forces and motion question 1 -...

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1 1 MODUL KEM PECUTAN FIZIK 2015 FORCES AND MOTION QUESTION 1 1. A car was break down while in transit to home town. Diagram 7.1 shows a truck pulling a car with a cable. The mass of the car is 500 kg. Sebuah kereta mengalami kerosakan semasa dalam perjalanan pulang ke kampong. Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan sebuah trak sedang menunda sebuah kereta dengan menggunakan kabel. Jisim kereta ialah 500 kg. A car break down Diagram 7.1 / Rajah 7.1 (a) What is the meaning of weight? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan berat? ……………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark] (b) Calculate the weight of the car. Hitung berat kereta tersebut. [2 marks] (c) In Diagram 7.1, mark the direction of the weight of the car stated in 7(b). Di dalam Rajah 7.1, labelkan arah berat kereta yang dinyatakan di dalam 7 (b). [1 mark] (d) Diagram 7.2 shows the cable is at an angle of 30 0 to the horizontal. The force, F, of the cable is 10000 N. Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan kabel itu adalah pada sudut 30 0 dari ufuk. Car / kereta Truck / trak

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Page 1: FORCES AND MOTION QUESTION 1 - myintek.infomyintek.info/kastek16/documents/Fizik/MODULKEMPECUTANFIZIK2… · 1 1 MODUL KEM PECUTAN FIZIK 2015 FORCES AND MOTION QUESTION 1 1. A car

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FORCES AND MOTION

QUESTION 1

1. A car was break down while in transit to home town. Diagram 7.1 shows a truck pulling a car

with a cable. The mass of the car is 500 kg.

Sebuah kereta mengalami kerosakan semasa dalam perjalanan pulang ke kampong. Rajah

7.1 menunjukkan sebuah trak sedang menunda sebuah kereta dengan menggunakan kabel.

Jisim kereta ialah 500 kg.

A car break down

Diagram 7.1 / Rajah 7.1

(a) What is the meaning of weight?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan berat?

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(b) Calculate the weight of the car.

Hitung berat kereta tersebut.

[2 marks]

(c) In Diagram 7.1, mark the direction of the weight of the car stated in 7(b).

Di dalam Rajah 7.1, labelkan arah berat kereta yang dinyatakan di dalam 7 (b).

[1 mark]

(d) Diagram 7.2 shows the cable is at an angle of 300 to the horizontal.

The force, F, of the cable is 10000 N.

Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan kabel itu adalah pada sudut 300 dari ufuk.

Car / kereta

Truck / trak

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Daya, F, pada kabel adalah 10000 N.

Diagram 7.2 / Rajah 7.2

(i) On Diagram 7.2, draw the horizontal component, Fx and the vertical

component Fy for F.

In your drawing show the direction of Fxand Fy.

Dalam Rajah 7.2, lukiskan komponen ufuk, Fx, dan komponen tegak, Fy

untuk F.

Dalam lukisan anda tunjukkan arah Fx dan Fy.

[2 marks]

(ii) What is the effect of the component of forces, Fx and Fy to the towed

car?

Apakah kesan komponen daya, Fx dan Fy kepada kereta yang ditunda

itu?

Fx :……………………………………………………………………………

Fy :……………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(iii) Complete the following sentence by ticking () the correct word.

Lengkapkan ayat berikut dengan menandakan () perkataan yang betul

The magnitude of the horizontal component, Fxis ……

Magnitud komponen ufuk Fxialah……

10 000 cos 30

10 000 sin 30 [1 mark]

(e) Diagram 7.3 shows the same truck pulling a car with bigger mass.

Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan trak yang sama sedang menunda sebuah kereta dengan jisim yang lebih

besar.

Diagram 7.3 / Rajah 7.3

30

F = 10 000N

30

F = 10 000N

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When the mass of the car increases, the car moves slower.

Apabila jisim kereta bertambah, kereta tersebut bergerak perlahan.

Suggest one method to pull the car so that it can move faster.

Cadangkan one kaedah untuk menarik kereta tersebut supaya ia bergerak dengan lebih laju.

Method :

……………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

QUESTION 2

2. Diagram 8.1 shows a four wheel drive used in a four-wheel drive expedition to Taman

Negara. In the expedition, the vehicle will be drive through a hilly and unpaved area,

and to cross streams.

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan sebuah kenderaan pemacu empat roda yang digunakan di

dalam ekspedisi pemacu empat roda ke Taman Negara. Di dalam ekspedisi ini,

kenderaan tersebut akan dipandu melalui kawasan berbukit dan beralun, dan

merentasi sungai.

Diagram 8.1/Rajah 8.1

(a) What is the meaning of acceleration?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pecutan?

………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(b) Table 8 shows the characteristic of vehicles that can be used in the expedition,

Jadual 8 menunjukkan ciri-ciri kenderaan yang akan digunakan di dalam ekspedisi

tersebut.

Characteristics

Vehicles Mass / kg

Engine Capacity (cc) /

cm3 Diameter of tyre / mm

P 1000 2000 400

Q 3000 2500 800

R 2000 1500 600

Table 8

You are asked to investigate the characteristics of the vehicles that can be used in the expedition.

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Based on Table 8, state the suitable characteristics of the vehicles that can be used in the

expedition.

Give reason for the suitability of the properties.

Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri kenderaan yang akan digunakan di dalam

ekspedisi tesebut.

Berdasarkan Jadual 8, nyatakan ciri-ciri kenderaan yang sesuai yang boleh digunakan di

dalam ekspedisi tersebut.

Beri sebab mengapa ciri-ciri tersebut sesuai.

(i) mass / jisim

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

Reason / sebab

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) Engine Capacity / kapasiti enjin

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

Reason / sebab

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(iii) Diameter of tyre / diameter tayar

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

Reason / sebab

………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(c) Based on the answer in 8(b), determine the most suitable vehicles in Table 8 that can be

used in the expedition.

Berdasarkan jawapan di 8(b), tentukan kenderaan dalam Jadual 8 yang paling sesuai

yang boleh digunakan di dalam ekspedisi tersebut.

………………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(d) Diagram 8.2 shows a car is move on a straight road.

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan sebuah kereta bergerak di atas sebatang jalan lurus.

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Diagram 8.2 / Rajah 8.2

The car starts from rest and reaches a velocity of 50 ms-1 after 10 s.

Then, he maintain the speed for 20 s.

Beliau bermula dari keadaan rehat dan mencapai halaju 50 ms-1 selepas 10 s.

Kemudian, beliau mengekalkan kelajuannya selama 20 s.

(i) Calculate the acceleration of the car in the first 10 s.

Hitung pecutan kereta itu dalam masa 10 s yang pertama.

[ 2 marks ]

(ii) In the space below, sketch the velocity – time graph to represent the motion of the car.

Di dalam ruang di bawah, lakarkan graf halaju – masa untuk mewakili gerakan

kereta tersebut

Velocity (ms-1)

Time (s)

[ 2 marks ]

SECTION B

QUESTION 3

7. Diagram 10.1 shows the state of the car before and after the accident.

Rajah 10.1 dan 10.2 menunjukkan keadaan kereta sebelum dan selepas

kemalangan.

Zone X

Zone X Diagram 10.1

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(a) (i) Name the zone X? [1 mark]

Namakan zon X?

(ii) Explain what happen to zone X when the car involved in head-on

Collision. Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada zon X apabila kereta

tersebut terlibat dengan pelanggaran depan ke depan.

[2 marks]

(iii) State two functions of zone X during collison.

Nyatakan dua fungsi zon X semasa berlaku pelanggaran.

[2 marks]

(b) Diagram below shows two car moving in high speed before applying the

emergency brake.

Skidded when braking in emergency

Car without ABS brake Car with ABS brake

Diagram 10.2 Diagram 10.3

Based on Diagram 10.2 and 10.3 state the common characteristics of the two situates.

Relate the characteristics to the physics concepts involved.

Berdasarkan Rajah 10.2 dan 10.3, bandingkan ciri yang sama diantara dua

situasi ini. Hubungkaitkan ciri-ciri tersebut terhadap konsep fizik

[5marks]

Diagram 10.2

Not skidded when

braking in emergency

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(c) Diagram 3.4 shows a car speeding on a road. Diagram 3.5 shows the car

crashing on a boulder. Due to lack of safety features, the driver sustained serious

injuries.

Rajah 3.4 menunjukkan sebuah kereta bergerak laju di atas sebuah jalanraya.Rajah 3.5

menunjukkan kereta tersebut berlanggar dengan sebijibatu yang besar. Disebabkan oleh

kekurangan ciri-ciri keselamatan, pemandu tersebut mengalami kecederaan yang serius.

Suggest various features to be added to the car to improve its safety standard and

explain how each feature can reduce injury of the driver.

You should use your knowledge of inertia and impulsive force to explainthese

suggestions, to overcome the following facts concerning the car :

i) the car stopped too suddenly upon hitting the object

ii) the driver thrown out of the car after hit the dashboard and breaking the

windscreen

iii) sharp pieces of glass from the shattered windscreen cut the head of the driver

Cadangkan ciri-ciri keselamatan yang boleh ditambah kepada kereta tersebut untuk

memperbaiki tahap keselamatannya dan terangkan bagaimana setiap ciri-ciri boleh

mengurangkan kecederaan yang dialami oleh pemandu. Anda seharusnya

menggunakan pengetahuan anda mengenai inersia dan daya impuls untuk

menerangkan cadangan anda, bagi mengatasi masalah-masalah yang berkaitan

dengan kereta seperti berikut:

i) kereta berhenti mendadak ketika menghentam objek

ii) pemandu tercampak keluar dari kereta apabila menghentam dashboard dan

memecahkan cermin hadapan kereta.

iii) kepingan kaca yang tajam daripada cermin hadapan yang berderai

memotong kepala pemandu.

[10 marks]

Diagram 3.4 Diagram 3.5

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SECTION C

QUESTION 4

10. Diagram 12.1 shows a helmet, gloves and jacket worn by bikers of a motorcycle racing

tournament.

Diagram 12.2 shows the scenery when there is a crash that could happen in a race.

Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan sebuah helmet, sarung tangan, dan jaket yang dipakai oleh

seorang penunggang motorsikal dalam perlumbaan.

Rajah 12.2 menunjukkan keadaan apabila berlakunya perlanggaran dalam sesuatu

perlanggaran.

Diagram 12.1 Diagram 12.2

(a) What is meant by impulsive force? [1 mark]

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan daya impuls? [1 markah]

(b) Explain why the bikers must wear the helmet, gloves and jacket in a race.

[4 marks]

Terangkan mengapa penunggang motorsikal mesti memakai helmet, sarung tangan

dan jaket dalam perlumbaan.

[4 markah]

(c) A racing motorcycle of mass 202 kg accelerates from rest to its maximum

velocity of 160 kmh -1 in 10 s.

Sebuah motorsikal perlumbaan dengan jisim 202 kg memecut dari keadaan rehat ke

halaju maksima 160 kmj-1 dalam 10 s.

(i) Calculate the acceleration of the racing motorcycle.

Hitungkan pecutan motorsikal perlumbaan tersebut.

(ii) Calculate the force acting on the racing motorcycle.

Hitungkan daya yang bertindak ke atas motorsikal perlumbaan tersebut.

[5 marks]

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[5 markah]

(d) Diagram 11.3 shows four racing motorcycles, P, Q, R and S, with different specifications.

You are required to determine the most suitable motorcycle to move fast and safe when

racing.

Study the specifications of all the four motorcycles from the following aspects:

Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan empat motorsikal perlumbaan, P, Q, R, dan S, dengan spesifikasi

yang berbeza.

Anda dikehendaki menentukan motorsikal perlumbaan yang paling sesuai digunakan untuk

bergerak dengan laju dan selamat semasa perlumbaan.

Kaji spesifikasi keempat-empat motorsikal itu dari aspek berikut:

- the type of brakes

jenis brek

- the width of tyres

lebar tayar

- mass of motorcycle

jisim motorsikal

- the seat height ( measured from the lowest setting of the seat to the ground)

ketinggian tempat duduk (ukur daripada kedudukan terendah tempat duduk ke

tanah)

Explain the suitability of the aspects.

Justify your choice.

Terangkan kesesuaian aspek-aspek itu.

Beri sebab bagi pilihan anda.

[10 marks]

[10 markah]

Racing bike P

Type of brake : without

ABS

Mass : 205.0 kg

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Racing bike Q

Type of brake : without

ABS

Mass : 220.0 kg

Racing bike R

Type of brake : ABS

(Antilock Brake System)

Mass : 208.0 kg

Racing bike S

Type of brake : ABS

(Antilock Brake System)

Mass : 242.0 kg

DIAGRAM 12.3/ Rajah 12.3

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FORCES AND PRESSURE : PASCAL’S PRINCIPLE

QUESTION 1 : TERENGGANU TRIAL 2008

7. Diagram 7.1 shows a dentist chair for children. The chair uses a hydraulic system.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan sebuah kerusi untuk mencabut gigi kanak-kanak. Kerusi ini

menggunakan sistem hidraulik.

Diagram 10.1 / Rajah 10.1

(a) Name the physics principle used in a hidraulic system.

Namakan prinsip fizik yang digunakan dalam sistem hidraulik.

………………………………………………..............................................................

[1 mark]

(b) Explain how the chair can be lifted up when the pedal is pressed down?

Terangkan bagaimana kerusi itu dapat dinaikkan apabila pedal ditekan ke bawah?

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

(c) Why the system is less effective if air bubbles are present in hydraulic fluid?

Mengapakah system itu kurang berkesan jika gelembung udara wujud dalam

cecair hidraulik?

………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

(d) The cross sectional area of the big piston and the small piston are 100 cm2 and

20 cm2 respectively. The mass of the chair is 20 kg.

Calculate the force exerted on the small piston to lifted up the child of 30 kg.

Luas keratan rentas omboh besar dan omboh kecil masing-masing adalah 100 cm2

dan 20 cm2. Jisim kerusi ialah 20 kg.

Hitungkan daya yang dikenakan pada omboh kecil untuk mengangkat seorang

kanak-kanak berjisim 30 kg.

[2 marks]

small piston big

pedal

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(e) Suggest the modifications required to the size of piston and the size of the seat so

that the chair is suitable and safe for the use of adults. Give the reasons.

Cadangkan pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan pada saiz omboh dan saiz

tempat duduk supaya kerusi ini sesuai dan selamat digunakan untuk orang

dewasa. Berikan sebab. [4 marks]

Piston size / Saiz piston :……………………………………………………………

Reason /Sebab :……………………………………………………………

Seat size / Saiz tempat duduk :…………………………………………………………...

Reason / Sebab :……………………………………………………………

QUESTION 4 : TRIAL PAHANG 2008

11. Diagram 11.1 shows the brake system of a car.

Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan sistem brek bagi sebuah kereta.

Pedal pad brek

Bendalir brek

Cakera brek

Diagram 11.1 / Rajah 11.1

(a) State the physics principle involved in the the operation of the brake system.

Nyatakan prinsip fizik yang terlibat dalam kendalian satu sistem brek .

[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(b) Exlplain how the system operates when the car needs to slow down.

Terangkan bagaimana sistem brek beroperasi bila kereta hendak diperlahankan

[4 marks] / [4 markah]

(c) Table 11.2 shows the specifications of components that can be used in brake

systems , P,Q,R,S andT.

Jadual 11.2 di bawah menunjukkan spesifikasi bagi komponen yang digunakan

dalam sistem brek P, Q, R, S dan T.

Brake fluid

Brake pedal Brake pads

Brake disc

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Brake

system

Sistem

brek

Specifications of components in a car brake system

Spesifikasi komponen sistem brek kereta

Specific heat capacity of

brake disc / J kg-10 C-1

Muatan haba tentu cakera

brek / J kg-10 C-1

Melting point of

brake disc / 0 C

Takat lebur cakera

brek / 0 C

Compression of

brake fluid

Kemampatan

bendalir brek

Hardness of

brake pads

Kekuatan

pad brek

P 360 930 Difficult

Sukar

High

Tinggi

Q 2400 1220 Difficult

Sukar

Low

Rendah

R 890 580 Easy

Mudah

High

Tinggi

S 2210 1940 Difficult

Sukar

High

Tinggi

T 1460 2070 Easy

Mudah

Low

Rendah

Table 11.2/ Rajah 11.2

Based on Table 11.2

Berdasarkan Jadual 11.2 :

You are required to determine the most suitable brake system and explain the

suitability of the aspects in Table 11.2

Anda diminta mengenalpasti system brek yang paling sesuai dan terangkan

kesesuaian aspek - aspek yang tertera di Jadual 11.2

[10 markah] / [10 markah]

(d) Diagram 11.3 shows a hydraulic system used to raise a load by a distance of X m.

A force of 50 N is applied on piston A of cross –sectional area 2 cm2.

Load is placed on piston B of cross –sectional area 15 cm2.

Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan satu system hidraulik yang digunakan untuk menaikkan

beban setinggi X m. Daya ,50 N digunakan di omboh A berluas keratan rentas

2cm2. Beban diletakkan di atas omboh B berluas keratan rentas 15 cm2

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Diagram 11.3 / Rajah 11.3

(i) Calculate the force acting on piston B .

Hitungkan Daya pada omboh B.

(ii) Calculate the distance , X ,moved by piston B if the distance moved by piston A is

21 cm

Hitungkan ketinggian , X , yang dilalui oleh omboh B jika omboh A bergerak ke

bawah sebanyak 21 cm.

[5 marks] / [5 markah]

FORCES AND PRESSURE : ARCHIMEFDES’ PRINCIPLE

QUESTION 4 :TOV 2008

5 Diagram 5.1 shows a hydrometer is used to determine the density of a liquid.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan sebuah hidrometer yang digunakan untuk menentukan

ketumpatan suatu cecair.

Diagram 5.1

Liquid

Load

2

c

X

Piston A

Piston B

X

LOAD

BEBAN

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(a) (i) Name the physics principle involved.

Namakan prinsip fizik yang terlibat. [1 mark ]

…………………………………………………………………….

(ii) Explain why the hydrometer floating on the surface of the liquid.

Jelaskan mengapakah hydrometer tersebut terapung di dalam air.

[2 marks]

…………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………….

(iii) The volume of the hydrometer under the surface of the liquid is 25 cm3,

calculate the buoyant force exerted to the hydrometer.

Isipadu hidrometer di bawah permukaan air ialah 25 cm3 ,hitungkan daya

apungan yang bertindak ke atas hidrometer tersebut. [ 2marks ]

(b) The hydrometer in Diagram 5.1 is unsuitable to measure the density of an acid

solution with a small density.

Hidrometer dalam rajah 5.1 adalah tidak sesuai untuk mengukur ketumpatan

satu larutan asid yang mempunyai ketumpatan yang kecil.

(i) State two modification is required to the hydrometer.

Nyatakan dua pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan kepada hydrometer

tersebut. [2 marks]

……………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Give the reason for your answer in b(i)

Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda di b(i) [2 marks]

……………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Suggest one method to increase the stability of the hydrometer.

Nyatakan satu kaedah untuk meningkatkan kestabilan hydrometer tersebut.

[1 mark]

……………………………………………………………………………

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QUESTION 5

8 Diagram 8.1 shows a submarine floating in sea water due to the effect of buoyant force.

Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan sebuah kapal selam terapung di laut kerana kesan daya apungan.

Diagram 8.1 / Rajah 8.1

(a) Based on Diagram 8.1

Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1

(i) State the physics principle that causes the submarine to float.

Nyatakan prinsip fizik yang menyebabkan kapal selam tersebut terapung.

……………………………………………………….……………………………………….

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why a submarine is able to submerge into sea water.

Terangkan mengapa sebuah kapal selam boleh menyelam ke dalam laut.

……………..…………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

(b) Diagram 8.2 shows oil drum floats stationary in water.

Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan tong minyak terapung pegun di dalam air.

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Diagram 8.2

Calculate the volume of the oil drum immersed in water.

[The density of water is 1000 kg m-3]

Kirakan isipadu tong minyak yang tenggelam dalam air.

[Ketumpatan air ialah 1000 kg m-3]

[2 marks]

Type of

submarine

Jeniskapal

selam

The number of air tanks

cylinder carried

Bilangan selinder tangki

udara yang dibawa

Maximum water pressure

that can be tolerated

Tekanan air maksimum yang

boleh ditampung

Shape of submarine

Bentuk kapal selam

W 15 cylinder 4.5 atm Aerofoil

Aerofoil

X 30 cylinder 6.0 atm Aerodynamic

Aerodinamik

Y 3 cylinder 6.1 atm Aerodynamic

Aerodinamik

Z 1 cylinder 2.5 atm Aerofoil

Aerofoil

Table 8.3 /Jadual 8.3

(c) Based on the Table 8.3, state the suitable characteristic of the submarine which

causes the submarine to stay longer in deeper sea water and move faster. Give

reasons for the suitability of the characteristic.

Berdasarkan Jadual 8.3, nyatakan ciri-ciri yang sesuai bagi kapal selam untuk

membolehkan iabertahan lebih lama dalam laut dalam dan bergerak lebih laju.

Nyatakan alasan untuk kesesuaian ciri tersebut.

(i) The number of air tanks cylinder carried.

Bilangan selinder tangki udara yang dibawa.

………………..………………………………………………………………………………

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[1 mark]

Reason

Alasan

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(ii) Maximum water pressure that can be tolerated.

Tekanan air maksimum yang boleh ditampung.

…………………..……………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

Reason

Alasan

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(iii) Shape of the submarine.

Bentuk kapal selam.

…………………..……………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

Reason

Alasan

………………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(iv) Based on the answers in (c), choose the submarine that can stay longer in deeper

sea water and move faster.

Berdasarkan jawapan dalam (c), nyatakan kapal selam yang dapat bertahan

lebih lama dalam laut yang lebih dalam dan bergerak lebih laju.

……………………………………………………..…………………………………………

[1 mark]

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QUESTION 8 :TRIAL SBP 2009

11. Diagram 11.1 shows a cargo ship is sailing in sea water.

Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan sebuah kapal kargo sedang belayar di lautan.

Diagram 11.1

(a) Name the physics principle involved which makes the ship float in sea water.

Namakan prinsip fizik yang terlibat yang membuatkan kapal itu terapung di lautan.

[1marks]

(b) Explain why the ship can float in sea water

Terangkan mengapa kapal boleh terapung di dalam air laut. [2marks]

(c) Plimsoll lines are marked at the sides of the ship.

Garis-garis Plimsoll ditandakan pada tepi kapal itu.

(i) State the purpose of Plimsoll lines

Nyatakan kegunaan garis Plimsoll itu.

(ii) Explain why Plimsoll lines have many levels.

Terangkan mengapa garis Plimsoll itu mempunyai banyak aras. [2marks]

(d) Table 11.2 shows the characteristics of four structures of ship P, Q, R, and S.

Jadual 11.2 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi empat struktur kapal P, Q, R,dan S.

Structure

of ships

Struktur

kapal

Shape

Bentuk

Strength Of the

metal used

Kekuatan logam

yang digunakan

Ship Base Cross

section area

Luas keratan rentas

dasar kapal

Volume of the air

space in the ship

Isipadu ruangan udara

dalam kapal

P

Streamlined

Larus

High

Tinggi

Wide

Luas

High

Tinggi

Q

Oval

Bujur

Low

Rendah

Wide

Luas

High

Tinggi

R

Circle

Bulat

High

Tinggi

Smal

kecil

Low

Rendah

S

Streamlined

Larus

Low

Rendah

Small

kecil

Low

Rendah

Table 11.2

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As a researcher in a ship manufacturing company, you are assigned to study the

structure used to make the ship to support heavy cargoes.

You are given four choices of the structures P, Q, R and S. The table above shows the

structures of the boat.

Sebagai seorang penyelidik dalam syarikat pembinaan kapal, anda dikehendaki

mengkaji struktur kapal yang sesuai untuk membina kapal yang dapat menampung

kargo yang berat.

Anda di berikan empat pilihan struktur P,Q,R dan S. Jadual di atas menunjukkan struktur-

struktur kapal itu.

Explain the suitable characteristics of the structure to be used to make the ship.

Determine the most suitable structure to be used to make the ship to support heavy cargoes.

Give reasons for your choice.

Terangkan ciri-ciri struktur yang sesuai untuk digunakan untuk membuat kapal itu.

Tentukan struktur yang paling sesuai untuk digunakan untuk membina kapal yang dapat

menampung kargo yang berat.

Beri sebab untuk pilihan anda.

[ 10marks]

(e) Diagram 11.2 shows a load X is placed on a wooden block. Both of them is then placed

in water of density 1000 kgm-3. The mass of the wooden block is 3 kg and the density is

800 kgm-3.

Rajah 11.2 menunjukkan satu beban X di letakkan diatas sebuah bongkah kayu. Kedua-

duanya di masukkan ke dalam air yang menpunyai ketumpatan 1000

kgm-3. Jisim bongkah kayu itu adalah 3 kg dan ketumpatannya adalah 800 kgm-3.

Diagram 11.2

(i) Calculate the volume of water displaced by the load and the wooden block.

Hitungkan isipadu air yang disesarkan oleh beban dan bongkah kayu itu.

[ 2marks]

(ii) Calculate the mass of the load X .

Hitungkan jisim beban X tersebut.

[3marks]

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QUESTION 9 :TRIAL KEDAH 2008

11. (a) (i) State Archimedes’ principle.

Nyatakan prinsip Archimedes. [1 mark]

(ii) Explain why a balloon filled with helium gas rises up in the air.

Jelaskan mengapa sebuah belon yang diisi dengan gas helium naik ke udara.

[4 marks]

(b) Diagram 11.1 shows four hot air balloons, P, Q, R and S with different features.

Rajah 11.1 menunjukkan empat belon udara panas, P, Q, R dan S dengan ciri-ciri

yang berlainan.

Hot air balloon P

Belon udara panasP

Small balloon / Belon kecil

Volume: 800 m3

Isipadu: 800 m3

1 burner / 1 pembakar

Features / Ciri-ciri:

Type of balloon fabric:

Synthetic nylon

Jenis fabrik belon:

Nilon sintetik

Temperature of flame:

Suhu nyalaan:

100 oC

Hot air balloon Q

Belon udara panasQ

Large balloon / Belon besar

Volume: 2500 m3

Isipadu: 2500 m3

2 burners / 2 pembakar

Features / Ciri-ciri:

Type of balloon fabric:

Synthetic nylon

Jenis fabrik belon:

Nilon sintetik

Temperature of flame:

Suhu nyalaan:

120 oC

Hot air balloon R

Belon udara panasR

Large balloon / Belon besar

Volume: 2500 m3

Isipadu: 2500 m3

1 burner / 1 pembakar

Features / Ciri-ciri:

Type of balloon fabric:

Canvas

Jenis fabrik belon:

Kanvas

Temperature of flame:

Suhu nyalaan:

60 oC

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2 cm

10 cm

Glass tube

Tiub kaca

Lead shots

Butir-butir plumbum

Hot air balloon S

Belon udara panasS

Small balloon / Belon kecil

Volume: 800 m3

Isipadu: 800 m3

2 burners / 2 pembakar

Features / Ciri-ciri:

Type of balloon fabric:

Canvas

Jenis fabrik belon:

Kanvas

Temperature of flame:

Suhu nyalaan:

80 oC

Diagram 11.1

You are required to determine the most suitable hot air balloon which is able to carry

three or four people to a higher altitude in a shorter time.

Anda dikehendaki menentukan belon udara panas yang paling sesuai untuk

membawa tiga atau empat orang ke altitud yang lebih tinggi dalam masa yang

lebih pendek.

Study the features of all the four hot air balloons from the following aspects:

Kaji ciri-ciri bagi kesemua empat belon udara panas itu dari aspek berikut:

- The size of the balloon / Saiz belon

- The type of the fabric of the balloon / Jenis fabric belon

- The number of the burners / Bilangan pembakar

- The temperature of the air in the balloon / Suhu udara di dalam belon

Explain the suitability of the aspects. Justify your choice.

Jelaskan kesesuaian aspek-aspek itu. Beri sebab bagi pilihan anda. [10 marks]

(c) Diagram 11.3 shows a cylindrical glass tube of uniform cross sectional area of 2 cm2. The

glass tube contains lead shots and floats upright in water.

Rajah 11.3 menunjukkan sebatang tiub kaca dengan luas keratan rentas seragam 2 cm2.

Tiub kaca itu mengandungi butir-butir plumbum dan sedang terapung tegak di dalam air.

Diagram 11.3

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The density of water is 1 g cm–3/ Ketumpatan air ialah 1 g cm–3,

(i) calculate the total mass of the glass tube and the lead shots.

hitungkan jumlah jisim tiub kaca dan butir-butir plumbum.

(ii) the tube is then placed in another liquid of different density.

Determine the minimum density of liquid for the tube to float in it.

tiub itu kemudian diletakkan di dalam cecair dengan ketumpatan yang berlainan.

Tentukan ketumpatan minimum cecair yang membolehkan tiub itu terapung di

dalamnya.

[5 marks]

FORCES AND PRESSURE :BERNOULLI’S PRINCIPLE

QUESTION 1

1. The diagram shows a glass tube with uniform cross-section. It is used to study the

relationship between velocity and pressure in fluids.

A B C

Water

P Q

a) The tube is filled with water and the two ends are stopped.

i) Mark on the above diagram, the water levels at tubes A, B and C.

ii) Explain your answer in a (i) above.

…………………………………………………………………………

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b) Later, the water in the tube is allowed to flow with uniform speed from P to Q.

A B C

P Q

Water flows

i) Mark on the above diagram, the water levels at tubes A, B and C.

ii) Explain your answer in (b) (i).

…………………………………………………………………………

c) The experiment in (b) is repeated by replacing the above tube with another

tube as shown in the diagram below.

A B C

X Y Z

Water flows

i) Mark on the above diagram, the water levels at tube A, B and C.

ii) Compare the velocity of water at X, Y and Z.

…………………………………………………………………………

iii) What is the relationship between the velocity of water and the

water level in the tubes.

…………………………………………………………………………

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2. The diagram shows an experiment. The tube is inverted into a basin of water.

Direction of A L B

flow of air K M

Q

P R

Water

a) The air flows in the tube from A to B.

i) Compare the velocity of air at K, L and M.

…………………………………………………………………………

ii) Mark the water levels in tubes P, Q and R.

iii) Compare the pressure in tubes P, Q and R.

…………………………………………………………………………

iv) Name the principle used. Explain the principle.

…………………………………………………………………………

b) A passenger is standing by the side of a railway track. He seems to be

attracted to the railway track when a fast moving train travels in front of

him. Explain the observation.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

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3. Figure below shows a carburetor. Mark with X for low pressure area

Carburetor

HEAT :CALIBRATION OF THERMOMETER

QUESTION 1 : TRIAL MELAKA 2009

3. Diagram 3.1 shows a thermometer which has not been calibrated.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebatang termometer yang belum ditentukur

Diagram 3.1 / Rajah 3.1

Diagram 3.2 shows a part of the calibrating process of the thermometer .

Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan sebahagian dari proses untuk menentukurkan termometer itu.

Diagram 3.2 / Rajah 3.2

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(a) (i) State the SI unit for the physical quantity measured by the thermometer?

Nyatakan unit SI bagi kuantiti fizikal yang diukur oleh termometer itu?

...............................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark]

(ii) Give one reason for the termometer to placed in the ice and in the steam state.

Berikan satu sebab termometer itu diletakkan ke dalam ais dan kemudiannya

ke dalam stim.

[ 1 mark]

(iii) Why mercury is used in the thermometer ?

Mengapakah merkuri digunakan dalam termometer itu?

[ 1 mark]

(b) The length of the mercury column in the thermometer is 2.6 cm at 0oC and 22.6 cm

at 100C.

Panjang turus merkuri di dalam termometer ialah 2.6 cm pada 0oC dan 22.6 cm pada 100C.

(i) What is the length difference between the mercury columns at 0C and at 100C?

Berapakah perbezaan panjang turus merkuri antara 0 oC dan pada 100 oC?

................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark]

(ii) When the thermometer is placed in hot oil, the length of the mercury column is

16.9 cm. Calculate the temperature of the hot oil

Apabila termometer itu diletakkan pada minyak panas, panjang turus merkuri

adalah16.9 cm. Hitungkan suhu minyak panas

[ 2 marks]

HEAT :SPECIFIC HEAT CAPACITY

QUESTION 1 : TRIAL NS 2010

9 Diagram 9.1 shows a boy pouring hot coffee into a cup. The hand of the boy is not

scalded by the coffee droplets that are spattered from the kettle. Diagram 9.2 shows

hot coffee spilling over and getting onto his hand and his hand gets scalded because

of the higher heat capacity in it.

Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan seorang budak lelaki sedang menuang kopi ke dalam cawan.

Tangan budak tersebut tidak melecur apabila terpercik air kopi yang panas itu.

Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan kopi panas tertumpah ke atas tangannya dan tangannya

melecur kerana terdapat muatan haba yang lebih tinggi di dalamnya.

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Diagram 9.1 / Rajah 9.1 Diagram 9.2 / Rajah 9.2

(a) What is meant by heat capacity?

Apakah maksud muatan haba?

[1 mark]

(b) (i) Observe Diagrams 9.1 and 9.2. Compare the temperature of the coffee, the

mass of the coffee droplets spatters on his hand and the coffee from the kettle

spills on it, and the injury to the hands.

State the relationship between the mass of the coffee and the injury that occurs.

Perhatikan Rajah 9.1 and 9.2. Bandingkan suhu air kopi, jisim titik air kopi

mengenai tangan budak tersebut dan air kopi panas tertumpah ke atas

tangannya, serta kecederaan yang dialami.

Nyatakan hubungan di antara jisim percikan air kopi dengan kecederaan yang

dialami.

[4 marks]

(ii) State the relationship between theheat capacity and the mass.

Nyatakan hubungan diantara muatan haba dengan jisim

[1 mark]

(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a radiator of a car.

Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan sebuah radiator kereta.

Diagram 9.3 / Rajah 9.3

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Water is used as a cooling agent in a radiator. Explain how water is used as a cooling

agent in the radiator.

Air digunakan sebagai agen penyejuk. Terangkan bagaimana air digunakan sebagai

agen penyejuk di dalam radiator tersebut.

[4 marks]

(d) You are required to give some suggestions to design an efficient thermometer to be

used in physics laboratory.

Anda dikehendaki memberi beberapa cadangan untuk merekabentuk sebuah

thermometer yang berkesan.

Using your knowledge about heat and properties of materials, explain how to built a

thermometer which can function effectively based on the following aspects,

Menggunakan pengetahuan tentang haba dan sifat-sifat bahan, terangkan

bagaimana untuk membina sebuah thermometer yang dapat berfungsi secara

berkesan berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut,

(i) Strength of the thermometer

Kekuatan thermometer

(ii) Choice of the thermometric liquid

Pilihan cecair termometrik.

(iii) Sensitivity of the thermometer

Kepekaan termometer.

(iv) Design of the thermometer so that the scale can easily be read.

Rekabentuk termometer dengan skala yang mudah dibaca.

(v) Melting point and freezing point of the liquid

Takat lebur dan takat beku cecair itu.

[10 marks]

HEAT :SPECIFIC LATENT HEAT

QUESTION 1 : TRIAL PAHANG 2009

5. Diagram 5.1(a) is an experimental set-up and 5.1(b) is a control set-up. When the power

supply is switch on, water will drips out of the filter funnels. As soon as water is dripping out

at a constant rate, beaker A and beaker B are placed under the filter funnels and a stop

watch is started simultaneously.

Rajah 5.1(a) ialah radas eksperimen dan rajah 5.1(b) ialah radas kawalan. Apabila

bekalan kuasa dihidupkan air akan menitis dari corong turas. Sejurus titisan air menitis

pada kadar seragam, bikar A dan bikar B diletakkan di bawah corong turas dan jam

randik dimulakan serentak.

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Diagram 5.1/ Rajah 5.1

(a) What is the purpose of having a a control set-up?

Apakah tujuan radas kawalan?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(b) After 5 minutes, the mass of water collected in beaker A and B are measured. Table 5.1

below shows the data collected from the experiment.

Selepas 5 minit, jisim air yang dikumpulkan dalam bikar A dan B disukat. Jadual 5.1 di

bawah menunjukkan data yang diperolehi dari eksperimen tersebut.

What is the mass of ice melted by the energy supplied by the power supply?

Berapakah jisim ais yang dileburkan oleh tenaga dibekal oleh bekalan kuasa?

…………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(c) Name the heat energy required to melt the ice in this experiment.

Namakan tenaga haba yang diperlukan untuk melebur ais dalam eksperimen ini.

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………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(d) Calculate the heat energy in (c) that is specific for one kg of ice.

Hitung tenaga haba di (c) yang tertentu untuk satu kg ais.

[3 marks] / [3 markah]

(e) Value calculated in (d) is higher than the actual value. Explain why?

Nilai yang di hitung di (d) lebih tinggi dari nilai sebenar. Terangkan mengapa?

…………………………………………………………………………..

[1 marks] / [1 markah]

(f) Suggest one way to get a more accurate value.

Cadangkan satu kaedah untuk mendapat nilai yang lebih jitu.

………………………………………………………………………….

[1 marks] / [1 markah]

HEAT :GAS LAW

QUESTION 1

7. Diagram 7 shows a tyre of a car that is going to be used to travel from Kuala Lumpur to

Kuala Terengganu.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan sebiji tayar kereta yang digunakan untuk perjalanan dari Kuala

Lumpur ke Kuala Terengganu.

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7

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(a) After the long journey,

Selepas satu perjalanan yang jauh,

(i) what happen to the temperature of the air in the tyre

apakah yang berlaku kepada suhu udara di dalam tayar.

……………………………………………………………………….....

[1 mark]

(ii) state one other physical quantity that will also change.

nyatakan satu kuantiti fizik lain yang turut berubah.

……………………………………………………………………….....

[1 mark]

(b) Based on the answers in (a) (i) and (a) (ii), name the gas law involve.

Berdasarkan jawapan dalam (a) (i) dan (a) (ii), namakan hukum gas yang

terlibat.

……………………………………………………………………….................

[1mark]

(c) Before a long journey, the driver checked the air pressure of his car tyres. The air

pressure of the tyres was 200 kPa at a temperature 27C. After the journey, the air

pressure of the tyres was found to have increased to 230 kPa. What is the

temperature of the air in the tyre after the journey?

[Assume the volume of the tyre is constant]

Sebelum memulakan perjalanan, seorang pemandu telah memeriksa tekanan

udara tayar keretanya. Tekanan udara tayar ialah 200 kPa pada suhu 27C.

Selepas perjalanan tersebut, tekanan udara dalam tayar didapati meningkat

dengan tekanan udara 230 kPa. Berapakah suhu udara selepas perjalanan

tersebut. [ Anggapkan isipadu tayar tidak berubah]

[3 marks]

(d) The tyre in Diagram 7 is not suitable to be used on a muddy road. Suggest

modifications to be done based on the characteristics given.

Tayar di dalam Rajah 7 tidak sesuai digunakan di atas jalan berlumpur.

Cadangkan pengubahsuaian yang perlu dilakukan berdasarkan ciri-ciri yang

diberi.

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(i) Surface area of the tyre

Luas permukaan tayar

…………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(ii) Reason

Sebab

…………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(iii) Thetrack of the tyre

Alur pada tayar

…………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(iv) Reason

Sebab

…………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

QUESTION 2 : TRIAL PAHANG 2009

1. Diagram 1.1 shows a Bourdon gauge which is used to measure gas pressure inside a

round bottom flask.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan tolok Bourdon yang digunakan untuk mengukur tekanan gas di

dalam kelalang dasar bulat.

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7

(a) State the sensitivity of the Bourdon Gauge.

Nyatakan kepekaan bagi tolok Bourdon tersebut.

…………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark] / [1 markah]

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(b) (i) State the correct position of the eye while taking reading from the Bourdon

Gauge?

Nyatakan kedudukan mata yang betul semasa mengambil bacaan pada tolok

Bourdon?

…………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(ii) What is the pressure of the gas inside the round bottom flask as shown by the

Bourdon gauge?

Berapakah tekanan gas di dalam kelalang dasar bulat seperti yang di tunjukkan

oleh tolok Bourdon itu?

…………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(c) The round bottom flask is than heated. Would the reading of the Bourdon gauge

increase or decrease?

Kelalang dasar bulat itu kemudian dipanaskan. Adakah bacaan tolok Bourdon akan

meningkat atau menurun?

......................................................................................................

[1 mark] / [1 markah]

LIGHT : REFRACTION

QUESTION 1 : SBP TRIAL SPM 2009

9.Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a light ray is refracted when passing through two

different mediums.

The refractive index for medium A is 1.33 and the refractive index for medium B is 1.50.

Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 92 menunjukkansatusinarcahayaterbiasapabilamerambatmelaluidua

medium yang berbeza..

Indeksbiasanuntuk medium Aialah 1.33 danindeksbiasanuntuk medium B adalah

1.50.

Diagram 9.1 Diagram 9.2

Rajah 9.1 Rajah 9.2

(a) What is meant by refraction?

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Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan pembiasan?

[ 1mark/ 1 markah ]

(b) Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the refractive index, the refracted

angle and the density between medium A and medium B

Relate the refractive index with the refracted angle and the refractive index with the

ratio of sin of incident angle, i to the sin of the refracted angle, r to deduce a physics

law that is involved.

Berdasarkan Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2, bandingkanindeksbiasan,

sudutbiasandanketumpatan medium A dan medium B

Hubungkaitkanindeksbiasandengansudutbiasandanindeksbiasandengannisbah sinus

suduttuju,ikepada sinus sudutbiasan,rbagimenghasilkanhukumfizik yang terlibat.

[5marks/ 5 markah]

(c) Diagram 9.3 shows a simple overhead projector. A real and inverted image is formed by

the projector on the ceiling.

Rajah 9.3 menunjukkan sebuah projektor’overhead’ ringkas. Satu imej nyata dan

songsang dibentuk oleh projektor pada siling.

Diagram 9.3

Rajah 9.3

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(i) With the aid of a ray diagram, show how the ray travel from the halogen lamp to

form the image on the ceiling.

Denganbantuan rajah sinar, tunjukkanbagaimanasinar yang bergerakdarilampu

halogen dapatmembentukimejpadasiling.

[ 4 marks/4 markah ]

(ii) Using an appropriate physics concept, suggest and explain suitable modifications orways to

enable the projector to increase its efficiency and to form a brighter and clear image on

the screen P. Your modifications can be emphasised on the following aspects;

Menggunakankonsepfizik yang sesuai, cadangdanterangkanpengubahsuaianataucara

yang bolehdilakukanuntukmeningkatkankeberkesanannyabagimenghasilkanimej yang

terangdanjelaspadaskrin P. Pengubahsusaianandabolehberdasarkankepadaaspek-

aspekberikut:

Component used to form the image on the screen

Komponen yang boleh digunakan untuk menghasilkan imej pada skrin

Component to produce brighter image

Komponen untuk menghasilkan imej yang lebih terang

The position of the halogen lamp

Kedudukanlampu halogen

Component to increase the projectors lifetime

Komponenuntukmeningkatkanjangkahayat project

Component to protect the transparency from extreme heat

Komponenuntukmelindungitransparensidarihaba yang melampau.

[10 marks/markah]

LENS

QUESTION 2 : SBP TRIAL SPM 2010

5 Diagram 5.1 shows light rays passing through the eyelens when a person is having a

myopia.

Diagram 5.2 shows the light rays passing through the eyelens when a person is having

Ahyper-metropia.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkangambarajahsinarcahaya yang melaluikantamataapabila

Seseorangmengalami myopia.

Rajah 5.2 menunjukkangambarajahsinarcahaya yang melaluikantamataapabila

Seseorangmengalami hyper-metropia.

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(a) Name the light phenomenon involved in both diagrams.

Namakan fenomena cahaya yang terlibat bagi kedua-dua rajah.

…………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(b) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2, compare;

Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2, bandingkan;

(i) their object distance

Jarakobjek

………………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark]

(ii) their image distance

jarakimej

…………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(c) In order for a person to see clearly, state where should the image formed in the eye?

Bagi membolehkan seseorang melihat dengan jelas, nyatakan di manakah imej

terbentuk di dalam mata?

…………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(d) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Diagram 5.2, state the type of lens that can be used to

correct the situation in;

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Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1 dan Rajah 5.2, nyatakanjeniskanta yang bolehdigunakan

untukmembetulkankeadaandalam;

(i) Diagram 5.1:

Rajah 5.1:

................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) Diagram 5.2 :

Rajah 5.2 :

…………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(e) By using your answer in (d)(i), draw the lens in the box provided and complete the

ray diagram in Diagram 5.3 to show how myopia can be corrected.

Denganmenggunakanjawapanandadalamd(i), lukiskankantadalamkotak yang

disediakandanlengkapkangambarajahsinardalam Rajah 5.3 untukmenunjukkan

bagaimanamasalah myopia bolehdiperbaiki.

QUESTION 3 : KELANTAN TRIAL SPM 2009

9. Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show parallel rays are directed towards the lenses P and

Q with focal point F.

Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2 menunjukkansinarselarimenujupermukaankanta P dan Q

dengantitikfokus F.

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Diagram 9.1 Diagram 9.2 Rajah 9.1 Rajah 9.2

(a) What is meant by focal point?

Apakah yang dimaksudkandengantitikfokus?

[1 mark/1 markah]

(b) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 , compare the thickness, the focal length and power

of the lens. Relate the thickness of the lens with the focal length to make a deduction

regarding the relationship between thickness of the lens and the power of lens.

Menggunakan Rajah 9.1 dan Rajah 9.2, bandingkanketebalan, panjang focus

dankuasakantatersebut.Hubungkaitkanketebalankantadenganpanjangfokusuntukmembu

atsatudeduksitentanghubunganantaraketebalandengankuasakanta.

[5 marks/markah]

(d) Diagram 9.3 shows lens P is used as a magnifying glass.

Rajah 9.3 menunjukkankanta P digunakansebagaikantapembesar.

Diagram 9.3 Rajah 9.3

(i) At which position the object should be placed so that lens P will acts as a magnifying glass?

Padakedudukanmanakahobjekpatutdiletakkansupayakanta P

bertindaksebagaikantapembesar?

(ii)Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image formed by lens P in Diagram 9.3.

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Lukiskan rajah sinaruntukmenunjukkanpembentukanimej yang terbentukolehkanta P dalam

Rajah 9.3

[4 marks/4 markah]

(d) Diagram 9.4 shows a compound microscope.

Rajah 9.4 menunjukkansebuahmikroskopmajmuk.

Diagram 9.4/Rajah 9.4

Using an appropriate physics concept, suggest and explain suitable modifications or ways to

enable the microscope to increase its efficiency and to form a brighter and clear image. Your

modifications can be emphasized on the following aspects;

Menggunakankonsepfizik yang sesuai, cadangdanterangkanpengubahsuaianataucara yang

bolehdilakukanuntukmeningkatkankeberkesanannyabagimenghasilkanimej yang

terangdanjelas ..Pengubahsuaianandabolehberdasarkankepadaaspek-aspekberikut:

• The selection of lens as objective lens and as an eyepiece

Kantasebagaikantaobjekdankantamata

• The position of the object

Kedudukanobjek

• The position of the eye piece

Kedudukankantamata

• The distance between the objective lens and eyepiece

Jarakantarakantaobjekdankantamata

• Condition of the place to store the microscope

Keadaantempatpenyimpanmikroskop

[10 marks/10 markah]

REFLECTION

QUESTION 4 : SELANGOR TRIAL SPM 2009

11. Diagram 11.1 shows a photograph of a boy standing 5 cm from a concave mirror with a

focal length of 20 cm. His image is upright and virtual.

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Rajah 11.1 menunjukkangambarfotoseorangbudaklelaki yang berdirisejauh 5 cm

daripadasebuahcermincekung yang mempunyaipanjangfokus 20 cm.

Imejnyaadalahtegakdanmaya.

(a) What is meant by virtual image?

Apakah yang dimaksudkandenganimejmaya.

[1 mark/markah]

(b) Draw a ray diagram to show how the image is formed in the situation in Diagram 11.1

Lukis rajah sinaruntukmenunjukkanbagaimanaimejterbentukdalamsituasidalam Rajah

11.1

[4 marks/4 markah]

(c) State the characteristics of the boy’s image when he stands 50 cm away from the mirror.

Nyatakan ciri-ciri imejbudaklelakiituapabiladiaberdirisejauh 50 cm

daripadacermintersebut.

[3 marks/3 markah]

(d) Diagram 11.2 shows four different stove designs and the pots used in the four solar

cookers P, Q, R and S.

Rajah 11.2 menunjukkanempatrekabentukdapur yang berbezadanperiuk yang

digunakandalamdapur solar P,Q,Rdan S.

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You are required to determine the most suitable solar cooker for efficient cooking. Study the

specifications of all the four solar cookers based on the following features:

Andadikehendakimenentukandapur solar yang paling sesuaidigunakanuntukmemasakdengan

paling cekap.Kajispesifikasikeempat-empatperiuk solar ituberdasarkanaspekberikut

- type of window

- jenistingkap

- number of reflectors

- bilanganpemantul

- type of lid

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- jenispenutup

- arrangement of the aluminium pot

- kedudukanperiukaluminium

Explain the suitability of each feature. Justify your choice.

Terangkankesesuaianaspek-aspekitu.Berisebabbagipilihananda.

[10 marks/10 markah]

(e) Diagram 11.3 shows the reflection of light ray directed to a plane mirror KL.

Rajah 11.3 menunjukkanpantulansinarcahaya yang ditujukankepadacerminsatah KL.

(i) Determine the angle of reflection.

Tentukan sudut pantulan.

[1 mark/1 markah]

(ii)The mirror is then rotated clockwise through an angle of 15o.What is a new angle

of reflection of the light ray?

Cermin itu kemudiannya diputarkan ikut jam sebanyak 15°. Berapakah sudut

pantulan yang baru sinar tersebut ?

[2 marks/2 markah]

CRITICAL ANGLE

QUESTION 5 : SBP PPT SPM 2011

7. Diagram 7.1 shows a light ray incident on a glass block that has a critical angle of 42°.

Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan sinar tuju pada bongkah kaca yang mempunyai sudut genting 42°.

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(a) What is the meaning of critical angle?

Apakah yang di maksudkan dengan sudut kritikal?

.......................……………………………………………………………………………………….............

.......................……………………………………………………………………………………….............

[1 mark/markah]

(b) (i) On Diagram 7.1 complete the ray path to show how the ray emerge from

the glass block.

Pada rajah 7.1 lengkapkan lintasan sinar untuk menunjukkan bagaimana sinar

tersebut keluar dari blok kaca.

[ 2 marks/markah]

(ii) Calculate the refractive index of the glass block.

Hitung index biasan blok kaca.

[2 marks/markah]

(iii) State the light phenomenon that happen in glass block.

Nyatakan fenomena cahaya yang terjadi dalam blok kaca.

……………………………………………………………………………………….

[1 mark/markah]

Diagram 7.2 shows the cross section of an optical fibre used in communication.

Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan keratan rentas gentian optik yang digunakan dalam perhubungan.

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Optical fibres are made of two types of glass. One type is for the inner core and the

other type is for the outer cladding. You are required to give some suggestions in

designing an optical fibre which can carry more information.

Give your suggestions based on the following aspects:

Gentian optic diperbuat daripada dua jenis kaca. Satu jenis adalah untuk teras dalam

dan satu jenis lagi untuk pembalut luar. Anda dikehendaki memberi beberapa

cadangan untuk mereka bentuk gentian kaca yang boleh membawa banyak

maklumat.

Berikan cadangan anda berdasarkan aspek-aspek berikut:

(i) The refractive index of glass for the inner core compared to the outer

cladding.

Indeks biasan kaca bagi teras dalam berbanding dengan pembalut

luar.

..........................................................................................................................

Reson/ Sebab

.........................................................................................................................

[1 mark/1 markah]

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(ii) The property of optical fibres that enable them to carry more information.

Sifat gentian optik yang membolehkan ia membawa banyak maklumat.

............................................................................................................................

[1 mark/1 markah]

(iii) The property of optical fibres that enable them to bend easily.

Sifat gentian optik yang membolehkan ia dibengkok dengan mudah.

........………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark/1 markah]

WAVES

WAVES : SOUND WAVE

QUESTION 1 : BANK SOALAN

1.Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu loceng elektrik menghasilkan gelombang bunyi.

Diagram below shows an electric bell produces sound waves.

(a) (i) Namakan jenis gelombang yang dihasilkan oleh loceng elektrik.

Name the type of wave produced by electric bell.

[1 markah]

(ii) Apabila udara dalam loceng elektrik disedut keluar dengan

menggunakan pam vakum, apakah yang berlaku kepada bunyi yang

dihasilkan?

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When the air in the electric bell is sucked out by using vacuum pump, what

happen to the sound produced?

[1 markah]

(iii)

Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan di (a)(ii).

Give one reason for the answer in (a)(ii).

[1 markah / 1 mark]

(b) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan suatu bentuk gelombang bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh

suatu tala bunyi ditunjukkan pada skrin tiub sinar katod.

Diagram below shows a sound wave from produced by a turning fork displayed on the

screen of cathode ray oscilloscope.

Pada rajah di bawah, lukisan bentuk gelombang bunyi yang dihasilkan bila

kekuatan bunyi ditambah.

On diagram below, draw the sound wave from produced when the loudness is

increased.

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[1 mark]

(c) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan satu spektrum gelombang electromagnet.

Diagram below shows an electromagnetic wave spectrum.

Gelombang

radio

Radio wave

Gelombang

mikro

Microwave

P

Cahaya

nampak Visible

light

Q

Sinar-x X-

ray

Sinar

Gama

Gamma-

ray

(i) Namakan gelombang bagi;

Name the wave for;

P :

Q :

[2 markah]

(ii) Pilih satu gelombang yang merbahaya kepada badan manusia.

Choose one wave that harmful to human body.

[1 markah]

[1 mark]

(iii) Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di (c)(ii).

Give one reason for the answer in (c)(ii).

[1 markah]

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[1 mark]

(iv) Pilih satu gelombang yang sesuai digunakan dalam telekomunikasi.

Choose one wave that used in telecommunications.

[1 markah]

[1 mark]

(v) Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di (c)(iv).

Give one reason for the answer in (c)(iv).

[1 markah]

[1 mark]

(vi) Pilihan gelombang yang sesuai digunakan untuk rawatan penyakit kanser.

Choose the suitable wave that can be used in cancer treatment.

[1 markah]

[1 mark]

(vii) Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan di (c)(vi).

Give one reason for the answer in (c)(vi).

[1 markah]

[1 mark]

REFRACTION

QUESTION

2.

OF WAVE

2 : BANK SOALAN

Rajah menunjukkan sebuah pemancar mengeluarkan satu isyarat bunyi untuk

menentukan ketebalan lapisan minyak di bawah tanah.

Penerima X mengesan isyarat bunyi itu 0.4s selepas pemancaran.

Penerima Y mengeasn isyarat bunyi itu 1.2s selepas pemancaran.

Diagram below shows a transmitter sending a sound to determind the thickness

of a layer of oil below the ground.

Receiver X detects the sound signsl 0.4s after transmission.

Receiver Y detects the sound signal 1.2s after transmission.

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(a) Tentukan fenomena gelombang yang menghasilkan :

Determine the wave phenomenon which produces :

(i) Isyarat A / the signal A

[1 markah]

(ii) Isyarat B / the signal B.

[1 markah]

(b) Kelajuan bunyi dalam lapisan minyak ialah 1500 m s-1 .

Tentukan

The speed of sound in thhe oil layer is 1500m s-1.

Determine

(i) Jumlah masa untuk isyarat bunyi itu bergerak melalui lapisan minyak.

The total time for the sound signal to travel through the oil layer.

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~

A

B

Earth layerLapisan tanah

Oil layerLapisan minyak

Rock layerLapisan batu

TransmitterPemancar

Receiver XPenerima X

Receiver YPenerima Y

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[2 markah]

[2 marks]

(ii) Ketebalan lapisan minyak .

Thickness of the layer.

[3 markah]

[3 marks]

(c) Jadual di bawah menunjukkan cirri –ciri bagi empat jenis gelombong

bunyi yang boleh digunakan untuk menentukan ketebalan lapisan

minyak itu .

Table below shows the characteristics of four types of sound waves that

could be used to determine thee thickness of the layer of oil .

Jenis gelombang /

Type of wave

Frekuensi/ Frequency Tenaga / Energy

P Tinggi / High Tinggi / High

Q Rendah / Low Rendah / Low

R Tinggi /High Rendah / Low

S Rendah / Low Tinggi / High

Berdasarkan Jadual di atas, terangkan kesesuaian setiap cirri gelombang

itu untuk menentukan ketebalan lapisan minyak itu .

Based on Table above ,explain the suitability of each characteristic of the

wave to determine the thickness of the oil layer .

(i) Frekuensi / Frequency:

[2 markah]

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(ii) Tenaga / Energy:

[2 markah]

(d) Apakah jenis gelombang yang paling sesuai untuk menentukan

ketebalan lapisan minyak ?

Which is the most suitable type of wave determine of thickness of the oil layer ?

[1 markah]

DIFFRACTION/INTEFERENCE OF WAVE

QUESTION 3 : SBP TRIAL SPM 2010

6. Diagram 6.1 and 6.2 shows an experiment to determine the wavelength of

monochromatic light waves.

Diagram 6.1 used a blue light source and Diagram 6.2 used a red light source.

Rajah 6.1 dan 6.2 menunjukkan satu eksperimen dwicelah Young untuk menentukan

panjang gelombang cahaya monokromatik.

Rajah 6.1 menggunakan sumber cahaya berwarna biru manakala Rajah

6.2menggunakan sumber cahaya berwarna merah.

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The

separation

between two slits, a,

and the distance

between the

double slit and the

screen, D, in both diagrams are constant. The dark and bright fringes are produced after

the light passes through the slit.

Pemisahan dua celah, a, dan jarak antara dwicelah dengan skrin dalam kedua-dua

rajah, D, dalam kedua-dua rajah adalah malar. Pinggir-pinggir gelap dan cerah

dihasilkan setelah cahaya merambat melalui celah.

(a) What is meant by monochromatic light? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan cahaya monokromatik?

………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(b) Compare the wavelength of red light and blue light.

Tick (√ ) the correct answer in the box provided.

Bandingkan jarak gelombang cahaya merah dan cahaya biru.

Tanda (√ ) jawapan yang betul dalam petak yang disediakan.

Wavelength of red light > wavelength of blue light

Jarak gelombang cahaya merah > Jarak gelombang cahaya biru

Wavelength of red light < wavelength of blue light

Jarak gelombang cahaya merah > Jarak gelombang cahaya biru

Wavelength of red light = wavelength of blue light

Jarak gelombang cahaya merah > Jarak gelombang cahaya biru

(c) Base on the pattern of fringes formed on the screen in Diagram 6.1 and Diagram

6.2, state two observations about the distance between consecutive fringes for red

and blue light.

Berdasarkan corak pinggir-pinggir yang terbentuk pada skrin dalam Rajah 6.1

dan Rajah 6.2, nyatakan dua pemerhatian tentang jarak antara pinggir-pinggir

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berturutan bagi cahaya merah dan cahaya biru.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

[2 mark]

[2 markah]

(d) State the relationship between the wavelength and the distance between

consecutive bright fringes in this experiment.

Nyatakan hubungan antara jarak gelombang dengan jarak di antara pinggirpinggir

terang dalam eksperimen ini.

.........................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(e) (i) What happen to the distance between two consecutive bright fringes if the

separation between two slits is increased? .

Apakah yang akan berlaku kepada jarak antara pinggir-pinggir terangjika pemisahan

antara dua celah ditambah?

...............................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) Give a reason for your answer in (e) (i).

Berikan sebab bagi jawapan anda di (e) (i).

...............................................................................................................................

................... ............................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(f) State a wave phenomenon which occurs in this experiment.

Nyatakan satu fenomena gelombang yang berlaku dalam eksperimen ini.

..................…………………………………………………………………………........

....................………………………………………………………………………........

[2 marks]

QUESTION 4 : SBP PPT SPM 2011

8. Diagram 8 shows a TV Satellite dish fixed to the roof of a house.. Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan cakera TV satelit yang di pasang pada bumbung sebuah rumah.

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Receiver/Penerima Reflector dish/

cakera

pemantul

(a) Name the type of received by

the reflector dish. Namakan jenis gelombang yang diterima oleh cakera pemantul.

………………………………………………………………………………………………..............

[1 mark/1 markah]

(b) The waves received by the reflector dish has a wavelength of 2 cm and speed of

3 x 108 m s

-1.

Calculate; Gelombang yang diterima oleh cakera pemantul mempunyai panjang gelombang 2 cm dan

kelajuan 3 x 108

m s-1

. Hitung

(i) The frequency of the waves. Frekuensi gelombang itu.

[ 2 marks/2 markah]

(ii) The time taken for the wave to travel from the satellite to the reflector dish. Given the

distance between the dish and satellite is 4.8 X 107m.

Masa yang diambil untuk gelombang merambat dari satelit ke cakera pemantul . Diberi jarak

diantara cakera dan satelit ialah 4.8 X 10 7

m.

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[2 marks/2 markah]

Table 8 shows three types of reflector dish and their characteristics. Jadual 8 menunjukkan tiga jenis cakera pemantul dan ciri-cirinya.

Reflector dish

Cakera pemantul

X Y Z

Type of dish

Jenis Cakera

Concave reflector

Pemantul cekung

Convex reflector

Pemantul cembung

Concave reflector

Pemantul cekung

Position of receiver

Kedudukan

penerima

At focal point

Pada titik fokus

At center of

curvature

Pada pusat

kelengkungan

At center of

curvature

Pada pusat

kelengkungan

Diameter of

reflector

Diameter pemantul

Big

Besar

Small

Kecil

Big

Besar

Based on table 8, state suitable characteristics of reflector dish. Give reason for the

suitabilityof the characteristics. Berdasarkan jadual 8, nyatakan ciri-ciri yang sesuai bagi cakera TV. Beri sebab kesesuaian

bagi ciri-ciri itu.

(i) Type of dish/ jenis cakera

………………………………………………………………………………………

Reason/Sebab

………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 2 marks/2 markah]

(ii) Position of receiver / kedudukan penerima

………………………………………………………………………………………

Reason/Sebab

………………………………………………………………………………………

[ 2 marks/2 markah]

(iii) Diameter of reflector/Diameter pemantul

………………………………………………………………………………………

Reason/Sebab

……………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

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(d) Based on your answers in 8(c), which is the most suitable reflector dish? Berdasarkan jawapan anda di 8(c), cakera pemantul yang manakah paling sesuai?

...................……………………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 1 mark/1 markah]

ELECTRICITY

TRIAL SBP 2010

6. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 show circuits used to investigate the relationship

between resistance and cross sectional area of a wire. Constantan wire of s.w.g. 36

and s.w.g 24 with same length are used.

Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan litar yang digunakan untuk menyiasat hubungan

antara rintangan dan luas keratan rentas dawai. Dawai konstantan s.w.g. 36 dan s.w.g

24 dengan panjang yang sama digunakan.

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(a) What is the meaning of resistance?

Apakah maksud rintangan ?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1 mark]

(b) Using Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2;

Dengan menggunakan Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2;

(i) Compare the cross sectional area of the constantan wires .

Bandingkan luas keratan rentas dawai konstantan.

………………………………………………………………...................................

[1 mark]

(ii) Compare the potential difference across the constantan wires.

Bandingkan beza keupayaan melalui dawai konstantan.

……………………………………………………................................................

[1 mark]

(iii) Compare the magnitude of the current that flow along the constantan wires.

Bandingkan magnitud arus yang mengalir melalui dawai-dawai konstantan

tersebut.

……………………………………………………………...................................

[1 mark]

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(c) Using your answers in 6(b);

Dengan menggunakan jawapan anda dalam 6(b);

(i) Compare the resistance of the constantan wires.

Bandingkan rintangan dawai konstantan.

...............................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(ii) Relate the cross sectional area of constantan wire to the resistance of the wire.

Hubungkait luas keratan rentas dawai konstantan dengan rintangan dawai.

…………………………………………………………………………................

[1 mark]

(d) What will happen to the reading of voltmeter when another constantan wire s.w.g 36 of

the same length is connected parallel to the wire in circuit Diagram 6.1?

Explain your answer.

Apakah yang berlaku kepada bacaan voltmeter apabila dawai konstantan s.w.g 36

yangsama panjang dipasang selari dengan dawai dalam litar Rajah 6.1? Jelaskan

jawapananda.

………………………………………………………………………………….........................

………………………………………………………………………….....................................

[ 2 marks]

TRIAL SBP 2009

8. Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 shows three identical filament bulbs marked 6V, 12W arranged

in two different ways and connected to a battery 6 V .

Rajah 8.1 dan Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan tiga mentol filamen yang serupa berlabel 6V,12W

disusun dengan dua cara berbeza dan disambungkan kepada bateri 6 V.

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Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2

Rajah 8.1 Rajah 8.2

(a) What is meant by 6V,12W ?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan 6V,12W ?

………………………………………………………………………………………..........................

.........................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark

]

(b) State the type of circuit in Diagram 8.1 and 8.2

Nyatakan jenis sambungan litar dalam Rajah 8.1 dan 8.2.

Diagram 8.1: ………………………………………………………………………................

Rajah 8.1

Diagram 8.2………………………………………………………………………..................

Rajah 8.2

[ 2 marks ]

(c) The bulbs in Diagram 8.2 are brighter than the bulbs in Diagram 8.1. Explain your

answer .

Mentol-mentol dalam Rajah 8.2 lebih cerah dari mentol dalam Rajah 8.1. Terangkan

jawapan anda.

……………………………………………………………………………………….................

………………………………………………………………………………………..................

.......................................................................................................................................[2 marks ]

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(d) The resistance of each bulb in Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2 is 4 Ω. Determine the

current flow in each bulb.

Rintangan setiap mentol dalam Rajah 8.1 dan Rajah 8.2 adalah 4 Ω. Tentukan arus

yang mengalir dalam setiap mentol.

(i) Diagram 8.1:

Rajah 8.1:

(ii) Diagram 8.2:

Rajah 8.2:

[ 4 marks ]

(e) A student wants to design an incubator. Bulbs are used to heat up the incubator.

Seorang pelajar hendak merekabentuk sebuah inkubator. Mentol digunakan untuk

memanaskan inkubator itu.

(i) Between the circuit in Diagram 8.1 and in Diagram 8.2, which circuit is the most

suitable to be used by the student to heat up the incubator.

Di antara litar Rajah 8.1 dan Rajah 8.2, litar yang manakah paling sesuai digunakan

oleh pelajar untuk memanaskan inkubator.

………………………………………………………………………………………..........[1 mark]

(ii) Give two reasons for your answer in 8(e)(i).

Berikan dua sebab kepada jawapan anda di 8(e)(i).

.....................................................................................................................................

…..............................................................................................................................[2 marks]

TRIAL SBP 2010

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12. Diagram 12.1 shows a bulb labelled 12V, 24W.

Rajah menunjukkan satu mentol berlabel 12V 24W.

DIAGRAM 12.1

RAJAH 12.1

(a) (i) What is meant by 12V, 24 W.

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan 12V, 24W?

[ 1 mark]

(ii) Why R is made of high resistance conductor?

Mengapa R dibuat daripada konduktor berintangan tinggi?

[ 1mark]

(iii) State 2 factor that affected the resistance of the conductor.

Describe how the factors can affected the resistance of conductor.

Nyatakan 2 faktor yang mempengaruhi rintangan konduktor.

Huraikan bagaimana faktor-faktor itu mempengaruhi rintangan konduktor itu.

[ 4marks]

b) Diagram 12.2 shows three identical resistors in an electric circuit that is connected to a

supply voltage 12V.

Rajah12.2 menunjukkan tiga perintang yang serupa dalam satu litar elektrik yang disambungkan

kepada bekalan elektrik 12 V

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DIAGRAM 12.2

RAJAH 12.2

(i) Calculate the effective resistance in circuit

Hitungkan rintangan berkesan dalam litar itu. [ 1mark]

(ii) What is the reading of the voltmeter?

Berapaah bacaan voltmeter ? [2 marks ]

(ii) What is the reading of ammeter?

Berapakah bacaan ammeter ?[ 1 marks ]

c) You are assigned to investigate the characteristics of the power of heating coil and the

design of the heating element in an electric kettle.

Anda ditugaskan untuk mengkaji ciri-ciri kuasa perintang dalam alat pemanas

dan reka bentuk alat pemanas sebuah cerek elektrik.

Explain the suitability of every characteristic in the table and then determine the most

suitable electric kettle to be used to boil the water faster and safely.

Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri dalam jadual dan seterusnya tentukan cerek elektrik yang

manakah paling sesuai digunakan untuk memanaskan air supaya ianya cepat dan selamat.

Give reason for your answer.

Beri sebab untuk jawapan anda.

[10 marks]

Earthing system Number of loop

Sistem pembumian Bilangan Gegelung

Material of

heating coil

Bahan

gegelung

pemanas

Power of

heating coil

Kuasa

gegelung

pemanas

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P

Constantan

Konstantan

Power

Kuasa

1000W

Voltage

Voltan

240V

Q

Nicrom

Nikrom

Power

Kuasa

1 000 W

Voltage

Voltan

240 V

R

Nicrom

Nikrom

Power

Kuasa

1500 W

Voltage

Voltan

240V

S

Constantan

Konstantan

Power

Kuasa

1500 W

Voltage

Voltan

240V

T

Nicrom

Nikrom

Power

Kuasa

1000

Voltage

Voltan

240V

TRIAL TERENGGANU 2009

12. Diagram 12 shows a ping pong ball coated with thin metal foil placed between a pair of

parallel metal disc. When the E.H.T is switched on, an electric field is formed in between

the metal disc.

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Rajah 12 menunjukkan sebiji bola ping pong disalut dengan kerajang logam nipis diletakkan

diantara sepasang plat logam.Apabila suis V.L.T dipasang, satu medan elektrik terhasil di antara dua

cakera logam tersebut.

Diagram 12

Rajah 12

(a) What is meant by electric field?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan medan electric?

[1 mark]

(b) Explain what will happen to the ping pong ball when it is brought to touch the

metal disc connected to positive terminal of EHT?

Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada bola ping pong itu bila ia dibawa

bersentuh dengan cakera logam yang disambungkan dengan terminal positif VLT?

[4 marks]

Rahman wants to transform one of the room in his new house as shown in diagram 12.1.

He is given a few suggestions as shown in Diagram 12.2 .Diagram 12.2 shows four

Diagram 12.1

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electric circuits, K, L, M and N, with different arrangement of bulbs and power sockets.

The circuit is to be used in the wiring of the study room for his kids.

You are required to determine the most suitable circuit to light up and supply the

electrical power to thestudy room. Study all the four circuits based on the following

aspects:

Rahman ingin menukar salah sebuah daripada bilik di rumah barunya. Dia diberi beberapa

cadangan seperti dalam Rajah 12.1. Rajah 12.1 menunjukkan empat litar elektrik , K, L, M dan N,

dengan susunan mentol-mentol dan soket-soket yang berbeza. Litar tersebut digunakan untuk

pendawaian bilik bacaan anak-anaknya.

Anda dikehendaki menentukan litar yang paling sesuai untuk menyalakan mentol-mentol dan

membekalkan kuasa elektrik pada bilik bacaan tersebut.

Kaji ciri-ciri bagi empat litar itu dari aspek berikut:

(i) safety feature

ciri keselamatan

(i) arrangement of bulbs and power sockets susunan mentol-mentol dan soket-soket

(iii) position of the kilowatt-hour meter and main fuse

kedudukan meter kilowatt-jam dan fius utama

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(d) An electric toaster has a heating element of resistance 26.7 . The current flowing

through it while in use is 9A

Sebuah pemanggang elektrik mempunyai satu elemen pemanas berintangan

26.7 . Arus yang mengalir melaluinya semasa digunakan ialah 9 A.

(i) State the suitable fuse for the toaster. Nyatakan nilai fius yang sesuai untuk pemanggang itu.

(ii) Calculate Hitungkan

- the supplied voltage - voltan yang dibekalkan

- the power dissipated by the toaster - kuasa yang dikeluarkan oleh pemanggang

[5 marks]

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TRIAL PAHANG 2008

12

a)

b)

Diagram 12.1 and 12.2 shows two electrical circuits containing two bulbs 5 W , 4 Ω each

and an adjustable rheostat (0 – 50 Ω) Rajah Rajah 12.1 dan 12.2 menunjukkan dua buah litar elektrik ringkas yang mengandungi dua buah

mentol masing – masing 5W, 4 Ω dan sebuah reostat yang boleh melaras rintangan dari 0 hingga

50 Ω.

What is meant by resistance ? Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan rintangan ?

[1 mark] / [1 markah]

(i) State the arrangement of the bulbs with the rheostat and relate it to the concept

of effective resistance for both diagrams. Nyatakan susunan mentol –mentol dengan reostat dan hubungkaitkan dengan konsep

rintangan berkesan bagi kedua – dua Rajah.

(ii) If the rheostat has a resistance of 50Ω, calculate the effective resistance in

Diagram 12.2 Jika reostat mempunyai rintangan 50 Ω , hitungkan rintangan berkesan dalam Rajah 12.2

[4 marks] / [4 markah]

(c) Diagram 12.3 shows an an electric jug used to boil water. Rajah 12. 3 menunjukkan sebuah cerekk elektrik yang digunakan untuk memasak air.

Diagram 12.1

Rajah 12.1

Bulb 5W, 4

ΩMentol , 5W,4 Ω

Rheostat

Reostat,

Batteries

bateri

Diagram 12.2

Rajah 12.2

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Table 12.4 shows the specifications for four wires of the same diameter that can be used

as a heating element of an electric kettle. Jadual 12.4 menunjukkan spesifikasi empat dawai berdiameter sama yang boleh digunnakan

untuk membuat elemen pemanas sebuah cerek elektrik.

Table 12.4

Jadual 12.4

You are required to determine the most suitable wire and explain the suitability of the

aspects in Table 12.4 Anda diminta mengenalpasti dawai yang paling sesuai dan terangkan kesesuaian aspek-aspek

yang tertera di Jadual 12.4

[10 markah] / [10 markah]

Type

Jenis

Density /

( kg m-3 )

Ketumpatan/

( kg m-3 )

Melting point

( 0C )

Takat Lebur

( 0C )

Oxidation rate

Kadar

pengoxidaan

Resistance

( Ω / m )

Kerintangan

( Ω/m )

P

Q

R

S

6500

7000

5000

2500

7500

8050

8500

9000

High

Tinggi

High

Tinggi

Low

Rendah

Low

Rendah

8.0 x 10-7

7.0 x 10-7

5.0 x 10-7

8.0 x 10-7

Diagram 12.3

Rajah 12.3

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d) An electric kettle labelled ” 240V , 2000W ” is used for 1 hour everyday for 30 days. Sebuah alat pemanas air berlebel “240V, 2000W” digunakan selama 1 jam sehari

selama 30 hari .

(i) Find the resistance of the heating element if the kettle is connected to a 240 V

power supply. Berapakah nilai rintangan pemanas itu jika disambungkan kepada bekalan

kuasa 240V.

(ii) If the cost per unit is RM 0.22 / kWh , calculate the cost of the usage of the

eletrical energy. Jika kos seunit ialah RM 0.22 / kWj. Hitungkan kos penggunaan tenaga

elektrik.

[5 marks] / [5 markah]

ELECTROMAGNETISM

TRIAL SELANGOR 2008

10.

(a) (b)

Diagram (a) above shows a man riding his bicycle at night while diagram (b) shows the view

of his bicycle wheel.

Rajah (a) di atas menunjukkan seorang lelaki sedang mengayuh basikal pada waktu malam

manakala rajah (b) pula menunjukkan pandangan dekat roda basikal beliau.

Diagram 10.1 shows a bicycle dynamo similar to the man bicycle

Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan sebuah dinamo basikal sama seperti yang terdapat di basikal lelaki

tersebut

Dynamo

Coil on soft-iron core

Wire to lamp

Wayar ke

Tyre

Tayar

Diagram 10.1

Rajah 10.1

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The dynamo contains a rotating permanent magnet and a fixed coil. As the magnet rotates,

an induced current is produced.

Dinamo terdiri daripada sebuah magnet kekal yang berputar dan satu gegelung tetap.

Apabila magnet berputar, arus aruhan dihasilkan.

(a) What is meant by induced current?

Apakah yang dmaksudkan dengan arus aruhan?

[ 1 mark ]

Diagram 10.2

Rajah 10.2

Magnet

Coil (600 turn)

Sensitive

centre-zero

meter

Meter peka

Magnet

Coil (600 turns)

Gegelung (600 lilitan)

Sensitive

centre-zero

meter

Meter peka

berpusat sifar

Diagram 10.3

Rajah 10.3

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(b) (i) Based on Diagrams 10.2 and 10.3, compare the relative motions between the magnet

to the coil.

Berdasarkan Rajah 10.2 dan 10.3, bandingkan gerakan relatif antara magnet

dengan gegelung. [ 1 mark ]

(ii) Based on Diagram10.3. and 10.4, compare the number of turns of the coils.

Berdasarkan Rajah 10.3 dan10.4, bandingkan bilangan lilitan gegelung.

[ 1 mark ]

(i) Based on Diagram 10.3.and 10.4, relate the number of turns of the coil with the

change in magnetic flux and the magnitude of induced current.

Berdasarkan Rajah 10.3 dan 10.4, hubungkaitkan bilangan lilitan gegelung dengan

magnitud perubahan fluks magnet dan magnitud arus aruhan.

[ 2 marks ]

(ii) State the law that explains the situation in (b) (iii).

Nyatakan hukum yang menerangkan situasi di (b) (iii).

[ 1 mark ]

(c) Diagram10.5 shows a d.c. generator

Rajah 10.5 menunjukkan sebuah penjana a.t.

Diagram 10.4

Rajah 10.4

Coil (900 turns)

Gegelung (900 lilitan)

Sensitive

centre-zero

meter

Meter peka

Magnet

Rotating coil

Gegelung berputar

Diagram 10.5

Rajah 10.5

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Diagram 10.6

Rajah 10.6

Explain how the generator works to produce a direct current. Sketch a current-time graph

to explain your answer.

Terangkan bagaimana sebuah penjana berfungsi untuk menghasilkan arus terus. Lukiskan

graf arus- masa untuk menerangkan jawapan anda.

[ 4 marks ]

(d) Diagram 10.6 shows a model of a step down transformer connected to a 240 V a.c supply.

Modification has to be done on the transformer so that it can be used as an efficient 6 V

d.c handphone charger.

Rajah 10.6 menunjukkan model sebuah transformer injak turun yang disambungkan

kepada bekalan a.u 240V. Pengubahsuaian mesti dilakukan kepada transformer ini

supaya ia boleh menjadi pengecas telefon bimbit a.t 6 V yang berkesan.

`

Suggest the modifications that can be made so that the transformer:

Cadangkan pengubahsuaian yang boleh dibuat supaya transformer itu:

(i) can produce 6V voltage output. boleh menghasilkan voltan output 6 V.

(ii) can produce a steady direct current. boleh menghasilkan arus terus yang yang mantap.

(iii) has high efficiency. mempunyai kecekapan yang tinggi.

[ 10 marks ]

TRIAL JOHOR 2008

8 Diagram 8 shows an electromagnet for a crane. It is used to lift iron scrap in a factory.

Rajah 8 menunjukkan satu elektromagnet untuk sebuah kren. Ia digunakan untuk mengumpul

kepingan besi terbuang dalam sebuah kilang.

a.c. input 240 V

Input 240 V a.u.

Soft iron core

Teras besi lembut

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Table 8 shows four cranes with their respective properties.

Jadual 8 menunjukkan empat jenis kren dengan sifat masing-masing

Type of crane Current /A Type of core Number of turn

J 1.0 Soft-Iron 8

K 2.0 Steel 10

L 3.0 Soft-Iron 12

M 4.0 Steel 14

Table 8 / Jadual 8

(a) What is meant by electromagnet?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan electromagnet?

………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark] [1 markah]

(b) Base on Table 8, state the suitable properties of the crane to lift iron scrap more

effectively. Give reason for the suitability of the properties.

Berdasarkan Jadual 8, nyatakan sifat-sifat kren untuk mengumpul kepingan besi terbuang

dengan lebih berkesan . Beri sebab mengapa sifat-sifat itu sesuai.

(i) Current / Arus

……………………………………………………………………………….

Reason / sebab

…………………………………………………………………………[2 marks] [2 markah]

(ii) Type of core / jenis teras

……………………………………………………………………………….

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Reason / sebab

……………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(iii) Number of turns / Bilangan lilitan geglung

……………………………………………………………………………….

Reason / sebab

……………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(c) Based on your answers in 8(b), determine the most suitable crane in Table 8 to lift iron

scrap in a factory.

Berdasarkan jawapan di 8(b), tentukan kren dalam Jadual 8 yang paling sesuai untuk

mengumpul kepingan besi terbuang dalam sebuah kilang.

………………………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]

(d) Base on your choice in 8(c), state the change in the quantity of the iron scrap that can

be lifted when the cylindrical soft iron core is replaced with a U-shaped iron core.

Explain your answer

Berdasarkan pilihan anda dalam 8(c), nyatakan perubahan kuantiti kepingan besi terbuang

yang boleh diangkat jika teras besi lembut berbentuk silinder digantikan dengan teras besi

berbentuk U. Terangkan jawapan anda

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]

(e) A crane P is used to lift 250 kg of iron scrap to a height of 4m in 5 s. Determine the

output power of the crane P.

Sebuah kren P dapat menaikkan 250 kg kepingan besi terbuang setinggi 4 m dalam masa 5 s.

Kira kuasa output kren P itu.

[2 marks]

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ELECTRONIC : CRO

TRIAL TRGANU 2013

4 Diagram 4.1 shows a cross section of a deflection tube used to study the characteristics of

cathode ray.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan keratan rentas sebuah tiub pemesongan yang digunakan untuk

mengkaji sifat-sifat sinar katod.

Diagram 4.1

Rajah 4.1

(a) What is the meaning of cathode ray?

Apakah yang di maksudkan dengan sinar katod?

................…………………………………………………………………………………….........

[1 mark]

(b) When switch S in Diagram 4.1 is closed, the cathode ray is deflected .

Apabila suis S pada Rajah 4.1 dihidupkan, sinar katod didapati terpesong.

(i) On Diagram 4.2 draw the deflection of the cathode ray.

Dalam Rajah 4.2, lukiskan pesongan sinar katod tersebut.

[1 mark]

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(ii) Give the reason for your answer in (b)(i)

Berikan sebab untuk jawapan anda di (b)(i).

..................……...…………………………………....………………………........................

........................………………………………………………………………………............

[1 mark]

(iii) Explain what happen to the size of the deflection of the cathode ray when the

voltage of EHT (0 – 6 kV) is reduced.

Terangkan apakah yang terjadi kepada saiz pesongan sinar katod apabila

voltan (0 – 6 kV) dikurangkan.

……………………………………………………………….................................................

......................…………………………………………………………………………............

[2 marks]

(c) The energy of the cathode ray before hits the fluoresecent is 4.5 x10 -16 J .

Calculate the velocity of cathode ray in the deflection tube.

[The the mass of electron , me= 9 x 10 -31

kg]

Tenaga sinar katod sebelum menghentam skrin ialah 4.5 x10 -16 J

Hitungkan halaju sinar katod di dalam tiub pemesongan itu.

[Jisim bagi elektron, me= 9 x 10 -31

kg]

[2 marks]

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ELECTRONIC : Diode

QUESTION 1: TRIAL SBP 2008

6. Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2 shows two diodes A and B , two bulbs P and Q are

connected to a dry cell with two different arrangement.

Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan dua diod A dan B, dua mentol P dan Q di

sambung kepada satu sel kering dengan dua susunan yang berbeza.

Diagram 6.1 Diagram 6.2

(a) Based on Diagram 6.1 and Diagram 6.2, Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1 dan Rajah 6.2,

(i) compare the connection of diodes to the terminal of the dry cell.

bandingkan sambungan diod-diod kepada terminal sel kering

.......................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii) compare the lighting of the bulbs. Bandingkan nyalaan mentol-mentol itu

.......................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(iii) Relate the connection of diodes to the terminal of the dry cell with the lighting

of the bulbs. Hubungkaitkan antara sambungan diod-diod kepada terminal sel kering

dengan nyalaan mentol.

.......................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(v) Draw the arrangement of four diodes and suitable power supply in the space given in

Diagram 6.3 that can be used to produce full wave rectifier circuit. Lukiskan susunan radas empat diod dan bekalan kuasa yang sesuai di dalam ruangan yang

disediakan dalam Rajah 6.3 untuk menghasilkan litar rektifikasi gelombang penuh.

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[3 marks]

(ii) Draw the wave form of full wave rectification

Lukiskan bentuk rektifikasi gelombang penuh.

[1 mark]

(iii) Name an electronic component that can be used to smoothen the current

produced. Namakan satu komponen elektronik yang boleh digunakan untuk melicinkan arus elektrik

yang terhasil.

.......................................................................................................... [1 mark]

ELECTRONIC : Transistor

TRIAL NS 2009

4. Diagram 4(a) shows a circuit which can switch on the air conditioner when the

temperature in a room increases. Diagram 4(b) shows a resistor and a thermistor used in

the circuit.

Rajah 4(a) menunjukkan satu litar penyaman udara yang boleh dihidupkan apabila

suhu bilik meningkat. Rajah 4(b) menunjukkan satu perintang dan satu termistor yang

digunakan dalam litar itu.

To CRO

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(a) (i) Name component P ? Apakah komponen P?

................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(ii) What is the function of P in this circuit? Apakah fungsi P dalam litar itu ?

................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(b) (i) Complete the circuit in Figure 4 (a), by drawing the symbols of the resistor and the

thermistor in the empty boxes provided. Lengkapkan litar pada Rajah 4(a) dengan melukis simbol perintang dan termistor pada

kotak kosong yang disediakan.

[2 marks]

(ii) Explain why the thermistor is placed as in 4b (i) Terangkan mengapakah termistor itu ditempatkan seperti pada 4b (i)

...................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(c) What is the function of R in the circuit?

Apakah fungsi R di dalam litar?

.............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

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TRIAL KEDAH 2009

4 Diagram 4.1 shows a transistor circuit for an alarm which is activated by heat.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan satu litar transistor bagi penggera yang diaktifkan oleh haba.

Diagram 4.1 / Rajah 4.1

(a) Name the component T. Namakan komponen T.

.............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(b) Complete the following sentences by underlining the correct word.

Lengkapkan ayat-ayat berikut dengan menggariskan perkataan yang betul.

[2 marks]

When T is heated up, its resistance ( decreases / increases ).

Apabila T dipanaskan, rintangannya ( berkurang / bertambah ).

The base current, IB

( decreases / increases ) to switch on the transistor and light up the

bulb. Arus tapak, I

B ( berkurang / bertambah ) untuk menghidupkan transistor dan menyalakan mentol.

(c) Diagram 4.2 shows the trace produced by an alternating current signal on the screen of

a cathode ray oscilloscope. The time base of the oscilloscope is set at 0.02 s per division. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan satu surih yang dihasilkan oleh satu isyarat arus ulangalik pada skrin sebuah

osiloskop sinar katod. Dasar masa osiloskop itu ditetapkan pada 0.02 s per bahagian.

Diagram 4.2 / Rajah 4.2 Diagram 4.3 / Rajah 4.3

(i) What is the period of the alternating current signal?

Berapakah tempoh bagi isyarat arus ulangalik itu?

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.............................................................................................................................. [1 mark]

(ii) Calculate the frequency of the alternating current signal.

Hitung frekuensi bagi isyarat arus ulangalik itu.

[2 marks]

(iii) On Diagram 4.3, draw the trace produced when the frequency of the alternating

current signal is doubled.

Pada Rajah 4.3, lukis surih yang dihasilkan apabila frekuensi isyarat arus ulangalik itu

menjadi dua kali ganda.

[1 mark]

ELECTRONIC : Logic gate

TRIAL PERAK 2009

7 Diagram 7.1 shows a circuit as a logic gate being set up by a student.

The voltmeter will show LOW or HIGH reading.

Rajah 7.1 ialah sebuah litar menjadi gate logic yang di hasilkan oleh seorang

pelajar. Voltmeter akan menunjukkan bacaan RENDAH atau TINGGI.

Diagram 7.1

(a) What will be the reading of V1 when the input wire is connected to A

Apakah bacaan V1 bila wayar disambung ke A

…………………………………………………………………………………………

5V

0V

A

B

V1

V2

Input wire

Wire sambungan

R1= 1 kΩ

R2= 10 kΩ

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(b) (i) What will be the reading of V2when the input wire is connected to B

Apakah bacaan V2 bila wayar disambung keB

…………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in b (i)

Terangkan jawapan anda di b(i)

…………………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]

(c) (i) Based on the above result construct a truth table of the logic gate.

Berdasarkan keputusan di atas, bina satu jadual benar bagi get logik.

[1 mark]

(ii) Name the logic gate and draw the symbol. Namakan get logik tersebut dan lukiskan simbolnya.

[ 2 marks]

(d) Complete the truth table of the logic get shown in the Diagram 7.2. Lengkapkan jadual kebenaran bagi get logik yang di tunjukkan dalam rajah 7.2

Diagram 7.2 / Rajah 7.2

[4 marks]

A B X Y Z F

0 0

1 0

0 1

1 1

A

B

X Y

Z F

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RADIOACTIVITY

TRIAL SNGOR 2009

2 Adam had found a naturally radioactive rock that emit a radioactive radiation. When he

used

a Geiger-Muller tube to examine the rock he found that the rock emits only one type of

radiation.

An average count rate of 5 counts per minute is obtained when the distance between

the radioisotope and the source is more than 10 cm.

Adam telah menjumpai seketul batu radioaktif semulajadi yang memancarkan sinar

radioaktif. Apabila beliau menggunakan sebuah Tiub Geiger Muller untuk menguji batu

tersebut, beliau mendapati bahawa batu tersebut memancarkan satu jenis sinaran sahaja.

Purata kadar bilangan ialah 5 bilangan per minit apabila radioisotop berada lebih 10 cm dari

sumber.

Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1 Diagram 2.2 / Rajah 2.2

The Geiger-Muller tube is moved closer until it is 2 cm from the source.

The readings are recorded for 80 minutes and the results are as shown in the Table 2.

Tiub Geiger-Muller itu digerakkan sehingga berada 2 cm daripada sumber.

Bacaannya direkod untuk 80 minit dan keputusannya ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 2.

Time (minutes)

Masa (minit) 0 20 40 60 80

Count rate

Kadar bilangan 101 65 43 29 21

Table 1 / Jadual 1

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(a) What type of radiation is emitted by the source?

Apakah jenis sinaran yang dihasilkan oleh sumber itu?

....................................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark]

(b) Give a reason why an average count rate of 5 counts per minute is obtained when the

distance between the radioisotope and the source is more than 10 cm.

Berikan satu sebab mengapa purata kadar bilangan bagi 5 bilangan per minit

diperolehi apabila jarak di antara radioisotope dan sumber lebih daripada 10 cm.

....................................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark]

(c) From Table 2, sketch a graph of count rate against time for the source.

Daripada Jadual 2, lakarkan graf kadar bilangan melawan masa bagi sumber tersebut.

[ 2 marks]

(d) From the graph in 2(c), determine the half-life of the radioactive source used.

Daripada graph dalam 2(c), tentukan separuh-hayat sumber radioaktif yang digunakan.

....................................................................................................................................................

[ 1 mark]

TRIAL KEDAH 2009

6 Two radioactive substances X and Y is found near a …

A scientist measured the activity of the radioactive substances using a Geiger-Muller

tube connected to a rate meter.

Dua bahan radioaktif X dan Y telah dijumpai berdekatan dengan …

Seorang ahli sains telah mengukur aktiviti bahan radioaktif tersebut menggunakan

sebuah Tiub Geiger-Muller yang disambung kepada sebuah meter kadar.

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Diagram 6.1 / Rajah 6.1

Diagram 6.2 shows the decay curves obtained for radioactive substance X and

radioactive substance Y.

Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan lengkungan pereputan yang diperoleh bagi bahan radioaktif X dan

bahan radioaktif Y.

Diagram 6.2 / Rajah 6.2

(a) What is the meaning of half life?

Apakah maksud separuh hayat?

................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(b) Based on the decay curves in Diagram 6.2,

Berdasarkan lengkungan-lengkungan pereputan dalam Rajah 6.2,

(i) State the half life of radioactive substance X and radioactive substance Y.

Nyatakan separuh hayat bagi bahan radioaktif X dan bahan radioaktif Y.

X : ................................. Y : .................................

[2 marks]

(ii) For radioactive substance X and radioactive substance Y, what percentage

remains undecayed after 10 minutes?

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Bagi bahan radioaktif X dan bahan radioaktif Y, berapa peratuskah yang belum

mereput selepas 10 minit?

X : ................................. Y : ................................. [2

marks]

(c) Based on the answers to 6(b)(i) and 6(b)(ii), compare the decay rates of radioactive

substance X and radioactive substance Y. Hence state the relationship between decay

rate and half life.

Berdasarkan jawapan-jawapan kepada 6(b)(i) dan 6(b)(ii), banding kadar pereputan bagi bahan

radioaktif X dan bahan radioaktif Y. Seterusnya, nyatakan hubungan antara kadar pereputan dan

separuh hayat.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(d) Give a reason why the readings of the ratemeters did not drop to zero after radioactive

substance X and radioactive substance Y were removed.

Beri satu sebab mengapa bacaan-bacaan meter kadar itu tidak kembali ke sifar selepas bahan

radioaktif X dan bahan radioaktif Y dikeluarkan.

................................................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

TRIAL SBP 2009

12. Two radioactive sources, two detectors and a counter are used in a factory to ensure the

volume of guava juice in a bottle is uniform.

Dua sumber radioaktif, dua pengesan dan sebuah pembilang digunakan di sebuah kilang

untuk memastikan isipadu jus buah jambu yang diisi ke dalam botol adalah seragam.

Diagram 12.1 / Rajah 12.1

Guava juice

Jus buah jambu

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The radioactive source contains a radioisotope.

Sumber radioaktif itu mengandungi radioisotop.

(a) What is meant by a radioisotope?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan radioisotop?

[1 mark]

(b) Table 12.2 shows the characteristics of five radioisotopes P, Q, R, S and T.

Jadual 12.2 menunjukkan ciri-ciri bagi lima radioisotop P, Q, R, S dan T.

Radioisotope

Radioisotop

Half life

Separuh hayat

Types of ray

Jenis sinar

State of matter

Keadaan jirim

Ionising power

Kuasa pengionan

P 7 hours /7 jam alfa Solid/ pepejal High /tinggi

Q 10 days /10 hari beta Liquid /cecair Moderate /sederhana

R 100 days /100 hari gamma Solid /pepejal Low /rendah

S 10 years /10 tahun gamma Liquid /cecair High /tinggi

T 30 years /30 tahun beta Solid /pepejal Low /rendah

Table 12.2 / Jadual 12.2

As a factory engineer, you are required to determine the most suitable radioisotope that

can be used by the system to ensure the volume of guava juice is uniform.

Study the characteristics of all 5 radioisotopes and explain the suitability of the aspects.

Determine the most suitable radioisotope and give the reason for your choice.

Sebagai jurutera kilang, anda dikehendaki menentukan radioisotop yang paling sesuai yang boleh

digunakan oleh sistem untuk memastikan isipadu jus buah jambu adalah seragam.

Kaji ciri-ciri kelima-lima radioisotop dan terangkan kesesuaian bagi setiap aspek. Tentukan

radioisotop yang paling sesuai dan beri sebab bagi pilihan anda.

[10 marks]

(c) Table 12.3 shows the reading of the rate meter for 6 bottles through detector and

radioactive source .

Jadual 12.3 menunjukkan bacaan meter kadar bagi 6 botol yang melalui pengesan dan sumber

radioaktif.

Bottle/Botol A B C D E F

Rate meter reading/Bacaan meter kadar

(count per minute/Bilangan per minit) 464 468 467 462 568 470

Table 12.3 / Jadual 12.3

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(i) State one detector that is suitable to be used for this purpose. Nyatakan satu alat pengesan yang sesuai digunakan untuk tujuan ini.

[ 1 mark]

(ii) Based on table 12.3, which bottle shows the least volume of juice and state the

reason for your answer. Berdasarkan jadual 12.3, botol yang manakah menunjukkan isipadu yang tidak cukup

dan nyatakan sebab bagi jawapan anda.

[3 marks]

(d) In a radioactive decay series, Uranium-238 decays to become Radium-226 by emitting

alfa

and beta.

Dalam siri reputan radioaktif, Uranium-238 mereput menjadi Radium-226 dengan menghasilkan

alfa dan beta.

+ Xα + Yβ

Determine the values of X and Y?

Tentukan nilai X dan Y?

[5 marks]

TRIAL SBP 2013

12. Diagram 12 shows a Geiger Muller tube is connected to a counter that reads the

background reading.

Rajah 12 menunjukkan sebuah tiub Geiger Muller yang disambungkan kepada

pembilang yang memberikan bacaan latar belakang.

Diagram 12.1 / Rajah 12.1

(a) Name one source that produced the background reading.

Namakan satu punca yang menghasilkan bacaan latar belakang.

[1 mark]

(b) Diagram 12.2 shows a charged electroscope. When a radioactive source is brought near

the metal plate of the electroscope the gold leaf collapsed.

Rajah 12.2 menunjukkan sebuah elektroskop bercas. Apabila satu sumber radioaktif

dibawa mendekati plat logam elektroskop itu daun emas akan menguncup.

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Diagram 12.2 /Rajah 12.2

(i) Name the type of radiation emitted by the source.

Namakan jenis pancaran yang dipancarkan oleh sumber.

[1 mark]

(ii) Explain why the gold leaf collapsed.

Terangkan mengapa daun emas itu menguncup.

[3 marks]

(c) Radioisotopes is used to detect the position of blood clots (thrombosis) in the blood

vessels. You are required to investigate the characteristics of the radioisotopes as shown

in Table 12.

Radioisotop digunakan untuk mengesan kedudukan darah beku di dalam salur darah.

Anda dikehendaki untuk menyiasat ciri-ciri radioisotop seperti ditunjukkan dalam Jadual

12.

Radioisotope

Radioisotop

State of Matter

Keadaan Jirim

Half life

Setengah

hayat

Type of

radiation

Jenis Sinaran

Type of detector

Jenis Pengesan

J Liquid

Cecair

6 days

6 hari

Gamma

Gama

GM tube

Tiub GM

K Liquid

Cecair

15 hours

15 jam

Gamma

Gama

GM tube

Tiub GM

L Solid

Pepejal

140 days

140 hari Beta

Spark counter

Pembilang Bungapi

M Solid

Pepejal

28 years

28 tahun Beta

Spark counter

Pembilang Bungapi

Table 12 / Jadual 12

Explain the suitability of each characteristics of the radioisotope to be used to detect the

blood clots in the blood vessels. Determine the most suitable radioisotope that can be

used to detect the position of the blood clots.Give reasons for your choice.

Terangkan kesesuaian setiap ciri radioisotop yang akan digunakan untuk mengesan

kedudukan darah beku dalam salur darah. Tentukan radioisotop yang paling sesuai

yang boleh digunakan untuk mengesan kedudukan darah beku itu. Beri sebab-sebab

untuk pilihan anda.

[10 marks]

(d) A nuclear reaction is represented by the following equation:

Satu tindak balas nuklear diwakili oleh persamaan berikut:

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Based on the equation, calculate Berdasarkan persamaan itu, hitungkan

(i) the mass defect in kg

cacat jisim dalam kg.

(ii) the energy released. tenagayang dibebaskan

[5 marks]