&n#-ik, n%$+n i+% "i%k $&n%n+n ;%:#n#i %n

%-k%-#i.

S&%nk%n +n"+k %$&- &%+ -ii &"&-%' i+8i, i&r#-&' +n"+k

+8i "%nnin #i"i9 %n +8i %#nin #i"i9, k%rn% &"&-%' ik#4#k

"&r*&n"+k *+%*+i'. S&%nk%n +n"+k 1 krinin !"#ki$i% -%inn% %kni

+8i "&r&n %n "&r#i %n ;%:#n#i "i%k &$%" k%$i +8i k%r&n%

k&'%*i%n 7%k"+.

P%% '%ri k&+%, k%$i +n $&n+8+ k& %n"%i %n $&n+n+

%$%i "&r*&n"+kn% n%r& i &iir %n"%i. T+8+%nn% +n"+k $&n%$*i-

%$&- *&r+% *i#"% -%+" %i"+ #n&. M&-%-+i &r4%k%%n &n%n

$%%r%k%" , n%r& ini %%-%' k&k&rin%n %"%+ $&n++"n% %ir -%+" %%

&iir %n"%i &-%$% *&*&r%% 8%$ &'in% ki"% %%" $&n&*&r%n

k& ii %n -%inn% &ki"%r +k+- 10 i%n. N%r& i %n"%i P#%r&n

ini %%-%' n%r& "&r*&%r %n "&r8%i i P+-%+ S+-%7&i.

S&-%$% n%r& ini, %k%n %n%" $+%' i"&$+k%n *&r*%%i #n&

(*&r*%%i *&n"+k), *i%k, *in"%n -%+", "&ri%n, *%'k%n *+-+ *%*i %n*&r%4+n %n *&r*%'%%. S&-%$% *&*&r%% 8%$ k%$i +n $&n%$*i-

*&*&r%% #n& %n %% +n"+k i8%ik%n %$&- &n&-i"i%n %n krinin

!"#ki$i%. S%$% &&r"i &n%$*i-%n %$&- *i#"% %r%" i '+"%n

r#$*#n%n k%$i +n 8+% i*%n"+ #-&' 1 #r%n *%%k %n +%'

i&r4%%k%n k%r&n% i%n% "&-%' $&n+%%i %n $&n&"%'+i *%n%k

'%- "&n"%n k&+n%%n *i#"%0*i#"% -%+" i P%n"%i P#%r&n ini. K%r&n% %k%n

i+8i i -%*#r%"#ri+$ $%k% %$&- -%+" ini k%$i i$%n i %-%$ "#-& k%4%

%n ir&n%$ &n%n &"%n#- %"%+ 4% "ik+ %%r %7&" %n "%'%n -%$%.

B&rik+" ini %%-%' *&*&r%% k&%-%'%n %n $+nkin "&r8%i &-%$%

r%k"ik+$ &'in% '%i- krinin !"#ki$i% %n i%%"k%n *&r*&% &n%n

+$*&r "ri %n %% /


24/29

2. S%$&- %n %% "i%k i'%-+k%n &n%n *%ik1. Air %n% %n i+n%k%n *+k%n %+%& $&-%ink%n %ir *i%% %n

i%$*i- %ri $%%r%k%". K&-&*i'%n r&%&n $%++n &-%r+" %n i"%$*%'k%n?. L+% %-%$ &n%$*%'%n r&%&n %"%+ "%$*%'%n "&r"&n"+ k%r&n%

k+r%n k&"&-i"i%n5. K+r%nn% *&*&r%% *%'%n &&r"i k-#r#9#r$ %$#ni%k%-.@. H+$%n Err#r

#. KESIMPULAN

H%i- krinin !"#ki$i% $&n+n8+kk%n *%'7% %+n "r+k"+k $&n%n+n

"%nnin, %#nin, "&r&n, %n 9&n#-ik.S&%nk%n '%i- krinin !"#ki$i%

+n"+k %+n &%+ -ii $&n%n+n "%nnin, %#nin, %-k%-#i, %n 9&n#-ik.

O-&' k%r&n% i"+, *%ik %+n "r+k"+k $%++n %+n &%+ -ii (i%+ri)

"&r*+k"i $&$+n%i &n%7%0&n%7% #r%ni4 %n *%ik *%i k&&'%"%n

%n %%" i+n%k%n &*%%i #*%" "r%ii#n%-.


25/29

I. DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Dr+"%$%. 132. Tri %%r &n%i%n !"#ki$i%

('""/r+"%$%.7#rr&.4#$132313"ri0%%r0krinin0&n%i%n0

!"#ki$i%) i%k& 2 M&i 1325

Enr% S&n%n%. 132?. SkrininP&n%i%n Fi"#ki$i% ('""/i-$+0

k&9%r$%i%n.*-##".4#$13231krinin0!"#ki$i%.'"$- ) i%k& 2 M&i

1325

'""/29%r$%i.*-##".4#$132?3krinin0!"#ki$i%0%n0i#-%i0

&n%7%.'"$- i%k& 3 Ari- 1325

M%r-in%, kk. 133. J+rn%- Skrinin Fi"#ki$i% %n An%-ii

Kr#$%"#r%! L%i Tii K#$#n&n Ki$i% B+%' L%*+ Si%$ (Se/hium

edule J%4. S7%r"6.)

'""/&rin".+n.%4.i>?22=@=322==


26/29

J. LAMPIRAN

Daun Sesapu Lidi (Sidaguri)

Herbarium Daun Truktuk

Herbarium Daun Sesapu Lidi (Sidaguri)


27/29

Reagenreagen dan pereaksi yang digunakan

!" Sampel Daun Truktuk


28/29

Terpenoid Tannin #enol

Alkaloid #lavonoid Saponin (busa sudah

hilang)

$" Sampel Daun Sidaguri (Sesapu Lidi)

%&i Tannin %&i Saponin


29/29

laporan pkl biota darat dan laut

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