selangor paper 2 - question & answer

36
SULIT 4551/2 4551/2 4551/2 SULIT 1 Biologi Nama: ............................................... Tingkatan : ................... Kertas 2 September 2008 2½ jam SEKOLAH-SEKOLAH MENENGAH NEGERI SELANGOR PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI SPM 2008 BIOLOGI Kertas 2 Dua jam tiga puluh minit JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa Bahagian Soalan Markah A 1 2 3 4 5 Markah Penuh 60 B 6 7 8 9 Markah Penuh 40 Jumlah Markah Diperolehi Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 21 halaman bercetak [Lihat sebelah 1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian, Bahagian A, dan Bahagian B . Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A, dan dua soalan daripada Bahagian B. 2. Jawapan kepada Bahagian A hendaklah ditulis dalam ruang jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. Langkah penting dalam kerja mengira hendaklah ditunjukkan. 3. Jawapan kepada Bahagian B hendaklah dituliskan pada kertas tulis. Anda diminta menjawab dengan lebih panjang tetapi jawapan mestilah jelas dan logik. Dalam jawapan anda, persamaan, gambar rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda boleh digunakan. 4. Jawapan kepada kedua-dua bahagian ini hendaklah diserahkan bersama-sama. Anda hendaklah menyerahkan kertas graf tambahan, jika digunakan, bersama-sama dengan kertas soalan. 5. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan dimaksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yang berguna bagi menjawab soalan. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya. 6. Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalah dibenarkan. 7. Masa yang dicadangkan untuk menjawab Bahagian A ialah 90 minit, dan Bahagian B ialah 60 minit.

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Page 1: Selangor Paper 2 - Question & Answer

SULIT 4551/2

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1

Biologi Nama: ............................................... Tingkatan : ...................

Kertas 2

September

2008

2½ jam

SEKOLAH-SEKOLAH MENENGAH NEGERI SELANGOR

PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PRESTASI

SPM 2008

BIOLOGI Kertas 2

Dua jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

Untuk Kegunaan Pemeriksa

Bahagian Soalan Markah

A

1 2 3 4 5

Markah Penuh 60

B

6 7 8 9

Markah Penuh 40

Jumlah Markah Diperolehi

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 21 halaman bercetak

[Lihat sebelah

1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi dua bahagian, Bahagian A, dan Bahagian B . Jawab semua soalan dalam Bahagian A, dan dua soalan daripada Bahagian B.

2. Jawapan kepada Bahagian A hendaklah ditulis dalam ruang jawapan yang disediakan dalam kertas soalan. Langkah penting dalam kerja mengira hendaklah ditunjukkan.

3. Jawapan kepada Bahagian B hendaklah dituliskan pada kertas tulis. Anda diminta menjawab dengan lebih panjang tetapi jawapan mestilah jelas dan logik. Dalam jawapan anda, persamaan, gambar rajah, jadual, graf dan cara lain yang sesuai untuk menjelaskan jawapan anda boleh digunakan.

4. Jawapan kepada kedua-dua bahagian ini hendaklah diserahkan bersama-sama. Anda hendaklah menyerahkan kertas graf tambahan, jika digunakan, bersama-sama dengan kertas soalan.

5. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan dimaksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yang berguna bagi menjawab soalan. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya.

6. Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalah dibenarkan.

7. Masa yang dicadangkan untuk menjawab Bahagian A ialah 90 minit, dan Bahagian B ialah 60 minit.

Page 2: Selangor Paper 2 - Question & Answer

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SECTION A

[60 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.

For examiner

use

1

Diagram 1.1 shows the structure of a plant cell.

[Gambarajah 1.1 menunjukkan struktur satu sel tumbuhan.]

Diagram 1.1

[Rajah 1.1]

(a) (i) Name X and Y.

[Namakan X dan Y ]

X : ………………………………………………………………………………..

Y: ………………………………………………………………….....................

[2 marks]

(ii) By using an arrow ( ), match X to its correct function.

[Dengan menggunakan satu anak panah ( ), padankan X kepada fungsinya yang betul]

Structure

[Strukrur]

Function

[Fungsi]

• Stores water in the cell

[menyimpan air di dalam sel]

• Site of cellular respiration

[tapak respirasi sel]

• Controls all activities in the cell

[mengawal semua aktiviti di dalam sel]

[1 mark]

Y

X

X

1(a)(i)

1(a)(ii)

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(b) Diagram 1.2 shows the detail structure of Y.

Diagram 1.2

(i) Name an organ in a plant where Y is found abundantly.

Give a reason for your answer.

[Namakan satu organ dalam tumbuhan dimana Y didapati dengan banyaknya.

Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda ]

Name of the organ:………………………………………………........

[ Nama organ ]

Reason :…………………………………………………………………

[ Sebab ]

[2 marks ]

(ii) During photosynthesis, P is the site where light reaction occurs whereas Q

is the site where dark reaction occurs.

[Semasa fotosintesis ,P ialah tempat dimana tindakbalas cahaya berlaku sementara Q

ialah tempat dimana tindakbalas gelap berlaku]

Explain how light reaction occurs at P.

[ Terangkan bagaimana tindakbalas cahaya berlaku di P]

..…………………………………………….............………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

....……………………………………………………………………….…

[2 marks]

1(b)(i)

1(b)(ii)

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(iii) Explain the effect to the process of dark reaction in Q if the light reaction at

P does not occur.

[ Terangkan kesan kepada proses tindakbalas gelap pada Q jika tindakbalas cahaya pada

P tidak berlaku ]

……………………………………………………………………………………………….

..…………………………………………….............………………………

………………………………………………………………………………

....……………………………………………………………………….…..

[ 3 marks ]

(c)(i) Complete the word equation to show the process of photosynthesis by

filling in the empty box provided.

[Lengkapkan persamaan perkataan di bawah untuk menunjukkan proses fotosintesis

dengan mengisi kotak kosong yang disediakan ]

Carbon dioxide + water

[1 marks]

(ii) Explain the effect on the rate of photosynthesis if the atmospheric

temperature is more than 45º C.

[Terangkan kesan ke atas kadar fotosintesis jika suhu persekitaran bertambah

melebihi 45º C ]

.................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................

[2 marks]

Oxygen.

….…...…… +

Chlorophyll

Light

1(b)(iii)

1(c)(i)

1(c)(ii)

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2

Diagram 2 shows a series of reaction. Process X is the formation of molecules

Q, while process Y is the breakdown of polypeptide.

[Rajah 2 menunjukkan satu siri tindakbalas. Proses X adalah pembentukan molekul Q, manakala

proses Y adalah penguraian polipeptida.]

Diagram 2

Rajah 2

(a) Name molecules P and Q.

[Namakan molekul P dan molekul Q.]

Molecules P : ………………………………………………………………

[Molekul P]

Molecules Q ; .......…………………………………………………………

[Molekul Q]

[2 marks]

(b) Explain processes X and Y.

[Terangkan proses X dan proses Y.]

(i) Process X [Proses X]

………………………………………………………………………………………………… .. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(ii) Process Y [Proses Y]

…………………………………………………………………………………………………… .. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

2(a)

2(b)(i)

Molecules P Molekul P

Molecules Q Molekul Q

Polypeptide Polipeptida

Process X Proses X

Process Y Proses Y

2(b)(ii)

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(c) The breakdown of polypeptide molecule to molecule Q through process

Y occurs in human digestive system.

[Pemecahan molekul polipeptida kepada molekul Q melalui proses Y berlaku dalam sistem pencernaan manusia.]

(i) State one organ where process Y occurs.

[Nyatakan satu organ dimana proses Y berlaku.]

………………………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) Name one enzyme secreted by the organ which is needed in

process Y.

[Namakan satu enzim yang dirembes oleh orgam tersebut yang diperlukan dalam proses Y.]

. ……………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(d) Enzyme is used to wash away the blood stain on a shirt.

Explain how the enzyme acts on the blood stain at a maximum rate.

[Enzim digunakan untuk mencuci kesan darah yang terlekat pada baju. Terangkan bagaimana enzim bertindak keatas kesan darah pada kadar maksimum.]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

.. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

.. …………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

(e) Enzyme is made up of chains of polypeptide molecule. The Golgi

apparatus in a living cell are malfunction. Explain the effect of the

malfunction to the production of extracellular enzyme.

[Enzim terbina dari rantaian molekul polipeptida. Alat Golgi dalam sel hidup gagal

berfungsi. Terangkan kesan kegagalan itu dalam penghasilan enzim luar sel.]

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

2(c)

2(d)

2(e)

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3 Diagram 3.1 shows three stages X, Y and Z in meiosis.

[Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan tiga peringkat X, Y dan Z dalam meiosis]

Diagram 3.1

[Rajah 3.1]

(a) (i) Name stages X and Y.

[Namakan peringkat X dan Y]

X: .......................................................................

Y: .......................................................................

[2 marks]

(ii) State two differences between chromosomal behaviour at X and Y.

[Nyatakan dua perbezaan perlakuan kromosom di X dan Y]

…………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]

(b) (i) State the occurrence at Z.

[Nyatakan kejadian yang berlaku di Z]

……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. [2 marks]

3(a)(i)

X Z Y

3(a)(ii)

3(b)(i)

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(ii) The chromosome number in somatic cell of this organism is 12.

State the chromosome number in each of the daughter cell in Z.

Give a reason for your answer.

[Bilangan kromosom dalam sel soma bagi organisma ini ialah 12. Nyatakan bilangan

kromosom dalam setiap sel anak Z. Berikan alasan anda.]

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks]

(c) Diagram 3.2 shows the formation of zygote during fertilization. The sperm

has 24 chromosomes after meiosis.

[Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan pembentukan zigot semasa persenyawaan. Selepas meiosis

sperma mempunyai 24 kromosom.]

Diagram 3.2 [Rajah 3.2]

ZYGOTE ZIGOT

24 23

3

OFFSPRING ANAK

Sperm Sperma

Ovum ovum

3(b)(ii)

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(i) Explain why the sperm has 24 chromosomes?

[Terangkan mengapa sperma mempunyai 24 kromosom]

……………………………………………………………………………………….. ………………………………………………………………………………………... [2 marks]

(ii) Explain the genetic disease faced by offspring P?

[Terangkan penyakit genetik yang dihidapi oleh anak P]

………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………………...

………………………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks]

3(c)(i)

3(c)(ii)

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4 Graph 4.1 shows the level of antibody in the blood of an individual after

receiving two injections.

[Graf 4.1 menunjukkan aras antibodi dalam badan saorang individu selepas menerima dua

suntikan.]

(a)(i) State the content of the injections.

[ Nyatakan kandungan dalam suntikan tersebut].

.........................................................................................................................

[1 marks]

(ii) State the type of immunity in graph 4.1.

Explain your answer.

[ Nyatakan jenis keimunan pada graf 4.1.]

[ Terangkan jawapan anda.]

………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………..

[3 marks]

Second Injection Suntikan kedua

Immunity level

Aras keimunan

First Injection Suntikan pertama

4 2

Lev

el o

f an

tib

ody i

n b

loo

d

Ara

s a

nti

bo

di

dala

m d

ara

h

Graph 4.1

1 0 3 5 Time (weeks) Masa(minggu)

4(a)(i)

4(a)(ii)

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(b) A person is having measles. Explain how he get the disease.

[ Seorang lelaki mengidap demam campak. Terangkan bagaimana dia mendapat

penyakit tersebut.]

……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………………………………………. …………………………………………………………………………………….. [3 marks]

(c) Diagram 4.2 shows a mother is breastfeeding her baby.

[Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan seorang ibu sedang menyusukan bayinya.]

Diagram 4.2

Explain the type of immunity that the baby would acquire.

[Nyatakan jenis immuniti yang akan diperolehi oleh bayinya.]

……………………………………………………………………………….. .. ………………………………………………………………………………

...………………………………………………………………………………

..……………………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks]

(d) Explain the importance of vaccination to a new born baby.

[ Terangkan kepentingan pemvaksinan kepada bayi yang baru dilahirkan.]

……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………….. [ 3 marks]

4(c)

4(d)

4(b)

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5 Diagram 5 shows the structure of a nephrone in a human kidney

Diagram 5.1 Rajah 5.1

(a) Explain the process that take place at P?

[Terangkan proses yang berlaku di P?]

....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... [2 marks]

(b) State one difference in the content in part Q and R.

[Nyatakan satu perbezaan kandungan di dalam bahagian Q dan R]

........................................................................................................................ ………………………………………………………………………………………. [1 mark]

5(b)

5(a)

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(c)(i) Explain the effect on the urine content formed at R if structure at Q is

impaired?

[Terangkan kesan keatas kandungan air kencing yang dihasilkan di R sekiranya

struktur di Q gagal

berfungsi]

.................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................... [4 marks]

(ii) Suggest a method to overcome the problem of impaired kidney.

[Cadangkan satu kaedah untuk mengatasi masalah kegagaian fungsi ginjal]

.....................................................................................................................

[1 mark]

(d) Describe the importance of kidney in osmoregulation.

[Huraikan kepentingan ginjal dalam pengosmokawalaturan]

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………..

[3 marks]

5(d)

5(c)(i)

5(c)(ii)

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Section B

Bahagian B

[40 marks]

[40 markah]

Answer any two questions from this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

6

(a)

Diagram 6.1 shows a human digestive system.

[ Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia ]

Diagram 6.1

RAJAH 6.1

Explain how fried food P is digested in the digestive system.

[Terangkan bagaimana makanan bergoreng P dicernakan di dalam sistem pencernaan itu ]

[ 5 marks ]

Diagram 6.2 shows a structure found in Q.

[ Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan satu struktur yang terdapat dalam Q.]

Diagram 6.2

Rajah 6.2

Fried food P Makanan

bergoreng P

Q

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(b) State the characteristics of the structure for the absorption of the

digested food of P.

[ Nyatakan ciri-ciri struktur itu untuk penyerapan makanan P yang telah tercerna]

[ 2 marks ]

(c) Diagram 6.3 shows a part of the digestive system and the organs related to digestion.

[ Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan sebahagian sistem pencernaan dan organ-organ yang berkaitan dengan proses

pencernaan ]

Diagram 6.3

Rajah 6.3

(i) Explain the effect of malfunction of organ S and organ R to the digestion of

food P.

[Terangkan kesan kegagalan fungsi organ S dan organ R ke atas pencernaan makanan P ]

[ 4 marks ]

(ii) Explain how organ R helps in the assimilation of the following digested food

[ Terangkan bagaimana organ R membantu dalam asimilasi makanan tercerna berikut ]

(a) glucose

Glukosa

(b) amino acid

Asid amino

[ 4 marks ]

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(d)

Diagram 6.4 shows the daily menu taken by a teenage boy aged 15 .

[ Rajah 6.4 menunjukkan menu harian yang diambil oleh seorang remaja lelaki berumur 15 tahun ]

Explain whether the menu is suitable for the boy.

Explain the consequences to his health if he continues taking the daily menu for a long

time .

[Terangkan sama ada menu itu sesuai bagi budak lelaki tersebut. Terangkan kesan kaetas kesihatanya jika dia terus mengambil menu harian tersebut dalam satu jangka masa

yang panjang ]

[ 5 marks]

Banana Pisang

Vegetable [Sayur]

Meat [Daging]

Cheese [keju]

Carbonated drink

[Minuman bergas]

Oil [Minyak]

Diagram 6.4 Rajah 6.4

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7

Diagram 7 shows the cross –section of plant organs that involved in transportation of

substances in a green plant.

[Gambarajah 7 menunjukkan struktur organ tumbuhan yang berkaitan dengan pengangkutan

bahan-bahan dalam satu tumbuhan hijau.]

Diagram 7

Rajah 7

(a) Explain the movement of water molecules from air space through pore T.

[Terangkan pergerakan molekul air keluar daripada ruang udara melalui liang T.]

[2 marks]

(b) The size of pore T is controlled by two guard cells.

Explain the process which occurs in the opening of pore T.

[Saiz liang T dikawal oleh sepasang sel pengawal.

Terangkan proses yang berlaku semasa pembukaan liang T. ]

[4 marks]

(c) The plant is grown in an area which is exposed to hot weather

during the day.

Explain the adaptations of the plant in order to survive in the environment.

[Tumbuhan ini ditanam dalam satu kawasan yang terdedah kepada cuaca yang panas pada siang

hari. [Terangkan penyesuaian tumbuhan ini supaya terus hidup dalam persekitaran tersebut.]

[4 marks]

Guard cell Sel pengawal

Xylem

Phloem Xylem

Phloem Stoma

Xylem

Phloem

Xylem

Phloem Xylem

Phloem Stoma

Xylem

Phloem

R S

R

S

R Pore T Liang T

S

Air space Ruang udara

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(d) R and S are vascular tissues. Explain how R and S are involved in the movement

of substances in plants.

[R dan S ialah tisu vaskular. Terangkan bagaimana R dan S terlibat dalam pergerakan

bahan dalam tumbuhan.]

[5 marks]

(e) Discuss the importance of transportation of water in plants.

[Bincangkan kepentingan pengangkutan air dalam tumbuhan.]

[5 marks]

8 Diagram 8 shows human activities which are carried out near a river.

[Rajah 8 menunjukkan aktiviti yang dilakukan oleh manusia berhampiran dengan sungai]

Diagram 8

[Rajah 8]

(a) Explain one type of pollution that occurs at site Q.

[Terangkan satu jenis pencemaran di kawasan Q]

[2 marks]

P

R

Q

Agriculture area Kawasan pertanian

Palm oil factory Kilang kelapa sawit

Housing area Kawasan perumahan

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(b) The farmers at site P spray a large amount of pesticide in their agriculture activity.

Diagram 9 shows a food chain at site R.

Diagram 9

[Rajah 9]

Explain why the tissues in the fish contains a higher level of pesticide molecules

compared to the algae.

[Petani – petani menyembur racun serangga dengan banyak di kawasan P dalam aktiviti pertanian mereka.

Rajah 9 menunjukkan rantai makanan di kawasan R. Terangkan mengapa kandungan racun tersebut lebih

tinggi di dalam tisu ikan berbanding dengan alga]

[4 marks]

(c) Explain the differences in BOD value between site P and site R?

[Terangkan perbezaan nilai BOD antara kawasan P dan kawasan R?]

[4 marks]

(d) Explain the impact of human activities at site Q on humans.

[Terangkan kesan aktiviti manusia di kawasan Q kepada manusia.]

[5 marks]

(e) Discuss the importance in maintaining a balance ecosystem in a river.

[Bincangikan kepentingan mengekalkan keseimbangan ekosistem sungai]

[5 marks]

Algae Tadpole Fish [Alga] [Berudu ] [ Ikan]

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9

Ahmad has blood group A, while his wife Fatimah has blood group B.

Their daughter Amirah has blood group O.

IA and IB are dominant alleles while IO is recessive allele.

The inheritance is summarized as in diagram 9.1

[Ahmad mempunyai kumpulan darah A manakala isterinya Fatimah mempunyai kumpulan darah B. Anak

perempuan mereka Amirah mempunyai kumpulan darah O]

[ IA dan I

B adalah alel dominan manakala I

O adalah alel resesif]

[Perwarisan tersebut diringkaskan seperti rajah 9.1]

Diagram 9.1

[Rajah 9.1]

X

Parents Phenotype [Fenotip

Induk]

Fatimah Blood group B [Kumpulan Darah B]

Ahmad Blood group A [Kumpulan Darah A]

Offspring Phenotype [Fenotip Anak]

Amirah Blood group O [Kumpulan Darah O]

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(a) Explain how Amirah inherits blood group O.

[Terangkan bagaimana Amirah mewarisi darah kumpulan O]

[5 marks]

(b) Continuous variation and discontinuous variation are types of variation.

[Variasi selanjar dan variasi tak selanjar adalah jenis-jenis variasi]

(i) Identify the type of variation of blood group. Give a reason for your answer.

[Kenalpasti jenis variasi bagi kumpulan darah. Beri satu sebab bagi jawapan anda]

[2 marks]

(ii) State the differences between continuous variation and discontinuous variation.

[Nyatakan perbezaan diantara variasi selanjar dengan variasi tak selanjar]

[4 marks]

(c) Amirah lost plenty of blood during an accident. She needs to replace the blood

lost. Explain why her father is not a compatible donor to Amirah.

[Amirah kehilangan banyak darah dalam satu kemalangan. Dia perlu menggantikan darah

yang hilang. Terangkan mengapa bapanya bukan penderma yang sesuai kepada Amirah]

[4 marks]

(d) AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) is caused by HIV (Human

Immunodeficiency Virus). The virus can be transmitted by sexual intercourse with the

infected person.

Discuss the importance of the HIV test to ensure the virus is not transmitted to

their children.

[AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) disebabkan oleh HIV (Human

Immunodeficiency Virus). Virus ini dijangkiti melalui hubungan seks dengan seorang yang telah

menghidap penyakit ini.

Bincangkan kepentingan ujian HIV untuk memastikan virus ini tidak dipindahkan kepada

anak-anak mereka]

[5 marks]

END OF THE QUESTION PAPER

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SCHEMA

No Criteria Score

1a(i) Able to name X and Y Answer X : Vacuole Y : Chloroplast

1 1

2

a ( ii ) Able to match X to its function Answer : X Stores water in the cell

1

1

b ( i ) Able to name an organ where Y is abundantly found in a plant and able to give a reason Answer Leaf Reason The leaf has plenty of palisade mesophyll cells ( containing plenty of chloroplasts ) // the site for photosynthesis

1 1

2

b ( ii ) Able to explain the light reaction at P Sample answer

• P ( granum ) contains plenty of chlorophyll absorb /capture light energy

• to produce chemical energy // ATP

• to split / break down the water molecule // photolysis of water

• to release oxygen and hydrogen atom Any two

1 1 1 1

2

b ( iii ) Able to explain the effect of dark reaction if the light reaction does not occur Sample answer

• Photolysis / splitting of water molecules does not occur

• No hydrogen atom (is released) to combine with carbon dioxide ( during reduction process ) // no reduction of carbon dioxide

• No glucose is produced

1 1 1

3

c ( ii ) Able to explain the effect on the rate of photosynthesis if the atmospheric temperature is higher than 45 ºC

• Rate of photosynthesis is lower / stops

• Enzyme is denatured

1 1

2

Total 13

No

Criteria

Mars Total Mark

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2 (a) Able to name molecules P and Q. Answer: Molecules P : Amino acids Molecules Q : Dipeptides

1 1

2

(b) Able to explain processes X and Y. Sample answer: Process X : � Condensation of amino acids / (molecules) P // (Two unit of)

amino acids / (molecules) P combine / link and water (molecules) are released.

� Peptide bond formed (between amino acids / P). Process Y : � Hydrolysis of dipeptides / (molecules) Q // Dipeptides / Q is

broken down by water (molecules). � Peptide bonds are broken down.

1 1 1 1

2

2

(c) (i) Able to state the organ in which process Y occurs. Answer: � Stomach / Ileum / Small intestine/duodenum

1

1

(ii)

Able to name one enzyme needed in process Y. Sample answer: � Pepsin / Erepsin/ Peptidase/ Trypsin / Protease Note: The enzyme named is related to the organ stated in (c)(i).

1

1

(d) Able to explain how to ensure the process Y occurs at a maximum rate in the washing of blood stain on a shirt Sample answer: � Use (warm) water with temperature of 37ºC. � This is an optimum temperature for enzyme (activity) //

Enzymes work best at this temperature. OR � Add a little vinegar / acid (in the water) � Enzymes / pepsin work best in an acidic medium. OR � Add more soap / alkali solution (in the water) � Enzymes / trypsin / protease work best in an alkaline

medium.

1 1 1 1 1 1

2

(e) Able to explain the effect of the malfunction of golgi apparatus. Sample answer:

• Processing/ modifying/ packaging/ sorting/ transporting of the synthesised protein / carbohydrates/ glycoproteins/

1

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phospholipids could not be carried out

• Resulting thesynthesised protein/ carbohydrates/ glycoproteins are not able to be released out of the cell through the plasma membrane.

1

2

TOTAL 12

No Marking criteria Marks Total marks

3 (a)(i) Able to name stages X and Y . Answer: X : Prophase I Y : Metaphase I (ii) Able to explain the differences in chromosomal behavior At X and Y. Sample Answer: Prophase I Metaphase I

(Paired homologous chromosomes) are arranged randomly.

(Paired homologous chromosomes) are arranged on the metaphase plate / equatorial plane.

Spindle fibre does not hold on the centromer of the chromosomes .

Spindle fibre holds on the centromer of the chromosomes.

(The homologous chromosomes paired and) crossing over take place.

(The homologous chromosomes paired) crossing over does not take place.

Any 2 (b)(i) Able to explain the occurrence at Z. Sample answer: P1 : Four daughter cells formed P2 : Each daughter cell has two chromosomes / haploid / n (ii) Able to state the chromosome number in the daughter cell and give reason for the answer. Answer: Six (chromosomes) Reason: (During meiosis) the daughter cell / n receives half The number of chromosome from the parent cell / 2n // Daughter cell haploid / n, daughter cell diploid / 2n (d)(i) Able to explain why the chromosomes contain 24 chromosomes. Sample answer:

1. Homologous chromosomes fail to separate equally (during anaphase I)

2. due to exposure to mutagen // any example of mutagens

1

1 1 1 1

1

1 1

2

2

2

2 2

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(d)(ii) Able to explain the genetic disease faced by the offspring. Sample answer :

1. Offspring has 47 chromosomes 2. Down’s Syndrome 3. Chromosome number 21 has three chromosome 4. Has short tongue / broad face // any suitable

characteristic. Any 2

1 1 1 1

2

Total 12

No Marking Criteria Marks

4(a)(i)

(a)(ii)

(b)

(c )

(d)

Able to name the content in the injections correctly. Answer: Antiserum Able to state the type of immunity. Answer: Artificial passive immunity Able to explain the reason for the answer correctly. Sample answer: * The antibody increase above the immunity level immediately after the injection is given. * The quantity of antibody in blood last for only two weeks/ does not last long

Able to explain how a person get measles correctly.

Sample answer:

• The first time measles virus enter the blood .

• The lymphocyte takes longer time to produce antibody.

• The level of antibody is lower than the immunity level. (So he gets the measles)

Able to explain the type of immunity acquire by the baby.

Sample answer:

• Natural passive immunity

• Because breast milk contain antibody

• Antibody destroys pathogen

• Protects the baby from disease (which the mother immune)

Any three

Able to explain the importance of vaccination to a new born

baby. Sample answer

• Vaccination contain vaccine/weak /dead pathogen.

1

1

1

1

1 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

3

3

3

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• Stimulates the lymphocytes

• To produce antibody

• Enhance production of antibody until achieve the immunity level

• To protect the body against disease.

Any two

1

1 1

1

2

Total 12

No MARKING CRITEIA MARKS TOTAL MARKS

5(a) Able to explain the process Answer : Ultrafiltration Explanation : P1 : Higher hydrostatic pressure biger diameter of afferent arteriole than efferent arteriole in the glomerulus cause P2 : Blood plasma without protein plasma (of the Blood) to be filered out (from the glomerulus into the Bowman’s capsule) Any one

1 1

1 1

5 (b)

Able to state one difference in content of part Q and R : Sample answer:

Any one

Q R P1 : Presence of glucose

Absent of glucose

P2 : Precence of amino acid

Absent of amino acid

P3 : Less content of urea

High content of urea

1 1 1

1

5(c)(i)

Able to explain the effect on the urine content at R if

Q is impaired.

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(c)(ii)

(d)

Sample answer:

P1: Reabsorption of water/amino acid/glucose

cannot occur. P2: Glucose present in urine.

P3: amino acid present in urine P4: Volume of water increase

Able to suggest a method to overcome the impaired

kidney

Answer:

Haemodialysis // kidney transplant

Able to describe the importance of kidney in

osmoregulation

Sample answer:

F1 : Blood osmotic pressure can be regulated

P1 : If blood osmotic pressure increases,

P2 : More ADH will be produced

P3 : More water will be reabsorbed

//

P1 : If blood osmotic pressure

P2 : decreases more aldosterone will be

P3 : Produced to reabsorbed more salt Any 3

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1

1 1 1 1

4

1

3

Total

11

Item No.

Criteria Mark Total Mark

6 (a) (i)

Able to explain the role of digestive system in digestion of food P / Fried banana Criteria

1. Identify the classes of food in fried food P/banana 2. Peristalsis occurring in the any parts of the alimentary

canal 3. Digestion of carbohydrates in mouth // ileum with

correct enzymes 4. Digestion of fats in duodenum //ileum with correct

enzyme 5. Any correct product of carbohydrates//fats

Sample answer P1 : Fried banana/food P is rich in carbohydrates/starch and fats ( Physical digestion takes place in the mouth where fried banana are chewed into smaller pieces )

1 1 1 1 1

5

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P3: In the mouth salivary amylase hydrolysed the (pieces of) carbohydrates /starch P5: into Maltose P2 : The food is pushed down the esophagus through peristalsis (In stomach , Food P is not hydrolysed ) P4: Fats is hydrolysed / break down P5: to fatty acids and glycerol by lipase // Lipase Fats +water Fatty acids + Glycerol ( in alkaline medium ) In ileum , P4 & P5 :( Fats is hydrolyzed / break down into fatty acids and glycerol ) P3 & P5 :Maltose is hydrolysed into glucose // Sucrose is hydrolysed by sucrase to glucose and fructose //Lactose is hydrolysed by lactase to glucose and galactose ( In alkaline medium )

(a) (ii)

Able to state the characteristic of villus in absorption of digested food P correctly Sample answer P1 :Villus has very thin cell wall //one cell thick P2 : surrounded by dense blood capillaries//lacteal P3 : They are many villi (to increases the total surface area per volume) P4 : The Villus is moist/ covered with a thin layer of water Any two

1 1 1 1

2

b(i) Able to state the effect of malfunction of organ R/ liver and organ S / Pancreas to the digestion of fried banana Sample answer Malfunction of the liver P1 : Too little / no bile is secreted by the liver P2: Resulting fats is not /hardly emulsified // medium is not alkaline Malfunction of pancreas P3: Too little / no pancreatic juice is secreted

1 1 1

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P4 : Lipids is not /hardly hydrolysed by Lipase to fatty acids and glycerol P5 : Starch is not / hardly hydrolysed by amylase to maltose

Any four

1 1

4

6(b)ii

Able to explain the assimilation of digested food of glucose and amino acids by organ R / liver Sample answer Glucose

• Glucose is used (by cells) to produced energy/carry (cellular) respiration.

• Excess of glucose in the blood is converted to glycogen and stored // excess glucose is stored as glycogen.

• When glucose level in the blood is low the glycogen is converted into glucose

• Excess of glycogen is converted into lipids Amino acid

• Synthesis of plasma protein/ enzymes/ any suitable protein molecule from amino acids

• Excess amino acids are converted/deaminated into urea (to be excreted)

Any four

1 1 1 1 1 1

4

(b)

Able to justify and explain if the menu is suitable for a teenage boy Criteria

1. Justify the menu 2. Explanation 3. Consequences

Sample answer : P1 : The Menu is not a balance diet ( not suitable for the boy ) // The Menu does not contain food from 7 food classes in appropriate ratio P2 : It contains too little food rich in carbohydrates , ( it only has banana and carbonated drink ) which does not give enough energy value required by the boy to undergo his daily activity P3 : It contains too little food which is rich in proteins (red meat and cheese ) which is required by the boy for the growth / new cells formation // cells replacement P4 : It contains too little water which is required for biochemical processes // any suitable function of water P5 : It does not contain sufficient vitamins for healthy growth P6 : It contains food highly rich in fats example butter and oil

1 1 1 1 1

1

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which will supply too much energy for the boy , if stored will cause obesity / arteriosclerosis / heart attack/ high blood pressure ( only about one third of body’s energy requirements comes from food rich in fats) But P7 : It has sufficient vegetables and fruit ( banana ) which are rich in fibre /roughage to prevent constipation. P8 : The banana , vegetable provide minerals needed for the development of bones and maintaining health (But the different types of minerals requirement are not sufficient ) Any 3 from P2 to P8 If the boy keeps taking the above menu his total energy value is not enough // energy needed is less than energy taken Bad effects to the boy May have malnutrition diseases (I ) Rickets , lack of vitamin D (ii ) Beri beri , lack of vitamin B (iii) Scurvy , lack of vitamin C (iv ) Kwashiorkor, lack of protein (v ) Cretinism ,lack of iodine// any suitable health problems (vii ) Diabetic Any one bad effect

1 1 1 1

3 1

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Item

Criteria

Marks Total Mark

7 (a) Able to explain the movement of water molecules from air space through pore T. Sample answer: � The lost of water (molecules) from a plant into the

atmosphere, � in the form of water vapour // evaporation of water � Occurs when the water content in the atmosphere is

lower than (in the sub-stomatal air spaces) in leaves. (Accept the difference in any suitable physical condition between these two regions).

(Any 2 correct answer)

1 1 1

2

(b) Able to explain the process which occurs in the opening of pore T. Sample answer: � During the day // In the presence of sunlight. � Guard cells carry out photosynthesis // Glucose is

produce. � Active transport of potassium ions into the guard cells. � Osmotic pressure in the guard cells increases. � Water enters the guard cells by osmosis. � Hydrostatic pressure in the guard cells increases. � The guard cells become turgid.

(Any 4 correct answer)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

4

(c) Able to explain the adaptation of plant grown in an area which is exposed to an intense heat of the sun during the day. Sample answer: � Leaves / (young) stems are covered with thick

cuticles/ waxy. � Have sunkened stomata // stomata are in grooves. � More stomata on the lower epidermis (compared to

1 1 1

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the upper epidermis). � The stomata are closed during the day // Absorption

of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis occurs during the night.

� The young leaves roll / to reduce the surface area. � These are to reduce the rate of transpiration / lost of

water from the plant. (Any 4 correct answer)

1 1 1

4

(d) Able to explain how xylem and phloem involved in the movement of substances in plants. Sample answer: Xylem: P1 S are xylem (vessels) P2 Xylem / S are well-adapted for water transport which are long / narrow / continuous tubes. P3 which transports water in plants P4 by capillary action P5 due to the forces between water molecules / cohesion force, and the forces between water molecules and wall of xylem / S / adhesion force. OR P4 by root pressure P5 water enters xilem by osmosis OR P4 by transpirational pull P5 water is pulled out of xilem (during transpiration)

(Any 3 correct answer)

Phloem: � R are phloem / sieve tubes and companion cells � which transport organic compounds / glucose /

products of photosynthesis. � by translocation.

(Any 2 correct answer)

1 1 1 1

1

3 1 1 1

2

5

(e) Able to discuss the importance of water transport in plants. Sample answer: � It is a necessity / need / important (for water transport

in plant to survive). � Water is a medium to transport minerals. � As the medium of biochemical reaction (in cells). � Transpiration creates a transpirational pull / pull water

from roots. � Evaporation of water (during transpiration) keeps the

plants cool.

1 1 1 1 1

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� Water provides turgor pressure for support � Water / are needed in guard cells in the opening of

stomata. (Any 5 correct answer)

1 1

5

TOTAL 20

8 (a) Able to explain one type of pollution at site Q.

Sample answer:

F1: Water pollution. E1: Effluents/ phosphate/any suitable pollutant are released

from the factory release into the river. F2: Thermal pollution

E2: Hot water from the factory is released into the river//

Which reduce dissolved oxygen in the river.

(b) Able to explain why the tissues in the fish contains a higher

level of pesticide molecules compared to the algae.

Sample Answer:

P1 : Algae absorbs the contaminated water/ chemicles

P2 : The tadpole feeds on the algae.

P3 : The chemical in the algae will accumulate in the tadpole

body tissue.

P4 : The fish feeds on the tadpole. P5 : Will cause the chemical (accumulated) in the body tissue

of the tadpole to be passed to the fish. P6 : The fish will have a higher concentration of chemicals in

their body tissues. Any 4

(c) Able to explain the difference in BOD value in site P and

R.

Sample answer:

P1 : The BOD value in site P is lower than in site R.

P2 : Because R is at the down stream.

P3 : More pollutants accumulated in R.

P4 : The river water flow from agriculture area / P to palm

oil factory / Q.

P5 : The higher/ increase in organic substance in the river will

increase the population of bacteria / decomposition //

more aquatic organism die // less oxygen dissolved in the

river water (at R)/ Resulting the BOD to increase

1 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1

1

1

1

1

1

2

4

Max 4

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(d) Able to explain the impact of human activities at Q on human.

Sample answer:

Impact 1: Lack of clean water supply

P1: Water effluents from factories contain numerous

Contaminants/pollutants/chemicals

P2: Leads to disease example diarrhea/ cholera/ any

suitable example which threaten health

Impact 2 : Reduction of freshwater fish/food/aquatic

organism/natural resources

P1: Lack of food /protein for human//any suitable

impact and explanation

P2: Destruction of food chain//aquatic organisms die

Impact 3: Destruction of food chain

P1: Accumulation of chemicals in human

P2: Through food chains/taking fresh water food

P3: Cancer/mutation/disease

(e) Able to discuss the importance of maintaining the balance

ecosystem of a river.

Sample answer:

F: A balance ecosystem in a river must be maintain. P1: When water pollution occurs//chemical content is

very high P2: Sunlight penetration is reduced/amount of dissolved

oxygen very low. P3: Plants/producers do not carry out photosynthesis

P4: First consumer species/herbivores/carnivores do not

receive enough energy//destruction of energy flow.

P5: Very high decomposition/eutrophication

P6: Aquatic organisms die/extinct//destruction of food

chain.

P7: River becomes shallower/causing flooding/overflow

of water.

Any 5

.

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1

1

1

1

1

5

5

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No Marking Criteria Marks

9 (a)

9(a)

(b)(i)

Able to explain how Amirah inherits blood group O. Criteria : P1 Parents genotypes

P2 The formation of gamete P3 Random fertilization of gametes

P4 Offspring genotype P5 Offspring phenotype

P6 Conclusion of Amirah’s blood group Sample answer:

Parents Ahmad Fatimah

genotype IA I

O X I

B I

O

Phenotype Blood group Blood group Blood group Blood group

AB A B O

Conclusion: Amirah’s genotype

Any 4 of P1 � P5 : 4 marks

P6 : 1 mark

OR

Able to explain how Amirah inherits blood group O.

P1 : Ahmad’s probable genotype is IAI

A and I

AI

O

Fatimah’s probable genotype is IBI

B and I

BI

O

Amirah’s genotype should be IOI

O

P2 : To obtain IOI

O Ahmad’s genotype is I

AI

O, while

Fatimah’s genotype is IBIO

P3 : During meiosis, gametes produced from Ahmad carry allele

IA and IO While from Fatimah carry allele IB and IO

P4 : During fertilization,

P5 : Genotypes produced in the offsprings are IAIB, IAIO, IBIO, IOIO

P6 : Phenotypes produced by the offspring are blood group AB, A, B

and O respectively.

P7 : So Amirah with blood group O has the genotype of IOI

O

Any 4 of P1 � P6 : 4 marks P7 : 1 mark

Able to identify and explain the type of variation of blood group.

Answer:

Discontinuous variation

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1

1

1

1

1

4

1

4

1

IA IO IB IO

IA I

B I

A I

O I

B I

O I

OI

O

Offsprings Genotype

Gametes

Fertilisation

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(ii)

Reason

• Blood group shows distinctive differences in the characteristic// does not show intermediate characteristics/

Qualitative characteristic.

Able to differentiate the continuous variation and discontinuous

variation.

Continuous variation Discontinuous variation

Has a normal distribution/

Bell shape graph//graph drawn

Has a discrete graph// graph

drawn

Quantitative//has intermediate

Characteristic/values

Qualitative// no intermediate

Characteristic/values

Influenced by genetic

and environmental factors

Influenced by genetic factor

Controlled by many genes/

polygenes

Controlled by A, AB, B,O single

gene

1

1

1

1

1

No Marking Criteria Marks

9(c)

(d)

Able to explain Ahmad and Fatimah is not a compatible donour to

Amirah.

Sample answer:

P1: ( Ahmad’s blood group is A), the erythrocyte has antigen A

and the blood plasma has antibody B.

P2: (Amirah’s blood group is O) erythrocyte has no antigen A or B

but blood plasma has antibody A and antibody B.

P3: Agglutination of Amirah’s blood occurs because

P4: Antibody A acts on antigen A (in Ahmad’s blood)

Able to discuss the importance of the HIV test to ensure the virus is

not transmitted to their children.

P1: HIV test is a screen test done on the blood

P2: To detect the present of the virus(HIV)

P3: As a safety measure for couple to have children

P4: So that the virus is not transmitted// free from HIV

P5: Healthy future generation// any suitable explanation on healthy

community

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

4

5

Total 20