keburukan kemasukan orang asing

8/7/2019 keburukan kemasukan orang asing

1/46

EKONOMI ASAS/BUKU AKTIVITI/TINGKATAN 5

1

BAB 6 : WANG DAN INSTITUSI KEWANGAN

AKTIVITI 1

: CIRI-CIRI WANG/FUNGSI WANG

1. Benda-benda di bawah merupakan komoditi yang pernah digunakan sebagai wang. Cuba anda jelaskanmengapa benda-benda tersebut tidak dapat bertahan lama sebagai wang seperti mana wang kertas danduit syiling.

Gigi ikan paus

Rokok

Kulit kerang

Logam

Merpati

Lembu

2. Nyatakan fungsi wang yang sesuai bagi setiap situasi yang diberikan dalam rajah di bawah:


2/46


2

AKTIVITI 2

: JENIS DEPOSIT DAN PENGIRAAN FAEDAH

1. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan kadar faedah deposit tetap dan deposit tabungan bagi tahun 1995-2001Tahun Deposit Tabungan (%) Deposit Tetap (%)

1995 3.70 6.511996 4.10 7.18

1997 4.23 8.81

1998 3.87 5.82

1999 2.76 3.24

2000 2.72 3.44

2001 2.28 3.20

(a) Berdasarkan jadual di atas, apakah perbezaan antara deposit tetap dan deposit tabungan?Perbezaan Deposit Tetap Deposit Tabungan

(b) Encik Tan mempunyai wang sebanyak RM5 000.00 dan beliau tidak memerlukan wang tersebut dalammasa setahun. Berdasarkan kadar faedah tahun 2001, kirakan jumlah wang Encik Tan jika beliau

memilih untuk:

(i) Menabung dalam deposit tetap.

(ii)Menabung dalam deposit tabungan.


3/46


3

2. Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua individu dengan keperluan yang berbeza. Berdasarkan rajah tersebut,cadangkan jenis deposit yang sesuai untuk kedua-dua individu dan terangkan mengapa anda berpendapat

sedemikian.

DEPOSIT

_____________________________________

MENGAPA?

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

_____________________________________

DEPOSIT

_______________________________________

MENGAPA?

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________

_______________________________________


4/46


4

AKTIVITI 3:

KEMUDAHAN OVERDRAF DAN KAD KREDIT

1. Puan Fatiha mempunyai baki akaun semasa yang berjumlah RM20 000.00 . Dia mendapat kemudahanoverdraf daripada banknya sebanyak RM10 000.00

(a) Jika Puan Fatiha mengeluarkan cek bernilai RM25 000.00, adakah cek tersebut akan menjadi cek taklaku?

_______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Berapakah nilai overdraf yang digunakan oleh Puan Fatiha?_______________________________________________________________________________

(c) Jika kadar faedah harian yang dikenakan oleh bank ialah 0.5% sehari, berapakah jumlah bayaran balikyang perlu dilakukan oleh Puan Fatiha kepada banknya jika dia mengambil masa satu minggu (7 hari)

untuk membayar balik?

2. Layari laman web bank-bank perdagangan dan Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM). Berdasarkan laman webyang telah anda layari, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:

(a) Apakah syarat-syarat permohonan kad kredit di Malaysia?___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________


5/46


5

(b) Dapatkan data tentang bilangan pemegang kad kredit di Malaysia yang gagal menjelaskan hutang kadkredit.

(c) Kirakan peratusan pemegang kad kredit yang gagal menjelaskan hutang kad kredit untuk tahuntersebut.

(d) Pada pendapat anda, adakah syarat permohonan kad kredit wajar diketatkan? Mengapa?___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________


6/46


6

AKTIVITI 4

: e-PERBANKAN DAN PERKHIDMATAN-PERKHIDMATAN BANK PERDAGANGAN

Layari laman web bank-bank di Malaysia yang menawarkan perkhidmatan e-perbankan.

1. Berdasarkan maklumat yang anda peroleh, jawab soalan-soalan berikut:(a) Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan e-perbankan?

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Terangkan perkhidmatan yang disediakan menerusi e-perbankan.___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Terangkan kebaikan e-perbankan berbanding dengan perkhidmatan perbankan di kaunter.___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Bahagikan kelas anda kepada enam kumpulan. Setiap kumpulan dikehendaki memilih sebuah bankperdagangan. Seterusnya, kumpulkan maklumat tentang perkhidmatan-perkhidmatan yang ditawarkan

oleh bank perdagangan tersebut. Bincangkan cara institusi kewangan (bank) tersebut memenuhi fungsi-

fungsinya sebagai bank perdagangan.


7/46


8/46


8

AKTIVITI 5

: SKIM PERBANKAN ISLAM (SPI)

Berdasarkan petikan di atas, huraikan kebaikan Sistem Perbankan Islam (SPI) berbanding dengan Skim

Perbankan Konvensional dengan menggunakan contoh produk dan prinsip SPI.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

SKIM PERBANKAN ISLAM (SPI) TARIK MINAT PELANGGAN BUKAN ISLAM

Menjelaskan kebaikan SPI, Mahmud berkata, pelanggan akan berkongsi keuntungan

daripada pelaburan dan perniagaan yang dibuat oleh SPI di mana mereka akan menikmati

dividen berbeza dari semasa ke semasa.

Bagi pembiayaan pula, harga dan bayaran balik yang tetap sepanjang tempoh pembiayaan

menyebabkannya tidak terikat kepada turun naik kadar asas pinjaman (BLR).

Ini memudahkan pelanggan membuat perancangan belanjawan tahunan masing-masing.

Dalam masa yang sama, mereka boleh menikmati muqassah (diskaun) ke atas harga

jualan sekiranya pembiayaan lebih awal daripada jadual pembayaran balik, katanya

(Sumber : Utusan Online)


9/46


9

AKTIVITI 6

: CARA BANK PUSAT MENGAWAL INFLASI DAN KEMELESETAN EKONOMI

1. Berdasarkan rajah di atas;(a) Terangkan perubahan syarat pinjaman yang berlaku dalam situasi di atas.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

(b) Jelaskan kesan perubahan syarat pinjaman ke atas ekonomi.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________

2. Untuk setiap pernyataan di bawah, nyatakan betul atau salah.Pernyataan Betul /Salah

(a) Bank pusat akan membantu memberikan pinjaman ketika kerajaan menghadapi

kekurangan belanjawan.(b) Bank pusat menyimpan rizab tunai di bank perdagangan.

(c) Semasa inflasi, bank pusat akan mengurangkan kadar faedah dan meningkatkan

rizab berkanun.

(d) Tindakan bank pusat melonggarkan syarat sewa beli boleh membantu merangsang

semula ekonomi negara.

(e) Bank pusat menjual surat jaminan kerajaan semasa kemelesetan ekonomi bagi

meningkatkan penawaran wang di pasaran.

(f) Bank pusat akan meningkatkan kadar rizab berkanun untuk meningkatkan

keupayaan bank perdagangan member pinjaman.

(g) Apabila nilai Ringgit Malaysia jatuh, bank pusat akan menjual Ringgit Malaysia

untuk meningkatkan nilai Ringgit Malaysia.


10/46


10

AKTIVITI 7

: INSTITUSI KEWANGAN BUKAN BANK

Lawati salah satu laman web institusi kewangan bukan bank di Malaysia. Rujuk maklumat tentang aktiviti

pelaburan institusi kewangan bukan bank tersebut. Berdasarkan maklumat daripada laman web tersebut;

(a) Terangkan aktiviti pelaburan yang dijalankan oleh kedua-dua institusi kewangan bukan bank tersebut._______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Jelaskan sumbangan institusi kewangan bukan bank kepada ekonomi negara hasil daripada kegiatanpelaburannya.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________


11/46


11

AKTIVITI 8

: INSTITUSI KEWANGAN BUKAN BANK

Bahagikan kelas kepada enam kumpulan. Setiap satu kumpulan dikehendaki mengumpul maklumat tentang

salah satu daripada institusi kewangan bukan bank berikut:

Bank Simpanan Nasional Lembaga Tabung Haji (LTH) Syarikat insurans Syarikat takaful Kumpulan Wang Simpanan Pekerja (KWSP)

Seterusnya, berdasarkan pembentangan yang dibuat, setiap pelajar dikehendaki membuat buku skrap tentang

fungsi dan sumbangan institusi kewangan bukan bank kepada perkembangan ekonomi negara.


12/46


12

BAB 7 : EKONOMI MALAYSIA

AKTIVITI 1

: SUMBANGAN SEKTOR EKONOMI KEPADA PENDAPATAN NEGARA

Sektor\Tahun1991 1996 2001

RM juta Peratus (%) RM juta Peratus (%) RM juta Peratus (%)Utama 29 472 34.2 33 363 23.7 34 161 16.2

Kedua 27 547 32.0 50 834 36.1 70 695 33.6

Ketiga 37 176 43.1 58 451 41.5 118 764 56.4

Berdasarkan data dalam jadual di atas;

(a) Lukiskan carta bar untuk menunjukkan peratus sumbangan setiap sector ekonomi bagi tahun 1991,1996,dan 2001.

(b) Apakah ramalan anda terhadap peranan setiap sektor kepada ekonomi negara pada masa depan?_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________


13/46


13

AKTIVITI 2

: MASALAH PERGANTUNGAN EKONOMI KEPADA SEKTOR KEDUA

Jelaskan pernyataan di atas.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Masalah pergantungan ekonomi kepada komoditi utama telah menyebabkan aktiviti

ekonomi Malaysia beralih kepada sector pembuatan. Walau bagaimanapun,

pergantungan kepada sector pembuatan (elektrik dan elektronik) juga telah membawa

masalah kepada ekonomi negara.


14/46


14

AKTIVITI 3

: KESAN PERGANTUNGAN EKONOMI KEPADA SEKTOR UTAMA DARI SEGI GUNA TENAGA

Pengeluaran, bilangan lombong dan jumlah pekerjaan dalam industri perlombongan bijih timah

Tahun Pengeluaran

(000 tan)

Bilangan Lombong Bilangan pekerja

(000 orang)Kapal korek Pam kelikir Lombong dedah1990 28.5 24 88 29 8 508

1995 6.4 4 20 16 1 928

2000 6.1 2 25 10 1 707

Jadual di atas menunjukkan pengeluaran, bilangan lombong dan jumlah pekerja dalam industry perlombongan

bijih timah negara dari tahun 1990-2000.

Berdasarkan jadual di atas;

(a) Terangkan prestasi industri bijih timah dari aspek pengeluaran dan guna tenaga._______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Huraikan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan perubahan prestasi industri bijih timah._______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________


15/46


15

AKTIVITI 4 :

SUMBANGAN SEKTOR-SEKTOR EKONOMI NEGARA TERHADAP KDNK

Peratus sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK)

Sektor\Tahun 1965 1975 1985 1995 2000

Utama 40.4 32.2 30.4 18.5 16.2Kedua 14.5 20.2 24.3 31.5 35.6

Ketiga 45.1 45.0 44.0 51.2 53.6


(a) Lukis graf garis untuk menunjukkan arah aliran sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada ekonomiMalaysia.

(b) Berdasarkan graf tersebut, terangkan pola sumbangan sektor-sektor ekonomi kepada ekonomi Malaysia._______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Ramalkan hala tuju sektor-sektor ekonomi berdasarkan dasar-dasar ekonomi semasa yang dijalankan olehkerajaan.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________


16/46


16

AKTIVITI 5

: PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI

Berdasarkan rajah di atas;

(a) Jelaskan perubahan struktur yang berlaku dalam ekonomi Malaysia pada akhir tahun 1980an sehingga kehari ini.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Terangkan dua petunjuk yang digunakan untuk melihat kepentingan sektor-sektor dalam ekonomi negara._______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________


17/46


17

AKTIVITI 6

: FAKTOR-FAKTOR PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI NEGARA

Berdasarkan dialog di atas;

(a) Nyatakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perubahan dalam struktur ekonomi yang dimaksudkan olehwanita tersebut.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Bagaimanakah faktor-faktor tersebut membawa perubahan yang besar dalam struktur ekonomi negara?_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________


18/46


18

AKTIVITI 7

: KESAN PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR EKONOMI NEGARA

Kenyataan di atas dipetik daripada Ucapan Belanjawan 2001. Ia menunjukkan antara kesan perubahan struktur

ekonomi negara Malaysia. Berdasarkan petikan tersebut;

(a) Jelaskan bagaimanakah perubahan struktur ekonomi telah meningkatkan pelaburan langsung asing diMalaysia?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Apakah sumbangan pelaburan langsung asing kepada pembangunan ekonomi negara?_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Pelaburan langsung asing ke negara ini telah meningkat. Permohonan pelaburan dalam

sektor perkilangan yang dikemukakan kepada Lembaga Kemajuan Perindustrian Malaysia

(MIDA), telah kembali meningkat dengan ketara sebanyak 67.6 peratus bernilai RM17.5

bilion bagi tempoh tujuk bulan pertama 2000.

(Sumber : Dipetik daripada Ucapan Belanjawan, Menteri Kewangan, 2001)


19/46


19

AKTIVITI 8

: SUMBER HASIL KERAJAAN (HASIL CUKAI)

Berdasarkan petikan di atas;

(a) Senaraikan jenis-jenis cukai yang perlu dibayar._______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Mengapakah cukai-cukai ini perlu dibayar?_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

Pengelak cukai diburu LHDN, Kastam lancer operasi besar-besaran mulai 11 Jun

KUALA PERLIS, 27 Mei Pemilik syarikat, peniaga dan individu yang tidak menjelaskan

cukai pendapatan dan perkhidmatan akan diburu dalam operasi bersama secara besar-

besaran oleh Kastam Diraja Malaysia dan Lembaga Hasil Dalam Negeri (LHDN), bermula 11

Jun ini.

Ketua Pengarah Kastam, Datuk Paduka Abdul Halil Mutalib berkata, operasi bersama yang

pertama kali diadakan itu akan mendapat kerjasama Pejabat Pendaftar Syarikat (ROC) bagi

mengesan hasil pendapatan individu, syarikat dan peniaga terbabit yang tidak membayar

cukai.

(Sumber : Utusan Online, 4 Jun, 2003)


20/46


20

AKTIVITI 9

: SUMBER HASIL KERAJAAN (HASIL BUKAN CUKAI)

Dalam jangka masa 20 tahun yang akan dating, Malaysia mungkin akan mengalami kehausan sumber

petroleum. Anda dikehendaki membincangkan langkah-langkah yang boleh diambil oleh kerajaan bagi

mengatasi masalah kekurangan hasil pendapatan negara ekoran daripada kehilangan sumber pertroleum

tersebut.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________


21/46


21

AKTIVITI 10

: PERBELANJAAN KERAJAAN

1. Wajarkah sektor pertahanan menerima peruntukan terbesar berbanding dengan sektor pembangunanekonomi? Sediakan dua kumpulan dan bahaskan isu tersebut.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________

2. Jelaskan perbezaan antara perbelanjaan mengurus dan perbelanjaan pembangunan._______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

3. Apakah yang akan berlaku jika perbelanjaan mengurus dikurangkan? Bincangkan kesan-kesannyaterhadap ekonomi negara.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________


22/46


22

AKTIVITI 11

: JENIS BELANJAWAN / JENIS PERBELANJAAN KERAJAAN

1. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan jumlah perbelanjaan dan hasil kerajaan Persekutuan dari tahun 1999-2003.Berdasarkan maklumat yang diberi, tentukan jenis belanjawan kerajaan Malaysia.

Tahun PerbelanjaanMengurus

PerbelanjaanPembangunan

Hasil Kerajaan Jenis Belanjawan

1999 46 699 21 463 58 675

2000 56 547 25 032 61 864

2001 63 757 34 232 79 567

2002 66 706 33 642 83 550

2003* 71 737 32 963 89 793

*anggaran (Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002,2003)

2. Tentukan sama ada setiap item di bawah merupakan perbelanjaan mengurus (M) atau perbelanjaanpembangunan (P).

Peruntukan Perbelanjaan Jenis Perbelanjaan(a) Kerajaan akan menyediakan geran padanan untuk setiap seringgit

sebagai bantuan kewangan merawat penyakit kronik bagi kumpulan

berpendapatan rendah. Dana awal RM100 juta akan ditubuhkan.

(b) Kerajaan akan memperkenalkan satu kampong satu industry dan

melibatkan pembangunan industry kecil yang memerlukan pekerja 10

hingga 100 orang.

(c) RM2.56 bilion diperuntukkan pada 2003 untuk kemudahan prasarana di

kawasan luar bandar, naik 36 peratus dari tahun 2002.

(d) Bagi memastikan pelaksanaan berkesan dalam pengajaran sains dan

matematik, para guru akan dibekalkan dengan computer notebook,

projector LCD dan kelengkapan lain. Ia melibatkan RM978.7 juta untuk

dibelanjakan tahun ini dan pada tahun 2003.

(e) 250 buah sekolah akan mendapat akses internet di bawah fasa pertama

program mengurangkan jurang digital di kawasan-kawasan pedalaman

Sabah dan Sarawak.

(f) Bonus sebulan atau minimum RM1 200.00 untuk kakitangan awam.


23/46


23

AKTIVITI 12

: BELANJAWAN NEGARA SEBAGAI ALAT MENGAWAL INFLASI DAN KEMELESETAN EKONOMI

Dalam belanjawan pada tahun ini, kerajaan akan meningkatkan kesemua cukai pendapatan perseorangan

bagi mengurangkan pendapatan boleh guna isi rumah. Kesannya, kuasa beli isi rumah akan menurun.

Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, anda dikehendaki mengkaji secara berkumpulan tentang kesan peningkatancukai terhadap ekonomi negara ke atas guru dan kakitangan sekolah. Bahagikan mereka kepada empat

kumpulan pendapatan, iaitu:

(a) Pendapatan antara RM500 RM1 500(b) Pendapatan antara RM1 501 RM2 500(c) Pendapatan antara RM2 501 RM3 000(d) Pendapatan melebihi RM3 000


24/46


24

AKTIVITI 13

: SUMBER PINJAMAN KERAJAAN

1. Jelaskan pernyataan di atas._______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan jumlah pinjaman dalam negeri dan luar negara kerajaan persekutuan bagitahun 2001 dan 2002.

Sumber Pinjaman 2001 (RM juta) 2002 (RM juta)

Dalam negeri 121 396 121 105

Luar negara 24 329 37 578


(a) Nyatakan kedudukan hutang negara bagi tahun 2001 dan 2002.___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Bagaimanakah caranya kerajaan mendapatkan pinjaman dari dalam negeri dan luar negara? Jelaskan.___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

Langkah kerajaan Malaysia meminjam dari sumber dalam negeri dapat

mengelakkan kejatuhan nilai mata wang.


25/46


25

(c) Pada pendapat anda, mengapakah kerajaan lebih berminat untuk meminjam daripada sumber dalamnegeri berbanding dengan sumber luar negara? Jelaskan pendapat anda.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________


26/46


26

BAB 8 : HUBUNGAN EKONOMI ANTARABANGSA

AKTIVITI 1

: PERBEZAAN PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA

Terangkan perbezaan perdagangan dalam negeri dengan perdagangan antarabangsa yang menyebabkan

wujudnya masalah di atas. Huraikan.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

Kali ini satu pasukan petugas khas yang dianggotai oleh Padiberas Nasional Berhad (Bernas),

Kementerian Perdagangan Dalam Negeri dan Hal Ehwal Pengguna (KPDNHEP), Jabatan Kastam dan

Polis ditubuhkan bagi membanteras penyeludupan beras secara bersepadu. Pasukan khas ini bukan

sahaja akan melipatgandakan penguatkuasaan bagi memastikan sindiket penyeludupan beras gagal

melepasi sempadan masuk ke negara ini, malah turut member ganjaran lumayan berupa wang

kepada sesiapa sahaja yang member maklumat tepat tentang penyeludupan beras.

[Sumber : Dipetik dan diubahsuai daripada MASSA, Disember 2001]


27/46


27

AKTIVITI 2

KEBAIKAN DAN KEBURUKAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA

: PERSAMAAN DAN PERBEZAAN PERDAGANGAN DALAM NEGERI DAN ANTARABANGSA/

1. Jelaskan tentang pernyataan di bawah dan apakah kesan negatif yang akan timbul dalam ekonomiMalaysia.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Jelaskan pernyataan di bawah:

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Dasar terbuka yang diperkenalkan oleh negara China akan menjadi persaingan yang

utama di pasaran Asia Tenggara.

Perdagangan antarabangsa menguntungkan semua pihak dari pelbagai aspek.

Contohnya, pengguna mendapat pilihan yang banyak manakala pengeluar boleh

memperluaskan pasaran ke luar negara.


28/46


28

3. Berdasarkan peta yang menunjukkan perjalanan perdagangan di atas, jelaskan persamaan dan perbezaanaktiviti perdagangan antara Kuala Lumpur ke Johor Bahru dengan Kuala Lumpur ke Singapura.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________


29/46


29

AKTIVITI 3 : KOMPOSISI EKSPORT MALAYSIA

Bincangkan pernyataan di atas.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

Pengkhususan dalam pengeluaran barang tidak Nampak (seperti pelancongan) adalah

lebih baik kepada ekonomi Malaysia berbanding mengkhusus dalam pengeluaran barang

Nampak (seperti minyak kelapa sawit).


30/46


30

AKTIVITI 4

: KOMPOSIS EKSPORT DAN IMPORT MALAYSIA

1. Bincangkan secara kumpulan tentang komposis eksport dan import Malaysia dalam era globalisasi._______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

2. Apakah tindakan kerajaan sebagai persediaan dalam menghadapi pelaksanaan Kawasan PerdaganganBebas Asean (AFTA)?

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

3. Malaysia telah membuka pasaran automobile untuk Kawasan Perdagangan Bebas Asean (AFTA).Bincangkan dalam kumpulan secara khusus bagaimana kerajaan dan pengeluar tempatan akan bertindak

untuk menghadapi persaingan yang sengit dengan pengedar-pengedar kereta import.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________


31/46


31

4. Nyatakan komposisi eksport dan import barang nampak, komposisi eksport dan import barang tidakNampak serta rakan dagang Malaysia.

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________


32/46


32

AKTIVITI 5 : IMBANGAN DAGANGAN

Kedudukan imbangan dagangan Malaysia bagi tahun 2001

Eksport dan Import Jumlah (RM juta)

Eksport barang pembuatan 145 486Eksport komoditi pertanian 8 050

Eksport komoditi perlombongan 12 239

Import barang modal 22 880

Import barang perkilangan 103 839

Import barang penggunaan 8 312

Berdasarkan maklumat di dalam jadual di atas, tentukan kedudukan imbangan dagangan Malaysia bagi

tahun 2001 dengan melengkapkan jadual di bawah.

Perkara RM juta

Jumlah eksport nampakJumlah import nampak

Imbangan dagangan


33/46


33

AKTIVITI 6

: IMBANGAN PEMBAYARAN

Akaun Semasa 2002

Bersih (RM juta)

A Barang dan Perkhidmatan 59 495

1.

Barang 68 1901.1 Eksport 349 471

1.2 Import 281 281

2. Perkhidmatan -8 6952.1 Pengangkutan -13 005

2.2 Perjalanan 18 158

2.3 Urus Niaga Kerajaan 25

2.4 Perkhidmatan Lain -13 873

B Pendapatan -27 780

C Pindahan Semasa -8 483

D Imbangan Akaun Semasa 23 232

(Sumber :Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia)

1. Jadual di atas menunjukkan imbangan semasa Malaysia bagi tahun 2002. Berdasarkan jadual tersebut(a) Terangkan kedudukan akaun dagangan, imbangan perkhidmatan dan imbangan akaun semasa

negara.

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Jelaskan takrif akaun pendapatan___________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Jelaskan mengapa imbangan akaun perkhidmatan adalah negatif.___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________


34/46


34

2. Menggunakan maklumat daripada jadual di bawah, kirakan:Perkara Nilai Bersih (RM juta)

Pengangkutan 385 668

Eksport kerajaan -14 124

Urusan kerajaan 33Pindahan semasa -8 728

Perkhidmatan lain -17 178

Import barang nampak 313 840

Pendapatan -30 490

Perjalanan 20 784

(Sumber : Laporan Ekonomi Malaysia, 2002/03)

(a) Imbangan akaun dagangan

(b) Imbangan akaun perkhidmatan

(c) Imbangan akaun semasa


35/46


36/46


36

Akaun kewangan

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

Imbangan keseluruhan

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Apakah perbezaan antara imbangan pembayaran tahun 2000 dengan imbangan pembayaran tahun 2001?_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

(d) Terangkan pergerakan rizab asing untuk tahun 2000 dan 2001._______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________


37/46


37

AKTIVITI 8 :

SEKATAN PERDAGANGAN ANTARABANGSA

1. Berdasarkan petikan di atas;(a) Mengapakah malaysia menggesa Taiwan menurunkan duti import?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________

(b) Apakah bentuk sekatan lain yang dikenakan oleh Taiwan kepada Malaysia?___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

(c) Terangkan keburukan sekatan perdagangan yang dikenakan oleh Taiwan ke atas Malaysia?____________________________________________________

keburukan kemasukan orang asing

Documents