falsafah, misi, wawasan dan matlamat fst

PANDUAN SISWAZAHFakulti Sains dan TeknologiSesi Akademik 2014-2015

PANDUAN SISWAZAHFakulti Sains dan TeknologiSesi Akademik 2014-2015

Fakulti Sains dan TeknologiUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi • 2014http://www.ukm.my/fst

http://www.ukm.my/fst

Cetakan / PrintingHak cipta / Copyright Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2014

Pihak Pengurusan Universiti sedaya upaya sudah mempastikan bahawa BukuPanduan ini adalah tepat pada masa diterbitkan. Buku ini bermaksud untuk

memberikan panduan kepada pelajar memilih program dan kursus pengajian sertakemudahan yang Universiti tawarkan dan bukan pula dimaksudkan sebagai satu ikatankontrak. Pengurusan Universiti berhak meminda atau menarik balik tawaran program

dan kursus pengajian serta kemudahan tanpa sebarang notis.

Diterbitkan di Malaysia oleh / Published in Malaysia byFAKULTI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Dicetak di Malaysia oleh / Printed in Malaysia byPENERBIT UKM

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Semua pertanyaan hendaklah diajukan kepada:Dekan

Fakulti Sains dan TeknologiTelefon: 03-8921 5433/ 4381/ 5417/ 5518

Faks: 03-8921-4913E-mel: [email protected]

Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Data-Pengkatalogan-Dalam-Penerbitan Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Buku Panduan Fakulti Sesi Akademik 2014-2015ISSN 1823-8785

(Ucapan Tun Abdul Razak di Konvokesyen Pertama UKM, 1973)

Maksud Logo UKMLogo UKM ialah sebuah perisai yang berpetak empat. Tiap-tiap petak

mengandungi gambar dan membawa maksud-maksud tertentu.

BukuBuku melambangkan ilmu pengetahuan iaitu peranan utama UKM sebagai

pusat pengajian tinggi dan penyelidikan.

PerisaiPerisai bererti keteguhan. Keteguhan yang dimaksudkan ialah kemampuan

UKM memainkan peranan sebagai pusat pengajian tinggi di negara ini.

HarimauHarimau melambangkan keberanian dan kegagahan. Harimau mencerminkan masyarakat Malaysia yang berteraskan kebudayaan Melayu. Harimau garang menggambarkan kesediaan dan keupayaan UKM mara memerangi kejahilan,

kejahatan dan kepalsuan.

Atom dan TeknologiSimbol-simbol atom dan teknologi melambangkan konsep pembangunan

negara yang berlandaskan sains dan teknologi moden. UKM sebagai pusat ilmu bertanggungjawab mengeluarkan tenaga-tenaga mahir dalam semua

bidang untuk memenuhi keperluan pembangunan negara.

Bunga RayaBunga raya adalah bunga kebangsaan Malaysia. Lima helai ranggi

melambangkan lima prinsip Rukun Negara yang diamalkan dan sentiasa dipelihara oleh rakyat Malaysia.

KANDUNGAN Kata-kata Aluan Naib Canselor 8 Tarikh Sesi Akademik 9 Pihak Berkuasa dan Pegawai Universiti 10 Lembaga Pengarah Universiti 11 Pegawai Pengurusan Universiti 13 Falsafah, Wawasan, Misi dan Matlamat UKM 20 Pegawai Pengurusan Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi 24 Pentadbiran Fakulti 25 Administration Ahli Akademik Fakulti 28 Academic Staff Sejarah Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi 37 Falsafah, Misi, Wawasan dan Matlamat FST 38 Program Pengajian Siswazah 41 Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi 48 Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan 68 • Sarjana Sains (Fizik) 75 • Sarjana Sains (Sains Bahan) 76 • Sarjana Sains (Sains Nuklear) 78 • Sarjana Sains (Teknologi Tenaga) 79 • Sarjana Sains (Fizik Gunaan) 86 • Sarjana Sains (Keselamatan Sinaran dan Nuklear) 105 • Sarjana Sains (Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri) – Eksekutif 114

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan 124 • Sarjana Sains (Kimia) 129 • Sarjana Sains (Sains Makanan) 140 • Sarjana Sains (Pemakanan) 151

Pusat Pengajian Sains Matematik 160 • Sarjana Sains (Matematik) 166 • Sarjana Sains (Statistik) 185 • Sarjana Sains (Peningkatan Kualiti dan Produktiviti) 195

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam 205 • Sarjana Sains (Biologi Pemuliharaan) 223 • Sarjana Sains (Entomologi) 227 • Sarjana Sains (Pengurusan Sumber Genetik Tumbuhan) 234 • Sarjana Sains (Sistematik Tumbuhan) 239 • Sarjana Sains (Geofizik Kejuruteraan dan Persekitaran) 244 • Sarjana Sains (Geologi Kejuruteraan) 249 • Sarjana Sains (Mineral Industri) 254 • Sarjana Sains (Penilaian dan Pemantauan Persekitaran) 259 • Sarjana Sains (Sains Marin) 264

Graduate Studies Programme 272 School of Bioscience and Biotechnology 277 School of Applied Physics 294

• Master of Science (Physics) 300 • Master of Science (Materials Science) 302 • Master of Science (Nuclear Science) 303 • Master of Science (Energy Technology) 305 • Master of Science (Applied Physics) 312 • Master of Science (Radiation and Nuclear Safety) 331 • Master Of Science (Industrial Safety Management) – Executive 341

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology 351

• Master of Science (Chemistry) 356 • Master of Science (Food Science) 366 • Master of Science (Nutrition) 376

School of Mathematical Sciences 386

• Master of Science (Mathematics) 392 • Master of Science (Statistics) 409 • Master of Science (Quality and Productivity Improvement) 418

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences 428

• Master of Science (Conservation Biology) 444 • Master of Science (Entomology) 448 • Master of Science (Management of Plant Genetic Resources) 455 • Master of Science (Plant Systematic) 460 • Master of Science (Engineering and Environmental Geophysics) 465 • Master of Science (Engineering Geology) 470 • Master of Science (Industrial Mineral) 475 • Master of Science (Environmental Assessment and Monitoring) 480 • Master of Science (Marine Sciences) 485

Peraturan - Peraturan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian Siswazah) 2011 492 Ahli Jawatankuasa Penerbitan Buku Panduan 548

Kata Alu-aluan Naib Canselor

Assalamualaikum wbt. dan Salam Sejahtera

Saya merakamkan setinggi-tinggi tahniah dan mengalu-alukan pilihan saudara dan saudari untuk melanjutkan

pengajian peringkat pascasiswazah di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Pilihan saudara dan saudari ini adalah satu pengiktirafan terhadap program pengajian UKM di peringkat ijazah sarjana dan doktor falsafah.

Sebagai pelajar siswazah, saya berharap saudara dan saudari dapat mengambil peluang dan inisiatif memperkayakan

ilmu pengetahuan dengan memberikan sumbangan terhadap halatuju penyelidikan UKM untuk muncul sebagai Universiti Penyelidikan unggul. Sebagai sebuah Universiti Penyelidikan, proses pemantapan bidang penyelidikan UKM disusuli dengan pengwujudan projek tertumpu di bawah dua belas (12) nic iaitu Cabaran Membina Negara Bangsa; Pembangunan Lestari Wilayah; Tenaga Keterbaharuan; Teknologi Kesihatan dan Perubatan; Perubahan Iklim; Nanoteknologi dan Bahan Termaju; Kepelbagaian Biologi dalam Pembangunan Teknologi; Informatik Isian; Penyelidikan Ekonomi, Kewangan dan Perniagaan; Pendidikan dan Peradaban; Politik dan Keselamatan; dan Penyelidikan Transformasi Luar Bandar. Bagi memantapkan keberkesanan nic ini, keterlibatan saudara-saudari amat digalakkan melalui pengwujudan kemudahan penyelidikan dan pembelajaran yang terbaik serta skim galakan penyelidikan untuk pelajar pascasiswazah meningkatkan keupayaan menghasilkan inovasi yang berkualiti dan bertaraf dunia.

Saya yakin dengan pengalaman dan kemahiran yang ada, saudari dan saudari boleh menjadi rakan pembimbing kepada pelajar prasiswazah dan bersama-sama berganding bahu menjayakan hasrat UKM untuk melahirkan modal insan yang berkualiti. Saudara dan saudari juga digalakkan untuk menyertai secara aktif dalam pelbagai aktiviti ko-kurikulum dan keilmuan seperti persidangan, seminar, wacana dan penerbitan bagi memantapkan pengetahuan dan mematangkan pengalaman masing-masing.Saya berharap saudara dan saudari terus meningkatkan usaha dan tekad untuk menjadi graduan pascasiswazah yang berupaya memberi sumbangan besar terhadap kecemerlangan universiti, masyarakat dan negara selaras dengan peranan UKM sebagai ’Guardian of The Nation’.

Sekian.

Prof. Datuk Dr. Noor Azlan GhazaliNaib CanselorUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

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10 Panduan Siswazah FST Sesi Akademik 2014-2015

Pihak Berkuasa dan PegawaiUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

CanselorDuli Yang Maha Mulia Yang di-Pertuan Besar Negeri Sembilan Darul KhususTuanku Muhriz Ibni Almarhum Tuanku MunawirD.K., D.M.N., D.K (Perak)., D.K (Perlis)., D.K (Selangor)., D.K (Kedah)., D.K(Kelantan)., D.K (Johor)., D.K (Terengganu)., D.K.Y.R., PPT., LLB. (UWAberystwyth).,Hon. LLD Glamorgan

DYMM Tunku Ampuan Besar Negeri Sembilan Darul KhususTuanku Aishah Rohani binti Almarhum Tengku Besar MahmudD.K., D.P.T.J.

Pro-CanselorYang Amat Mulia Tunku Laxamana Tunku Dato’ Seri Utama Naquiyuddin Ibni Almarhum Tuanku Ja’afarDK., DKYR., SPNS., SPMP., PPT., BSC ECON (HONS)., Legion d’Honneur, Ordre du Merite, Palmes Academiques (France)., Order of Gran Cruz De La Orden Bernardo O’Higgins (Chile)., Fellow of Aberystwyth University (Wales)., Royal Fellow of Lestari Institute (UKM)

Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun Ahmad Sarji Bin Abdul HamidSSM., PMN., SIMP., SSSA., PNBS., SPMT., DGSM., SSMT., SPNS., SPDK., SPMP., DPCM., BA (Hons) (Malaya)., DPA (The Hague)., MPA (Harvard)., Doktor Kehormat Sains (Pengurusan) (UUM)., Hon. Doctor of BA (Nottingham-Trent)., Doktor Kehormat Persuratan (UNIMAS)., Hon. Doctor in Management (UIAM)., Doktor Kehormat Pengurusan (UNIMAP)

Yang Teramat Mulia Tunku Panglima Besar Kedah Dato’ Seri DiRaja Tan Sri Tunku Puteri Intan Safinaz binti Tuanku Abdul Halim Mu’adzam ShahDKH., DKYR., SHMS., PSM., SSDK., PAT., JP., Hon.PhD.(UUM)., Hon.PhD.(KUIN).Ahli Jemaah Pemangku Sultan Kedah

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi 11

Lembaga Pengarah Universiti (LPU)

PengerusiYang Berbahagia’ Prof. Emeritus Dato’ Dr. Mohamad Zawawi bin IsmailDPSK., JSM., KMN., Bsc., Ph.D, DEng. (Leeds)., Hon DEng. (OUM)., Hon Ph.D (UKMalaysia).,PASM., FIPM., MIEM., PEng

Ahli-ahli LPUYang Berbahagia Prof. Datuk Dr. Noor Azlan GhazaliDMSM., JSM., BSc. Bus. Adm (Finance)., MBA (Finance) (University of Nebraska)., MPA. (Harvard)., Ph.D (University of Nebraska)

Yang Berbahagia Dato’ Seri Ir. Dr. Zaini bin UjangSSTM, PJN, DSNS, DNS, PPT, AMP (Harvard), Ph.D. (Environ. Eng.) (Newcastle), M.Sc. (Environ. Eng.) (Newcastle), B.Chem.Eng. (UTM), Hon. Fellow ASEAN Eng. (AFEO), F.I.Chem.E. (UK), F.A.Sc. (M), Fellow Royal Physiographic Society (Sweden), FIWA (UK), FCMarEng (IMAREST), P.Eng. (M), C.Eng. (UK Engineering Council), C.Sci. (UK Science Council), C.W.E.M. (UK), MIEM

Yang Berbahagia Dato’ Bukhari HassanDPSK., M.EC (UKMalaysia)., B.EC (UKMalaysia)., Dip. Pengurusan Awam (INTAN)

Yang Berbahagia Dato’ Dr. Amran Kasimin DPMS., SMPI., Dip.Pen, SSa (UKMalaysia)., Ph.D (London)

YBhg. Datuk Dr. Hamzah bin KassimPJN., DSPN., BA (USA)., MBA (Taxes)., Ph.D (UK)

Yang Berbahagia Datuk Mohd Nasir AhmadPJN., ACCA (UK)., MBA (Finance) (UKMalaysia)

Yang Berbahagia Datuk Ter Leong YapPJN.,AMN., BE (Hons)(Mechanical Engineering)(UMalaya)

YBhg. Datuk Dr. Ahmed Tasir bin Lope PihiePJN., PMP., JSM., FASc

Yang Berbahagia Puan Sri Zaitun Zawiyah Puteh PJN., DPMP., KMN., LLB (Lincoln’s Inn, London)

Yang Berbahagia Dato’ Ab. Rahim Md. NoorKMN., JMN,. Dip (Pentad. Awam) (INTAN)., SmSastera (UKMalaysia)., Msc. (Policy) (Japan)


Ahli Ex-Officio

Timbalan Naib Canselor Hal-Ehwal Akademik dan AntarabangsaProf. Ir. Dr. Riza Atiq Abdullah O.K. RahmatBECivil., McivilEng (UTM)., Ph.D (UKMalaysia)., Peng., MIEM

Timbalan Naib Canselor Hal-Ehwal Penyelidikan dan InovasiYang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mazlin MokhtarDSDK.,PMP.,BSc(Tasmania).,Ph.D(Queensland).,FMIC

Timbalan Naib Canselor Hal-Ehwal Pelajar dan AlumniYBhg. Prof. Datin Noor Aziah Mohd AwalDNS., LLB (Aessex)., LLM (Kent)

Timbalan Naib Canselor Hal-Ehwal Jaringan Industri dan MasyarakatYang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Saran Kaur GillDBNS., DNS., BA (Hons)., Dip.Ed, MEd (TESL) (Malaya)., Ph.D (London)

Pengarah Eksekutif Pentadbiran/Setiausaha LPUPuan Asmahan MusaDNS., SmSa (UKMalaysia)., MPA (UMalaya)

Pengarah Eksekutif KewanganYang Berbahagia Dato’ Haji Mohd. Abd. Rashid Mohd. FadzilDBNS., DNS., ANS.,BEc (Malaya)., DPI (UKMalaysia)., MBA (Cardiff)

Ketua PustakawanPuan Hafsah MohdMLS (Louisiana), B.Sc.(NIU, Illinois) Dip. in Islamic Studies (UKM)

Penasihat Undang-Undang UKMYBhg. Prof. Dr. Rohimi ShapieeSSP., LLB (Hons.)(Malaya)., LLM (Monash)., Ph.D (Manchester)

Ahli Ganti KPTCik Norina binti JamaludinAMK(Kedah)., MA (Brisbane)., BA (Hons.)(UMalaya)., Post Grad. Dip (UK)


Pegawai Pengurusan Utama

Naib CanselorYang Berbahagia Prof. Datuk Dr. Noor Azlan GhazaliDMSM., JSM., BSc. Bus. Adm (Finance)., MBA (Finance) (University of Nebraska)., MPA. (Harvard)., Ph.D (University of Nebraska)

Timbalan Naib Canselor Hal-Ehwal Akademik dan AntarabangsaProf. Ir. Dr. Riza Atiq O.K. RahmatBECivil., McivilEng (UTM)., Ph.D (UKMalaysia)., Peng., MIEM

Timbalan Naib Canselor Hal-Ehwal Penyelidikan dan InovasiYang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Rahmah MohamedDBNS.,DNS.,BSc(CNAA)(UK).,Ph.D(Queensland).

Yang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mazlin MokhtarDSDK.,AMP.,PMP.,BSc(Tasmania).,Ph.D(Queensland).,AMIC

Timbalan Naib Canselor Hal-Ehwal Pelajar dan AlumniYBhg. Prof. Datin Noor Aziah Mohd AwalDNS., LLB (Aessex)., LLM (Kent)

Timbalan Naib Canselor Hal-Ehwal Jaringan Industri dan MasyarakatYang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Saran Kaur GillDBNS., DNS., BA (Hons)., Dip.Ed, MEd (TESL) (Malaya)., Ph.D (London)

Pengarah Eksekutif PentadbiranSetiausaha LPUPuan Asmahan MusaDNS., SmSa (UKMalaysia)., MPA (UMalaya)

Pengarah Eksekutif KewanganYang Berbahagia Dato’ Haji Mohd. Abd. Rashid Mohd. FadzilDBNS., DNS., ANS.,BEc (Malaya)., DPI (UKMalaysia)., MBA (Cardiff)

Ketua PustakawanPuan Hafsah MohdMLS (Louisiana), B.Sc.(NIU, Illinois) Dip. in Islamic Studies (UKM)


Dekan / PengarahFakulti / Institut / Pusat

Fakulti Ekonomi dan PerniagaanProf. Dr. Nor Ghani Md. NorBEc & Acc (New Castle)., MEc(USA)., Ph.D (USA)

Fakulti FarmasiProf. Dr. Ibrahim JantanBPharm (Mansoura)., MSc (Minnesota)., Ph.D (Malaya)

Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Alam BinaProf. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Abdul Wahab MohammadDSDK,. BSc (Lehigh),. MSc (Purdue),. Ph.D (Wales, Swansea),. MIChEM,. MIEM,. CEng,. PEng

Fakulti PendidikanProf. Dr. Lilia HalimBSc (Ottawa)., Dip. Pend (UKMalaysia)., MEd (Leeds)., Ph.D (London)

Fakulti Pengajian IslamProf. Dr. Mohd Nasran MohammadSmPI. (Kep.)., Dip. Pend. SPI. (UKMalaysia)., MCL (UIA)., Ph.D (Manchester)., Peguam Syarie (WP dan N. Sembilan)

Fakulti Perubatan dan Pusat Perubatan UKMYang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Raymond Azman AliDJN., DPNS., MBBS Hons (Monash)., MMed (S’pore)., MMed. (M’sia)., MD (Monash)., FAMM., FRCP (Glasg)

Fakulti PergigianYang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Ghazali Mat NorDSPN., BDS (Malaya)., MSc. (Orl. Surgery)(London)., FDSRCS (England)., AM (Malaya)

Fakulti Sains dan TeknologiProf. Dr. Sahrim Hj. AhmadBSc (Malaya)., Ph.D (Lough)

Fakulti Sains Sosial dan KemanusiaanProf. Dr. Hazita AzmanBAEd., MA Educ. (Kansas)., Ph.D (Western Australia)


Fakulti Sains Kesihatan Prof. Dr. Siti Zamratol-Mai Sarah MukariMD (UKMalaysia)., MSc (Manchester)., AuD (Central Michigan)., FAAA

Fakulti Undang-undangYang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Aishah BidinDBNS., LL.B (Hons) (Malaya)., LL.M (Kent)., Ph.D (London)

Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains MaklumatYBhg. Prof. Dr. Abdullah Mohd Zin BSc (Hons)(Southampton)., MSc (Wales)., Ph.D (Nottingham)

Graduate School of Business (UKM-GSB)Prof. Dr. Izani IbrahimBSc. (Pennsylvania)., MSc., Ph.D (Nebraska)., CRM

Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA)Prof. Dr. Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin(SmSa (UKM), M.A (London), PhD (U.Malaya).

Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI)Prof. Dr. Mohd Raihan TahaBECivil (UTMalaysia)., MS(Maryland)., PhD(LSU)

Institut Kejuruteraan Mikro dan Nanoelektronik (IMEN)Yang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Burhanuddin Haji Yeop MajlisDPMP., JMN., BSc (UKMalaysia)., MSc (Wales)., Ph.D (Durham)., J.M.N., SMIEEE., FmASS

Institut Perubatan Molekul (UMBI)Yang Berbahagia Prof. Datuk Dr. A. Rahman A. JamalPJN., DPNS., ANS., MD (UKMalaysia)., MRCP (Ireland)., Ph.D (London)

Institut Kajian Oksidental (IKON)Prof. Dr. Rashila RamliBSc (Illinois)., MBA., Ph.D (Northern Arizona)

Institut Biologi Sistem (INBIOSIS)Prof. Dr. Normah Mohd. NoorJSM., BCN., BA (Macalester Coll)., MS (Mich. State)., Ph.D (UPMalaysia)., FASc


Institut Penyelidikan Tenaga Suria (SERI)Yang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Kamaruzaman SopianDPMP., PMP., BSc (Wisconsin-Madison)., MSc (Pittsburg)., Ph.D (Miami)

Institut Sel Fuel (SELFUEL)Prof. Dato’ Ir. Dr. Wan Ramli Wan DaudDSPN., BEng (Monash)., Ph.D (Cambridge)., FIChemE, MIEM., ASASI., Ceng., Peng

Institut Kajian Etnik (KITA)Yang Berbahagia Prof. Ulung Datuk Dr. Shamsul Amri BaharuddinPJN., DSNS., PPT., BA., MA (Malaya)., Ph.D (Monash)

Institut Islam Hadhari (HADHARI)Yang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mohd. Yusof bin Hj. OthmanDSNS., DSPN., SmSn (UKMalaysia)., MSc (London)., Ph.D (Aston)., MIPM

Institut Kajian Rantau Asia Barat (IKRAB)Prof. Dr. Siti Rugayah Hj. TibekAl-Aliya (Kep.)., MA (al-Azhar)., Ph.D (Malaya)

Institut Perubahan Iklim (IPI)Yang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Sharifah Mastura Syed AbdullahDPNS.,JSM.,SmSa.,Dip.Pend.(UKMalaysia).,MSc.(Sheffield).,Ph.D(Southampton)

Institut Informatik Visual (IVI)Yang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Halimah Badioze ZamanDSDK., ALA (Information Sc.), MLS (Information Sc.)., Ph.D (Information Sc.)(UK)

Pusat Pengajian UmumProf.Dr. Khairul Anwar MastorSmSn (UKMalaysia)., MA in Edu. (Washington DC)., Ph.D (NSW)

Pusat Pengajaran & Teknologi Pembelajaran (MOOC)Prof. Dr. Mohamed Amin bin EmbiDip. Education (TESL) (UKMalaysia),. B.A. Hons (First Class) (Brock, Canada),. M.Ed. (TESOL.) (Leeds),. Ph.D (TESOL.) (Leeds)

Pusat Pembangunan Profesional dan KepimpinanProf. Madya Dr. Rohayu Abdul Ghani MSPHRM(UTexasatArlington).,Ph.D(CranfieldUniversity,UK)


Pusat Pengurusan SiswazahProf. Dr. Aini HussainBSEE (LSU)., MSc. (UMIST)., Ph.D (UKMalaysia)., MIEEE., Tau Beta Pi

Pusat Pengurusan Penyelidikan dan InstrumentasiProf. Dr. Muhammad Fauzi Mohd ZainBEng (Kookmin)., MEng (Kyushu)., PhD (Kyushu) Pusat Inovasi KolaboratifYang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mohammed Noor EmbiDSDK., AMK., BSc (Hons.) (Otago)., MSc (Otago)., Ph.D (Dundee)

Pusat Akreditasi PembelajaranProf. Madya Dr. Khaidzir Hj. IsmailBSc., MSc (Southern Illinois)., Ph.D (Leeds)

Pusat Citra UKMProf. Madya Dr. Khaidzir Hj. IsmailBSc., MSc (Southern Illinois)., Ph.D (Leeds)

Pusat Pembangunan Keushawanan dan EKS (CESMED)Prof. Dr. Mohd Fauzi Mohd JaniDNS., PPT., BSc.(UPMalaysia)., Ph.D (Washington State)

Pusat Perancangan Korporat dan KepimpinanProf. Dr. Noor Inayah Yaakub LLB (IIUM)., LLB (Shariah) (IIUM)., LLM (University of Bristol)., Ph.D (Manchester)

Pusat Strategi UKMProf. Ir. Dr. Mohd Marzuki MustafaBSc., BEng (Tasmania)., MSc. (UMIST)., Ph.D (Salford)., MIEEE, PEng

Pusat Pembangunan Mahasiswa & Perhubungan AlumniProf. Madya Dr. Roslee RajikanSmSn (Dietetik) (UKMalaysia)., MSc. (Aberdeen)., Ph.D (Glasgow)

Pusat Teknologi MaklumatProf. Madya Dr Mohamad Shanudin ZakariaBsc.(Computer Sc.)., MSc. (Computer Sc.) (USA)., Ph.D (UK)


Pusat Kembangan PendidikanProf. Dr. Norhamidi MuhamadBSc.(Mechanical Engineering)(USA)., MSc. (Design & Economic Manufacturing)(Wales)., Ph.D (Mechanical Engineering)(Wales)

Pusat PERMATApintar™ NegaraProf. Datuk Dr. Noriah Mohd IshakPMW., BSc (Malaya)., MEd., Dip. Psycho (UKMalaysia)., Dphil (Western Michigan)., Graduate Cert. (Western Michigan)., Cert (Michigan State)

Pusat Pemerkasaan RemajaProf. Dr. Shamsuddin A. RahimSmSa (UKMalaysia)., MS (Madison)., Ph.D (Madison)

Pusat Kepimpinan WanitaProf. Madya Dr. Madeline BermaSmEkon (UKMalaysia)., MA (Wisconsin)., Ph.D (Hull)

Penerbit Yang Berbahagia Prof. Dato’ Dr. Roslan Abd ShukorDBNS., BSc (Physics)( Northern Illinois)., MSc (Applied Physics) (Northern Illinois)., Ph.D (Condensed Matter Physics) (Arkansas)

Jabatan Pembangunan PenyelenggaraanProf. Madya Ir. Dr. Abdul Khalim Abd. RashidDNS., BECivil (UTM)., MSc (Maryland)., Ph.D (Birmingham)., MIEM., PEng

Pusat Komunikasi KorporatProf. Madya Dr. Norzalita Abd AzizBBA (UiTM)., MBA (Marketing)(UKMalaysia)., Ph.D (UMalaya)

Pusat Jaminan KualitiProf. Ir. Dr. Shahrir AbdullahB.Eng. (UKMalaysia)., M.Sc., Ph.D (Wales) ., P.Eng

Pusat SukanDr.TajulArifinMuhamadAMP., BA (Fresno)., MA (Fresno)., Ph.D (UKMalaysia)

Pusat Hubungan Antarabangsa (UKM Global)Prof. Madya Dr. Imran Ho AbdullahBA (Hons.) (Otago)., DipPend (UKMalaysia)., Mphill (Cantab)., Ph.D (Otago)


Pejabat Yayasan CanselorTuan Haji Roslan bin MohamedBA.Mass Comm (UiTM), MDP (Asian), MBA (UPMalaysia)Ph.D (Malaya)(Candidate), ACIM-UK, MCIM, MIMM, MMIM

Pejabat Hubungan Universiti-MasyarakatPrabha Devi SundramBSc. (UMalaya).,Profesional Dip. (UMalaya)., MEd. (UMalaya)., Cert. (Pam Arnold College K.L.)

Pejabat Hubungan IndustriPuan Yazlina SaduriB.Ed. - TESL (UKMalaysia)

Pejabat Keselamatan dan Kesihatan PekerjaanProf. Dr. Amran Ab. MajidSmSn (Kep) (UKMalaysia)., Ph.D (Loughborough)

Pejabat Pengurusan Risiko YBhg. Prof. Dr. Zaidi Isa BSc. Actuarial Science (UKM), MBA (UKM), PhD. Financial Economics (UKM), CertifiedRiskManagement(CRM)

Muzium Warisan AkademikYang Berbahagia Prof. Emeritus Dato’ Dr. Hood Mohd. SallehDSNS., DIMP., BSc (W.Aust.)., Dip. In Soc. Anthrop, Blitt., Ph.D (Oxon)

UKM Holdings Sdn. Bhd.Prof. Madya Dr. Nik Ismail Nik DaudBAgric Sc (Hons) (UMalaya)., MSc (Starth)., MBA (UKMalaysia)., Ph.D (London)


Falsafah, Wawasan, Misi dan Matlamat UKM

FalsafahPaduan antara iman kepada Allah dengan ilmu yang

bermanfaat serta gabungan antara teori dan amal adalah dasar utama bagi perkembangan ilmu, proses pembinaan

masyarakat terpelajar dan pembangunan Universiti.

WawasanUKM nekad menjadi Universiti terkehadapan yang mendahului

langkah masyarakat dan zamannya bagimembentuk masyarakat dinamis, berilmu dan berakhlak mulia.

MisiMenjadi universiti terpilih yang memartabatkan Bahasa Melayu

serta mensejagatkan ilmu beracuan budaya kebangsaan.

MatlamatUntuk menjadi pusat keilmuan yang terkehadapan, berteknologi

dan berdaya saing yang memartabatkan bahasa Melayu sebagai pusat bahasa ilmu, membangun masyarakat dinamis

dan berakhlak mulia, mengantarabangsakan citra dan sumbangan UKM bagi masyarakat sejagat, menjana teknologi

yang bermanfaat kepada masyarakat.


Imbasan Sejarah Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Cetusan pertama gagasan perlunya pendidikan tinggi untuk orang Melayu muncul dalam Mesyuarat Majlis Raja-raja pada 1903. Za’ba, seorang cendekiawan, menulis berkenaan gagasan tersebut dalam akhbar Lembaga Melayu pada 1917. Gerakan pemikiran, perdebatan serta tekad golongan cendekiawan Melayu untuk menubuhkan sebuah universiti dan menggunakan bahasa Melayu, bahasa ibunda sebagai bahasa pengantar di institusi pengajian tinggi bermula pada 1923 apabila Abdul Kadir Adabi, seorang lagi cendekiawan Melayu mengemukakan memorandum gagasan tersebut kepada DYMM Sultan Kelantan. Namun demikian, pemikiran dan tekad tersebut tidak dapat berkembang dan terlaksana kerana wujudnya berbagai-bagai halangan dan rintangan oleh tekanan kolonialisme.

Mulai 1957 hingga 1967, perjuangan untuk penubuhan universiti kebangsaan menjadi semakin bersemarak sebagai memenuhi tuntutan dan semangat kemerdekaan bangsa dan negara. Sehubungan itu, pada 1968 cendekiawan Melayu telah membentuk sebuah jawatankuasa penaja yang berperanan merancang penubuhan sebuah universiti kebangsaan. Pelbagai forum budaya dan politik diadakan bagi mendapat sokongan kerajaan dan rakyat untuk mewujudkan sebuah institusi pengajian tinggi yang memartabatkan bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa pengantar dalam semua bidang pangajian dan keilmuan. Perjuangan yang tidak pernah luput itu mencapai kejayaan dengan penubuhan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) pada 18 Mei 1970 yang memulakan operasi pertamanya di Lembah Pantai Kuala Lumpur. Kumpulan pertama pelajar prasiswazah seramai 192 orang dan dua (2) orang pascasiswazah mula mendaftar di tiga buah fakulti iaitu Fakulti Sains, Fakulti Sastera dan Fakulti Pengajian Islam.

Pada 1974, UKM menubuhkan UKM Kampus Sabah di Kebun Kawang, Papar. Nama Kebun Kawang kemudiannya ditukar kepada Limauan oleh Tun Datu Mustapha Datu Harun yang ketika itu sebagai Ketua Menteri Sabah. Kampus yang menempatkan Fakulti Sains dan Sumber Alam ini berpindah ke Bukit Padang, Kota Kinabalu pada 1980. Seterusnya berpindah ke Menggatal, Tuaran pada 1990 bersama Fakulti Sains Pembangunan yang asalnya ditempatkan di Kampus Induk Bangi. Dengan penubuhan Universiti Malaysia Sabah pada 1994, UKM Kampus Sabah ditutup secara rasminya pada 1996 dan kedua-dua fakulti berkenaan dipindahkan ke Kampus Induk Bangi, Selangor.


Sejak 44 tahun penubuhannya, UKM telah menghasilkan 163,853 graduan pra siswazah dan siswazah. Universiti ini terus berkembang pesat sebagai sebuah institusi pengajian tinggi awam terkehadapan yang kini mempunyai tiga belas (13) fakulti dan tiga belas (13) institut kecemerlangan penyelidikan. UKM juga mempunyai entiti yang beroperasi secara komersil, iaitu UKM Holdings Sdn. Bhd. dan UKM Technology Sdn Bhd sebagai satu pendekatan dalam mengkomersilkan dan memasyarakatkan kepakaran yang dimiliki di samping menjana kewangan Universiti.

Kampus induk UKM di Bangi yang memulakan operasinya pada 1977 mempunyai keluasan 1,096.29 hektar. Kampus Induk Bangi menempatkan sembilan (9) fakulti, dan sebelas (11) institut penyelidikan. Selain itu, UKM juga mempunyai sebuah kampus di Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur dengan keluasan 20 hektar yang menempatkan Fakulti Perubatan (Praklinikal), Fakulti Sains Kesihatan, Fakulti Pergigian, Fakulti Farmasi dan Institut Telinga, Pendengaran dan Pertuturan (HEARS). Manakala Pusat Perubatan UKM (PPUKM) yang mempunyai keluasan 22.3 hektar di Cheras, Kuala Lumpur menempatkan Fakulti Perubatan, Hospital UKM dan Institut Perubatan Molekul (UMBI).

Berasaskan kecemerlangan dalam bidang penyelidikan lebih empat dekad, UKM dipilih sebagai salah sebuah universiti penyelidikan di Malaysia pada 2006. Proses pemantapan bidang penyelidikan disusuli dengan pengwujudan projek tertumpu di bawah dua belas (12) nic iaitu Cabaran Membina Negara Bangsa; Pembangunan Lestari Wilayah; Tenaga Keterbaharuan; Teknologi Kesihatan dan Perubatan; Perubahan Iklim; Nanoteknologi dan Bahan Termaju; Kepelbagaian Biologi dalam Pembangunan Teknologi; Informatik Isian; Penyelidikan Ekonomi, Kewangan dan Perniagaan; Pendidikan dan Peradaban; Politik dan Keselamatan; dan Penyelidikan Transformasi Luar Bandar.

Universiti juga adalah penerima Anugerah Kualiti Perdana Menteri 2006, memperoleh status Swa-Akreditasi pada 2010 dan diberikan status Universiti Autonomi pada Januari 2012. Penganugerahan ini adalah pengiktirafan bagi kecemerlangan UKM dalam bidang akademik dan tadbir urus. UKM melestarikan kecemerlangannya melalui Pelan Strategik UKM 2000-2020 (PS2020).

Kini, UKM memberi tumpuan terhadap enam (6) Bidang Keberhasilan Utama yang dijangka terus melonjakkannya lebih tinggi. Tumpuan tersebut adalah Graduan Berindentiti Nasional, Berkompeten dan Berdaya Saing Inovasi; Penyelidikan dan Inovasi Yang Berimpak Tinggi; Perhubungan Strategik dan Perkongsian Pintar; Tenaga Kerja Kompeten dan Inovatif; Penjananaan Kekayaan Strategik dan Intensif; dan Prasarana Ilmu Yang Kondusif.


Bagi memastikan roh perjuangan para pelopor UKM terus subur dan segar, kesedaran terhadapsejarahpenubuhandibugarsecaraberterusan.MenginsafibahawaUKMadalahinstitusi harapan masyarakat, seluruh warga universiti sama ada warga kerja mahupun pelajar diimbau supaya menyelami dan memahami keperluan rakyat menerusi persoalan yang berlegar dalam kehidupan bernegara. Namun ini tidak menghadkan jangkauan universiti terhadap segenap perkembangan malah pergolakan yang berlaku di peringkat antarabangsa. Universiti yang memiliki pelbagai kepakaran merentas disiplin diyakini berupaya melangkaui garis psikologikal yang membolehkannya beraksi tangkas dalam arena global serta sama-sama memberi jawaban dan penyelesaian permasalahan yang menghambat kehidupan sejagat.


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Panduan Siswazah FST, Sesi 2014-2015

PENTADBIRAN FAKULTI (ADMINISTRATION) Dekan (Dean) Prof. Dr. Sahrim Hj Ahmad Timbalan Dekan Prasiswazah, Alumni & Hubungan Masyarakat) (Deputy Dean – Undergraduate Studies, Alumni & Relation) Prof. Dr. Maslina Darus Timbalan Dekan (Pengajian Siswazah & Antarabangsa) (Deputy Dean - Post-graduate & International Relation) Prof. Dr. Mohd. Salmi Md. Noorani Timbalan Dekan (Penyelidikan dan Inovasi) (Deputy Dean - Research and Industry) Prof. Dr. Rusli Daik Pengerusi Pusat Pengajian (Chairperson of School) Biosains dan Bioteknologi (Biosciences and Biotechnology) Prof. Dr. Zamri Zainal Fizik Gunaan (Applied Physics) Prof. Madya Dr. Muhammad Samudi Yasir Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan (Chemical Science and Food Technology) Prof. Madya Dr. Wan Aida Wan Mustapha Sains Matematik (Mathematical Sciences) Prof. Dr. Ishak Hashim Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam (Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences) Prof. Dr. Shukor Md. Nor Ketua Jaminan Kualiti (Head Quality Management) Prof. Dr. Shahrul Hisham Bin Zainal Ariffin Ketua Jaringan Industri dan Masyarakat (Head of Community and Linkages) Prof. Dr. R Wickneswari Ratnam Ketua Editor Jurnal Sains Malaysiana (Editor Journal of Science Malaysiana) Prof. Dr. Sarani Zakaria

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E-Pembelajaran (E-Learning) Prof. Madya Dr. Ramlan Omar Web Master Prof. Madya Dr. Ahmad Ismail Pengurus (Manager) Pn. Rosafizah Mohamed Idrus Eksekutif Kanan (Senior Executive) Pn. Tuti Martini Mahmud Eksekutif (Eksekutif) Pn. Noor Hayati Ahmad Rasol

Ketua Program Siswazah (Head of Postgraduate Programme) ·Biosains dan Bioteknologi Prof. Madya Dr. Nazlina (Bioscience & Biotechnology) Ibrahim Fizik Gunaan Prof. Madya Dr. Noor Baa’yah (Applied Physics) Ibrahim Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan Prof. Madya Dr. Sahilah Abd (Chemical Sciences and Food Technology) Mutalib Sains Matematik Prof. Madya Dr. Abd. Ghafur (Mathematical Sciences) Ahmad Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam Prof. Madya Dr. Wan Zuhairi (Environmental and Natural Resource Wan Yaacob Sciences) Penyelaras Kursus Siswazah STPD6014 Prof. Dr. Mohd. Shafeea Leman (Coordinator STPD6014) Ketua Pusat Kecemerlangan Pusat Penyelidikan Analisis Air Prof. Dr. Yang Farina Abdul Aziz (ALIR)

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Pusat Penyelidikan Analisis Data Prof. Dr. Anuar Ishak (DELTA) Pusat Penyelidikan Ekosistem Marin Dr. Shariman Mohd Ghazali (EKOMAR) Pusat Penyelidikan Polimer Prof. Madya Dr. Khairiah Haji Badri (PORCE) Pusat Penyelidikan Tasik Chini Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mushrifah Hj. Idris (PPTC) Pusat Sistematik Serangga Dr. Izfa Riza Hazmi (CIS) Pusat Penyelidikan Bukit Fraser Dr. Tukimat Lihan Pusat Inovasi Teknologi Manisan Prof. Madya Dr. Ma’aruf Abd. Ghani (MANIS) Penyelaras Kemudahan/Perkhidmatan Bengkel Mekanikal dan Baik Pulih Dr. Zahari Ibarahim Herbarium Mohd Kassim Rejab En. Ahmad Daman Huri Mohammed Hutan Simpan Kekal Bangi Prof. Madya Dr. Wan Juliana Wan Ahmad Makmal Biologi Molekul Dr. Nurul Yuziana Mohd. Yusof Makmal XPS Dr. Norinsan Kamil Othman Makmal XRF/XRD Prof. Madya Dr. Wan Zuhairi Bin Wan Yaacob

Makmal Bioteknologi Tumbuhan Dr. Che Radziah Che Mohd. Zain Muzeum Geologi Prof. Madya Dr. Kamal Roslan Mohamed Muzeum Zoologi Prof. Madya Dr. Norhayati Ahmad Rumah Haiwan Prof. Madya Dr. Hasidah Mohd Sidek Rumah Tumbuhan Prof. Madya Dr. Haja Maideen Kader Maideen Taman Paku Pakis Prof. Madya Dr. Noraini Talip Taman Herba Prof. Madya Dr. Haja Maideen Kader Maideen Unit Mikroskopi Elektron

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AHLI AKADEMIK FAKULTI (ACADEMIC STAFF) PUSAT PENGAJIAN BIOSAINS DAN BIOTEKNOLOGI (SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY) Profesor (Professor) Ainon Hamzah, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(UPMalaysia) Ismanizan Hj. Ismail, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Edinburgh) Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin, BSc(Malaya), SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(UMIST) Sheila Nathan, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Sussex) Wan Kiew Lian, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Cambridge) Wan Mohtar Wan Yusoff, PSK, BSc(Leeds), PhD(London), MIChEM Zamri Zainal, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Nottingham) Profesor Madya (Associate Professor) Abdul Munir Abdul Murad, BSc(Sheffield), PhD(Aberdeen) Aidil Abdul Hamid, SmSn (UKMalaysia), PhD(Hull) Asmat Ahmad, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Herriot-Watt), DrFal(UKMalaysia) Endom Ismail, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Glasgow) Farah Diba Abu Bakar, BSc(Guelph), MSc(NUS), DrFal(UKMalaysia) Fauzi Daud, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Sheffield) Hasidah Mohd. Sidek, BS, MS(N. Illinois), PhD (Melbourne) Mahanem Mat Noor, BSc(Malaya), PhD(Sheffield) Mohd. Firdaus Mohd Raih, SmSn, SSn(UKM), PhD (Sheffield) Kalaivani A/P Nadarajah, SmSn,SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(East Anglia) Nik Marzuki Sidik, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Wales) Nazlina Ibrahim, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Warwick) Roohaida Othman, BSc, PhD(Southampton) Sahidan Senafi, SMP, SmSn(UKMalaysia), M.Med.Sc(WAustralia), PhD(Dundee) Zeti Azura Mohamed Hussein, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Edinburgh) Pensyarah Kanan (Senior Lecturer) Che Radziah Che Mohd Zain, BSc, MSc, PhD(UPMalaysia) Md. Sharom Mohd. Yusof, BSc(Sussex), MSc, PhD(London) Nurul Yuziana Mohd Yusof, SmSn, SSn, DrFal (UKMalaysia) Nurulhikma Md. Isa, SmSn (UKMalaysia), Sn (UKMalaysia), PhD (Nottingham) Izyanti Ibrahim, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Dublin) Pensyarah (Lecturer) Babul Airianah Othman, SmSn(UKMalaysia) Izwan Bharudin, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysi) * Mohd. Shazrul Fazry Sa’ariwijaya, SmSn, SSn(UKM) Muhammad Ashraf Shahidan, SmSn(UKMalaysia) Mohd Hafiz Che Othman, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) * Norefrina Shafinaz Md Nor, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Nottingham)

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Nur Hidayah Jamar, BSc, MSc(Steven Int. of Tech.), USA Nadiah Wan Mohd Ghazali, BSc(Rochester Int. of Tech.), MSc(Stanford Univ.) USA Nor Farhan Mohd. Assa’ad, SmSn (UKMalaysia), SSn(UMalaya) * Noor Liyana Sukiran, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Nottingham)* Shairah Abdul Razak, SmSn(UKMalaysia)* Wan Syaidatul Aqma Wan Mohd Noor, SmSn(UK Malaysia) Tutor (Tutor) Herryawan Ryadi Eziwar Dyari, SmSn (UKMalaysia)* Mohd. Fareed Mohd. Sairi, SmSn (UKMalaysia)* Nur Hazrin Chong, BSc.(NSW, Australia)* * Cuti belajar

PUSAT PENGAJIAN FIZIK GUNAAN (SCHOOL OF APPLIED PHYSICS) Profesor Abdul Razak Daud ,PMP, SmSn, DipPend(UKMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Surrey) Amran Ab. Majid, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Loughborough) Baharudin Yatim, DSNS, JSM, KMN, PPT, PMC, BSc, PhD(Kent), FIPM Mohamad Deraman, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Kent), MIPM, FMMS, MMASS,

MPESAN Mohd. Yusof Hj. Othman, DSNS, DSPN, KMN, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(London),

PhD(Aston), MIPM Muhammad Yahaya, KMN, ANS, BSc, Drs(ITB), PhD(Monash), FIPM, FMASS, FASC Roslan Abd. Shukor,DBNS, ANS, BS, MS(N. Illinois), PhD(Arkansas), FASC Sahrim Hj. Ahmad, BSc(Malaya), PhD(Lough) Sarani Zakaria, BSc(Bishop’s Univ.), MSc, PhD(UMIST) Shahidan Radiman, BSc(London), PhD(Cambridge), SPLI, FCCS, FCPS, FABI Supian Bin Samat, P.K.T., SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Wales), FIPM Profesor Madya Azman Jalar @ Jalil, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Birmingham) Chia Chin Hua, Smsn(UKMalaysia), Dr.Fal(UKMalaysia) Hasan Adli Alwi, BSc (Herriot-Watt), MSc(Manchester), PhD (Birmingham) Khoo Kok Siong, SmSn, MSc(UKMalaysia), Dr.Fal(UKMalaysia), MIPM Muhammad Azmi Abdul Hamid, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD (Liverpool) Muhamad Samudi Yasir, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Osaka Prefac), PhD(Salford) Noor Baa’yah Ibrahim, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Warwick) Ramli Omar, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Warwick) Redzuwan Yahaya, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Sussex) Rozaidi Rasid, Dip. Rubber & Plastic Tech. (ITM), BSc(North Lond. Univ), PhD(UMIST)

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Pensyarah Kanan Faizal KP Kunchi Mohamed, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Exeter) Geri Kibe Ak Gopir, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Essex) Irman Abdul Rahman, SmSn(UKMalaysia) PhD(Exeter) Mohammad Hafizuddin Hj. Jumali, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD (Warwick) Mohd. Hafidz Ruslan, SmSn, SSn, DrFal(UKMalaysia) Mohd. Amir Radhi Othman, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD ( Univ. of Wollongong, Australia) Norinsan Kamil Othman, SmSn(UKMalaysia),PhD(NSWales) Roslinda Shamsudin, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Sheffield) Rozidawati Awang, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), Dr.Fal(UMalaya) Yap Chi Chin, SmSn, SSn, Dr.Fal(UKMalaysia) Zalita Zainuddin, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia),Dr.Fal(UPMalaysia) Zahari Ibarahim, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Cardiff) Sharifah Nabihah Syed Jaafar, SmSn(UKMalaysia), SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(BOKU) Siti Aisyah Shamsudin, SmSn(UKMalaysia), SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(KyotoUni.Japan) Norsyahidah Mohd Hidzir, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Univ. of Queensland) Pensyarah Aznan Fazli Ismail, SmSn(UKMalaysia), SSn(UKMalaysia)* Mohd Idzat Idris, BSc. (Univ. Kyushu, Japan), SSn.(UKMalaysia) Nurul Shazana Abdul Hamid, SmSn(UKMalaysia), SSn(UKMalaysia) * Wan Mohd Aimran Wan Mohd. Kamil, BSc(London), MSc(London) Yusri Adzir, SmSn(UKMalaysia), SSn (UMalaya) Tutor Hafizah Bazal Ahmad Sm,Sn(UKMalaysia)* PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS KIMIA DAN TEKNOLOGI MAKANAN Profesor Abdul Salam Babji, Dip. Agric(UPMalaysia), BSc, MSc, PhD(Nebraska) Aminah Abdullah, Dip. Agric(UPMalaysia), BSc(LSU), MAg(North Carolina State

University, Raleigh), PhD(Missouri) Bohari Mohd. Yamin, KMN, PJK, BSc(Malaya), PhD(King’s College) Ibrahim Abdullah, AMN, AMK, BSc(Malaya), PhD(California), FMIC, FASc Ibrahim Baba, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Reading), FMIC Ikram M. Said, DSNS, KMN, DNS, PMC, BSc (Hons)(Malaya), PhD(Illinois), FMIC,

FASc. Ishak Ahmad, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(UMIST), AMIC Jumat Salimon, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Miami), PhD(Wales), AMIC, ISE Laily bin Din, DPMP,PMP, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PG Dip.Chem(NEW), PhD(Salford),

FMIC Lee Yook Heng, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Cambridge), AMIC, C.CHEM, MRSC

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Md. Pauzi Abdullah, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Salford), PhD(Wales), AMIC Mohd Ambar Yarmo, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Univ. WIST) Mohamed Rozali Othman, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(La Trobe) Musa Ahmad, DBMS, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Manchester), AMIC Mohammad Kassim, BSc(Lakehead), SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Bristol), AMIC Muhammad Mukram Mohamed Mackeen, SmSn, SSn. (UPM), PhD (Oxford) Osman Hassan, SmSn(UKMalaysia), Dip.Ed, MSc, PhD(Leeds) Rusli Daik, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Durham), AMIC Yang Farina Abdul Aziz, BSc(Manchester), PhD(Reading), AMIC Profesor Madya Azizan Ahmad, SmSn(UKMalaysia), DrFal(UKMalaysia) Jalifah Latip, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Strathclyde) Khairiah Haji Badri, BSc(Colorado), DrFal(UKMalaysia), AMIC Maaruf Abd. Ghani, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(UPMalaysia), PhD(Nottingham) Mohamad Yusof Maskat, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Georgia) Mohd Khan Ayub, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Reading), PhD(Salford) Sahilah Abd. Mutalib, BSc(UMalaya), MSc (UPMalaysia), PhD (UPMalaysia) Wan Aida Wan Mustapha, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Nottingham) Wan Yaacob Wan Ahmad, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Southern California) Pensyarah Kanan Azizah Baharom @ Abdul Aziz, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD (TU Braunshweig,

Germany) Darfizzi Derawi, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) Farah Hannan Anuar, SmSn(UTMalaysia), PhD (Univ. of Dublin) Liew Siew Ling, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(UPMalaysia) Mohamad Azwani Shah b. Mat Lazim, SmSn, SSn( UKMalaysia), PhD(Bristol) Mohd Suzeren Md Jamil, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD (Sheffield) Mohammad Rahimi Yusof, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD (Edinburgh) Nurul Izzaty bt Hassan, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD (St. Andrew) Norrakiah Abdullah Sani, SmSn(UPMalaysia), MSc(London), PhD(Reading) Nurul Huda bt Abdul Karim, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD (Imperial College) Nur Hasyareeda bt Hassan, SmSn(UKMalaysia), SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD (Imperial

College) Norlida Bt. Mat Daud @ Daud, SmSn (UPMalaysia), SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD (Imperial

College) Mumtaz Abu Bakar, BSc(UTMalaysia), SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD (Ireland) Rizafizah Othaman, BEng(TIT), SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Tokyo Inst. Of Technology) Razalee Sedek, BTech(USM), PhD(UKMalaysia) Rozida Mohd. Khalid, SmSn, SSn. (UPM), PhD (Bristol) Salma Mohamad Yusop, SmSn, SSn (UKMalaysia), PhD(Univ. College Cork) Sharina Abu Hanifah, SmSn, PhD(UKMalaysia) Siti Aishah Hasbullah, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Sheffield)

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Siti Fairus Mohd. Yusof, SmSn(UTMalaysia), PhD (Bristol) Suria Ramli, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD (Univ. of Queensland) Zalifah Mohd Kassim, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) Pensyarah Arnida Hani The, SmSn, SSn(UPMalaysia), PhD (Univ. of Adelaide) Lim Seng Joe, SmSn, PhD (UKMalaysia) Nurul Aqilah Mohd. Zaini, SmSn, SSn (UPMalaysia) Mohd. Firdaus Mohd. Yusoff , SmSn(UKMalaysia), SSn(UKMalaysia) * Noorul Syuhada Mohd. Razali, SmSn (UiTM), SSn (Leeds)* Saiful Irwan Zubairi, SmSn, SSn(UTMalaysia), PhD (Imperial College) Tutor Noor Soffalina Sofian Seng, SmSn(UPMalaysia), SSn(UPMalaysia)* Nurfaizah Abu Tahrim, MChem(Oxford)* PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS MATEMATIK (SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES) Profesor (Professor) Abdul Aziz Jemain, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(London), PhD(Reading) Abdul Razak Salleh, DSSA, BSc(Malaya), MSc, PhD(Wales) Anuar Mohd. Ishak, BSc ( Tohoku), MSc, PhD (UKMalaysia) Ishak Hashim, BSc(Ohio State), MSc(Herriot-Watt), PhD(Strath.) Kamarulzaman Ibrahim, BS(Charleston, S. Carolina), MA(Miss.),PhD(Newcastle) Maslina Darus, BSc(Acadia), PhD(Wales) Mohd. Salmi Md. Noorani, BSc, MSc, PhD(Warwick) Roslinda Mohd. Nazar, BSc(Illinois), MSc(Heriot-Watt), PhD(UTMalaysia) Zaidi Isa, SmSn, MBA, DrFal(UKMalaysia) Profesor Madya (Associate Professor) Abd. Ghafur Ahmad, BSc(LaTrobe), PhD(Glasgow) Ahmad Mahir Razali, BS, MS(Iowa), PhD(Medical University of South Carolina) Liong Choong Yeun, BSc(UTMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Cranfield) Noriszura Ismail, BS, MS(Iowa), DrFal(UKMalaysia) Najib Sheikh Mahmood@Najib Mahmood, BSc. Dip.Ed(NEAust), MSc(London),

MSc(Sheff.), FSS(UK) Nasruddin Hassan, BSc(W. Illinois), MS(W. Mich.) PhD(UPMalaysia) Nur Riza Mohd. Suradi, BSc, MSc(Georgia), PhD (UMalaya) Rokiah @ Rozita Ahmad, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MA(CCSU, Connecticut),

PhD(UTMalaysia) Saiful Hafizah Hj. Jaaman, BBA(North Texas), MBA(UKMalaysia), PhD(UPMalaysia)

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mailto:Mahmood@Najib


Zainol Mustafa, B.Eng(Huddersfield), MSc(Newcastle), PhD(Cranfield) Pensyarah Kanan (Senior Lecturer) Alawiah Ibrahim, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) Azmin Sham Rambely, BSc(Arizona), MSc(N’cle), PhD(UMalaya) Eddie Shahril Ismail, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(USMalaysia) Faridatulazna Ahmad Sahabuddin, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Stirling) Fatimah Abdul Razak, SmSn, SSn (UIAMalaysia), MSc (Cambridge), PhD

(Imperial College London) Hamizun Ismail, BS, MS(Iowa), PhD(UPMalaysia) Humaida Banu Samsudin, SmSn, (UKMalaysia), MSc(City), PhD (Salford) Nora Muda, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(UPMalaysia), PhD (USMalaysia) Sakhinah Abu Bakar, SmSn, SSn(UTMalaysia), PhD(Sydney) Syahida Che Dzul-Kifli, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Birmingham) Noriza Majid, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(City) Ummul Khair Salma Hj. Din, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) Wan Rosmanira Ismail, BSc(UMIST), MSc(Southampton), PhD(Lough.) Wan Zawiah Wan Zin@Wan Ibrahim, BSc (United Kingdom), MSc (UPMalaysia), PhD

(UKMalaysia) Zalina Mohd. Ali, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) * Zamira Hasanah Zamzuri, SmSn (UKMalaysia), MSc(UPMalaysia) Pensyarah (Lecturer) Marina Zahari, BSc(Kent), MSc(UPMalaysia) Miza Mumtaz Ahmad, BSc(UIAM)* Munira Ismail, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Hull) * Mohd Aftar Abu Bakar, SmSn, SSn(UTM) * Noratiqah Mohd. Ariff, SmSn(UTM) * Nur Jumaadzan Zaleha Binti Mamat, BSc(Kent), MSc(MU) Rozita Ramli, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(City)* Saiful Izzuan Hussain, Smsn(UKM) * Sharifah Farah Syed Yusoff Alhabshi, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Macquarie, Sydney) Siti Norafidah Mohd Ramli, BSc, MSc(LSE) * Nur Atikah Mohamed Rozali, (BSc (Iowa), SSn(UKMalaysia) Nurulakmal Masseran, SmSn(UKMalaysia), SSn(UKMalaysia) Fellowship Mohd Almie Alias Muhammad Syafiq Johar Guru Bahasa (Language Teacher) Rofizah Mohammad @ Mohammad Nor, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(UPMalaysia)* * Cuti belajar

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PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS SEKITARAN DAN SUMBER ALAM (SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE

SCIENCES) Profesor (Professor) Abd. Ghani Mohd Rafek, BSc(Malaya), Dr.rer.nat.(Bo.,Germany) Abd. Rahim Samsudin, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Leeds), PhD(Aberdeen) Che Abd. Rahim Mohamed, BSc(UPMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Hokkaido) Che Aziz Ali, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(London), PhD(Reading) Fredolin Tangang @ Tajudin Hj Mahmud, BSc(Malaya), MS(Iowa), PhD(British

Columbia) Gires Usup @ Zainuddin Abdullah, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Herriot-Watt), PhD(Woods

Hole Boston) Ibrahim Abdullah, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(London), DrFal(UKMalaysia) Idris Abd Ghani, BAgSc(UPMalaysia), MS, PhD(Mich. State) Jumaat Hj Adam, BSc(Malaya), MSc(Reading), PhD(Aberdeen) Ismail Sahid, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Sheff) Mazlan Abd. Ghaffar, BSc(UPMalaysia), MSc(Newcastle), PhD(Wales) Mohd Shafeea Leman, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Glasgow), PhD(Durham) Mushrifah Hj Idris, DIMP, Dip.Sc.& Ed., BSc(UPMalaysia), PhD(Kings College,

London) Othman Hj Ross, BSc(Malaya), MSc(Strath), PhD(Queensland) Sahibin Abd. Rahim, SmSn(UKMalaysia), P.G.Dip.,MSc, PhD(Wales) Shukor Md Nor, DVM(UPMalaysia), MS, PhD(Illinois) Mohd Talib Latif, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(East Anglia) Umar Hamzah, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(London), MSc(Birmingham),

DrFal(UKMalaysia) Wickneswari a/p Ratnam, BSc, PhD(Malaya) Zubaid Akbar Mukhtar Ahmad, BSc(Malaya), SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Aberdeen) Profesor Madya (Associate Professor) Ahmad Abas Kutty, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Lough) Ahmad Ismail, BSc(USMalaysia), MS(Western Illinois), PhD(Herriot-Watt) Anizan Isahak, BS(SUNY), MSc(Ghent), DrFal(UKMalaysia) Azimah Hussin, SmSn(UKMalaysia), P.G.Dip (Leics) SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Leicester) Badrul Munir Md. Zain, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Columbia NY) Choong Chee Yen, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Reading) Haja Maideen Kader Maideen, SmSn, SSn (UKMalaysia), PhD(Edinburgh) Juhari Mat Akhir, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(ITC, Nether), PhD(Stirling) Kadderi Md. Desa, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Newcastle), PhD(London) Kamal Roslan Mohamad, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(London) Khairiah Jusoh, SmSn, SSn, DrFal(UKMalaysia) Masni Mohd Ali, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Wales),PhD(Wales) Mohd Nizam Mohd Said, BSc(Malaya), MSc(Wales), PhD(Wales)

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Mohd Shuhaimi Othman, BSc(Malaya), PhD(Wales) Norhayati Ahmad, BSc(Hon)(Bishops U. Quebec), SSn, DrFal(UKMalaysia) Norela Sulaiman, SmSn, SSn, DrFal(UKMalaysia) Ng Yong Foo SmSn, SSn, DrFal (UKMalaysia) Noraini Talip, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Reading) Ramlan Omar, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc, PhD(Wales) Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Wales) Wan Zuhairi WanYaacob, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc,PhD(Wales) Wan Juliana Wan Ahmad, SmSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Aberdeen) Wee Suk Ling, BSc(USMalaysia), PhD(USMalaysia) Zaiton Harun, SmSn, SSn, DrFal(UKMalaysia) Zaidi Che Cob, BSc(Malaya), MSc(Wales), PhD(UPMalaysia) Zaiton Harun,SmSn, SSn, DrFal(UKMalaysia) Zulfahmi Ali Rahman, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Wales), PhD(Durham) Pensyarah Kanan (Senior Lecturer) Abdullah Samat, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Aberdeen), PhD(UPMalaysia) Ahmad Damanhuri Mohamad, BSc, MSc(Malaya) Azman Abdul Rahim, SmSn, SSn, DrFal(UKMalaysia) Azhar Abdul Halim, BSc(Hons.), Dip. Ed(UKMalaysia,MSc, PhD(USMalaysia) Fathul Karim Shahrani, SmSn(UKMalaysia), DrFal(UTMalaysia) Faszly Rahim, SmSn, PhD(UKMalaysia) Goh Thian Lai, SmSn(UKMalaysia), SSn (UKMalaysia), PhD (UKMalaysia) Habibah Hj Jamil, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Aberdeen), DrFal(UKMalaysia) Lew Ju Neng, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), DrFal(UKMalaysia) Muzzneena Ahmad Mustapha, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Hokkaido) Md. Atiqur Rahman Bhuiyan, BSc., MSc. (Bangladesh), PhD (UKMalaysia) Mohd Rozi Umor, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(UMalaya) Mohd Shahrul Mohd Nadzir, SmSn (UKMalaysia), MSc(Germany), PhD(UMalaya) Salmah Yaakop, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) Simon Kumar Das, BSc(Rajshashi), SmSn (UKMalaysia), PhD(UKMalaysia) Teruaki Yoshida, BSc, MSc(Tokyo), Dr.Fal(UKMalaysia) Tukimat Lihan, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia), PhD(Hokkaido) Yosni Bakar, BSc(London), MS,PhD(UC-Davis) Pensyarah (Lecturer) Ahmad Fitri Zohari, SmSn(UKMalaysia), Sn(UKMalaysia) Azman Sulaiman, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) Farah Shafawati Binti Mohd. Taib, BSc(Malaysia) * Hani Kartini Agustar, BSc, MSc(Malaysa) * Izfa Riza Hazmi, SmSn, SSN (UKMalaysia) Johari Jalinas, BSc(UPMalaysia) * Kee Alfian Abdul Adzis, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) Khairatul Mardiana Jansar, BTech(USMalaysia), SPeng.Pers(UKMalaysia) * Marilah Sarman, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia)

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Marlia Mohd. Hanafiah, SmSn, SSn (UKMalaysia) Mohd Basril Iswadi Bin Basori, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) * Mohd Rozaimi Jmaludin, BSc(NUS), Msc (UPMalaysia) * Muhmmad Syafiq Musa, SmSn(UKMalaysia), Sn(UKMalaysia) Muhammad Ashahadi Dzulkifli, SmSn(UKMalaysia), Sn(UKMalaysia) Mohd Hariri Arifin, SmSn, SSn (UKMalaysia) Nik Norhazrina Nik Ahmad Kamil, SmSn, SSn (UKMalaysia) Nobert Simon, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) Norlinda Mohd Daut, Dip.Sc(UiTMalaysia), SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) Norsyafina Roslan, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Hong Kong) * Nur ‘Aqilah Mustafa Bakray, SmSn(UKMalaysia), Sn(UKMalaysia) Nurul ‘Ain Ab. Jalil, Sn.Kej, S.Kej (UKMalaysia) * Nurul Wahida Othman, SmSn,SSn(UKMalaysia) Shahriman Mohd Ghazali, SmSn(UKMalaysia), MSc(Southampton) Wan Mohd Lotfi Wan Muda, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) Wan Mohd. Razi Idris, SmSn, SSn (UKMalaysia)

Tutor (Tutor) Nadiatur Akmar Zulkifli, SmSn, SSn(UKMalaysia) Noraziyah Abd Aziz Shamsudin, SmSn (UKMalaysia) * Norasiah Sulaiman, SmSn(UKMalaysia) * Fellowship Mohammad Saiful Mansor * Cuti belajar

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Sejarah Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Liku se jarah Fakulti Sains bermula dengan t ertubuhnya Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia pada tahun 1970, d engan 5 jabatan, 16 o rang t enaga a kademik s erta 37 or ang pe lajar. Fakulti Sains Sumber Alam tertubuh di Sabah pada tahun 1975. Pada tahun 1982, Fakulti Sains y ang asa l telah d ipecahkan k epada b eberapa fakulti iaitu F akulti S ains Fizis d an Gunaan, F akulti S ains H ayat da n P usat P engajian Kuantitatif y ang a khirnya di k enali sebagai Fakulti Sains Matematik. Setelah un iversiti di korporatkan pa da tahun 1998, U KM bersetuju F akulti Sains da n Teknologi (FST) d itubuhkan pa da 19hb Julai 1999 hasil g abungan e mpat fakulti y ang berasaskan sains iaitu Fakulti Sains Fizis dan Gunaan, Fakulti Sains Hayat, Fakulti Sains Matematik, dan Fakulti Sains Sumber Alam. Dengan pe nggabungan i ni, F ST m enjadi lebih k ukuh da n be rsedia m enangani pembelajaran se rta p enyelidikan sa ins d an teknologi u ntuk m embawa Ma laysia k e al af baru dan seterusnya m enjadi p erintis s erta p eraga b agi r umpun l ain d alam ek sesais penstrukturan semula ilmu.

Rasional pemilihan nama FST adalah berlandaskan perkara berikut: • FST adalah gabungan dua ilmu, sains tulen serta sains gunaan yang menjana

teknologi, • FST adalah entiti ilmu yang mempertahankan ilmu asas, • FST juga m enerajui b idang a gar i lmu yang di terokai a dalah t erkini da n

sentiasa berada diperbatasan ilmu. Beberapa pe rubahan t elah dilakukan untuk menjadikan semua program di FST lebih

menarik dan bol eh m enangani c abaran pada alaf ba ru ini. P rogram yang baru i ni merupakan sat u p akej y ang mana p elajar F ST bukan sah aja m ahir dalam b idang sai ns yang ia ceburi tetapi juga mempunyai beberapa kemahiran yang boleh menyediakan beliau untuk al am p ekerjaan t idak kira k erjaya ap a y ang d ipilih. D engan p akej ini F ST ya kin graduan yang dihasilkan mampu menyesuaikan diri dan boleh berdaya saing dalam apa jua keadaan yang akan ditempuh.

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FALSAFAH, MISI, WAWASAN DAN MATLAMAT FST

Falsafah FST mendokong matlamat penubuhan UKM untuk menghasilkan tenaga kerja mahir dan masyarakat terpelajar dalam bidang sains dan teknologi berpandukan falsafah UKM iaitu

paduan antara iman kepada Allah dengan ilmu yang bermanfaat serta gabungan antara teori dan amal.

Misi

Beriltizam menjadi pusat keilmuan terpilih yang menekankan pendidikan dan penyelidikan bertaraf dunia.

Wawasan

FST bertekad menjadi pusat pendidikan dan penjana ilmu sains dan teknologi yang terkehadapan, membentuk masyarakat berilmu, dinamis, inovatif dan

berakhlak mulia.

Matlamat Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi ditubuhkan untuk mencapai matlamat berikut:

• Meneraju, menjana dan menyebarkan ilmu sains dan teknologi yang bermanfaat kepada masyarakat sejagat;

• Menghasilkan modal insan yang berilmu, dinamis, inovatif dan berakhlak mulia; • Mengantarabangsakan citra fakulti; dan

• Memartabatkan Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa ilmu.

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Objektif Melahirkan insan cemerlang yang: • Berpengetahuan dan berketerampilan dalam bidang Sains dan Teknologi yang dipilih. • Berdaya saing untuk mengurus dan memimpin perubahan. • Mahir berfikir secara kritis, kreatif dan inovatif. • Berakhlak m ulia, b eretika t inggi, be rsikap pos itif d an t erbuka, bertanggungjawab,

bermotivasi tinggi, berkeyakinan diri, berdisiplin dan berdikari. • Menyayangi masyarakat dan alam sekitar serta peka kepada kehendak masyarakat dan

negara. • Cekap berkomunikasi dan mahir menulis dalam Bahasa Melayu dan Bahasa Inggeris. • Menguasai penggunaan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi. • Berkebolehan menjalankan penyelidikan dalam organisasi masing-masing. • Berminat dengan pengetahuan terkini dan cenderung belajar sepanjang hayat. Piagam Pelanggan • Menyediakan sistem pengurusan pengajaran dan pembelajaran berlandaskan piawaian

yang ditetapkan. • Beriltizam unt uk menyediakan sumber/infrastruktur p engajaran d an p embelajaran

yang relevan. • Menjamin semua kursus yang ditawarkan dinilai secara saksama. • Menjamin pe nyelidikan yang di jalankan o leh pelajar diselia mengikut garis panduan

yang ditetapkan. • Berusaha untuk menyediakan infrastruktur penyelidikan yang terbaik. • Memberi layanan mesra kepada pelanggan. • Mengadakan Me syuarat Jawatankuasa B ersama P engurusan F akulti d an P erwakilan

Pelajar Prasiswazah satu (1) kali setiap semester. Prinsip Umum • Pengarahan sem ula hala tuju st rategik k eilmuan U KM untuk m enyerlahkan

penyatupaduan dan pengungkapan ilmu dalam acuan sendiri. • Pengkonsolidasian kepakaran tenaga akademik. • Pengukuhan sistem serta struktur penjanaan ilmu. Prinsip Penstrukturan untuk Melahirkan Siswazah Berkualiti • Pewujudan pr ogram m ultidisiplin untuk m emenuhi k eperluan k eikhtisasan serta

permintaan masyarakat. • Peningkatan pe nggunaan t eknologi m aklumat da n k omunikasi da lam ur usan

pengajaran-pembelajaran dan penyelidikan. Strategi Pengajaran • Pembelajaran yang membina keupayaan berfikir, menilai secara kritis, terarah kepada

penyelesaian masalah serta yang membolehkan cara komunikasi yang berkesan. • Program pendidikan tersepadu yang berpandukan pembinaan insan dan kesatuan ilmu

yang dapat membina bakal pemimpin ilmu, masyarakat dan industri. • Program akademik berdasarkan input daripada para ilmuan, industri serta majikan.

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• Kaedah d an t eknologi pe mbelajaran-pengajaran y ang b erkesan, y ang b erasaskan kaedah pengurusan amalan paling baik.

• Kaedah pe nilaian da n pe nilaian y ang t ersusun, t erkawal, t erpantau, da n berkesinambungan.

• Program akademik yang sentiasa mengikuti perkembangan terkini dalam penyelidikan. • Tenaga pengajar dan sokongan teknikal yang terlatih. • Suasana pembelajaran yang selesa, ceria dan menarik.

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PROGRAM PENGAJIAN SISWAZAH FAKULTI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI PENDAHULUAN

Fakulti S ains d an Teknologi ( FST) U niversiti Kebangsaan Ma laysia t elah d itubuhkan dengan r asminya pada 19 Julai 1999 selepas distruktur semula fakulti-fakulti Gugusan Sains di UKM iaitu Fakulti Sains Hayat, Fakulti Sains Fizis dan Gunaan, Fakulti Sains Matematik d an F akulti S ains S umber A lam. F ST s entiasa m enekankan k ecemerlangan dalam p engajaran, p enyelidikan, d an k hidmat m asyarakat. F ST juga m enggalakkan penyelidikan y ang be rcorak multidisiplin d an inovatif da lam us aha un tuk m endapatkan pengiktirafan dalam d an l uar n egeri. P rogram p engajian d itawarkan mengikut k epakaran yang terdapat di lima buah Pusat Pengajian di Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi seperti berikut:

• Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi • Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan • Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan • Pusat Pengajian Sains Matematik • Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam

MATLAMAT DAN OBJEKTIF PENGAJIAN SISWAZAH FST Matlamat dan objektif pengajian siswazah adalah seperti berikut:-

• Menyediakan bakal pemimpin dan penyelidik untuk negara. • Menggalakkan dan mengembangkan budaya penyelidikan dalam bidang sains asas

dan gunaan. • Memberi peluang kepada pelajar siswazah menjalankan penyelidikan secara

bersendirian serta mendapatkan pengajaran dan penyeliaan yang terbaik. • Membina kepimpinan yang berkualiti dalam usaha mencari ilmu dalam bidang

sains dan teknologi serta meningkatkan kemahiran analisis kritisan. • Menyediakan dan menitikberatkan kepentingan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat.

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IJAZAH YANG DITAWARKAN FST menawarkan p rogram-program S arjana S ains d an D oktor F alsafah y ang d iuruskan oleh pusat-pusat pengajian seperti berikut: Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi Doktor Falsafah (Biokimia) Doktor Falsafah (Botani) Doktor Falsafah (Genetik) Doktor Falsafah (Mikrobiologi) Doktor Falsafah (Zoologi) Sarjana Sains (Biokimia) Sarjana Sains (Biologi Molekul) Sarjana Sains (Bioteknologi Tumbuhan) Sarjana Sains (Mikrobiologi) Sarjana Sains (Sains Haiwan) Sarjana Sains (Sains Tumbuhan) Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan Doktor Falsafah (Fizik) Doktor Falsafah (Sains Bahan) Doktor Falsafah (Sains Nuklear) Doktor Falsafah (Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri) Sarjana Sains (Fizik) Sarjana Sains (Fizik Gunaan) Sarjana Sains (Sains Bahan) Sarjana Sains (Sains Nuklear) Sarjana Sains (Teknologi Tenaga) Sarjana Sains (Keselamatan Sinaran dan Nuklear) Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan Doktor Falsafah (Kimia) Doktor Falsafah (Pemakanan) Doktor Falsafah (Sains Makanan) Sarjana Sains (Kimia) Sarjana Sains (Pemakanan) Sarjana Sains (Sains Makanan) Pusat Pengajian Sains Matematik Doktor Falsafah (Matematik) Doktor Falsafah (Peningkatan Kualiti dan Produktiviti) Doktor Falsafah (Statistik) Sarjana Sains (Matematik) Sarjana Sains (Peningkatan Kualiti dan Produktiviti) Sarjana Sains (Statistik)

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Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam Doktor Falsafah (Biologi) Doktor Falsafah (Botani) Doktor Falsafah (Genetik) Doktor Falsafah (Geologi) Doktor Falsafah (Sains Laut) Doktor Falsafah (Sains Sekitaran) Doktor Falsafah (Zoologi) Sarjana Sains (Biologi) Sarjana Sains (Biologi Pemuliharaan) Sarjana Sains (Botani) Sarjana Sains (Entomologi) Sarjana Sains (Genetik) Sarjana Sains (Geofizik Kejuruteraan dan Persekitaran) Sarjana Sains (Geologi) Sarjana Sains (Geologi Kejuruteraan) Sarjana Sains (Mineral Industri) Sarjana Sains (Pengurusan Sumber Genetik Tumbuhan) Sarjana Sains (Penilaian dan Pemantauan Persekitaran) Sarjana Sains (Sains Laut) Sarjana Sains (Sains Marin) Sarjana Sains (Sains Sekitaran) Sarjana Sains (Sistematik Tumbuhan) Sarjana Sains (Zoologi)

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JENIS PENGAJIAN Doktor Falsafah Program Doktor Falsafah digubal untuk memenuhi keperluan penyelidikan, menyumbang kepada b udaya S ains d an Teknologi, m enjana p enerbitan ya ng t eriktiraf d i peringkat antarabangsa serta melatih siswazah memupuk kekritisan. Program Doktor Falsafah yang disajikan d i F ST a dalah p rogram kajian y ang menghasilkan seb uah t esis. T esis t ersebut akan diadili dan dipertahan oleh calon dalam satu pembentangan lisan. Tempoh pengajian ialah seperti yang berjalan sekarang. Sarjana Sains Penyediaan Tesis Calon p erlu m engikuti s ekurang-kurangnya 8 -14 j am k redit k ursus ( mengikut ke perluan program) de ngan P NGK m inimum 3.00 t ermasuk 4 j am kredit k ursus F akulti i aitu STPD6014 d an m enyiapkan P enyelidikan T esis. Sekiranya p encapaian m emuaskan, (PNGK > 3.67) c alon boleh memohon menukar program d aripada Sarjana Sains kepada Doktor Falsafah pada semester ketiga pengajian. Kerja Kursus Calon perlu mendaftar dan l ulus 40 -46 jam kredit kursus termasuk P rojek P enyelidikan. Unit un tuk P rojek P enyelidikan a dalah antara 8-12 unit. S eandainya c alon di kehendaki mengambil k ursus p rasyarat, k ursus t ersebut m estilah d iselesaikan d ahulu d engan mendapat gred sekurang-kurangnya B.

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Penukaran Program Sarjana kepada Program Doktor Falsafah Penukaran boleh dipohon selepas s emester kedua dan selewat-lewatnya akhir semester ketiga. P enukaran ini ha nya di bolehkan ba gi pe lajar y ang mengikuti P rogram S arjana Sains secara tesis sahaja. Syarat penukaran program adalah: 1. PNGK kursus sekurang-kurangnya 3.67. 2. Pelajar mesti mendaftar secara sepenuh masa. 3. Laporan penyelidikan yang memuaskan. 4. Laporan dan sokongan penyelia. 5. Mengemukakan cadangan penyelidikan untuk Program Doktor Falsafah. 6. Membentang laporan dan cadangan penyelidikan di peringkat Pusat Pengajian. 7. Laporan dimajukan kepada Dekan Fakulti untuk pertimbangan. 8. Keputusan dimajukan kepada Pusat Pengajian Siswazah untuk dimaklumkan kepada

pelajar.

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KURSUS FAKULTI (STPD) Semua pelajar Doktor Falsafah dan Sarjana Sains diwajibkan mendaftar dan lulus kursus Fakulti STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan kecuali pelajar yang t elah mengambil dan lulus kursus tersebut semasa mengikuti program Sarjana Sains di FST. Kursus ini dikendalikan oleh seb ilangan p ensyarah y ang t erhad k epada se orang p ensyarah d ari se tiap P usat Pengajian. STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan Kursus i ni bertujuan m emberikan latar b elakang d an k aedah m enjalankan ses ebuah penyelidikan saintifik. T ajuk-tajuk m engenai et ika penyelidikan y ang di bahas ialah prinsip-prinsip pe nyelidikan da n pe ranan p enyelidik. T ajuk-tajuk m engenai pe ngurusan penyelidikan m eliputi teknik p encarian m aklumat, r eka b entuk ek speriman, p enyediaan usulan penyelidikan, teknik persembahan hasil penyelidikan secara lisan dan bertulis, dan pengenalan k epada k egiatan pe nyelidikan di F ST. Aspek pe raturan dan perundangan dibahas d alam t ajuk h arta intelek d an h arta b enda i ntelek, asp ek keselamatan di r uang bekerja, d an f ormat m enulis t esis m engikut g aya UKM. Sebilangan k uliah d an sesi perbincangan diperuntukkan untuk tajuk-tajuk yang menghusus kepada pusat-pusat pengajian. Penilaian kursus ini ialah berdasarkan usulan penyelidikan bertulis oleh setiap pelajar dan pembentangan usalan tersebut di dalam seminar. Bacaan Asas Bainbridge, D. 1998. Intellectual Property. 3rd ed. London: Pitman. Beynon, R .J. 19 93. Postgraduate Study in the Biological Sciences: A Research’s

Companion. London: Portland Press. Day, R.A. 1998. How to Write & Publish a Scientific Paper. 5th ed. Phoenix: Orxy Press. Greenfield, T. 2001. Research Method for Postgraduates. 2nd ed. London: An Arnold Publ. Ismail Ahmad. 1996. Penulisan Saintifik. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Palya, W .L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. 5th ed. Jacksonville, A labama:

Jacksonville State University.

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HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM

PO1: Menyedari d an m enghayati sep enuhnya b ahawa m enguasai sa ins d an teknologi menerusi penyelidikan merupakan salah satu cabaran dalam usaha sesebuah negara mencapai taraf negara maju.

PO2: Berupaya m erancang d an m enjalankan p enyelidikan y ang b ermutu sec ara bersendirian melalui penyeliaan yang minimum.

PO3: Berupaya m enyampaikan hasil p enyelidikan sec ara b ertulis d an l isan k epada kumpulan sasaran dengan berkesan.

PO4: Berpengetahuan mendalam tentang bidang ilmu yang dipakari. PO5: Berupaya m enganalisis, m ensintesis d an m enghujah sesu atu isu d alam b idang

sains asas dan gunaan. PO6: Memahami dan berupaya mengamalkan budaya penyelidikan dalam bidang sains

asas dan gunaan. PO7: Berminat m eneroka d an menambah i lmu p engetahuan m elalui pembelajaran

sepanjang hayat. PO8: Berupaya memimpin penyelidikan. PO9: Memahami nilai ekonomi dan aspek perundangan penyelidikan. HASIL PEMBELAJARAN KURSUS CO1: Berupaya merancang sesebuah penyelidikan sains. CO2: Berupaya menyampaikan hasil penyelidikan melalui pembentangan dan penerbitan

secara berkesan. CO3: Memahami falsafah dan etika dalam menjalankan penyelidikan. CO4: Memahami peranan penyelidik dan kepentingan penyelidikan. CO5: Berupaya menyediakan disertasi sesuai dengan format yang ditetapkan. CO6: Menyedari tentang aspek perundangan dan pengkomersilan hasil penyelidikan.

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PUSAT PENGAJIAN BIOSAINS DAN BIOTEKNOLOGI


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PUSAT PENGAJIAN BIOSAINS DAN BIOTEKNOLOGI

Pengenalan Program pengajian siswazah Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi hanya ditawarkan

secara tesis sahaja. Program ini menekankan penerokaan dan penghayatan keindahan dan kecanggihan alam hidupan dengan pendekatan mutakhir dan memfokus kepada

pembangunan sains, teknologi dan industri negara. Beberapa kursus sokongan ditawarkan

dalam program ini bagi memberi asas dan perspektif yang kukuh dan luas dalam bidang biosains terutamanya yang berkaitan dengan projek penyelidikan yang dipilih.

Bidang Penyelidikan dan Ijazah yang Ditawarkan Penyelidikan di Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi adalah terfokus dalam bidang-

bidang utama biosains. Di antaranya termasuklah: Struktur dan Fungsi Gen, Genomik dan

Bioinformatik, Biokimia, Biologi Molekul, Sains Haiwan, Biologi Struktur, Bioteknologi

Tumbuhan, Interaksi Mikrob-perumah, Bioteknologi Persekitaran, Biologi Perkembangan, Transduksi Isyarat, Biologi Sebatian Semulajadi, Biologi Sel Mamalia dan Teknologi

Fermentasi. Setiap bidang penyelidikan menjana pengetahuan dan teknologi baru yang

disasarkan kepada pembangunan bioteknologi negara. Ijazah yang dikurniakan adalah seperti berikut: Doktor Falsafah (Biokimia) Doktor Falsafah (Botani) Doktor Falsafah (Genetik) Doktor Falsafah (Mikrobiologi) Doktor Falsafah (Zoologi) Sarjana Sains (Biokimia) Sarjana Sains (Biologi Molekul) Sarjana Sains (Bioteknologi Tumbuhan) Sarjana Sains (Mikrobiologi) Sarjana Sains (Sains Haiwan) Sarjana Sains (Sains Tumbuhan)

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang memohon untuk mengikuti Program Pengajian Siswazah mestilah mempunyai

kelayakan seperti berikut: Program Doktor Falsafah a) Ijazah Sarjana Sains dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti

lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjana Sains dan mempunyai kelayakan lain

atau pengalaman yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau


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c) Sedang mengikuti program Sarjana Sains di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dan

diperakukan oleh Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah Fakulti berkenaan untuk menukar

status kepada Program Doktor Falsafah dengan kelulusan Senat; atau d) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains atau kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda

Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) sekurang-kurangnya

3.67 dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang

diiktiraf oleh Senat. Program Sarjana Sains a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan memperoleh Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK)

yang baik daripada Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

b) Ijazah Doktor Perubatan dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana

institusi pengajian tinggi atau ijazah yang setara dengannya dari mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

c) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dan mempunyai

kelayakan lain atau pengalaman yang diiktiraf oleh Senat. Struktur Program Doktor Falsafah Setiap pelajar dikehendaki mendaftar kursus STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan dan Projek Penyelidikan pada setiap semester. Pelajar perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan

penyelia atau jawatankuasa penyelia tidak kurang daripada 40 jam pertemuan setiap

semester bagi pelajar sepenuh masa dan 20 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar separuh masa. Sebuah tesis perlu dihasilkan di akhir program. Sarjana Sains Program Sarjana Sains Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi hanya ditawarkan

secara tesis. Setiap calon yang mengikuti program dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus 12 jam

kredit kursus. Calon juga perlu mendaftar untuk Projek Penyelidikan pada setiap semester

akademik dan sebuah tesis perlu dihasilkan di akhir program.

Keperluan 12 jam kredit kursus ini terdiri daripada 8 jam kredit kursus wajib dan 4

jam kredit kursus pilihan. Kursus wajib teras terdiri daripada kursus STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan yang ditawarkan oleh fakulti dan kursus lain yang ditawarkan oleh pusat

pengajian. Calon boleh memilih mana-mana kursus pilihan yang ditawarkan oleh pusat

pengajian.

Pelajar perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan penyelia atau jawatankuasa penyelia tidak kurang daripada 26 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar sepenuh

masa dan 13 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar separuh masa.


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PROGRAM DOKTOR FALSAFAH (BIOKIMIA) Program Doktor Falsafah (Biokimia) perlu diwujudkan sebagai wadah pengkajian,

pembelajaran dan kemahiran dalam bidang biokimia. Program ini diperlukan untuk

menyokong dan memenuhi permintaan tenaga kerja di pihak awam dan swasta dalam bidang sains terutamanya dalam bioteknologi, yang merupakan salah satu agenda utama

negara. OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan beraptitud intelek yang cemerlang

dalam bidang biokimia. OPP2: Menerap ilmu biokimia dalam pembangunan kerjaya. OPP3: Menggunakan pengetahuan biokimia untuk memimpin dan menyumbang

terhadap kemajuan bidang bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat. OPP4: Membangunkan keupayaan berfikir secara kreatif dan kritikal untuk

pengembangan ilmu. OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu biokimia dalam kerangka ilmu

yang lebih luas. OPP6: Memantapkan kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan

antarabangsa. HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berupaya menyumbang terhadap pengungkapan konsep-konsep biokimia,

biologi molekul dan bidang berkaitan untuk pembangunan masyarakat dan industri.

HPP2: Berupaya mengaplikasi keilmuan dan kepakaran untuk membuat keputusan dan

menyelesaikan masalah. HPP3: Berkemahiran tinggi dalam mereka bentuk eksperimen, menganalisis,

interpretasi dan integrasi data. HPP4: Mempunyai kemahiran berkomunikasi secara saintifik dan berkebolehan untuk

berkerja secara berpasukan.


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HPP5: Berupaya mencari, memperoleh dan menggunakan maklumat kepustakaan sains

serta mempunyai kemahiran untuk pembelajaran berterusan. HPP6: Mempunyai kesedaran mengenai isu etika dan isu semasa dalam bidang

biokimia dan bidang sains berkaitan. HPP7: Berkemampuan mewujudkan kesedaran isu keselamatan produk dan prosedur

yang berisiko terhadap kesihatan awam dan persekitaran. HPP8: Bersedia dan mampu memasyarakatkan ilmu dan kepakaran

PROGRAM DOKTOR FALSAFAH (BOTANI) Program ini diwujudkan demi menjadi wadah pengkajian dan pembelajaran dalam bidang

botani. Selain itu, ia juga untuk memenuhi permintaan tenaga kerja dalam bidang yang

berkaitan baik di pihak awam mahu pun swasta. OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan botani

yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini. OPP2: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang kompeten dalam kemahiran insaniah. OPP3: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mempunyai kesedaran terhadap persekitaran. OPP4: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang berupaya menyumbang kepada pelbagai

disiplin untuk memacu pembangunan negara dan sejagat. OPP5: Melatih kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan

antarabangsa. HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains botani terkini yang juga menyumbang kepada pelbagai

disiplin yang lain. HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam sains botani dan mampu

mengenal pasti dan menyelesaikan masalah HPP3: Berupaya menggunakan dan menyebar ilmu sains botani dengan berkesan. HPP4: Kompeten untuk menjalankan penyelidikan dan pembangunan dalam bidang

sains botani serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan inovasi yang tinggi. HPP5: Menghayati nilai-nilai moral, etika, profesionalisme dan prihatin terhadap

persekitaran. HPP6: Mempunyai kemampuan berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi dengan berkesan. HPP7: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawan dan kepimpinan yang berkesan. HPP8: Kesanggupan untuk meneroka dan menambah ilmu secara berterusan. HPP9: Mempunyai keyakinan dan jati diri yang tinggi serta bersifat terbuka.


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PROGRAM DOKTOR FALSAFAH (GENETIK) Program Doktor Falsafah (Genetik) diwujudkan sebagai wadah pengkajian, pembelajaran

dan kemahiran dalam bidang genetik. Program ini diperlukan untuk menyokong dan

memenuhi permintaan tenaga kerja di pihak awam dan swasta dalam bidang sains terutamanya dalam bidang bioteknologi yang merupakan salah satu agenda utama negara.

OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP)

OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan beraptitud intelek yang cemerlang

dalam bidang genetik. OPP2: Menerap ilmu genetik dalam pembangunan kerjaya. OPP3: Menggunakan pengetahuan genetik untuk memimpin dan menyumbang terhadap

kemajuan bidang bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat. OPP4: Membangunkan keupayaan berfikir secara kreatif dan kritikal untuk

pengembangan ilmu. OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu genetik dalam kerangka ilmu yang

lebih luas. OPP6: Memantapkan kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan

antarabangsa. HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berupaya menyumbang terhadap pengungkapan konsep-konsep genetik dan

bidang berkaitan untuk pembangunan masyarakat dan industri. HPP2: Berupaya mengaplikasi keilmuan dan kepakaran untuk membuat keputusan dan



berkerja secara berpasukan. HPP5: Berupaya mencari, memperoleh dan menggunakan maklumat kepustakaan sains

serta mempunyai kemahiran untuk pembelajaran berterusan. HPP6: Mempunyai kesedaran mengenai isu etika dan isu semasa dalam bidang genetik

dan bidang sains berkaitan. HPP7: Berkemampuan mewujudkan kesedaran isu keselamatan produk dan prosedur

yang berisiko terhadap kesihatan awam dan persekitaran HPP8: Bersedia dan mampu memasyarakatkan ilmu dan kepakaran.


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PROGRAM DOKTOR FALSAFAH (MIKROBIOLOGI) Program Doktor Falsafah (Mikrobiologi) diwujudkan sebagai wadah pengkajian,

pembelajaran dan kemahiran dalam bidang mikrobiologi. Program ini diperlukan untuk

menyokong dan memenuhi permintaan tenaga kerja di pihak awam dan swasta dalam bidang sains terutamanya dalam bidang bioteknologi yang merupakan salah satu agenda

utama negara. OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP)


dalam bidang mikrobiologi. OPP2: Menerap ilmu mikrobiologi dalam pembangunan kerjaya. OPP3: Menggunakan pengetahuan mikrobiologi untuk memimpin dan menyumbang

terhadap kemajuan bidang bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat. OPP4: Membangunkan keupayaan berfikir secara kreatif dan kritikal untuk

pengembangan ilmu. OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu mikrobiologi dalam kerangka

ilmu yang lebih luas. OPP6: Memantapkan kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan

antarabangsa.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berupaya menyumbang terhadap pengungkapan konsep-konsep mikrobiologi,

biologi molekul dan bidang berkaitan untuk pembangunan masyarakat dan industri.





serta mempunyai kemahiran untuk pembelajaran berterusan. HPP6: Mempunyai kesedaran mengenai isu etika dan isu semasa dalam bidang

mikrobiologi dan bidang sains berkaitan. HPP7: Berkemampuan mewujudkan kesedaran isu keselamatan produk dan prosedur

yang berisiko terhadap kesihatan awam dan persekitaran. HPP8: Bersedia dan mampu memasyarakatkan ilmu dan kepakaran.


55

PROGRAM DOKTOR FALSAFAH (ZOOLOGI)

Program Doktor Falsafah (Zoologi) diwujudkan sebagai wadah pengkajian, pembelajaran

dan kemahiran dalam bidang zoologi. Program ini diperlukan untuk menyokong dan

memenuhi permintaan tenaga kerja di pihak awam dan swasta dalam bidang sains terutamanya bioteknologi iaitu salah satu agenda utama negara. OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan beraptitud intelek yang cemerlang

dalam bidang zoologi. OPP2: Menerap ilmu zoologi dalam pembangunan kerjaya. OPP3: Menggunakan pengetahuan zoologi untuk memimpin dan menyumbang terhadap

kemajuan bidang bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat. OPP4: Membangunkan keupayaan berfikir secara kreatif dan kritikal untuk

pengembangan ilmu. OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu zoologi dalam kerangka ilmu yang

lebih luas. OPP6: Memantapkan kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan

antarabangsa. HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berupaya menyumbang terhadap pengungkapan konsep-konsep zoologi, dan





serta mempunyai kemahiran untuk pembelajaran berterusan. HPP6: Mempunyai kesedaran mengenai isu etika dan isu semasa dalam bidang zoologi

dan bidang sains berkaitan. HPP7: Berkemampuan mewujudkan kesedaran isu keselamatan produk dan prosedur

yang berisiko terhadap kesihatan awam dan persekitaran. HPP8: Bersedia dan mampu memasyarakatkan ilmu dan kepakaran.


56

PROGRAM SARJANA SAINS (BIOKIMIA) Program pengajian Sarjana Sains (Biokimia), Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi

hanya ditawarkan secara tesis sahaja. Program ini menekankan penerokaan dan

penghayatan keindahan dan kecanggihan alam hidupan kimia dengan pendekatan mutakhir

dan memfokus kepada pembangunan sains, teknologi dan industri negara. Beberapa kursus sokongan ditawarkan dalam program ini untuk memberi asas dan perspektif yang kukuh

dan luas dalam bidang biosains terutamanya yang berkaitan dengan projek penyelidikan

yang dipilih. Setiap bidang penyelidikan menjana pengetahuan dan teknologi baru yang disasarkan kepada pembangunan bioteknologi moden. OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Menerap pengetahuan dan pemahaman berkaitan biokimia pada peringkat

sarjana dan kesannya terhadap hidupan. OPP2: Menerap ilmu biokimia dalam pembangunan kerjaya.

OPP3: Menggunakan pengetahuan biokimia dalam penyelidikan, pemuliharaan alam

sekitar dan pembangunan masyarakat. OPP4: Membangunkan keupayaan berfikir secara kreatif dan kritikal untuk

pengembangan ilmu.

OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu biokimia dalam kerangka ilmu yang lebih luas.

OPP6: Melatih kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan

antarabangsa.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berkeupayaan memahami konsep ilmu lanjutan dalam biokimia, biologi molekul

dan bidang yang berkaitan dengan biosains molekul. HPP2: Berkeupayaan menggunakan kemahiran amali biokimia, biologi molekul dan

bidang biosains molekul berkaitan. HPP3: Berkemampuan mereka bentuk eksperimen, menganalisis dan interpretasi data

secara kritis. HPP4: Mempunyai kemahiran berkomunikasi secara saintifik dan berkebolehan untuk

berkerja secara berpasukan. HPP5: Berupaya menggunakan ilmu saintifik berkaitan untuk pembelajaran berterusan. HPP6: Mempunyai kesedaran mengenai isu etika dan isu semasa dalam bidang berkaitan. HPP7: Berkemampuan mewujudkan kesedaran keselamatan terhadap produk dan

prosedur yang berisiko kepada kesihatan awam dan persekitaran. HPP8: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawanan dan pengurusan dalam bidang berkaitan.


57

PROGRAM SARJANA SAINS (BIOLOGI MOLEKUL) Program pengajian Sarjana Sains (Biologi Molekul), Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan

Bioteknologi hanya ditawarkan secara tesis sahaja. Program ini menekankan penerokaan

dan penghayatan keindahan dan kecanggihan alam molekul hidupan dengan pendekatan

mutakhir dan memfokus kepada pembangunan sains, teknologi dan industri negara. Beberapa kursus sokongan ditawarkan dalam program ini untuk memberi asas dan

perspektif yang kukuh dan luas dalam bidang biosains terutamanya yang berkaitan dengan

projek penyelidikan yang dipilih. Setiap bidang penyelidikan menjana pengetahuan dan teknologi baru yang disasarkan kepada pembangunan bioteknologi moden. OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Menerap pengetahuan dan pemahaman berkaitan biologi molekul pada peringkat

sarjana dan kesannya terhadap hidupan. OPP2: Menerap ilmu biologi molekul dalam pembangunan kerjaya. OPP3: Menggunakan pengetahuan biologi molekul dalam penyelidikan, pemuliharaan

alam sekitar dan pembangunan masyarakat. OPP4: Membangunkan keupayaan berfikir secara kreatif dan kritikal untuk

pengembangan ilmu. OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu biologi molekul dalam kerangka

ilmu yang lebih luas. OPP6: Melatih kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan antarabangsa.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berkeupayaan memahami konsep ilmu lanjutan dalam bioteknologi moden,

biologi molekul dan bidang yang berkaitan dengan biosains molekul. HPP2: Berkeupayaan menggunakan kemahiran amali bioteknologi moden, biologi

molekul dan bidang biosains molekul berkaitan. HPP3: Berkemampuan mereka bentuk eksperimen, menganalisis dan interpretasi data





58

PROGRAM SARJANA SAINS (BIOTEKNOLOGI TUMBUHAN) Program pengajian Sarjana Sains Bioteknologi Tumbuhan Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan


dan penghayatan keindahan dan kecanggihan alam tumbuhan dengan pendekatan mutakhir dan memfokus kepada pembangunan sains, teknologi dan industri negara. Beberapa kursus

sokongan diberikan dalam program ini untuk memberi asas dan perspektif yang kukuh dan

luas dalam bidang biosains terutamanya yang berkaitan dengan projek penyelidikan yang

dipilih. Setiap bidang penyelidikan menjana pengetahuan dan teknologi baru yang disasarkan kepada pembangunan bioteknologi moden. OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Menerap pengetahuan dan pemahaman berkaitan bioteknologi tumbuhan pada

peringkat sarjana dan kesannya terhadap hidupan. OPP2: Menerap ilmu bioteknologi tumbuhan dalam pembangunan kerjaya. OPP3 : Menggunakan pengetahuan bioteknologi tumbuhan dalam penyelidikan,

pemuliharaan alam sekitar dan pembangunan masyarakat. OPP4: Membangunkan keupayaan berfikir secara kreatif dan kritikal untuk

pengembangan ilmu. OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu bioteknologi tumbuhan dalam

kerangka ilmu yang lebih luas. OPP6: Melatih kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan antarabangsa.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berupaya memahami konsep ilmu lanjutan dalam bidang sains tumbuhan serta

kepentingannya dalam produk berasaskan tumbuhan. HPP2: Berupaya untuk memindahkan prinsip dan hasil daripada sains asas dan gunaan

bidang bioteknologi tumbuhan untuk perkembangan idea. HPP3: Berupaya merekabentuk eksperimen, menganalisis dan interpretasi data secara

kritis. HPP4: Berupaya berkomunikasi secara saintifik dan berkebolehan untuk berkerja secara

berpasukan. HPP5: Berupaya menganalisis dan memahami pengetahuan sedia ada dan membina

hipotesis melaluinya dan menilai kegunaannya dalam konteks sesuatu masalah

yang diberikan. HPP6: Berupaya memahami kesedaran mengenai isu etika dan isu semasa dalam bidang

bioteknologi tumbuhan. HPP7: Berupaya mewujudkan kesedaran keselamatan terhadap produk dan prosedur yang

berisiko kepada kesihatan awam dan persekitaran. HPP8: Berupaya memahami kemahiran keusahawanan dan pengurusan dalam

bioteknologi tumbuhan.


59

PROGRAM SARJANA SAINS (MIKROBIOLOGI) Program pengajian Sarjana Sains (Mirobiologi), Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan


dan penghayatan keindahan dan kecanggihan alam mikroorganisma melalui pendekatan

mutakhir dan memfokus kepada pembangunan sains, teknologi dan industri negara. Beberapa kursus sokongan diberikan dalam program ini untuk memberi asas dan perspektif

yang kukuh dan luas dalam bidang biosains terutamanya yang berkaitan dengan projek

penyelidikan yang dipilih. Setiap bidang penyelidikan menjana pengetahuan dan teknologi baru yang disasarkan kepada pembangunan bioteknologi moden. OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Menerap pengetahuan dan pemahaman berkaitan mikrobiologi pada peringkat

sarjana dan kesannya terhadap hidupan. OPP2: Menerap ilmu mikrobiologi dalam pembangunan kerjaya. OPP3: Menggunakan pengetahuan mikrobiologi dalam penyelidikan, pemuliharaan alam


pengembangan ilmu. OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu mikrobiologi dalam kerangka ilmu

yang lebih luas. OPP6: Memantapkan kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan antarabangsa.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berkeupayaan memahami konsep ilmu lanjutan dalam mikrobiologi, biologi

molekul dan bidang yang berkaitan dengan biosains molekul. HPP2: Berkeupayaan menggunakan kemahiran amali mikrobiologi, biologi molekul dan






60

PROGRAM SARJANA SAINS (SAINS HAIWAN) Program pengajian Sarjana Sains (Sains Haiwan), Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan


dan penghayatan berkaitan sains kehidupan haiwan di bawah kawalan manusia untuk

pengembangan ilmu mengikut nilai-nilai setempat dan memfokus kepada pembangunan sains, teknologi dan industri negara. Beberapa kursus sokongan diberikan dalam program

untuk memberi asas dan perspektif yang kukuh dan luas dalam bidang biosains

terutamanya yang berkaitan dengan projek penyelidikan yang dipilih. Setiap bidang penyelidikan menjana pengetahuan dan teknologi baru yang disasarkan kepada

pembangunan bioteknologi moden.


OPP1: Menerap pengetahuan dan pemahaman berkaitan sains haiwan pada peringkat

sarjana dan kesannya terhadap hidupan. OPP2: Menerap ilmu berkaitan sains haiwan dalam pembangunan kerjaya. OPP3: Menggunakan pengetahuan sains haiwan dalam penyelidikan, pemuliharaan alam


pengembangan ilmu. OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu sains haiwan dalam kerangka ilmu

yang lebih luas. OPP6: Memantapkan kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan

antarabangsa.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berkeupayaan memahami konsep ilmu lanjutan dalam sains haiwan, biologi

molekul dan bidang yang berkaitan dengan biosains molekul. HPP2: Berkeupayaan menggunakan kemahiran amali sains haiwan, biologi molekul dan




prosedur yang berisiko kepada kesihatan awam dan persekitaran HPP8: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawanan dan pengurusan dalam bidang berkaitan.


61

PROGRAM SARJANA SAINS (SAINS TUMBUHAN) Program pengajian Sarjana Sains (Sains Tumbuhan), Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan


dan penghayatan keindahan dan kecanggihan alam tumbuhan melalui pendekatan

mutakhir dan memfokus kepada pembangunan sains, teknologi dan industri negara. Beberapa kursus sokongan diberikan dalam program ini untuk memberi asas dan perspektif

yang kukuh dan luas dalam bidang biosains terutamanya yang berkaitan dengan projek

penyelidikan yang dipilih. Setiap bidang penyelidikan menjana pengetahuan dan teknologi baru yang disasarkan kepada pembangunan bioteknologi moden.

OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Menerap pengetahuan dan pemahaman kritikal mengenai sains tumbuhan pada

peringkat sarjana dan kesannya terhadap hidupan. OPP2: Menerap ilmu sains tumbuhan dalam pembangunan kerjaya. OPP3: Menggunakan pengetahuan sains tumbuhan dalam penyelidikan, pemuliharaan

alam sekitar dan pembangunan masyarakat. OPP4: Membangunkan keupayaan berfikir secara kreatif dan kritikal untuk

pengembangan ilmu. OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu sains tumbuhan dalam kerangka

ilmu yang lebih luas. OPP6: Memantapkan kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan

antarabangsa. HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berkeupayaan memahami konsep ilmu lanjutan dalam sains tumbuhan dan bidang

yang berkaitan dengan biosains molekul. HPP2: Berkeupayaan menggunakan kemahiran amali sains tumbuhan dan bidang biosains

molekul berkaitan. HPP3: Berkemampuan mereka bentuk eksperimen, menganalisis dan interpretasi data





62

Kursus Wajib yang perlu diambil adalah seperti berikut:-

KURSUS WAJIB KURSUS PILIHAN JUMLAH

STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan STBP6244 Perkembangan Terkini

Biologi Sel dan

Molekul

atau

STBP6254 Pengurusan

Bioteknologi

STBP6262 Bioinformatik STBP6342 Teknologi Bioproses

STBP6352 Filogeni Molekul

STBP6362 Pengisyaratan dan Pengawalaturan

Perkembangan Sel

STBP6442 Biologi Sel Kanser STBP6452 Mekanisme Molekul

Kepatogenan

STBP6662 Topik dan Inovasi

Terkini dalam Sains Tumbuhan

8 4 12

Kursus Yang Ditawarkan STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan STBP6244 Perkembangan Terkini Biologi Sel dan Molekul STBP6254 Pengurusan Bioteknologi STBP6262 Bioinformatik STBP6342 Teknologi Bioproses STBP6352 Filogeni Molekul STBP6362 Pengisyaratan dan Pengawalaturan Perkembangan Sel STBP6442 Biologi Sel Kanser STBP6452 Mekanisme Molekul Kepatogenan STBP6662 Topik dan Inovasi Terkini dalam Sains Tumbuhan

Kandungan Kursus STBP6244 Perkembangan Terkini Biologi Sel dan Molekul Sel dan biologi molekul merupakan satu bidang yang memberi penekanan terhadap fungsi

sel pada peringkat sel dan molekul dan bagaimana sel mengawal pengekspresan gen. Kursus direkabentuk untuk memberikan satu forum yang membincangkan isu terkini dan

perkembangan teknologi di dalam bidang sel dan biologi molekul. Aplikasi penggunaan

teknologi terkini bagi memahami perkembangan penyakit, menganalisis peranan molekul

dalam mengaruh sifat sel, memahami interaksi hos-patogen serta penghasilan produk terapeutik akan dibincang. Tajuk terpilih termasuklah projek genom dan proteom manusia,

pendekatan terkini dalam penemuan biopenanda dan produk terapeutik menggunakan


63

beberapa model penyakit. Perkembangan saintifik yang memberi kesan terhadap

perkembangan sosial, ekonomi dan alam sekitar juga diberi penekanan. Bacaan Asas Bernot, A. 2007. Genome, Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis. Chichester: John Wiley

& Sons Gellissen, G. (Ed.) 2005. Production of Recombinant Proteins: Novel Microbial and

Eukaryotic Expression Systems. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Holland, S., Lebacqz, K. & Zoloth, L. 2001. The Human Embryonic Stem Cell Debate:

Science, Ethic and Public Policy. Massachussetts: MIT Press. Janitz, M. (Ed.). 2008. Next-generation Genome Sequencing: Towards Personalized

Medicine. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Pennington, S. & Dunn, M.J. (Ed.). 2001. Proteomics: From Protein Sequence to

Function. Amsterdam: Springer Verlag. STBP6254 Pengurusan Bioteknologi Kursus membincangkan topik penting berkaitan dengan industri bioteknologi di Malaysia.

Di peringkat awal pelajar akan diberi pemahaman tentang konsep dan polisi bioteknologi

kebangsaan dalam menjana ekonomi negara. Struktur organisasi dan mekanisme dalam mengembangkan bidang bioteknologi akan dibincang secara meluas. Selain daripada itu,

aspek perniagaan dan pengurusan organisasi bioteknologi juga akan diperjelas. Pelajar juga

akan diberi pendedahan tentang hakcipta intelek dan pengurusan teknologi bagi penghasilan produk bioteknologi. Penggunaan kaedah penghasilan produk yang baik

dalam pembuatan produk bioteknologi dan farmaseutik akan dibincang. Kaedah untuk

memula, mengurus dan memantapkan syarikat bioteknologi akan dibincang berdasarkan pembangunan perniagaan, keusahawanan, kerjaya, pelaburan, sains, paten dan peraturan

yang ada. Kursus ini juga akan membincangkan tentang proses pengkorporatan bersama,

aspek perundangan dan polisi korporat mengenai sistem kewangan dan pembangunan

produk bioteknologi. Bacaan Asas Austin, M. 2008. Business Development For The Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical

Industry. London: Gower Publishing Limited. Chiesa, V. & Chiaroni, D. 2005. Industrial Clusters in Biotechnology: Driving Forces,

Development Processes and Management Practices. London: Imperial College Press. Cohen, J.I. 2000. Managing Agricultural Biotechnology: Addressing Research Program

Needs and Policy Implications (Biotechnology in Agricultural Series, No.23). New

York: CAB International. Friedman, Y. 2006. Building Biotechnology: Starting, Managing, and Understanding

Biotechnology Companies - Business Development, Entrepreneurship, Careers, Investing, Science, Patents and Regulations. Washington: Logos Press.

Friedman, Y. 2008. Best Practices in Biotechnology Business Development: Valuation,

Licensing, Cash Flow, Pharmacoeconomics, Market Selection, Communication, and Intellectual Property. Washington: Logos Press.


64

STBP6262 Bioinformatik Kursus bertujuan untuk memperkenakan pelajar cara mendapat data dari arkib genom dan

protein, alatan yang telah dibangun untuk analisis data dari pangkalan data dan cara menafsir hasil daripada analisis bioinformatik. Pelajar perlu mempunyai pengetahuan

dalam biologi molekul dan berkemampuan mengendalikan penggunaan komputer. Kursus

ini juga akan melatih pelajar untuk menjalankan analisis bioinformatik. Bacaan Asas Baxevanis, A.D. & Ouellette, B.F.F. 2005. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide To The

Analysis of Genes and Proteins. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, Brown, T.A. 2002. Genomes. 2nd. Ed. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books. Higgs, P.G. & Attwood, T.K. 2005. Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution. Oxford:

Blackwell Science. Lesk, A.M. 2008. Introduction to Bioinformatics. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. Nei, M. & Kumar, S. 2000. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford: Oxford

University Press. STBP6342 Teknologi Bioproses Kursus membincang tentang pengkulturan mikrob dalam penghasilan produk berasaskan

bioteknologi. Ia menggabungkan unsur-unsur daripada bidang mikrobiologi, biokimia dan

kejuruteraan proses. Kursus ini merangkumi aspek huluan, penghasilan, hiliran dan impak alam sekitar. Dengan itu, ia melibatkan penelitian pembangunan dan kecekapan sel

inokulum, formulasi medium, reka bentuk bioreaktor dan sistem operasi, ragam operasi,

sistem kawalan, kinetik dan analisis kuantitatif pembiakan, peningkatan skala, rekabentuk loji proses, biopemisahan, rawatan sisa dan air buangan, dan ekonomi proses. Penekanan

kepada pendekatan dan teknologi untuk keberkesanan proses seperti kultur berketumpatan

tinggi, penghasilan produk dan protein rekombinan. Bacaan Asas El-Mansi, E.M.T., Bryce, C.F.A., Demain, A.L. & Allman, A.R. 2011. Fermentation

Microbiology and Biotechnology. Florida: CRC Press. Harrison, R.G., Todd, P.W., Rudge, S.R., & Petridges, D. 2003. Bioseparations Science

and engineering. New York: Oxford University Press McNeil, B. & Harvey, L. 2008. Practical Fermentation Technology. Chichester: John

Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mitchell, D.A., Krieger, N. & Berovic, M. 2006. Solid-state Fermentation Bioreactors:

Fundamentals of Design and Operation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. Seader, J.D. & Henley, E.J. 2011. Separation Process Principles. 2nd. Ed. New York: John

Wiley. STBP6352 Filogeni Molekul Kursus akan membincangkan konsep dalam analisis filogeni yang berasaskan data molekul

dengan merujuk kepada contoh tertentu dan perbandingan dengan pendekatan terdahulu.


65

Penekanan adalah kepada kaedah molekul terkini. Pelajar juga berpeluang mengguna

beberapa perisian komputer bagi tujuan penganalisisan. Bacaan Asas Baxevanis, A. D. & Ouellette, B. F. F. 2005. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide To The

Analysis of Genes and Proteins. 3rd

Ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons,

Inc. Higgs, P. G. & Attwood, T. K. 2005. Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution. Oxford:

Blackwell Science. Keller, E. F. 2002. The Century of the Gene. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Lesk, A. M. 2008. Introduction to Genomics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nei, M. & Kumar, S. 2000. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford: Oxford

University Press. STBP6362 Pengisyaratan dan Pengawalaturan Perkembangan Sel Kursus membincang beberapa proses pengisyaratan sel dan fungsi dalam sistem biologi.

Tapak jalan dalam pelbagai pengisyaratan sel akan dibincangkan. Beberapa proses

pengisyaratan yang dibincang adalah penglibatan protein-G sebagai protein pemindah

maklumat, reseptor sebagai penerima maklumat serta pembawa maklumat kedua. Tapak jalan pengisyaratan yang berkaitan dengan proses perkembangan sel akan diperjelas.

Pelbagai faktor pertumbuhan, pengaturan transkripsi gen dan penglibatan dalam kitar sel

juga dibincang. Bacaan Asas Alberts B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K. & Walter, P. 2007. Molecular

Biology of the Cell. 5h.

Ed. New York: Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group. Carraway, K.L. & Carraway, C.A.C. (Ed.) 2000. Cytoskeleton: Signaling and Cell

Regulation: Practical Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Karp, G. 2009. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts And Experiments. 6

th Ed. New

Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Krauss G. 2013. Biochemistry of Signal Transduction & Regulation. 5

th. Ed. Weinheim:

Wiley-VCH. Lewin, B., Krebs J.E., Kilpatrick, S.T. & Goldstein, E.S. 2011. Lewin’s Gene X.

Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett. STBP6442 Biologi Sel Kanser Dalam kursus ini perbincangan asas tentang kawalan kitar sel dan biologi molekul

mengenai struktur dan fungsi intrasel akan diliputi sebagai pengenalan. Perbincangan akan

difokuskan terhadap peranan genetik, sitogenetik, imunologi serta pengaruh hormon,

karsinogen daripada persekitaran, agen-agen jangkitan dan gangguan terhadap sistem transduksi isyarat yang menyebabkan transformasi sel normal kepada sel kanser. Onkogen,

antionkogen dan gen penindas tumor akan juga diliputi dalam kursus ini. Perubahan-

perubahan pada sel daripada neoplasia dan akhirnya kepada tumorigenesis akan dijelaskan. Kemalignanan melalui beberapa mekanisma molekul metastasis dan angiogenesis serta

mod tindakan beberapa agen antikanser akan dibincangkan.


66

Bacaan Asas Baider, L., Cooper, C. L. & De-Nour, A.P. 2000. Cancer and the Family. 2nd. Ed.

Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. King, R. J. B. & Mike, W. 2006. Cancer Biology. 3rd. Ed. Harlow: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Mendelsohn, J., Howley, P.M, Israel, M.A, Gray J.W. & Thompson, C.B. 2015. The

Molecular Basis of Cancer. 4th Ed. Philadelphia: W. B.

Metcalf, T. & Metcalf, G. 2008. Cancer and Nutrition: Prevention and Treatment. Detroit:

Thomson / Gale. Missailidis, S. 2007. The Cancer Clock. Chichester : John Wiley & Sons. STBP6452 Mekanisme Molekul Kepatogenan Kursus membincang beberapa mekanisme kepatogenan yang memenuhi keperluan mikrob

untuk menyebabkan penyakit. Antara keperluan ini termasuk perlekatan ke permukaan perumah, kemasukan ke dalam tisu, penggandaan dalam perumah, gangguan mekanisme

pertahanan perumah dan kerosakan kepada perumah. Mekanisme kepatogenan patogen

seperti virus, bakteria, protozoa atau kulat akan dibincangkan melalui contoh-contoh

tindakan faktor kevirulenan patogen. Perbincangan juga meliputi mekanisma bagaimana faktor ini bertindak dalam patogenesis penyakit. Bacaan Asas Acheson, A.H. 2011. Fundamentals of Molecular Virology. New Jersey: John Wiley &

Sons. Brogden, K.A., Roth, J.A. & Stanton, T.B. 2000. Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial

Pathogens. Washington D.C: ASM Press. Groisman, E. 2001. Principles of Bacterial Pathogenesis. London: Academic Press. Heitman, J., Filler, S.C., Edwards, J.E. & Mitchell, A.P. 2006. Molecular Principles of

Fungal Pathogenesis. Washington: ASM Press. Mims, C.A., Nash, A. & Stephen, J. 2001. Mims' Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease. 5

th

Ed. London: Academic Press. STBP6662 Topik dan Inovasi Terkini dalam Sains Tumbuhan Kursus membincang topik terpilih dan terkini dalam bidang sains tumbuhan. Penekanan diberi kepada perkembangan, organisasi genom dan proses di peringkat sel seperti

transduksi isyarat, senesen dan tindak balas terhadap kepayahan biotik dan abiotik.

Perbincangan juga merangkumi beberapa teknologi penting yang digunapakai dalam kajian sains tumbuhan. Aspek biokeselamatan dan bioetika dalam penyelidikan juga turut

dibincang. Bacaan Asas Bassett, C.L. 2007. Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants: The Role of Transcript

Structure and Processing. New York: Springer. Buchanan, B. B., Gruissem, W. & Jones R.L. 2000. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

of Plant. Maryland: American Society of Plant Physiologist.


67

Inze, D. 2007. Cell Cycle Control and Plant Development (Annual Plant Reviews).

London: Blackwell Publishing Limited. Trigiano, R.N. & Gray, D.J. 2007. Plant Development and Biotechnology. Florida: CRC

Press LLC Varshney, R.K & Koebner, R.M.D. 2007. Model Plants and Crops Improvement. Florida:

CRC Press LLC.


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PUSAT PENGAJIAN FIZIK GUNAAN


69

PUSAT PENGAJIAN FIZIK GUNAAN

Pengenalan Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan (PPFG) berusaha mempelopori penyelidikan dan

pembangunan (R&D) dalam bidang-bidang tujahan yang terpilih dan menawarkan pogram pengajian lanjutan di peringkat Sarjana dan Doktor Falsafah. Ilmu fizik adalah asas

kepada teknologi moden. Program pengajian siswazah peringkat Doktor Falsafah

ditawarkan melalui tesis sementara peringkat Sarjana ditawarkan melalui tesis dan kerja kursus. Program Sarjana melalui tesis disokong dengan beberapa kerja kursus bagi

menyediakan asas yang kukuh kepada calon sebelum menjalankan penyelidikan. Program

Sarjana dengan kerja kursus pula akan mewajibkan calon menjalankan satu projek

penyelidikan yang terfokus. Program Pengajian lanjutan di peringkat sarjana (kerja kursus) dijalankan secara sepenuh masa.

Bidang Penyelidikan dan Ijazah yang Ditawarkan Pusat Pengajian menawarkan penyelidikan dalam bidang Fizik Angkasa, Filem Nipis,

Fizik Matematik, Pendidikan Fizik, Fizik Perubatan, Perubatan Nuklear, Ionik Keadaan

Pepejal, Metalurgi Kakisan, Karbon Termaju, Bahan Komposit, Magnet, Seramik, Superkonduktor Suhu Tinggi, Nanoteknologi, Biobahan, Teknologi Bio-polimer

Komposit, Teknologi Polimer, Teknologi Pulpa dan Kertas, Tenaga Boleh diperbaharui,

Teknologi Terma Suria, Teknologi Fotovolta, Ujian Tanpa Musnah, Penilaian Impak Radiologi, NORM-Sisa Industri Tercemar, Analisis dan Rawatan Pencemaran, Permodelan

Perlindungan Sinaran, Pemprosesan Sinaran, Sintesis dan Penggunaan Nanobahan, Teknik

Serakan Sudut Kecil, Glikolipid dan Biosurfaktan, Baikpulih Tanah, Pengubahsuaian

Bahan melalui Penyinaran, Teknik Nuklear dalam kajian pencemaran alam sekitar, Dosimetri Biologi, Keselamatan dan Sekuriti Nuklear, Teknik Nuklear dalam Makanan

dan Pertanian dan Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri.

Ijazah yang dikurniakan adalah Doktor Falsafah dan Sarjana Sains seperti berikut:-

1. Doktor Falsafah

Doktor Falsafah (Fizik)

Doktor Falsafah (Sains Bahan)

Doktor Falsafah (Sains Nuklear)

Doktor Falsafah (Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri)

2. Sarjana Sains

a) Program secara tesis

Sarjana Sains (Fizik)

Sarjana Sains (Sains Bahan)

Sarjana Sains (Sains Nuklear)

b) Program secara kerja kursus


70

Sarjana Sains (Fizik Gunaan)

Sarjana Sains (Teknologi Tenaga)

Sarjana Sains (Keselamatan Sinaran dan Nuklear)

c) Program secara kerja kursus (Eksekutif)

Sarjana Sains (Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri)

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang memohon untuk mengikuti Program Pengajian Siswazah mestilah mempunyai kelayakan seperti berikut:

Program Doktor Falsafah (Fizik, Sains Bahan dan Sains Nuklear)

a) Ijazah Sarjana dari UKM atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat atau b) Kelulusan lain setara dengan Ijazah Sarjana Sains dan mempunyai kelayakan lain atau

pengalaman yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

c) Sedang mengikuti program Sarjana di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dan diperaku oleh Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah Fakulti berkenaan untuk menukar status

kepada program Doktor Falsafah dengan kelulusan Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah; atau

d) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains atau kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjanamuda

Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) sekurang-kurangnya 3.67 dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang

diiktiraf oleh Senat.

Program Doktor Falsafah (Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri)

a) Ijazah Sarjana Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri, UKM atau ijazah-ijazah pengajian

tinggi yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan Ijazah Sarjana Sains dan mempunyai kelayakan lain

atau pengalaman yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

c) Sedang mengikuti program Sarjana di UKM dan diperakui oleh Jawatankuasa

Pengajian Siswazah untuk menukar status kepada program Doktor Falsafah dengan kelulusan Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah.

Program Sarjana Sains (Fizik Gunaan) a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Fizik atau kursus yang berkaitan dengan fizik, dengan

memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred (PNGK) yang baik dari Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh senat; atau b) Kelulusan profesional/vokasional yang lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda

Fizik dan bekerja dalam bidang yang relevan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.

Program Sarjana Sains (Fizik, Teknologi Tenaga, Sains Bahan dan Sains Nuklear) a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred (PNGK) yang baik

dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf

oleh senat; atau b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda dan mempunyai kelayakan lain

atau pengalaman dan berkerja dalam bidang yang relevan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.


71

Program Sarjana Sains (Keselamatan Sinaran dan Nuklear)

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan purata nilai gred yang baik atau yang setara

dengannya yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; b) Diploma Siswazah Perlindungan Sinaran dari UKM dengan PNGK 3.0 ke atas;

c) Kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dan mempunyai

kelayakan lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.

Program Sarjana Sains (Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri) - Eksekutif

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan PNGK 2.7 dalam bidang Sains, Teknologi dan

Kejuruteraan dari UKM atau kelulusan yang setaraf dengannya yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

b) Diploma Siswazah Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri dari UKM serta memperolehi

keputusan peperiksaan dengan PNGK 3.0 ke atas

Jenis Pengajian

Doktor Falsafah

Setiap calon yang mengikuti program ini dikehendaki mendaftar kursus STPD6014

Kaedah Penyelidikan dan juga perlu mendaftar tesis setiap semester sehingga tamat pengajian. Calon perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan penyelia atau jawatankuasa

penyeliaan tidak kurang daripada 40 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar sepenuh

masa dan 20 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar separuh masa.

Sarjana Sains

Tesis Setiap calon yang mengikuti program ini dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus 10 jam kredit

kursus dan hasil penyelidikan ditulis sebagai sebuah tesis.

Keperluan 10 jam kredit kursus terdiri daripada 4 jam kredit kursus wajib dan 6 jam

kredit kursus pusat pengajian. Pelajar boleh memilih mana-mana kursus pilihan yang disediakan.

Calon perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan penyelia atau jawatankuasa penyeliaan

tidak kurang daripada 26 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar sepenuh masa dan 13 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar separuh masa.

Kerja Kursus

Calon program Sarjana Sains (Teknologi Tenaga) perlu mendaftar dan lulus 42 jam kredit kursus termasuk 8 jam kredit bagi Projek Penyelidikan. Bagi calon program Sarjana Sains

(Fizik Gunaan), calon perlu mendaftar dan lulus 40 jam kredit kursus termasuk 8 jam

kredit bagi Projek Penyelidikan. Bagi Program Sarjana Sains (Keselamatan Sinaran dan Nuklear) calon perlu mendaftar dan

lulus 44 jam kredit kursus termasuk 8 jam kredit bagi Projek Penyelidikan. Bagi calon

program Sarjana Sains (Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri) mod eksekutif, calon perlu mendaftar dan lulus 40 jam kredit kursus yang termasuk 10 jam kredit nosional bagi Projek

Penyelidikan.


72

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (FIZIK)


OPP1: Mempunyai sahsiah dan akhlak terpuji. OPP2: Berketerampilan.

OPP3: Mampu mengamalkan ilmu fizik secara saintifik.

OPP4: Profesional dan dapat memenuhi tuntutan pembangunan di zamannya.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Menguasai ilmu fizik ke tahap Doktor Falsafah.

HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang sains bahan dan mampu menggunakan

kaedah saintifik bagi mereka bentuk, mengendalikan ujikaji, menganalisis dan

mentafsir data. HPP3: Berkemampuan mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah secara kritis, kreatif

dan inovatif, khasnya dalam bidang sains fizik.

HPP4: Mampu bekerja secara individu dan berkumpulan dengan berkesan. HPP5: Mampu berkomunikasi dengan berkesan secara lisan dan tulisan dengan komuniti

saintifik dan masyarakat awam di peringkat tempatan dan antarabangsa.

HPP6: Berkebolehan mendapat, mengurus dan menggunakan maklumat terkini dengan sistematik dan berkesan.

HPP7: Mempunyai dorongan yang tinggi untuk melakukan penyelidikan dan belajar

sepanjang hayat.

HPP8: Memahami dan mengamalkan etika sains. HPP9: Memiliki pengetahuan asas keusahawanan dan pengurusan hasil penyelidikan bagi

pembangunan, pengkomersialan, kelestarian masyarakat dan alam sekitar.

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (SAINS BAHAN)


OPP1: Mempunyai sahsiah dan akhlak terpuji.

OPP2: Berketerampilan. OPP3: Mampu mengamalkan ilmu sains bahan secara saintifik.


HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP)

HPP1: Menguasai ilmu Sains Bahan ke tahap Doktor Falsafah.

HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang sains bahan dan mampu menggunakan kaedah saintifik bagi mereka bentuk, mengendalikan uji kaji, menganalisis dan

mentafsir data.


73

HPP3: Berkemampuan mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah secara kritis, kreatif

dan inovatif, khasnya dalam bidang Sains Bahan.



HPP6: Berkebolehan mendapat, mengurus dan menggunakan maklumat terkini dengan

sistematik dan berkesan. HPP7: Mempunyai dorongan yang tinggi untuk melakukan penyelidikan dan belajar

sepanjang hayat.



DOKTOR FALSAFAH (PENGURUSAN KESELAMATAN INDUSTRI)

OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan pengurusan

keselamatan industri yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.

OPP2: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang kompeten dalam kemahiran insaniah.

OPP3: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mempunyai kesedaran terhadap persekitaran. OPP4: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang berupaya menyumbang kepada pelbagai disiplin

untuk memacu pembangunan negara dan sejagat.


HPP1: Menguasai ilmu pengurusan keselamatan industri terkini yang juga boleh menyumbang kepada pelbagai disiplin yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam ilmu pengurusan keselamatan

industri dan mampu mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah.

HPP3: Berupaya mengamal dan menyebar ilmu pengurusan keselamatan industri dengan berkesan.

HPP4: Kompeten untuk menjalankan penyelidikan & pembangunan dalam bidang

pengurusan keselamatan industri serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan inovasi yang tinggi.

HPP5: Menghayati nilai-nilai moral, etika, profesionalisme dan prihatin terhadap

persekitaran.

HPP6: Mempunyai kemampuan berkerja dan berkomunikasi dengan berkesan. HPP7: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawanan dan kepimpinan yang berkesan.

HPP8: Kesanggupan untuk meneroka dan menambah ilmu secara berterusan

HPP9: Mempunyai keyakinan dan jati diri yang tinggi serta bersifat terbuka.


74

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (SAINS NUKLEAR)



OPP3: Mampu mengamalkan ilmu sains nuklear secara saintifik.



HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains nuklear ke tahap Doktor Falsafah.

HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang sains nuklear dan mampu menggunakan



dan inovatif, khasnya dalam bidang sains nuklear.





sepanjang hayat.




75

SARJANA SAINS (FIZIK)

Pengenalan Program Sarjana Sains (Fizik) secara tesis ini disediakan untuk calon yang ingin melanjutkan pelajaran di dalam bidang fizik secara sepenuh masa atau separuh masa.

Program yang disajikan memberi peluang kepada pelajar menjalankan kajian kritis melalui

penyelidikan secara individu. Selain menjalankan penyelidikan, pelajar juga didedahkan dengan kursus bagi menyediakan pelajar dengan asas yang mantap dalam bidang

penyelidikan mereka.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang memohon mengikuti Program Sarjana Sains (Fizik) secara tesis mestilah

mempunyai:

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred (PNGK) yang baik


oleh senat; atau b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda dan mempunyai kelayakan lain




OPP3: Mampu mengamalkan ilmu sains fizik secara saintifik.



HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains fizik ke tahap sarjana. HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang sains fizik dan mampu menggunakan



dan inovatif, khasnya dalam bidang sains fizik.

HPP4: Mampu bekerja secara individu dan berkumpulan dengan berkesan.

HPP5: Mampu berkomunikasi dengan berkesan secara lisan dan tulisan dengan komuniti saintifik dan masyarakat awam di peringkat tempatan dan antarabangsa.



sepanjang hayat.

HPP8: Memahami dan mengamalkan etika sains.

HPP9: Memiliki pengetahuan asas keusahawanan dan pengurusan hasil penyelidikan bagi pembangunan, pengkomersialan, kelestarian masyarakat dan alam sekitar.


76

Struktur Program



Keperluan 10 jam kredit kursus terdiri daripada 4 jam kredit kursus wajib dan 6 jam kredit kursus pusat pengajian. Pelajar boleh memilih mana-mana kursus pilihan yang

disediakan.

Calon perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan penyelia atau jawatankuasa penyeliaan tidak kurang daripada 26 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar sepenuh masa dan 13

jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar separuh masa.

Kursus wajib yang perlu diambil pelajar adalah STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan dan 6

jam kredit kursus yang boleh dipilih daripada kursus-kursus yang ditawarkan oleh Program Sarjana Sains (Fizik Gunaan) atau Sarjana Sains (Teknologi Tenaga) tertakluk kepada

persetujuan penyelia pelajar.

SARJANA SAINS (SAINS BAHAN)

Pengenalan Program Sarjana Sains (Sains Bahan) secara tesis ini disediakan bagi calon yang ingin

melanjutkan pelajaran dalam bidang Sains Bahan secara sepenuh masa atau separuh masa. Program yang disajikan memberi peluang kepada pelajar menjalankan penyelidikan secara

individu disamping dikehendaki mengambil dan lulus beberapa kursus. Calon dikehendaki

mengambil kursus berkenaan supaya mereka mempunyai pengetahuan yang mendalam dalam bidang pengkhususan kesarjanaan mereka disamping ilmu yang diperolehi semasa

menjalankan penyelidikan.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang memohon mengikuti Program Sarjana Sains (Sains Bahan) secara penyelidikan

dan kerja kursus mestilah mempunyai:



oleh Senat; atau b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda dan mempunyai kelayakan lain


OBJEKTIF PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (OPP)


OPP2: Berketerampilan.

OPP3: Mampu mengamalkan ilmu sains bahan secara saintifik. OPP4: Profesional dan dapat memenuhi tuntutan pembangunan di zamannya.


77

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains bahan ke tahap sarjana.

HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang sains bahan dan mampu menggunakan



dan inovatif, khasnya dalam bidang sains bahan.





sepanjang hayat.



Struktur Program

Tesis

Setiap calon yang mengikuti program ini dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus 10 jam kredit

kursus dan hasil penyelidikan ditulis sebagai sebuah tesis. Keperluan 10 jam kredit kursus terdiri daripada 4 jam kredit kursus wajib dan 6 jam kredit kursus pusat

pengajian. Pelajar boleh memilih mana-mana kursus pilihan yang disediakan.

Calon perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan penyelia atau jawatankuasa penyeliaan tidak kurang daripada 26 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar sepenuh masa dan 13 jam

pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar separuh masa. Kursus wajib yang perlu

diambil pelajar adalah STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan dan 3 jam kredit kursus hendaklah

dipilih daripada mana-mana kursus Peringkat Sarjana yang ditawarkan oleh Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan dan 3 jam kredit kursus lagi hendaklah dipilih daripada mana-

mana peringkat sarjana yang ditawarkan oleh Pusat Pengajian di Fakulti Sains dan

Teknologi tertakluk kepada persetujuan penyelia pelajar.


78

SARJANA SAINS (SAINS NUKLEAR)

Pengenalan Program Sarjana Sains (Sains Nuklear) secara tesis ini disediakan bagi calon yang ingin

melanjutkan pelajaran dalam bidang Sains Nuklear secara sepenuh masa atau separuh

masa. Program yang disajikan memberi peluang kepada calon menjalankan penyelidikan secara individu disamping menjalani beberapa kursus.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang memohon mengikuti Program Sarjana Sains (Sains Nuklear) secara tesis

mestilah mempunyai:



oleh Senat; atau

b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda dan mempunyai kelayakan lain atau pengalaman dan berkerja dalam bidang yang relevan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.



OPP2: Berketerampilan.

OPP3: Mampu mengamalkan ilmu sains nuklear secara saintifik. OPP4: Profesional dan dapat memenuhi tuntutan pembangunan di zamannya.


HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains bahan ke tahap sarjana.

HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang sains nuklear dan mampu menggunakan kaedah saintifik bagi mereka bentuk, mengendalikan ujikaji, menganalisis dan

mentafsir data.


dan inovatif, khasnya dalam bidang sains nuklear. HPP4: Mampu bekerja secara individu dan berkumpulan dengan berkesan.

HPP5: Mampu berkomunikasi dengan berkesan secara lisan dan tulisan dengan komuniti

saintifik dan masyarakat awam di peringkat tempatan dan antarabangsa. HPP6: Berkebolehan mendapat, mengurus dan menggunakan maklumat terkini dengan

sistematik dan berkesan.

HPP7: Mempunyai dorongan yang tinggi untuk melakukan penyelidikan dan belajar sepanjang hayat.

HPP8: Memahami dan mengamalkan etika sains.

HPP9: Memiliki pengetahuan asas keusahawanan dan pengurusan hasil penyelidikan bagi



79

Struktur Program



Keperluan 10 jam kredit kursus terdiri daripada 4 jam kredit kursus wajib dan 6 jam kredit kursus pusat pengajian. Pelajar boleh memilih mana-mana kursus pilihan yang

disediakan.

Calon perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan penyelia atau jawatankuasa penyeliaan tidak kurang daripada 26 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar sepenuh masa dan 13


Kursus wajib yang perlu diambil pelajar adalah STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan dan 6

jam kredit kursus dari mana-mana Program Sarjana Sains yang ditawarkan oleh Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, tertakluk kepada persetujuan penyelia pelajar.

SARJANA SAINS (TEKNOLOGI TENAGA)

Pengenalan Tenaga merupakan sumber terpenting bagi kemajuan dan pembangunan sesebuah negara.

Dengan demikian pergantungan kepada sumber tenaga lazim seperti minyak, gas dan arang

batu semata-mata adalah sesuatu yang dapat mengancam pembangunan negara sekiranya

bekalannya terjejas. Penggunaan tenaga lazim juga menyumbang kepada pencemaran alam sekitar. Oleh itu sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui perlu diterokai dan ditingkatkan

penggunaannya.

Di antara sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui yang diketengahkan secara aktif di peringkat antarabangsa adalah tenaga suria, tenaga angin, biojisim, biogas, dan hidro.

Inisiatif memperkenalkan sumber tenaga diperbaharui, meningkatkan kecekapan tenaga

dan pengurusan permintaan tenaga merupakan bidang yang aktif dijalankan. Teknologi tenaga perlu dimajukan supaya mampu memenuhi permintaan tenaga yang

terus meningkat. Namun demikian, untuk merancang dan melaksanakan pembangunan

teknologi tenaga secara ekonomi dan berkesan, sejumlah pakar dalam bidang teknologi

tenaga adalah diperlukan. Program ini dianjurkan oleh dua fakulti yang terlibat secara langsung dalam bidang

tenaga, iaitu Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi bersama Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia, dengan pendaftarannya di Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi.

Syarat Kemasukan a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains atau Kejuruteraan dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred

(PNGK) yang baik dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti

lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

b) Kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains atau Kejuruteraan dan mempunyai kelayakan lain atau pengalaman dan berkerja dalam bidang yang relevan

yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.


80



OPP3: Mampu mengamalkan ilmu teknologi tenaga secara saintifik.

OPP4: Profesional dan dapat memenuhi tuntutan pembangunan di zamannya

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Menguasai ilmu teknologi tenaga ke tahap sarjana.

HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang teknologi tenaga dan mampu

menggunakan kaedah saintifik bagi mereka bentuk, mengendalikan ujikaji, menganalisis dan mentafsir data.


dan inovatif, khasnya dalam bidang teknologi tenaga





sepanjang hayat. HPP8: Memahami dan mengamalkan etika sains.



Struktur Program

Calon yang mengikuti program ini dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus 42 jam kredit yang

terdiri daripada 30 jam kredit kursus wajib dan 12 jam kredit kursus pilihan.

SEMESTER KURSUS WAJIB

KURSUS PILIHAN

JUMLAH

I

STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan

STSF6013 Bahan Pengubah

Tenaga

STSF6073 Pengurusan dan

Ekonomi Tenaga

STSF6083 Kawalan dan

Instrumen

Tenaga

STSF6972 Projek

Penyelidikan I

STSF6113 Teknologi Bateri

STSF6133 Teknologi

Fotovolta

21


81

II

STSF6023 Reka Bentuk

Konsep Sistem

Tenaga

STSF6033 Falsafah, Polisi

dan Isu Dalam

Tenaga

STSF6063 Tenaga dan Alam

Sekitar

STSF6986 Projek

Penyelidikan II

STSF6173 Teknologi

Terma Suria

dan kursus pilihan Sarjana

yang ditawarkan oleh Pusat

Pengajian Fizik Gunaan dan

Fakulti Pendidikan

(3 jam kredit)

21

JUMLAH 30 12 42

Kursus Yang Ditawarkan Kursus Wajib

STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan STSF6013 Bahan Pengubah Tenaga

STSF6023 Reka Bentuk Konsep Sistem Tenaga

STSF6033 Falsafah, Polisi dan Isu Dalam Tenaga

STSF6063 Tenaga dan Alam Sekitar STSF6073 Pengurusan dan Ekonomi Tenaga

STSF6083 Kawalan dan Instrumen Tenaga

STSF6972 Projek Penyelidikan I STSF6986 Projek Penyelidikan II

Kursus Pilihan STSF6113 Teknologi Bateri

STSF6133 Teknologi Fotovolta

STSF6173 Teknologi Terma Suria

Kandungan Kursus

STSF6013 Bahan Pengubah Tenaga Pengenalan kepda bahan dan peranti semikonduktor. Pengkelasan bahan: aloi logam, seramik, struktur polimer, sifat fizikal komposit. Filem nipis dan tebal yang digunakan

sebagai penukar tenaga aktif. Kajian kes untuk penggunaan bahan dielektrik sebagai

penebat, penyimpan elektrik dan kapasitor; bahan untuk sensor dan transduser. Permukaan

terpilih, filem antipantulan, termokromik, tingkap pintar, bahan elektrokimia sebagai penukar dan penyimpan tenaga.


82

Bacaan Asas De Winter, F. 1991. Solar Collectors: Energy Storage and Materials. Cambridge, MA:

MIT Press. Granviqvist, C. G. (ed.). 1991. Materials Science for Solar Energy Conversion Systems.

London: Elsevier Science.

Hautala, R.R., King, R.B. & Kutal, C. (eds). 1979. Solar Energy: Chemical Conversion

and Storage. New Jersey: Humana Press. Neville, R.C. 1995. Solar Energy Conversion: The Solar Cell. London: Elsevier Science.

Smith, W. F. 1997. Foundation of Materials Science and Engineering. 2nd

Ed. McGraw

Hill. STSF6023 Reka Bentuk Konsep Sistem Tenaga Kursus ini membincangkan tajuk-tajuk mengenai konsep reka bentuk sistem tenaga. Sistem tenaga yang akan dikaji adalah stesen jana kuasa elektrik mengguna pelbagai

sumber tenaga seperti petroleum, gas asli, arang batu, hidro, suria, angin, geoterma, pasang

surut dan ombak. Pengubahsuaian pada sistem jana kuasa yang sedia ada juga diambil kira.

Penggunaan perisian HOMER untuk pengoptimuman sistem hibrid akan diperkenalkan.

Bacaan Asas Cengel, Y.A. & Boles, M.A. 2000. Thermodynamics- An Engineering Approach. New

York: McGraw Hill.

Cengel, Y.A. 1998. Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach. New York: McGraw Hill.

Denno, K. 1988. Power System Design and Applications for Alternative Energy Sources. New York: Prentice Hall.

El-Wakil, M.M. 1984. Power Plant Technology. New York: McGraw Hill.

HOMER. 2008. User Manual. Denver: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.

Stoecker, W.F. 1989. Design of Thermal Systems. 3rd Ed. New York: McGraw Hill.

STSF6033 Falsafah, Polisi dan Isu Dalam Tenaga Kursus ini menyediakan pelajar untuk berupaya menggubal polisi tenaga bagi negara masing-masing. Perbincangan diasaskan pada isu-isu tenaga global. Peranan dan

pencapaian badan-badan tenaga seperti OPEC dan IEA dikaji sebagai contoh-contoh dasar

dan tindakan antarabangsa yang diambil bagi menghadapi isu-isu dalam bekalan dan

permintaan sumber tenaga global. Beberapa contoh polisi tenaga yang digubal oleh negara-negara terkenal seperti USA, UK, Germany, RUSIA, CHINA dan Malaysia dikaji secara

terperinci.

Bacaan Asas Cassedy, E. S. 2000. Prospects for Sustainable Energy: A Critical Assessment. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press. Flavin, C. & Lenssen, N. 1994. Power Surge: Guide To The Coming Energy Revolution.

New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Malaysia, Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts. 1992. An Introduction to

Malaysia's Energy Sector. Kuala Lumpur.


83

Taher, AbdulHady Hassan. 1992. Energy, A Global Outlook: The Case For Effective

International Cooperation. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

World Energy Council. 1993. Energy for Tomorrow's World. New York: Kogan Page Ltd.

STSF6063 Tenaga dan Alam Sekitar Kursus ini membincangkan topik berhubung sumber tenaga dunia, sumber tenaga fosil,

sumber tenaga tidak boleh diperbaharui dan sumber tenaga boleh diperbaharui. Kesan sumber tenaga fosil kepada alam sekitar, kesan yang disebabkan oleh NOx, COx dan SOx.

Pencemaran udara dan air, hujan asid, kesan kepada sistem eko dan pemanasan global. Bacaan Asas Chandra, S. 1981. Superionic Solids: Principles and Applications. Amsterdam: North-

Holand Publ. Comp.

Conway, B.E. 1999. Electrochemical Supercapacitors: Scientific Fundamentals and Technological Applications. New York: Plenum Publ. Corp.

Julien, C. & Stoinov, Z. (Eds.) 2000. Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Dordrecht :

Kluwer Academic Publ.

Mc. Donald, J.R. (Ed.) 1987. Impedance Spectroscopy Emphasizing Solid Materian and System. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

World Energy Council. 1993. Energy For Tommorrow's World. New York: Kogan Page

Ltd.

STSF6073 Pengurusan dan Ekonomi Tenaga Kursus ini membincangkan peranan pengurus tenaga, audit tenaga, mengenalpasti peluang penjimatan tenaga dan mengadakan program pengurusan tenaga yang efektif. Peluang

penjimatan dapat dikenalpasti dalam sistem elektrik, stim proses, sistem penyamanan

udara dan lampu. Membuat keputusan ekonomi tenaga boleh digunakan untuk mencari

alternatif sistem penjimatan tenaga dan kewangan untuk sistem baru ini.

Bacaan Asas Culp, A. W. 1991. Principal of Energy Conservation. New York: McGraw-Hill. Grifin, J.M. & Steele, H.B. 1986. Energy Economics and Policy. Orlando: Academic

Press.

Nik Hashim Mustapha & Redzuan Othman. 1990. Peruntukan Sumber Asli – Masalah dan Penyelesaian. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Runci, P. 1999. 2020 Vision: The Energy World in TheNext Quarter Century (Program on

Energy, the Environment and the Economy). Queenstown: Aspen Institute.

Sharma, S. & Fesharaki, F. 1991. Energy Market and Policies in ASEAN. Singapore: ASEAN Economics Research Unit, Institute of South East Asian Studies.

STSF6083 Kawalan Dan Instrumen Tenaga Kursus ini memberikan penekanan kepada aspek-aspek perancangan, kawalan dan

pembinaan satu sistem fotovoltan. Perkara-perkara yang dipertimbangkan termasuklah

penilaian sumber tenaga mata hari, modul suria, bateri, unit pengawalan cas, penyongsang,

kotak kawalan kuasa, pendawaian, pengintegrasian, penderia-penderia dan alat-alat


84

pengukuran dan perakaman data. Perancangan, pemasangan, pengopersian dan

pemantauan sistem fotovoltan. Pengagihan kuasa dan pengawalan. Analisis prestasi sistem

fotovoltan.

Bacaan Asas Carr, J. J. 1988. Elements of Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements. Englewood

Cliffs. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Diedenderfer, A. J. & Holton, B. E. 1994. Principles of Electronic Instrumentation. 3

rd Ed.

New York: Harcourt/Academic Press.

Endecon Engineering. 2001. A Guide to Photovoltaic(PV) System Design and Installation. Sacramento, Ca.: California Energy Commission.

Gottlieb, I. R. 1993. Electronic Power Control. New York: McGraww-Hill.

Roberts, S. 1991. Solar Electricity. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

STSF6113 Teknologi Bateri Bahagian pertama kursus membincangkan jenis-jenis dan sifar-sifat asas bateri, serta jenis-

jenis bahan untuk bateri. Perbincangan meliputi juga teknik-teknik yang digunakan dalam pengghasilan bateri. Kursus turut membincangkan teknik-teknik yang lazim digunakan

bagi pencirian dan ujian dalam kajian bateri. Di bahagian akhir kursus, perkembangan

terkini dalam industri bateri serta sumbangannya kepada kesejahteraan manusia akan dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas

Huggins, R.A. 2009. Advanced batteries: Material science aspects. New York: Springer

Julien, C. & Stoinov, Z. (pnyt.). 2000. Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Dordrecht:

Kluwer Academic Publ.

Nazri, G-A. & Pistoria G. (Eds). 2009. Lithium batteries: Science and technology. New York: Springer

Vincent, C.A. & Scrosati, B. 1997. Modern Batteries: An Introduction To Electrochemical

Power Sources. 2nd

. Ed. London: Butterworth-Heinemann Reddy, T.B. (ed) 2011. Linden’s handbook of batteries 4

th ed. New York: McGraw Hill

STSF6133 Teknologi Fotovolta Membicarakan tentang kepentingan penjanaan tenaga dan pembangunan, astronomi suria

dan ciri-ciri sinaran suria, ciri-ciri bahan semikonduktor, ciri-ciri sel suria, bahan untuk sel

suria termaju, panel suria, stesen penjana elektrik dari sinaran suria. Bateri dan sistem penyimpan tenaga. Teknologi pam air suria, teknologi lampu jalan, teknologi fotovoltan

dalam rumah, teknologi fotovoltan untuk sistem di pendalaman, sistem komunikasi

fotovoltan, sistem fotovoltan tersambung ke grid (BIPV). Pengumpul suria fotovoltan

terma (PV/T), penggunaan PV/T. Teknologi masa depan fotovoltan.

Bacaan Asas

Beberapa kertas jurnal dan pascasidang yang ditulis oleh para pensyarah di UKM (Papers written by lectures in Physics Programme and SERI published in Journals and

proceedings)


85

Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Mohd. Yusof Hj. Othman & Baharudin (Pyt). 2000. Renewable

Energy: Resource and Applications in Malaysia. Bangi: Pusat Tenaga Malaysia.

Mohd. Yusof Hj. Othman. 1996. Penjanaan Tenaga: Kesinambungan yang Meyakinkan. Bangi: Penerbit UKM.

Mohd. Yusof Hj. Othman & Kamaruzzaman Sopian. 2002. Teknologi Tenaga Suria.

Bangi: Penerbit UKM.

Wieder S. 1996. Pengenalan Tenaga Suria untuk Ahli Sains dan Jurutera. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.

STSF6173 Teknologi Terma Suria Kursus ini akan dimulakan dengan pertimbangan tentang tenaga solar termasuk asas

radiasi, pengukuran dan pemprosesan data yang diperlukan untuk meramalkan „solar

irradiance‟ terhadap masa, lokasi dan orientasi kemudian kita akan memeriksa ciri-ciri untuk memahami konsep kerja dan komponen yang berbagai di dalam sistem terma suria

(dengan penekanan khusus kepada plet rata dan kepekatan pengumpul terma ini). Ini akan

membawa kepada pemeriksaan sistem dan prestasi sistem termasuk rekabentuk sistem

ramalan simpanan tenaga dan ekonomi. Fokus akan tertumpu kepada pengguna suhu rendah untuk air panas solar, pemanasan angkasa dan air suling.

Bacaan Asas

Duffie, J.A. & Beckman, W.A. Solar Thermal Engineering of Thermal Processes. 2nd

Ed.

New York: John Wiley.

Howel, J.R., Bannerot, R.B. & Vliet, G.C. 1982. Solar Thermal Energy Systems: Analysis and Design. New York: Mc Graw-Hill Book Co.

Larson, R.W., West, R.E. & Larson, R. (pnyt.). 1996. Implementation of Solar Thermal

Technology, Solar Heat Technologies. Jil. 10. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.

Lunde, P.J. 1980. Solar Thermal Engineering. New York: John Wiley. Reddy, T.A. & Bouix, P. 1986. Solar Thermal Component and System Testing. Bangkok:

Asian Institute of Technology.

STSF6972 Projek Penyelidikan I Kursus ini bertujuan melatih pelajar mengkaji satu bidang tertentu dalam bidang fizik

gunaan menerusi pembacaan dan kajian sendiri secara terarah. Pelajar dikehendaki

menyediakan satu laporan imbauan satu tajuk penyelidikan yang dipilih dan menyediakan satu cadangan penyelidikan untuk dijalankan dalam kursus STSF6986 Projek Penyelidikan

II.

Bacaan Asas

Day, R. A. 1998. How to Write & Publish a Scientific Paper. 5th Ed. Phoenix: Orxy Press.

Greenfield, T. 2001. Research Methods for Postgraduates. 2nd

Ed. London: An Arnold

Publication. Hafriza Burhanudeen (Editor). 2005. The UKM Style Guide. Bangi: Graduate Studies

Centre, UKM.

Ismail Ahmad. 1996. Penulisan Saintifik. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Palya, W. L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. 5th Ed. Jacksonville. Alabama.


86

STSF6986 Projek Penyelidikan II Kursus ini menawarkan pelajar untuk mendapat pengalaman menjalankan penyelidikan

satu tajuk tertentu yang diminati di bawah bimbingan seorang atau kumpulan penyelia. Penyelidikan dapat dijalankan secara eksperimen atau analitik. Pelajar dikehendaki

menyediakan satu disertasi hasil penyelidikan dan mempertahankan secara lisan.

Bacaan Asas Day, R. A. 1998. How to Write & Publish a Scientific Paper. 5

th Ed. Phoenix: Orxy Press.




Centre, UKM.

Ismail Ahmad. 1996. Penulisan Saintifik. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Palya, W. L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. 5

th Ed. Jacksonville. Alabama.

SARJANA SAINS (FIZIK GUNAAN)

Pengenalan Fizik Gunaan merupakan bidang yang mengkaji kedua-dua fizik klasik dan fizik moden

serta menggabungkannya untuk aplikasi terkini. Ia merupakan sains yang membolehkan reka bentuk dan operasi terhadap kebanyakan komponen-komponen seharian termasuk cip

komputer, laser, sel suria, peralatan perubatan, sensor dan telefon bimbit.

Kurikulum program siswazah Fizik Gunaan mengandungi kursus teras dan kursus pilihan. Kursus teras dibentuk untuk mendedahkan pelajar dengan fizik asas dan mahir

dalam komputer, matematik dan instrumentasi. Kursus teras juga mengandungi topik

pengurusan dan penilaian teknologi dan kemahiran berkomunikasi. Kursus pilihan boleh

diambil daripada senarai kursus-kursus yang ditawarkan supaya pelajar dapat membangunkan bidang pengajian yang diminati. Projek penyelidikan perlu dilakukan

sepanjang tempoh pengajian untuk memberi pengalaman melakukan penyelidikan secara

individu di bawah penyeliaan pensyarah pusat pengajian. Projek penyelidikan memfokuskan kepada penggunaan fizik dalam menyelesaikan masalah saintifik dan

teknologi. Projek penyelidikan bermula dengan melakukan kajian kepustakaan secara

intensif dan diikuti dengan melakukan eksperimen dan penyediaan disertasi. Program ini direka bentuk untuk menghasilkan profesional dengan kemampuan yang

luas, sesuai untuk karier dalam penyelidikan teknikal atau pengajian siswazah lanjutan. Ia

menyediakan latihan graduan dan pengalaman projek penyelidikan yang diperlukan oleh

sektor industri, kerajaan dan organisasi R & D. Bidang penyelidikan dan kepakaran pensyarah di Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan

termasuk: sains bahan, fizik keadaan pepejal, peranti filem nipis, sinaran perubatan, fizik

teori/komputasi.


87

Syarat-Syarat Kemasukan a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Fizik atau kursus yang berkaitan dengan fizik, dengan

memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred (PNGK) yang baik dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh senat; atau

b) Kelulusan profesional/vokasional yang lain yang setara dengan ijazah

SarjanamudaFizik dan bekerja dalam bidang yang relevan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat Calon yang mempunyai ijazah yang berkaitan dengan fizik diwajibkan mendaftar secara

rasmi kursus prasyarat tertentu yang ditawarkan di peringkat prasiswazah. Kursus ini akan

dijadualkan sebagai audit.



OPP3: Mampu mengamalkan ilmu sains fizik secara saintifik

OPP4: Profesional dan dapat memenuhi tuntutan pembangunan di zamannya


HPP1: Menguasai ilmu Fizik Gunaan ke tahap sarjana.

HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang Fizik Gunaan dan mampu menggunakan



dan inovatif, khasnya dalam bidang Fizik Gunaan.





sepanjang hayat.



Struktur Program Kursus ini ditawarkan hanya kepada calon sepenuh masa. Calon yang mengikuti

program ini dikehendaki lulus sekurang-kurangnya 40 jam kredit kursus terdiri daripada 28

jam kredit kursus wajib dan 12 jam kredit kursus pilihan.


88

SEMESTER KURSUS WAJIB KURSUS PILIHAN JUMLAH

I

STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan STSP6014 Kaedah Analisis Berinstrumentasi STSP6033 Kaedah Bermatematik

Lanjutan STSP6053 Elektromagnetisme

Lanjutan STSP6972 Projek Penyelidikan I Projek Penyelidikan I

STSP6113 Metalurgi Fizik STSP6133 Biobahan

STSP6153 Bahan dan Teknologi Komposit

STSP6173 Sains dan Teknologi Agrobahan

STSP6313 Fizik Semikonduktor dan Peranti

STSP6333 Teknologi Filem Nipis STSP6353 Bahan dan Peranti Ionik

Pepejal STSP6373 Optik Gunaan dan

Optoelektronik STSP6513 Fizik Radiologi

Diagnostik STSP6533 Fizik Perubatan Nuklear STSP6713 Mekanik Statistik STSP6733 Fluktuasi dalam Sistem

Fizik STSP6753 Fizik Pengimejan

Moden STSP6773 Modifikasi Kimia Kayu

(Pilih 1 Kursus pilihan)

19

II

STSP6023 Mekanik Kuantum Gunaan

STSP6043 Fizik Komputasi

Lanjutan STSP6986 Projek Penyelidikan II

STSP6123 Polimer Termaju STSP6143 Pemodelan dan Reka STSP6163 Pemantauan dan Kawalan Kakisan

STSP6323 Magnetisme dan Kesuperkonduksian

STSP6343 Nanoteknologi STSP6383 Sensor dan Sistem

Sensor STSP6523 Fizik Terapi Sinaran STSP6723 Pengenalan Teori

Dinamik Tak Linear

STSP6743 Fizik Angkasa STSP6763 Pengurusan Dan

Penilaian Teknologi STSP6783 Kimia Kertas (Pilih 3 Kursus pilihan) Bentuk Bahan

21

JUMLAH 28 12 40


89

Kursus Yang Ditawarkan Kursus Wajib


STSP6014 Kaedah Analisis Berinstrumentasi STSP6023 Mekanik Kuantum Gunaan

STSP6033 Kaedah Bermatematik Lanjutan

STSP6043 Fizik Komputasi Lanjutan STSP6053 Elektromagnetisme Lanjutan STSP6972 Projek Penyelidikan I

STSP6986 Projek Penyelidikan II

Kursus Pilihan

STSP6113 Metalurgi Fizik

STSP6123 Polimer Termaju STSP6133 Biobahan

STSP6143 Pemodelan dan Reka Bentuk Bahan

STSP6153 Bahan dan Teknologi Komposit STSP6163 Pemantauan dan Kawalan Kakisan

STSP6173 Sains dan Teknologi Agrobahan

STSP6313 Fizik Semikonduktor dan Peranti

STSP6323 Magnetisme dan Kesuperkonduksian STSP6333 Teknologi Filem Nipis

STSP6343 Nanoteknologi

STSP6353 Bahan dan Peranti Ionik Pepejal STSP6373 Optik Gunaan dan Optoelektronik

STSP6383 Sensor dan Sistem Sensor

STSP6513 Fizik Radiologi Diagnostik

STSP6523 Fizik Terapi Sinaran STSP6533 Fizik Perubatan Nuklear

STSP6713 Mekanik Statistik

STSP6723 Pengenalan Teori Dinamik Tak Linear STSP6733 Fluktuasi dalam Sistem Fizik

STSP6743 Fizik Angkasa

STSP6753 Fizik Pengimejan Moden STSP6773 Modifikasi Kimia Kayu

STSP6783 Kimia Kertas

STSP6793 Teknik Nuklear dalam Industri

Kandungan Kursus

STSP6014 Kaedah Analisis Berinstrumentasi Kursus ini membincangkan beberapa teknik dan reka bentuk ujikaji mengenai kaedah

pencirian dalam penyelidikan dan industri. Tajuk yang dibincangkan adalah analisis


90

struktur dan mikrostruktur yang meliputi analisis komposisi, kajian struktur dan morfologi

permukaan dengan menggunakan teknik-teknik pendaflour sinar-X, pembelauan sinar-X

dan mikroskopi elektron. Turut dibincangkan adalah beberapa teknik pencirian bahan seperti spektroskopi fotopancaran sinar-X, spektroskopi transformasi jelmaan infra-merah,

spektroskopi Raman, teknik impedans, analisis terma dan analisis mekanik. Kaedah

penyediaan sampel untuk setiap teknik analisis juga diperkenalkan.

Bacaan Asas Cullity, B.D. & Stock, S.R. 2001. Elements of X-ray Diffraction. 3

rd Ed. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall. Drago, R.S. 1992. Physical Methods. New York: Saunders College Publ.

Goodhew, P.J. & Humphreys, F.J. 1988. Electron Microscopy and Analysis. London:

Taylor and Francis Publ. Haines P.J. 2002. Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. Cambridge.

Walls, J.M. & Smith, R. 1994. Surface Science Techniques. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Yacobi, B.G., Holt, D.B. & Kazmerski, L.L. 1994. Microanalysis of Solids. New York:

Plenum Press.

STSP6023 Mekanik Kuantum Gunaan (Prasyarat : Mekanik Kuantum di peringkat prasiswazah)

Kursus ini adalah kursus yang ketiga dalam siri kursus mekanik kuantum. Pra-syarat bagi

membolehkan mengikuti kursus ini adalah telah mengikuti dengan jayanya kursus STSF2223 dan STSF3213. Kursus ini berasaskan formalism teras, konsep, dan teknik

mekanik kuantum. Walaupun momentum sudut dan kesimetrian dalam mekanik kuantum

telah dibincangkan dalam kursus sebelumnya, tajuk-tajuk tersebut pada tahap siswazah

akan dibincangkan lagi dengan lebih mendalam. Mekanik banyak jasad, pengkuantuman medan elektromagnet, dan kesan kuantun kerelatifan pada zarah spin ½ juga dibincangkan.

Konsep ini adalah diperlukan dalam penyelidikan di bidang eksperimen dan teori fizik

zarah, fizik nuklear, optik kuantum, noktah kuantum, fabrikasi kuantum.

Bacaan Asas Griffiths, J.F. 2002. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. 3

rd Ed. New York: Pearson.

Dirac, P.A.M. 1958. The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. 4th Ed. (revised), Oxford,

UK: Oxford University Press.

Feynman, R.P., Leighton, R.B. & Sands, M. 1965. The Feynman Lectures on Physics.

Volume III. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley.

Merzbacher, E. 1970. Quantum Mechanics. 2nd

Ed. New York NY: John Wiley & Sons. Sakurai, J.J. 1985. Modern Quantum Mechanics. CA: Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park.

STSP6033 Kaedah Bermatematik Lanjutan Kursus ini membincangkan kemahiran penggunaan kaedah bermatematik dalam fizik tulen

dan gunaan. Tajuk yang akan dibincangkan adalah medan vektor, penggunaannya dalam

sistem Cartesan terherot dan koordinat melengkung. Selanjutnya akan dibincangkan fungsi pembolehubah kompleks, permukaan Riemann, teorem Cauchy, siri Taylor, siri


91

Laurent, teorem baki dan pemetaan konformal. Penggunaan kaedah fungsi Green dan

tensor dalam fizik akan dibincangkan. Ini termasuk tajuk mengenai tensor Cartesan,

kronecker dan Levi-Civita, kebezaan tensor, perwakilan kovarian dan perwakilan kontravarian.

Bacaan Asas Ablowitz, M.J. & Fokas, A.S. 1998. Complex Variable. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Butkov, E. 1984. Mathematical Physics. London: Addison-Westey.

Hayek, S.I. 2001. Advanced Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering. Marcel Dekker.

Riley, R.F., Hobson, M.P. & Bence, S.J. 1997. Mathematical Methods for Physics and

Engineering. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. Van der Ziel, A. 1986. Noise in Solid State Devices and Circuits. New York: John Wiley

& Sons.

STSP6043 Fizik Komputasi Lanjutan (Prasyarat : Fizik komputasi di peringkat prasiswazah)

Kursus ini membincangkan kaedah lazim menyelesaikan masalah fizik dengan menggunakan komputer, khususnya dengan melakukan pemodelan, simulasi, penyelesaian

berangka dan paparan. Kursus ini diberikan secara kuliah dan amali. Tajuk utama

penggunaan yang akan dibincangkan meliputi fizik keadaan pepejal, fizik bahan, peranti, mekanik kuantum dan astrofizik. Penggunaan kaedah pemprosesan selari dan PC

berkelompok, penggunaan pelantar pengkomputeran DOS/Windows, dan LINUX juga

akan dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas Gibbs, W R. Gibbs. 1999. Computation in Modern Physics. 2

nd Ed. World Scientific,

Singapore. Landau, R.H. & Paez, M.J. 1997 Computational Physics - Problem Solving with

Computers. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Pang, T 1997 An Introduction to Computational Physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Press, W.H, Teukolsky, S.A., Vettrling, W.T. & Flannery, B.P. 1992. Numerical Recipes

in C or Fortran: The Art of Scientific Computing. 2nd

Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge

Univ. Press. Programming Language Allowed: C/C++, MatLab or Foirtran 70/90.

Thissen, J.M. 1999. Computational Physics. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

STSP6053 Elektromagnetisme Lanjutan (Prasyarat : Elektromagnetisme di peringkat prasiswazah)

Kursus ini membincangkan kaedah pemprosesan maklumat dengan gelombang

elektromagnet, bahan dan peranti elektromagnet. Kursus ini diberikan secara kuliah dan


92

tajuk utama yang dibincang adalah: asas teori elektromagnet, kerelatifan khas dalam

elektromagnet, Persamaan Maxwell, Analisis tensor dan pseutensor dalam bahan

elektromagnet, Keupayaan terencat, interaksi gelombang elektromagnet dengan zarah bercas, Formalasi Langrange, Jelmaan Gauge, monokhutub dan multikhutub, aplikasi

elektromagnetik dalam fizik keadaan pepejal, optik klasik, teori sinaran dan

telekomunikasi.

Bacaan Asas Chapman, S. C. 2000. Core Electrodynamics. 2

nd ed. London. Taylor and Francis

Griffiths, D. J. 2012. Introduction to Electrodynamics. 4th . ed. New York. Addison-

Wesley Jackson, J. D. 1998. Classical Electrodynamics. 3

rd ed. New York. John Wiley & Sons.

Low F. E. 2004. Classical Field Theory. Electromagnetism and Gravitation. Weinheim:

Wiley –VCH Vanderlinde J. 2004. Classical Electromagnetic Theory. New York: Kluwer Acad. Publ.

STSP6113 Metalurgi Fizik Kursus ini membincangkan tajuk-tajuk mengenai pemejalan, rawatan haba, aloi termaju

dan pemprosesan logam. Termodinamik dan kinetik pemejalan dibincangkan. Jenis-jenis

dan teknik rawatan haba dan rawatan mekanik serta kesannya terhadap kecacatan logam

dan sifat-sifat logam juga dibincangkan. Kursus ini turut memperkenalkan aloi termaju iaitu aloi ringan, aloi suhu tinggi, aloi ingatan bentuk, aloi biobahan dan aloi superplastik.

Teknik-teknik pemprosesan logam dan aloi serta kaitannya dengan sifat dan kegunaan

produk logam atau aloi berkenaan juga dikemukakan.

Bacaan Asas Cahn, R.W. & Hassen, P. 1996. Physical Metallurgy. London: North-Holland Publ.

Jenkins, I. & Wood, J.W. 1991. Powder Metallurgy: An Overview. London: Institute of Metals.

Lu, L. & Lai, M.O. 1998. Mechanical Alloying. London: Kluwer Academic Publ.

Moniz, B. J. 2003. Metallurgy. New York: American Technical Publishers. Smallman, R. E. & Ngan, A. H. N. 2007. Physical Metallurgy and Advanced Materials.

London: Butterworth-Heinemann.

STSP6123 Polimer Termaju Kursus ini membincangkan teori asas secara ringkas, ciri dan pembuatan pelbagai jenis

bahan polimer, jenis-jenis polimer maju, sifat-sifat, kegunaan, keunikan dan kelebihan

serta cara pemprosesan/penyediaan. Perbincangan lebih mendalam akan dibuat mengikut setiap kategori polimer termaju masa kini.

Bacaan Asas Cheremisinof, N.P (pnyt). 1998. Advanced Polymer Processing Operations. New Jersey:

Noyes Publ.

Dyson R.W. 1995. Engineering Polymers. New York: Chapman and Hall. Fried J.R 1995. Polymer Science and Technology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall


93

Mills N.J. 1993. Plastic-microstructure and Engineering Application. London: Butler and

Tanner Ltd.

Nalwa H.S. 2001. Advanced Functional Molecules and Polymers. Volume 4: Physical Properties and Application. New Jersey: Gordon & Breach Science Publ.

STSP6133 Biobahan Kursus ini akan membincangkan pelbagai bahan sintetik yang boleh dibuat bagi menggantikan bahan biologi asli manusia. Tajuk yang dibincangkan adalah polimer

sebagai biobahan, ciri-ciri, kegunaan dan pemprosesannya. Selanjutnya akan

diperkenalkan bahan bioseramik yang meliputi tajuk komposit asas ZrO2, komposit asas

Al2O

3 dan sistem oksida lain dan penggunaan dalam sistem badan manusia. Perbincangan

juga meliputi hidroksiapatit, iaitu sifat-sifat, teknik penghasilan dan kegunaan terkini.

Antara pelbagai kegunaan bahan biobahan yang akan dibincangkan adalah bahan ganti

gigi, dan aloi logam sebagai bahan ganti tulang (contoh: keluli kalis karat, aloi titanium dll). Akhir sekali akan diterangkan kaedah ujian mekanik dan ujian kesesuaian biologi.

Bacaan Asas Helsen, J.A. & Breme, J. 1998. Metals as Biomaterials. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Park, J.B. & Lakes, R.S. 1992. Biomaterials: An Introduction. 2nd

Ed. New York: Plenum

Publ.

Shackelford, F.F. 1999. Bioceramics. Singapore: Overseas Publ. Assoc. Shalaby, S.W. 1985. Polimers as Biomaterials. New York: Plenum Publ. Corp.

Silver, F.H. & Christiansen, D.L. 1999. Biomaterials Science and Biocompatibility.

London: Springer Verlag.

STSP6143 Pemodelan dan Rekabentuk Bahan Kursus ini membincangkan pengenalan kepada kaedah pemodelan dan simulasi bagi reka bentuk bahan baru. Tajuk yang dibincangkan adalah persamaan model yang meliputi aspek

termodinamik dalam pemodelan fasa logam, contoh penggunaan pemodelan dalam

pemprosesan dan kajian bahan, kecacatan hablur, kerosakan sinaran pada bahan, patah dan

sebagainya. Bahan sebagai suatu faktor dalam rekabentuk dan proses pembentukan bahan, seperti aloi, komposit dan lain-lain. Akan dibincangkan juga mengenai piawaian dan kod

amalan yang berkaitan dengan rekabentuk.

Bacaan Asas Barbero, E.J. 1998. Introduction to Composite Materials Design. London: Taylor &

Francis.

Cornish, E.H. 1987. Materials and The Designer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. English, C.A., Metthews, J.R., Rauh, H., Stoneham, A.M. & Thetford, R. (pnyt.) 1992.

Materials Modelling: From Theory to Technology. Bristol: Institue of Physics Publ.

Mattewd, F.L., Davies, G.A.O., Hitching, D. & Soutis, C. 2001. Finite Element Modelling of Composite Materials and Sructures. New York: CRC Press.

Szekely, J. 1988. The Mathematical and Physical Modeling of Primary Metal Processing

Operation. New York: John Wiley & Sons.


94

STSP6153 Bahan dan Teknologi Komposit Kursus ini membincangkan semua jenis komposit dan sifat-sifatnya, serta teknik

pembuatan dan penggunaannya. Tajuk utama yang akan dibincangkan adalah jenis-jenis gentian dan matriks, komposit polimer (PMC), komposit logam (MMC) dan komposit

seramik (CMC). Teknik analisis mikromekanik, makromekanik dan antaramuka juga akan

dibincangkan. Akhir sekali akan dibincangkan kaedah fabrikasi dan teknologi pembuatan

terkini komposit.

Bacaan Asas Chawla, K.K. & Chawla, K.K. 1998. Composite Materials: Science and Engineering. 2

nd

Ed. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Gibson, R.F. 1994. Principles of Composite Materials Mechanics. New York: McGraw-

Hill. Gutoski, T.G. 1997. Advanced Composites Manufacturing. New York: John Wiley &

Sons.

Hull, D. & Clyne, T.W. 1996. An Introduction To Composite Materials. 2nd

Ed.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Metthews, F.L. & Rowlings, R.D. 1994. Composite Materials: Engineering and Science.

London: Chapman & Hall.

STSP6163 Pemantauan dan Kawalan Kakisan Kursus ini memperkenalkan teknik-teknik kawalan kakisan iaitu pemilihan bahan,

mengubah keadaan persekitaran, rekabentuk produk, salutan, dan perlindungan katodik dan anodik. Perbincangan bagi teknik kawalan kakisan meliputi perinsip dan mekanisme

serta peralatan. Kesesuaian teknik kawalan kakisan terhadap jenis-jenis kakisan turut

dibincangkan. Teknik-teknik pemantauan kakisan yang dibincangkan termasuklah teknik

ujian tanpa musnah, teknik elektrokimia dan teknik nuklear. Kepentingan kawalan dan pemantauan kakisan dari aspek keselamatan dan ekonomi turut dibahaskan.

Bacaan Asas Bayliss, D.A. & Chandler, K. A. 1991. Steelwork Corrosion Control. London: Elsevier

Applied Science.

Fontana, M. G. 2005. Corrosion Engineering. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Jones, A. D. 1996. Principles and Prevention of Corrosion. 2nd

Ed. London: Prentice Hall. Schweitzer, P. A. 2007. Corrosion Engineering Handbook. London: Taylor & Francis

Uhlig, H.H. & Revie, R.W. 1995. Corrosion and Corrosion Control. 3rd

Ed. Houston:

NACE International.

STSP6173 Sains dan Teknologi Agrobahan Kursus ini membincangkan bahan mentah lignoselulosa hasil pertanian (agro industri) yang terdapat di Malaysia seperti padi, kenaf, tebu, kelapa, kelapa sawit, nenas, pisang,

manakala hasil hutan seperti pokok kayu keras dan buluh. Cara pemprosesan mendapatkan

bahan lignoselulosa ditekankan. Penghasilan produk komposit seperti pulp, kertas, bod

gentian berketumpatan sederhana(MDF), bod partikel, bod stan berorientasi, papan lapis, bod plastik dan bod simen akan dibincangkan. Modifikasi kimia kepada gentian ditekan


95

bagi memperbaiki antara muka gentian. Kimia dan jenis perekat dan salutan dibincangkan

bagi memperbaiki permukaan dan ikatan antara gentian.


96

Bacaan Asas Boding, J. & Jayne B.A. 1993. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Florida:

Kriegler Publ. Co Casey, JP. 1980. Pulp and Paper: Chemistry and Chemical Technology. 4 Vol. London:

John Wiley

Hemingway, RW., Conner, A.H. & Brahan, SJ. (Pnyt). 1987. Adhesives From Renewable

Resources. Washington: American Chemical Society. Hons, DNS. & Shiraishi N. 1998. Wood and Cellulose Chemistry. New York: Marcel and

Dekker.

Kinloch, AJ. 1987. Adhesion and Adhesive Science and Technology. London: Chapman and Hall.

STSP6313 Fizik Semikonduktor dan Peranti Kursus ini bertujuan memahami teori mengenai bahan semikonduktor dan peranti

semikonduktor. Konsep elektron dan lohong dalam jalur tenaga. Semikonduktor intrinsik

dan ekstrinsik. Sifat dan proses dalam semikonduktor. Pengukuran kuantiti yang berkaitan

dengan semikonduktor, misalnya kekonduksian, jisim berkesan, kelincahan dan resapan. Peranti semikonduktor - peranti berasaskan kekonduksian dan simpangan. Penyediaan dan

fabrikasi, yang melibatkan penulenan, penyediaan hablur tunggal, pendopan dan litografi.

Bacaan Asas Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis. 2000. Teknologi Fabrikasi Litar Bersepadu. Bangi: Penerbit

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Cooke, M.J. 1990. Semiconductor Devices. New York: Prentice-Hall.

Neamen, D.A. 1997. Semiconductor Physics and Devices: Basic Principles. New York:

McGraww-Hill.

Sze, S. M. 1981. Physics of Semiconductor Devices. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Tyagi, M.S. 1999. Semiconductor Materials and Devices. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

STSP6323 Magnetisme dan Kesuperkonduksian Kursus in terdiri daripada dua tajuk; pertama mengenai magnetisme dan kedua mengenai

kesuperkonduksian. Tajuk-tajuk dalam magnetisme termasuklah bahan magnet, diamagnet,

paramagnet, feromagnet, ferimagnet, antiferomagnet, teori domain dan proses pemagnetan,

pengukuran, penyediaan dan kegunaan. Tajuk-tajuk dalam kesuperkonduksian termasuklah fenomenon asas, bahan superkonduktor, superkonduktor jenis-I dan jenis-II, peralihan fasa,

teori Ginburg-landau, vorteks Abrikosov, teori BCS, jurang tenaga, penerowongan

Josephson, SQUID, superkonduktor suhu tinggi, anisotropi, struktur. Rajah fasa dan kegunaan superkonduktor.

Bacaan Asas Abd. Shukor, R. 2004. Introduction to Superconductivity in Metals Alloys and Cuprates.

Tanjung Malim: UPSI Publishers.

Cullity, B. D. 1972. Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. New York:

Addison-Wesley.


97

Jiles, D. 1991. Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. London: Chapmann &

Hall.

Morrish, A. H. 2001. Physical Principles of Magnetism. New York: John Wiley. Roslan Abd. Shukor. 1996. Superkonduktor Konvensional dan Suhu Tinggi. Kuala

Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

STSP6333 Teknologi Filem Nipis Kursus ini membincangkan teori dan teknik pembuatan filem nipis, pencirian dan

pengunaan filem nipis. Kursus akan dimulakan dengan memperkenalkan fizik filem nipis

yang meliputi tajuk proses pembentukan dan struktur filem nipis. Selanjutnya akan dibincangkan pelbagai teknik penyediaan filem nipis. Antaranya penyejatan, percikan, dan

kaedah khusus penyediaan filem nipis. Kaedah pencirian filem nipis seperti ketebalan,

struktur fizikal, morfologi permukaan, struktur elektronik dan pencirian kimia akan dibincangkan. Juga akan dibincangkan mengenai sifat filem nipis, seperti mekanik,

elektrik, optik dan magnet. Akan diikuti dengan perbincangan mengenai penggunan filem

nipis, sama ada penggunaan pasif dan aktif, juga peranti filem nipis. Akhir sekali satu

seminar mengenai perkembangan terbaru filem nipis akan dibentangkan oleh pelajar.

Bacaan Asas Eckertova, L. (pnyt.) 1986. Physics of Thin Films. 2

nd Ed. New York: Plenum Press.

Francombe, M.H. (pnyt.) 2000. Thin Films. Vol. 28: Frontiers of Thin Film Technology.

New York: Academic Press.

Matacotta, F.C. & Ottaviani, G. (pnyt.) 1995. Science and Technology of Thin Films. Singapore: World Scientific.

Nalwa, H.S. (pnyt.) 2001. Handbool of Thin Films Materials. Jild. 1-5. New York:

Academic Press.

Wagendristel, A. & Wang, Y. 1994. An Introduction to Physics and Technology of Thin Films. Singapore: World Scientific.

STSP6343 Nanoteknologi Kursus ini membincangkan tajuk-tajuk mengenai perubahan sifat elektronik, sifat magnet,

sifat mekanik dan sifat optik bahan penebat, semikonduktor dan logam apabila menjadi

kecil berskala nanometer. Kaedah mendapatkan nanobahan samada melalui kaedah atas ke

bawah atau bawah ke atas serta contoh-contoh penyediaan nanobahan dari dengan kaedah fizik (ablasi laser, pengisar bebola, pengendapan plasma) dan kaedah kimia (sol-gel,

penempletan misel dan mikroemulsi, mekanokimia dan sonokimia) diberikan. Pencirian

nanobahan dengan kaedah AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), SNOM (Scanning NearField Optical Microscopy), spektroskopi UV-Vis, TEM (transmission electron microscopy),

XPS (X-ray photo spectroscopy) dan beberapa kaedah lain dihuraikan. Beberapa sifat

termodinamik nanobahan dibincangkan terutama sifat tak ekstensifnya. Hubungan antara perubahan sifat nanobahan dengan sekitarannya boleh menjadikan nanobahan sebagai

sensor dan lain-lain aplikasi nanobendalir. Pelajar mungkin diminta untuk membentang

beberapa seminar untuk menghuraikan penemuan baru dalam nanoteknologi.


98

Bacaan Asas Colm Durkan. 2007. Current at the Nanoscale. Singapore: World Scientific.

Guozhong Cao. 2007. Nanostructures and Nanomaterials. Singapore: World Scientific. Nalwa, H.S. 2000. Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology Vol.1-5.


Nalwa, H.S. 2003. Nanoclusters and Nanocrystals. California: American Scientific

Publishers. Sulabha K. Kulkarni. 2007. Nanotechnology: Principles and Practices. New Delhi:

Capital Publishing Company.

STSP6353 Bahan dan Peranti Ionik Pepejal Kursus ini membincangkan bahan ionik pepejal. Bahagian pertama kursus akan

membincangkan jenis-jenis serta sifat-sifat asas bahan pengkonduksi ion. Jenis-jenis bahan dikategorikan mengikut jenis ion yang dikonduksi seperti ion Li

+, ion H

+ dan sebagainya.

Jenis-jenis bahan mengikut struktur hablurnya, seperti seramik, polimer, kekaca juga

dibincangkan. Perbincangan meliputi juga bahan pengkonduksi bercampur ion/elektronik.

Bahagian kedua kursus membincangkan teknik-teknik yang lazim digunakan dalam penyediaan dan pencirian bahan pengkonduksi ion dan pengkonduksi campuran

ion/elektronik. Di bahagian akhir kursus, potensi kegunaan bahan ionik dan campuran

ionik/elektronik dalam teknologi peranti tertentu serta cabaran-cabaran yang dihadapi dan perlu diatasi akan dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas Cahn, R.W., Haasen, P. & Kramer, E.J. (pnyt.). 1994. Materials Science and Technology,

A Comprehensive Treatment. New York: VCH Publishers.

Chandra, S. 1981. Superionic Solids: Principles and Applications. Amsterdam: North

Holland. Gao, W. & Sammes, N.M. 1999. An Introduction to Electronic and Ionic Materials.

Singapore: World Scientific.

Jiles, D. 1994. Electronic Properties of Materials. New York: Chapman & Hall. NATO Adv. Study Institute on Physics of Superionic Conductor. 1983. The Physics of

Superionic Conductors and Electrode Materials. New York: Plenum Pub. Corp.

STSP6373 Optik Gunaan dan Optoelektronik Kursus ini mendedahkan pelajar kepada penggunaan ilmu optik dalam pelbagai bidang,

serta teori dan penggunaan optoelektronik. Pada awal kursus ini akan disorot tajuk asas

optik gelombang, kemudian akan diperkenalkan optoelektronik. Sifat-sifat optoelektronik bahan termasuk optik tak linear, dan peranti optoelektronik akan dibincangkan. Tajuk

mengenai gentian optik akan dibahas dengan mendalam meliputi penggunaan dalam sistem

komunikasi optik dan sensor gentian optik. Tajuk khusus mengenai paparan optik seperti LED, pemprosesan isyarat optik akan dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas Desmonds, E. S. 1995. Optoelektronic Devices. London: Prentice Hall. Hecht, E. 1998. Optics. 3

rd Ed. Reading, MA.: Addison Wesley.


99

Kasap, S. O. & Kasap, S. O. 2001. Optoelectronics and Photonics: Principles and

Practices. New York: Prentice Hall.

Saleh B. E. A. & Teich M. C. 1991. Fundamentals of Photonics. New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Wilson, J. & Hawkes J. 1998. Optoelectronics an Introduction. London: Prentice Hall.

STSP6383 Sensor dan Sistem Sensor Pengenalan, pengelasan sensor dan pengaktuasi, strategi pengesanan dan pengaktuasi

keperluan umum untuk pengantara muka dan pengaktuasian, pengesan, transduksi,

pengaktuasian. Ciri-ciri prestasi sensor dan pengaktuasi, sensor optik-fotodiod, sensor berasaskan fotoransistor dan fotoperintang, pengganda foto, pengesan cahaya ke cahaya,

sensor inframerah, sensor suhu, sensor termo rintangan, termistor, sensor resistif silikon,

sensor dan pengaktuasi magnet dan elektromagnet, sensor mekanikal-meter pecutan (kapasitif, piezoelektrik, piezo rintangan terma), sensor daya tolak keterikan, sensor tactile,

sensor tekanan (sensor dan pengaktuasi semikonduktor, piezoresistif, akustik, sensor-

kimia-elektrokimia, sensor termo-kimia, ChemFET, gas pH, kelembapan, kelengasan dan

radiasi optik-kimia.

Bacaan Asas Brignell, J. & White, N. 1994. Intelligent Sensor Systems. Bristol: IOP Publ. Ltd. Gardner, J.W. 1994. Microsensors: Principles and Applications. Chichester: Wiley &

Sons.

Janata, J. 1989. Principles of Chemical Sensors. New York: Plenum Press. Khazan, A. D. 1993. Transducers and Their Elements: Design and Application. New

Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Sinclair, A.R. 2001. Sensor and Transducers. 3rd Ed. Woburn, MA.: Butterworth-

Heinemann. STSP6513 Fizik Radiologi Diagnostik Kursus ini membincangkan penggunaan ilmu fizik dalam radiologi diagnostik. Tajuk yang dibincangkan merangkumi radiologi diagnostik, penghasilan sinar-X, asas fizikal radiologi

diagnostik, serta pendedahan dan perlindungan kepada pesakit. Dalam tajuk radiologi

diagnostik akan dibincangkan mengenai imej radiologikal primer, imej radiografik,

pengimbas CT, mammografi, pendedahan kepada pesakit, risiko dalam radiologi diagnostik, dan pemilihan peralatan. Tajuk penghasilan sinar-X pula merangkumi tiub

sinar-X, interaksi pada sasaran, spektrum sinar-X, kualiti dan keamatan sinar-X, faktor

yang mempengaruhi kualiti dan keamatan. Sementara itu dalam tajuk asas fizikal radiologi diagnostik akan dibincangkan mengenai filem sinar-x dan pemprosesannya, sifat-sifat

filem sinar-X, kesan penyerapan sinar-X dan imej radiografik, kesan dan kawalan sinar

terserap, pendedahan radiografik, tiub sinar-X diagnostik dan perisainya, dan isotop radioaktif dalam perubatan klinikal. Dalam tajuk pendedahan dan perlindungan kepada

pesakit akan dibincangkan mengenai corak pendedahan sinar-X, had pendedahan, sumber

pendedahan, perisaian kawasan, perisaian personel dan pendedahan daripada sumber

radioaktif.


100

Bacaan Asas Ball, J.L. & Moore, A.D. 1997. Essential Physics for Radiographers. 2

nd Ed. Melbourne:

Blackwell Scientific Publ. Carter, P.H. 1984. An Introduction to Diagnostic Radiography. New York: Churchill

Livingstone.

Christensen, E.E., Curry, T.S. & Dowdey, J.E. 1978. An Introduction to the Physics of

Diagnostic Radiology. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. Ismail Saad. 1992. Radiologi Diagnosis Asas. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Sprawls, P. 1993. Physical Principles of Medical Imaging. 2nd

Ed. Madison: Medical

Physics Publ. STSP6523 Fizik Terapi Sinaran Kursus ini memberi pendedahan kepada pelajar mengenai penggunaan ilmu fizik dalam terapi sinaran. Tajuk yang akan dibincangkan merangkumi dosimetri, pengukuran sinaran,

interaksi alur sinar-X dan sinar dengan medium sreakan, serta mesin terapi alur luaran. Di

bawah tajuk dosimetri akan dibincangkan mengenai kuantiti alur sinaran, pemindahan

tenaga proses dua peringkat, iaitu kerma dan dos terserap, pendedahan, dan penentuan dos terserap di dalam fantom menggunakan kebuk pengionan yang ditentukur dalam kuantiti

pendedahan. Sementara di bawah tajuk pengukuran sinaran akan dibincangkan mengenai

pelbagai jenis kebuk pengionan, pengesan keadaan pepejal, dosimetri kimia, meter dos pendarkilau haba, dosimeter filem dan kalorimeter. Tajuk interaksi alur sinar-X dan sinar

gama dengan medium serakan merangkumi nisbah tisu kepada udara, faktor seraka balik,

peratusan kedalaman dos, nisbah tisu kepada fantom, pengiraan dos pesakit dan pengiraan dos pada sebagarang titik. Dalam tajuk mesin terapi alur luaran pula akan dibincangkan

mengenai sinar-X superfisial, mesin sinar-X terapi dalaman, pemecut linear dan unit Co-

60. Akhir sekali akan diterangkan mengenai perkhidmatan radioterapi di Malaysia.

Bacaan Asas Johns, H.E. & Cunningham, J.R. 1983. The Physics of Radiology. 4

th Ed. Springfield:

Charles C. Thomas Publ. Mould, R.F. 1981. Radiotherapy Treatment Planning. Bristol: Adam Hilger Ltd.

Rajan, K.N.G. 1992. Advanced Medical Radiation Dosimetry. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of

India Private Limited.

Stanton, R. & Stinson, D. 1996. Applied Physics for Radiation Oncology. Wisconsin: Medical Physics Publ.

Williams, J.R. & Thwaites, D.I. 1993. Radiotherapy Physics. New York: Oxford

University Press.

STSP6533 Fizik Perubatan Nuklear Kursus ini membincangkan penggunaan ilmu fizik dalam perubatan nuklear. Tajuk yang akan dibincangkan merangkumi perubatan nuklear, pengukuran dan peralatan, serta

radiofarmaseutikal. Dalam tajuk perubatan nuklear akan dibincangkan mengenai teknik

pengimejan menggunakan penyurih radioaktif, dos terserap yang wujud daripada

radionuklid di dalam tubuh, dan dos yang dibenarkan dalam perubatan nuklear. Sementara itu, dalam tajuk pengukuran dan peralatan akan dibincangkan mengenai pengukuran


101

keradioaktifan, pembilangan Geiger, pembilangan sintilasi dan spektrometri gama,

pengesan gas dan semikonduktor, pembilangan sampel dan seluruh tubuh, pengimbas

radioisotop, kamera gama dan pemilihan parameter operasi dan peralatan. Dalam tajuk radiofarmaseutikal pula akan dibincangkan mengenai penghasilan nuklid radioaktif,

radiofarmaseutikal, kemudahan makmal dan prosedurnya, dan keselamatan di dalam

jabatan perubatan nuklear.

Bacaan Asas Faires, R.A. & Boswell. 1981. Radioisotope Laboratory Techniques. 4

th Ed. London:

Butterworths.

Hobbie, R.K. 1988. Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology. 2nd

Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Parker, R.P., Smith, P.H.S. & Taylor, D.M. 1984. Basic Science of Nuclear Medicine.

Edisi ke-2. New York: Churchill Livingstone. Supian Bin Samat & Evans, C.J. 1992. Statistics and Nuclear Counting-Theory, Problems

and Solutions. Serdang: Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Press.

Rachel, A., Powsner, M. & Powsner, E.R. 1998. Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Physics. London: Blackwell Science Inc.

STSP6713 Mekanik Statistik Kursus ini membincangkan topic tentang ensembel statistik (mikrokanonik, kanonik dan

kanonik gedang serta ensembel campuran), fungsi partisi dan tenaga bebas bagi jenis-jenis

ensembel ini dan kegunaannya untuk menghasilkan kuantiti termodinamik. Fungsi Mayer

dan beberapa model bendalir menggunakan persamaan hyperjaring berantai. Teorem fluktuasi-dissipasi. Model ising dalam 2 dan 3-dimensi. Transisi fasa dan pencirian

menggunakan model Ising. Model Landau-Ginsburg diaplikasikan kepada sistem magnet,

hablur cecair dan pepejal. Superbendalir, superkonduksian dan kondensat Bose-Einstein. Aplikasi termodinamik dalam serakan sinar-X dan serakan-cahaya, mekanik statistik

sistem nanbahan dan membrane cecair.

Bacaan Asas Baracca, A. Livi, R. & Ruffio, S. 2002. Statistical Mechanics: Foundations, Problems,

Perspectives. World Scientific.

Bowley, R. & Sanchez, M. 2000. Introductory Statistical Mechanics. 2nd

Ed. Oxford University Press.

Glazer, A. M. & Wark, J. S. 2002. Statistical Mechanics: A Survival Guide. Oxford

University Press. Debashish Chowdhury & Dietrich Stauffer. 2000. Principles of Equilibrium Dalvit,

Statistical Mechanics. Wiley-VCH.

Frastal, D. A. R. J. & Lawrie, I. D. 2000. Problems in Statistical Mechanics. IOP Press. STSP6723 Pengenalan Teori Dinamik Tak linear Kursus ini memperkenalkan teori dinamik tak linear dalam beberapa sistem fizik dan kejuruteraan. Ia dimulakan dengan sistem tak linear, kekalutan, kesemestaan kekalutan dan

dinamik dalam ruang keadaan bagi satu, dua dan tiga dimensi. Dibincangkan juga peta


102

terlelar, kuasi-keberkalaan, sistem Hamilton dan pengiraan kekalutan. Konsep-konsep

khusus yang akan dibincangkan termasuklah model Lorenz, nombor Feigenbaum, keswa-

serupaan, penskalaan, matriks Jacobian, penarik, keratan Poincare, eksponen Lyapunov, dimensi fraktal dan dimensi korelasi.

Bacaan Asas Hilborn, R. C. 2000. Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics: An Introduction for Scientists and

Engineers. 2nd

Ed. UK: Oxford University Press.

Kapitaniak, T. 1996. Controlling Chaos. New York: Academic Press.

Ott, E. 2002. Chaos in Dynamical Systems. 2nd

Ed. UK: Cambridge University Press. Strogatz, S. H. 2001. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With Applications to Physics,

Biology, Chemistry and Engineering. Colorado: Perseus Books.

McCauley, J. L. 1993. Chaos, Dynamics and Fractals: An Algorithmic Approach to Deterministic Chaos. UK: Cambridge University Press.

STSP6733 Fluktuasi dalam Sistem Fizik Kursus ini memperkenalkan teori fluktuasi dalam pelbagai sistem fizik, serta penggunaan teori tersebut dalam menyelesaikan beberapa masalah fizik. Kursus ini akan dimulakan

dengan perbincangan mengenai asas statistik dan kebarangkalian. Seterusnya akan

dianalisis beberapa contoh fluktuasi - terma, elektrik dan kimia. Kemudiannya diajar teori fluktuasi lanjutan - teorem Nyquist serta kegunaannya, teorem fluktuasi-disipasi, model

proses resapan dan persamaan dinamik resapan, fluktuasi kuantum, fluktuasi vakum, dan

mekanik stokastik sebagai formulasi laternatif kepada mekanik kuantum.

Bacaan Asas Doering, C.R., Kiss, L.B. & Shesinger, M.F. (pnyt.). 1997. Unsolved Problems of Noise in

Physics, Biology, Electronic Technology and Information Technology. Singapore: World Scientific.

Kogan, S. 1996. Electronic Noises and Fluctuations in Solids. Cambridge: Cambridge

Univ. Press. Pecseli, H.L. 2000. Fluctuation in Physical Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

van der Ziel, A. 1986. Noise in Solid State Devices and Circuits. New York: John Wiley &

Sons.

van Kampen, N.G. 1981. Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry. Amsterdam: North Holland.

STSP6743 Fizik Angkasa (Prasyarat: Elektromagnetisme, astronomi and astrofizik)

Dalam kursus ini, pelajar akan diperkenalkan kepada jirim berplasma yang memenuhi ruang angkasa dan kejadian semulajadi yang melibatkannya. Pelajar akan difahamkan

tentang beberapa teori yang digunakan untuk menghurai dan meramal tabii‟ plasma,

khususnya ciri-ciri elektromagnetiknya yang unik, kemudian akan menggunapakai teori-

teori ini untuk menerangkan sifat jasad dan kejadian astrofizika yang melibatkan jirim berplasma. Pelajar juga akan didedahkan kepada peranan teknologi dalam menyelidiki


103

persekitaran berplasma di angkasa lepas, khususnya pengesanan gelombang dan zarah

yang berpunca dari angkasa lepas dan menimpa permukaan Bumi. Akhir sekali, satu

tinjauan ringkas berkenaan perundangan dan polisi angkasa lepas akan diberikan, selain kupasan beberapa contoh isu bersifat geopolitik, undang-undang dan etika melibatkan

penggunaan angkasa lepas secara aman dan berhemah.

Bacaan Asas Harra L. K., Keith O Mason. 2004. Space Science. London: Imperial College Press

Kivelson M. G. , Russel C. T. 1995. Introduction to space physics. Cambridge University

Press. Baumjohann W., Treumann R. A. 1996. Basic space plasma physics. London : Imperial

College Press

Hale Bradt. 2004. Astronomy Methods: A Physics Approach to Astronomical Observation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press

Kulsrud R. M. 2005. Plasma physics for astrophysics. Princeton. Princeton University

Press

STSP6753 Fizik Pengimejan Moden Kursus ini membincangkan teori dan konsep fizik bagi pengimejan moden dalam bidang-

bidang aplikasi yang berbeza. Ia memperkenalkan dua gelombang pengimejan, iaitu gelombang elektromagnet dan gelombang bunyi (akustik); dengan mengambil kira sifat-

sifat gelombang dan zarah serta kesan kuantum yang berkaitan. Penghasilan, pemfokusan,

pengesanan dan pembentukan imej akan dibincangkan berasaskan sifat-sifat ini. Kemudiannya, akan ditinjau peralatan pengimejan yang berbeza dan penggunaannya

dalam bidang-bidang astronomi, perubatan, dan industri dan sains. Akhirnya,

diperkenalkan beberapa teknik pemprosesan imej digital bagi imej yang telah dihasilkan.

Bacaan Asas Gonzalez, R. C. 1992. Digital Image Processing. 3

rd Ed. New York: Addison-Wesley.

Jain, A.K. 1998. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. McLean, I. 1997. Electronic Imaging in Astronomy: Detectors and Instrumentation.

Chichester, UK: John Wiley.

Sanchez, J. & Canton, M. P. 1999. Space Image Processing. New York: CRC Press.

Sprawls, P. 1993. Physical Principles of Medical Imaging. 2nd

Ed. Madison: Medical Physics Publ.

STSP6773 Modifikasi Kimia Kayu Kursus ini membincangkan tentang pengenalan kepada sifat-sifat asli kayu dan kaedah

modifikasi untuk mengubah sifat-sifat tersebut. Kursus ini juga membincangkan tentang

keburukan dan masalah kayu seperti perubahan dimensi yang disebabkan oleh keadaan atmosfera, serangan serangga dan perubahan fizikal yang disebabkan oleh cuaca. Kesemua

ini akan menghadkan potensi penggunaan kayu. Beberapa kaedah modifikasi serta contoh

yang sesuai turut akan dibincangkan, seperti modifikasi kimia, modifikasi terma,

modifikasi permukaan, dan modifikasi impregnasi. Beberapa contoh produk kayu termodifikasi yang telah dikomersial juga akan dibincang.


104

Bacaan Asas Boding, J. & Jayne, B.A. 1993. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Florida:

Kriegler Publ. Co Hill, C.A.S. 2006. Wood Modification Chemical, Thermal and Other Processes.

Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Hons, D.N.S. & Shiraishi, N. 1998. Wood and Cellulose Chemistry. New York: Marcel and Dekker

Lewin, M. & Goldstein, I. 1991. Wood Structure and Composotion. New York: Marcel

Dekker Inc.

STSP6783 Kimia Kertas Kursus ini akan memperkenalkan bahagian yang penting dalam proses pembuatan kertas

yang melibatkan konsep kimia. Dalam proses pembentukan helaian kertas daripada kayu dan pulpa, proses yang terlibat merangkumi banyak tindak balas kimia. Semasa proses

pempulpaan untuk menghasilkan pulpa dari sumber tumbuhan, dan pelunturan untuk

mengingkirkan lignin, melibatkan banyak pengetahuan tentang kimia terutamanya untuk menghasilkan produk yang sesuai dengan penggunaan akhirnya. Proses pembentukan

kertas boleh dimanipulasikan oleh jumlah cas gentian di mana kimia permukaan dan

koloid, dan analisis kimia memainkan peranan yang penting juga akan dibincang. Kursus ini memperkenalkan penggunaan pembantu retensi dan agen sizing untuk memodifikasi

sifat kertas. Konsep pengukuran cas gentian seperti zeta potential, pentitratan

conductometric dan potentiometric turut akan dibincang dalam kursus ini.

Bacaan Asas Casey, J. P. 1983. Chemistry and Chemical Technology of Pulp and Paper. Vol I-IV. New

York: Interscience.

Robert, J. C. 1996. The Chemistry of Paper. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry. Sixta, H. 2006. Handbook of Pulp. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.

Smook, G. A. 2002. Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists. Vancouver: Angus

Wilde Publications. Smook, G. A. M. 1986. Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologist. Atlanta: TAPPI.

STSP6972 Projek Penyelidikan I Kursus ini bertujuan melatih pelajar mengkaji satu bidang tertentu menerusi pembacaan dan kajian sendiri secara terarah. Pelajar dikehendaki menyediakan satu laporan imbauan

satu tajuk penyelidikan yang dipilih, dan menyediakan satu cadangan penyelidikan untuk

dijalankan dalam kursus STSP6986 Projek Penyelidikan II.





Publication.

Hafriza Burhanudeen (Editor). 2005. The UKM Style Guide. Graduate Studies Centre, UKM.


105


Palya, W. L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. 5th Ed. Jacksonville. Alabama

STSP6986 Projek Penyelidikan II Kursus ini bertujuan menawarkan pelajar untuk mendapat pengalaman menjalankan

penyelidikan satu tajuk tertentu yang diminati dibawah bimbingan seorang atau kumpulan

penyelia. Penyelidikan dapat dijalankan secara eksperimen atau analitik. Pelajar

dikehendaki menyediakan satu laporan ilmiah mengenai hasil penyelidikan itu dan mempertahankan secara lisan.





Publication. Hafriza Burhanudeen (Editor). 2005. The UKM Style Guide. Graduate Studies Centre,

UKM.



SARJANA SAINS (KESELAMATAN SINARAN DAN

NUKLEAR)

Pengenalan Program ini adalah berdasarkan kepada penilaian berterusan semua kursus yang diberi.

Bagi kerja-kerja amali, pelajar diwajibkan menghantar laporan makmal. Seminar dan

lawatan industri (walaupun tidak dikira unitnya) adalah wajib. Program ini ditawarkan secara sepenuh masa sahaja dan hanya ditawarkan sekali dalam setiap sesi pengajian.

Objektif Program i. Untuk menyediakan dan mengeluarkan modal insan yang kompeten, tenaga mahir dan

profesional dalam bidang keselamatan sinaran dan nuklear sejajar dengan

pembangunan pesat teknologi sinaran dan nuklear dalam sektor industri, perubatan dan kesihatan di seluruh dunia.

ii. Menyediakan wahana bagi meningkatkan kecemerlangan akademik di dalam bidang

keselamatan sinaran dan nuklear.

iii. Menjadikan Malaysia sebagai satu hub pendidikan tinggi dalam bidang keselamatan sinaran dan nuklear.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang ingin memohon mengikuti program Sarjana Sains (Keselamatan Sinaran dan

Nuklear) mestilah mempunyai kelayakan berikut:-


106

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan purata nilai gred yang baik atau yang setara

dengannya yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;

atau b) Diploma Siswazah Perlindungan Sinaran dari UKM dengan PNGK 3.0 ke atas;

atau

c) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dan mempunyai

kelayakan lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.

OBJEKTIF PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Melahirkan graduan yang menguasai ilmu dan kemahiran bidang Keselamatan

Sinaran dan Nuklear.

OPP2: Melahirkan graduan yang bersikap profesional dan beretika. OPP3: Melahirkan graduan yang memenuhi keperluan Negara dan masyarakat;

OPP4: Melahirkan graduan yang mampu berkomunikasi dengan baik dalam Bahasa

Melayu dan Inggeris.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM(HPP)

HPP1: Menguasai ilmu Keselamatan Sinaran dan Nuklear ke tahap sarjana. HPP2: Memperolehi kompetensi teknikal yang mendalam dalam pelbagai bidang

Keselamatan Sinaran dan Nuklear.

HPP3: Berkebolehan menggunakan kaedah saintifik, termasuk dalam merekabentuk ujikaji, menganalisis serta menginterpretasi data.

HPP4: Berkebolehan dalam mengenalpasti masalah dan formulasi penyelesaian dalam

bidang Keselamatan Sinaran dan Nuklear.

HPP5: Mampu berkomunikasi dengan berkesan secara lisan dan tulisan dengan komuniti saintifik di peringkat tempatan dan antarbangsa.



sepanjang hayat sebagai profesional keselamatan sinaran dan nuklear.

HPP8: Memahami dan mengamal etika sains.

HPP9: Memiliki pengetahuan asas keseluruhan dan pengurusan hasil penyelidikan bagi pembangunan, pengkormesialan, kelestarian masyarakat dan alam sekitar.

Struktur Program Calon yang mengikuti program ini dikehendaki mengikuti struktur kurikulum di mana

ianya mengandungi 46 jam kredit. Pelajar wajib lulus kesemua 46 jam kredit untuk

dianugerahkan Sarjana dan tertakluk kepada Peraturan Pengajian Siswazah Untuk Program Sarjana (lihat dalam Peraturan Pengajian Siswazah dan Jadual kepada Peraturan Pengajian

Siswazah terbitan Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah, UKM.


107

SEMESTER KURSUS WAJIB PROGRAM JUMLAH

I


STSN6012 Salingtindak Sinaran dengan Jirim

STSN6132 Kawalan Pengaturan STSN6212 Kuantiti dan Pengukuran

STSN6312 Kesan Sinaran Mengion ke atas Sistem

Biologi

STSN6422 Prinsip Perlindungan Sinaran STSN6614 Amali I

STSN6972 Projek Penyelidikan I

20

II

STSN6052 Campurtangan bagi Perlindungan Awam Awam

STSN6142 Kejuruteraan Sekitaran Kuasa Nuklear Nuklear

STSN6222 Penilaian Dedahan Dalaman

STSN6322 Keselamatan Nuklear, Sekuriti dan Kawal Gunaan

STSN6412 Pengurusan Sisa Radioaktif

STSN6512 Dedahan dalam Perubatan STSN6522 Kaedah Perlindungan Dedahan Pekerjaan

STSN6624 Amali II

STSN6986 Projek Penyelidikan II

24

JUMLAH JAM KREDIT 44

Kursus Yang Ditawarkan

STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan STSN6012 Salingtindak Sinaran dengan Jirim

STSN6052 Campurtangan bagi Perlindungan Awam

STSN6132 Kawalan Pengaturan

STSN6142 Kejuruteraan Sekitaran Kuasa Nuklear STSN6212 Kuantiti dan Pengukuran

STSN6222 Penilaian Dedahan Dalaman

STSN6312 Kesan Sinaran Mengion ke atas Sistem Biologi STSN6322 Keselamatan Nuklear, Sekuriti dan Kawal Gunaan

STSN6412 Pengurusan Sisa Radioaktif

STSN6422 Prinsip Perlindungan Sinaran STSN6512 Dedahan dalam Perubatan

STSN6522 Kaedah Perlindungan Dedahan Pekerjaan

STSN6614 Amali I

STSN6624 Amali II STSN6972 Projek Penyelidikan I

STSN6986 Projek Penyelidikan II


108

Kandungan Kursus

STSN6012 Salingtindak Sinaran dengan Jirim

Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memberi asas mengenai fizik nuklear dan perkara-perkara yang

berkaitan dengannya. Asas tersebut merangkumi pengenalan kepada perlindungan sinaran dan keselamatan sumber sinaran. Ini termasuk asas fizik dan matematik, salingtindak

sinaran dan jirim dan sumber sinaran serta pengukuran dan pengesanan zarah kuantum.

Bacaan Asas Cember, H. 2000. Introduction to Health Physics. 3

rd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Knoll, G.F. 1979. Radiation Detection and Measurements. New York: John Wiley. Krane, K.S. 1988. Introduction to Nuclear Physics. New York: John Wiley.

Lyon, L. 1986. Statistics for Nuclear and Particle Physics. UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Martin, J. 2000. Physics for Radiation Protection. New York:Wiley-Interscience

Publication.

STSN6052 Campurtangan bagi Perlindungan Awam Kursus ini bertujuan untuk melahirkan kesedaran, akibat daripada dedahan kronik, kemalangan radiologi dan nuklear. Ia turut merangkumi konsep asas dalam prosedur

kecemasan, penilaian dan pemantuan dalam situasi kemalangan nuklear dan radiologi.

Bacaan Asas Byrnes, M.E., King, D. A. & Tierno, P.M. 2003. Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological

Terrorism: Emergency Response and Public Protection. CRC Publications.

IAEA. 1989. IAEA Safety Series No. 91 - Emergency Planning and Preparedness for

Accidents Involving Radioactive Materials Used in Medicine, Industry, Research and Training. Vienna: IAEA.

IAEA. 1993. A Model National Emergency Response Plan for Radiological Accidents,

IAEA-TECDOC-718. Vienna: IAEA. Johns, H.E. & Cunningham, J.R.1983. The Physics for Radiology. Illinois: Charles

Thomas Pub.

Martin, A & Horbison, A.S. 1979. An Introduction to Radiation Protection. Chapman and Hall.

Swindon, T.N. 1987. Manual on the Medical Management of Individuals Involved in

Radiation Accident, Australian Radiation Lab.

STSN6132 Kawalan Pengaturan Kursus ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan skop rangka kerja asas perundangan serta

badan penguatkuasaan dalam perlindungan sinaran. Disamping itu ia turut merangkumi program pengaturan yang berkesan dalam perlindungan sinaran.

Bacaan Asas IAEA. 1989. Safety Series No. 91. Emergency Planning and Preparedness for Accidents

Involving Radioactive Materials Used in Medicine, Industry, Research and Training.

Vienna: IAEA.


109

IAEA. 1999. IAEA-TECDOC-1113. Safety Assessments Plans for Authorisation and

Inspection of Radiation Sources. Vienna: IAEA.

IAEA. 2000. Legal and Governmental Infrastructure for Nuclear, Radiation, Radioactive Waste and Transport Safety, Safety Standards Series No. GSR-1. IAEA. Vienna.

IAEA. 2001. Safety Standards Series RS.G-1.4. Building Competence in Radiation

Protection and the Safe Use of Radiation Sources. Vienna: IAEA.

Wade, H. L. 2004. Basic and Advanced Regulatory Control: Design and Application. ISA Publications.

STSN6142 Kejuruteraan Sekitaran Kuasa Nuklear Kursus ini meliputi kesan sekitaran kuasa nuklear dan sinaran. Kaedah penilaian radiologi dan pencirian berbagai sumber sinaran dibincang melalui analisa. Pengurusan efluen cecair

dan sebaran gas nuklid radioaktif serta pengangkutan atau pindahan radioaktiviti melalui

air dipermukaan, dibawah tanah dan biosfera dibincangkan. Akhir sekali model jejak sekitaran di bincang dan dibandingkan.

Bacaan Asas IAEA. 1996. IAEA, FAO, ILO, OECD, PAHO, WHO. 1996. Safety Series no 115.

International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for

the Safety of Radiation Sources. Vienna: IAEA.

IAEA and ILO. 1999. Safety Standards Series no. RS-G-1.3. Assessment of Occupational

Exposure due to External Sources of Radiation. Vienna: IAEA. IAEA.2004. Assessment of Occupational Exposure due to External Source of Radiation.

Vienna: IAEA.

ICRU. 1993. Report No.51. Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. ICRU. 1998. Report No. 60. Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation.

STSN6212 Kuantiti dan Pengukuran Kursus ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan tentang kuantiti dosimetri dan perkiraan dosimetri. Ia turut memperkenalkan berbagai jenis pengesan, prinsip operasi, ciri-cirinya

dan kekangan yang terlibat. Disamping itu ia turut membincang tentang pilihan pengesan

yang sesuai dalam bidang sinaran serta kuantiti dosimetri yang terlibat.

Bacaan Asas Attix, F.H. 1986. Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry. New

York: John Wiley.

Graham, D. T. & Cloke, P. 2003. Principal of Radiological Physics. New York: Churchill

Livingstone Publications.

ICRU.1993. Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. ICRU, MD Bethesda.

ICRU. 1998. Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionising Radiation. ICRU, MD

Bethesda. Knoll, G.T. 2000. Radiation Detection and Measurement. 3

rd Ed. New York: Wiley.


110

STSN6222 Penilaian Dedahan Dalaman Kursus ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan penilaian dedahan perkerjaan kerana

kemasukan radionuklid. Turut dibincangkan adalah Model Biokinetik yang diguna oleh ICRP, kalibrasi dan jaminan kualiti. Ia juga bertujuan untuk melatih pelajar meramalkan

dos akibat dari dedahan dalaman.

Bacaan Asas IAEA. 1996. IAEA, FAO, ILO, OECD, PAHO, WHO. 1996. Safety Series no 115.

International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for

the Safety of Radiation Sources. Vienna: IAEA. IAEA & ILO. 1999. Safety Standards Series no. RS-G-1.3. Assessment of Occupational

Exposure due to External Sources of Radiation. IAEA. Vienna.

IAEA.2004. Assessment of Occupational Exposure due to External Source of Radiation. Vienna: IAEA.

ICRU. 1993. Report no.51. Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry.

ICRU. 1998. Report no. 60. Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation.

STSN6312 Kesan Sinaran Mengion ke atas Sistem Biologi Kursus ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan mekanisma berbagai jenis kesan biologi yang

terdedah kepada sinaran mengion. Ia juga bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan model-model yang digunakan dalam menentukan pekali risiko dalam meramalkan akibat. Ini termasuk

kesan sinaran pada aras molekul dan sel, kesan penentu dan stokastik somatik, kesan

stokastik warisan dan sebagainya. Bacaan Asas Dahlgraad, H. (Editor). 1994. Nordic Radioecology- The Transfer of Radionuclides

Through Nordic Ecosystems to Man. Elsevier, Amsterdam. IAEA. 1998. Safety Reports Series no. 2. Diagnosis and Treatment of Radiation Injuries.

Vienna: IAEA.

Pattenden, N. J. 2003. Introduction to Radioecology. Springer-Verlag. Schultz, V. & F.W Whicker. 1982. Radioecological Techniques. New York and London:

Plenum Press.

United Nations. 1994. Report to the General Assembly. Sources and Effects of Ionizing

Radiation. Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) UN. New York.

STSN6322 Keselamatan Nuklear, Sekuriti dan Kawalan Gunaan Kursus ini digubal khusus untuk meningkatkan kesedaran pelajar terhadap pelbagai aspek keselamatan nuklear, sekuriti dan kawalgunaan. Kursus ini memberi pendedahan tentang

perlindungan fizikal bahan nuklear dan kemudahan terlibat, pengesanan dan tindakbalas,

prinsip kawalgunaan, perhitungan bahan nuklear kawalguan menyeluruh, pemantauan termasuk satelit dan undang-undang antarabangsa.


111

Bacaan Asas IAEA. 2004. Regulatory Control of Radiation Sources. Safety Guide No GS-G1.5. 2004.

IAEA. 2003. Security of Radioactive Sources. IAEA-TecDoc. 1355. 2003 IAEA. 2004. Strengthening Control Over Radioactive Sources in Authorized Us and

Regaining Control Over Orphan Sources.

IAEA. 2005. Nuclear Security, Global Directions for the Future. Proceedings of

International Conference. London. March 2005. IAEA. 2003. Nuclear Safety Review 2002. IAEA Publication.

STSN6412 Pengurusan Sisa Radioaktif Kursus ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan bagaimana orang awam terdedah kepada

sinaran, akibat daripada amalan dan kaedah untuk menentukan dos. Ia turut merangkumi

sumber dedahan kepada orang awam, tanggungjawab sesebuah organisasi dan kaedah pengangkutan bahan radioaktif serta pengurusan sisa radioaktif.

Bacaan Asas IAEA. 1995. IAEA TECDOC -804- Methods to Identify and Locate Spent Radiation

Sources. Vienna: IAEA. IAEA. 1999. IAEA Training Course series no. 1- Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials.

Vienna: IAEA.

ICRP. 1991. Recommendations of the International Commission of Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 60, 1990.

ICRP. 2000. Protection of the Public in Situations of Prolonged Radiation Exposures,

ICRP Publication 82. 2000. Kieffer, J. 1990. Biological Radiation Effects. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

STSN6422 Prinsip Perlindungan Sinaran Kursus ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan tentang rangkakerja asas dan peranan ICRP serta lain-lain agensi yang terlibat seperti Agensi Tenaga Atom Antarabangsa, IAEA,

Pertubuhan Buruh Antarabangsa (ILO), Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO),

Pertubuhan Makanan dan Pertanian Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (FAO), Agensi Tenaga Nuklear OECD (NEA/OECD), Pertubuhan Kesihatan Se Amerika (PAHO) dalam

perlindungan sinaran.

Bacaan Asas IAEA. 1997. Safety Report Series No. 1 - Examples of Safety Culture Practices.

International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna: IAEA.

ICRP. 1991. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological

Protection, Publication No.60, Ann. ICRP 21 1-3, Pergamon Press. Oxford and New York.

ICRU. 1993. Report no 51. Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry.

International Atomic Energy Agency. Shapiro, J. 2002. Radiation Protection: A Guide for Scientists and Physicians. Harvard

Univ. Press.


112

UNSCEAR. 1994. Reports to the General Assembly. Sources and Effects of Ionizing

Radiation. International Atomic Energy Agency.

STSN6512 Dedahan dalam Perubatan Kursus ini bertujuan membincangkan skop, tanggungjawab dan justifikasi dedahan dalam

perubatan. Ia turut menjelaskan konsep perkiraan dos kepada pesakit dan prosedur jaminan

mutu serta cara pengoptimuman dedahan dalam perubatan. Disamping itu ia juga

membincangkan tentang kes-kes kemalangan dedahan dalam perubatan yang telah berlaku

Bacaan Asas Attix, F.H. 1986. Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry. John

Wiley & Sons.

Ball, J. & Moore, A.D.1998. Essential Physics for Radiographers. Blackwell Science Inc.

Knoll,G.F. 1979. Radiation Detection and Measurement. John Wiley & Sons. Sharp, C., Schrimpton, J. A. & Bury, R.F. 2000. Diagnostic Medical Exposures. NRPB

Publications.

Wagner, G. 1995. Principles of Nuclear Medicines. Philadelphia, USA: Saunders Publ.

STSN6522 Kaedah Perlindungan Dedahan Pekerjaan Kursus ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan organisasi dan pengurusan, pemantauan

individu dan tempat kerja. Ia turut merangkumi perlindungan terhadap dedahan pekerjaan di industri radiografi, industri penyinar, pemecut, peranti-peranti tolok, penyurih, peranti-

peranti penggorek, loji pengeluaran radioisotop serta perubatan nuklear. Ia juga bertujuan

untuk mendedahkan pelajar kepada program perlindungan sinaran yang diamalkan.

Bacaan Asas Halmshaw, R. 1982. Industrial Radiography; Theory and Practice. Elsevier.

IAEA. 1995. Safety Series no. 111-F. The Principles of Radioactive Waste management.

International Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna: IAEA. IAEA. 2001. Draft Safety Guide - Occupational Radiation Protection. International

Atomic Energy Agency. Vienna: IAEA.

ICRP. 1997. Protection from Potential Exposures: Application to Selected Radiation Sources, Publication No. 76, Ann. ICRP 27 2, Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford.

Rao, R., Majali, S., Despande, S. & Murthy, K. 1984. Industrial Applications of

Radioisotopes and Radiation. John Wiley Publication.

STSN6614 Amali I Kursus ini melibatkan amali dan demonstrasi setiap jenis pemantau mudahalih bagi sinaran

, , dan n dan penerangan penggunaan masing-masing, penggunaan manual kelengkapan, penentuan ciri-ciri pengesan GM, penentuan aras latarbelakang sinaran. Ia turut merangkumi pengukuran aras sinaran beta bagi sampel pemancar beta dan penentuan

kecekapan total, kalibrasi spektrometer sintilasi gama dalam sebutan tenaga dan aktivit. Ia

turut melibatkan analisis spektrum gama kompleks menggunakan pengesan

semikonduktor, kalibrasi sistem spektrometri alfa dalam sebutan tenaga dan aktiviti, pengesanan neutron dan spektrometri menggunakan pengesan BF3 serta sfera moderator

polietilina.


113

Bacaan Asas Annual Book ASTM Standards. 1992. Nuclear, Solar and Geothermal Energy.

Philadelphia: American Society for testing and Materials. Faires, R.A. & Boswell, G.G.J. 1981. Radioisotopes Laboratory Techniques. Edisi ke-4.

London: Butterworth Publication.

IAEA. 1998. IAEA Draft Safety Report, 1998 - Training courses in Radiation Protection

Dosimetry. Knoll G.F. 1989. Radiation Detection and Measurement. New York. John Wiley & Sons.

Tait, W.H. 1980. Radiation Detection. London: Butterworth Publication.

STSN6624 Amali II Kursus ini melibatkan amali termasuk penyediaan suatu carta organisasi dan menekankan

program perlindungan sinaran di hospital (radioterapi, radiologi diagnostik dan perubatan nuklear) dan di dalam kemudahan industri (radiografi industri atau irradiator). Ia juga

merangkumi pengiraan pemerisaian untuk kemudahan Sinar-X, penggunaan prinsip

ALARA, ujian kebocoran punca-punca terkedap dan penggunaan peralatan perlindungan

personnel. Ia turut merangkumi pemonitoran tempat kerja bagi pencemaran permukaan dan udara dan penggunaan pengukuran alfa dan beta kasar dan spektrometri.

Bacaan Asas Annual Book ASTM Standards. 1992. Nuclear, Solar and Geothermal Energy.

Philadelphia: American Society for testing and Materials.

Faires, R.A. & Boswell, G.G.J. 1981. Radioisotopes Laboratory Techniques. Edisi ke-4. London: Butterworth Publication.

IAEA. 1998. IAEA Draft Safety Report, 1998 - Training courses in Radiation Protection

Dosimetry.

Knoll G.F.1989. Radiation Detection and Measurement. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Tait, W.H.1980. Radiation Detection. London: Butterworth Publication

STSN6972 Projek Penyelidikan I Kursus ini bertujuan melatih pelajar mengkaji satu bidang tertentu dalam bidang perlindungan sinaran menerusi pembacaan dan kajian sendiri secara terarah. Pelajar

dikehendakki menyediakan satu laporan imbauan satu tajuk penyelidikan yang dipilih, dan

menyediakan satu cadangan penyelidikan untuk dijalankan dalam kursus STSN6986 Projek Penyelidikan II.

Bacaan Asas Day, R. A. 1998. How to write & publish a Scientific Paper. 5




Publication.

Ismail Ahmad. 1996. Penulisan Saintifik. Kuala Lumpur. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Palya, W. L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. 5

th Ed. Jacksonville. Alabama

PPS. 2005. Panduan Menulis Tesis Gaya UKM. Edisi Kelapan. Penerbit UKM.


114

STSN6986 Projek Penyelidikan II Kursus ini bertujuan menawarkan pelajar untuk mendapat pengalaman menjalankan

penyelidikan satu tajuk tertentu yang diminati dibawah bimbingan seorang atau kumpulan penyelia. Penyelidikan dapat dijalankan secara eksperimen atau analitik. Pelajar

dikehendaki menyediakan satu laporan ilmiah mengenai hasil penyelidikan itu dan

mempertahankan secara lisan.

Bacaan Asas Day, R. A. 1998. How to write & publish a Scientific Paper. 5



Ed. London: An Arnold Publication.



PPS. 2005. Panduan Menulis Tesis Gaya UKM. Edisi Kelapan. Bangi: Penerbit UKM.

SARJANA SAINS (PENGURUSAN KESELAMATAN INDUSTRI) - EKSEKUTIF

Pengenalan UKM merupakan universiti pelopor dalam bidang ini sejak tahun 1999. Bidang-bidang

ilmu teras yang penting dalam program ini ialah sistem pengurusan keselamatan pekerjaan, penaksiran hazard dan risiko, keselamatan kebakaran dan bahan letupan, ergonomik,

psikologi industri dan organisasi, keselamatan kimia dan sinaran, keselamatan elektrik dan

mekanik, keselamatan alam sekitar dan biologi serta undang-undang industri dan alam

sekitar.

Semua kandungan kursus disampaikan kepada pelajar menerusi perkuliahan, amali, kerja

lapangan, lawatan industri dan projek penyelidikan. Penilaian kursus dijalankan secara peperiksaan dan kuiz, tugasan, laporan amali, laporan kerja lapangan, laporan projek

penyelidikan dan pembentangan lisan. Program ini ditawarkan secara mod eksekutif

sahaja dan hanya ditawarkan sekali dalam setiap sesi pengajian.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang ingin memohon mengikuti program Sarjana Sains (Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri) mestilah mempunyai kelayakan berikut: -

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan PNGK 2.7 dalam bidang Sains, Teknologi dan

Kejuruteraan dari UKM atau kelulusan yang setaraf dengannya yang diiktiraf oleh

Senat;

atau

b) Diploma Siswazah Pengurusan Keselamatan Industri dari UKM serta memperolehi

keputusan peperiksaan dengan PNGK 3.0 ke atas


115


OPP 1: Menghasilkan graduan yang mempunyai sahsiah dan akhlak terpuji OPP 2: Menghasilkan graduan yang berketerampilan

OPP 3: Menghasilkan graduan yang mampu mengamalkan ilmu pengurusan keselamatan

industri secara saintifik

OPP 4: Menghasilkan graduan yang profesional dan dapat memenuhi tuntutan pembangunan di zamannya.


HPP1: Menunjukkan kepakaran dalam bidang keselamatan industri.

HPP2: Mengaplikasi kemahiran pratikal dalam bidang keselamatan industri. HPP3: Mengaitkan idea dan kepakaran terhadap isu semasa masyarakat.

HPP4: Menjalankan penyelidikan dengan penyeliaan minimum serta patuh kepada

perundangan, etika dan kod amalan profesional.

HPP5: Menunjukkan kualiti kepimpinan melalui komunikasi dan kerjasama berkesan dikalangan rakan dan pihak berkepentingan.

HPP6: Menghasilkan penyelesaian kepada permasalahan menggunakan kemahiran saintifik dan pemikiran kritikal.

HPP7: Mengurus maklumat berkaitan untuk pembelajaran sepanjang hayat.

Struktur Program Program ini hanya ditawarkan secara mod eksekutif dan dijalankan mengikut sistem

semester, iaitu 3 semester dilaksanakan pada setiap hujung minggu. Pelajar dikehendaki

mengikuti kursus teras yang secara keseluruhannya membawa 40 jam kredit NCH.

SEMESTER KURSUS WAJIB PROGRAM JUMLAH

I

Z1LK 6023

Mengenalpasti Hazard dan Penaksiran Risiko

Z1LK 6033

Pengurusan Keselamatan Pekerjaan Z1LK 6063

Pencegahan Kebakaran, Letupan dan Pelepasan

Bahan Toksik

9

II

Z1LK 6013

Undang- undang Industri dan Alam Sekitar

Z1LK 6043

Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi Lanjutan Z1LK 6053

Pengurusan Kesihatan Pekerjaan

Z1LK 6073 Ergonomik

Z1LK 6014

16


116

Projek Penyelidikan 1

III

Z1LK 6123

Pengurusan Keselamatan Elektrik dan Mekanik

Z1LK 6173 Pengurusan Keselamatan Kimia dan Sinaran

Z1LK 6193

Pengurusan Keselamatan Alam Sekitar dan Biologi Z1LK 6016

Projek Penyelidikan 2

15

JUMLAH JAM KREDIT 40


Z1LK 6013 Undang- undang Industri dan Alam Sekitar

Z1LK 6023 Mengenalpasti Hazard dan Penaksiran Risiko

Z1LK 6033 Pengurusan Keselamatan Pekerjaan Z1LK 6043 Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi Lanjutan

Z1LK 6053 Pengurusan Kesihatan Pekerjaan

Z1LK 6063 Pencegahan Kebakaran, Letupan dan Pelepasan Bahan Toksik

Z1LK 6073 Ergonomik Z1LK 6123 Pengurusan Keselamatan Elektrik dan Mekanik

Z1LK 6173 Pengurusan Keselamatan Kimia dan Sinaran

Z1LK 6193 Pengurusan Keselamatan Alam Sekitar dan Biologi Z1LK 6014 Projek Penyelidikan 1

Z1LK 6016 Projek Penyelidikan 2

Kandungan Kursus

Z1LK 6013 Undang- undang Industri dan Alam Sekitar Kursus ini membincangkan aspek perundangan berkaitan kesihatan dan keselamatan di tempat kerja. Sebelum membincangkan peruntukan perundangan yang berkaitan, pelajar

akan didedahkan dengan pengenalan kepada system perundangan Malaysia secara umum.

Tanggungjawab majikan dan perkerja berhubung dengan keselamatan ditempat kerja turut dibincangkan. Aspek perundangan alam sekitar juga akan disampaikan kepada pelajar.

Bacaan Asas Ahmad Ibrahim & Ahilemah Joned. 1995. The Malaysian Legal System (2nd. edition).

Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Francis McManus 1994, Environmental Health Law, Blackstone, London.

IT. Smith & J.C. Wood, 1986, Industrial Law, Butterworth, London.

Jamaluddin Md. Jahi (ed.). 2000. Pengurusan Persekitaran Di Malaysia: Isu Dan Cabaran. Bangi: Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.


117

Jamaluddin Md. Jahi. 1999. Striking A Balance Between Environment And Development:

Is Malaysia Prepared To Manage The Environment To Face Challenges In The

Next Millennium. Centre for Graduate Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi.

John Munkunan, 1990, Employer’s Liability, at Common Law, Butterworth, London.

Richard Johnstone, 1997, Occupational Health and Safety, Law and Policy, LBC

Information Services, New South Wales. Welford, R. 1996. Corporate Environmental Management: Systems and Strategies.

London: Earthscan Publications Limited.

IT. Smith & J.C. Wood, 1986, Industrial Law, Butterworth, London. Richard Johnstone, 1997, Occupational Health and Safety, Law and Policy, LBC

Information Services, New South Wales.

John Munkunan, 1990, Employer’s Liability, at Common Law, Butterworth, London. Z1LK 6023 Mengenalpasti Hazard dan Penaksiran Risiko Kursus ini meliputi pengenalan kepada sistem hazard, kaedah-kaedah analisis hazard

proses, penaksiran potensi akibat sesuatu hazard, penentuan dan penilaian risiko dari sesuatu industri. Topik-topik yang dibinacangkan dalam kursus ini adalah hazard dan

sistem hazard; kaedah-kaedah analisis hazard proses seperti checklist, what-if analysis,

hazard rating, failure mode and effect analysis, HAZOP, fault tree and event tree; penganggaran dan penilaian risiko

Bacaan Asas CCPS, 2008, Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, AIChE, New York

CCPS, 1999, Guidelines for consequence analysis of chemical releases, AIChE, New York

Charles A. Wentz, (1998), “Safety, Health and Environmental Protection”, McGraw Hill,

Singapore. Crowl, D.A & Louvar, J.F., (1990), “Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with

Applications”, Prentice Hall, USA.

Hyatt, N. 2003, Guidelines for process hazard analysis, hazard Identification and Risk Analysis, Daydem Press, Toronto, Canada

Lees, F.P (1996), “Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 1, 2, 3”, 2nd. Ed.,

Butterworth-Hinemann, UK

Marshall, V. & Ruhemann, S. (2001), “Fundamentals of Process Safety”, IChemE, UK

Z1LK 6033 Pengurusan Keselamatan Pekerjaan Kursus ini akan cuba memberi tumpuan kepada aspek penting dalam pengurusan

keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan dengan penumpuan khusus kepada OHSAS 18001 dan MS 1722. Perbincangan akan meliputi topik penggubalan dan pewujudan dasar

keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan, organisasi dan perkiraan. Aspek keselamatan dan

kesihatan pekerjaan akan dibincangkan dengan memasukkan juga keperluan perundangan sedia ada. Semua perbincangan adalah berdasarkan kepada prinsip pengaturan kendiri bagi

memastikan pengurusan yang cekap dan pembaikan berterusan.


118

Bacaan Asas

Ismail, B. (2006) Pengurusan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan. McGraw Hill

(Malaysia) Bahr, N.J. (1997) System Safety Engineering and Risk Assessment: A Practical Approach.

Taylor & Francis.

Keller, J.J. and Associates Inc. (1999) Safety Manager’s Handbook. American

Management Association International. Safety Management Series. Wentz, C. A (1999) Safety, Health, and Environmental Protection. McGraw Hill

International Editions

Occupational Safety and Health Act, 514, (1994) and all Regulations and Order made under it

Z1LK 6043 Psikologi Industri dan Organisasi Lanjutan Kursus ini menfokus kepada dua cabang utama psikologi industri dan organisasi iaitu

psikologi personel dan organisasi. Psikologi personel/pengurusan sumber manusia

merangkumi topik-topik analisis pekerjaan, penilaian prestasi, latihan dan pengembangan

serta pemilihan personel. Topik-topik psikologi organisasi pula meliputi topik-topik yang berkaitan dengan motivasi, kepimpinan, personaliti, kepuasan kerja, komunikasi, kepuasan

kerja, pembuatan keputusan serta stress dan kesejahteraan pekerja. Untuk memastikan

kepelbagaian peranan psikologi industry dan organisasi pelajar dikehendaki mengadakan bengkel/seminar/latihan kerja lapangan, bertujuan mengaplikasi topik-topik yang dipelajari

ke dalam bidang keselamatan pekerja.

Bacaan Asas

Aamodt, M.G. 2010. Applied Industrial/Organizational Psychology. 6th Edition. Pacific

Grove: Brooks/Cole

Landy, F.J. & Conte, J.M. 2004. Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial

and Organizational Psychology. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole.

Muchinsky, P.M. 2006. Psychology Applied to Work: An Introduction to Industrial and

Orgnizational Psychology. 6th Edition.Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole

Riggio, R.E. 2000. Introduction to Industrial/Organizational Psychology. 3rd

Edition.

Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Schultz, D. & Schultz, S.E. 2002. Psychology and Work Today: An Introduction to

Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 8th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New


Z1LK 6053 Pengurusan Kesihatan Pekerjaan Kursus ini secara asasnya merangkumi diagnosis pencegahan, rawatan dan rehabilitasi

penyakit pekerjaan yang berpunca dari factor biologi, fizikal, kimia atau psikologi di

tempat kerja. Pengurusan terhadap penyakit berkaitan pekerjaan adalah ditekankan.


119

Bacaan Asas LaDou, J. 2006. Current Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 4th Edition. New

York: J. McGraw-Hill/Appleton & Lange Medical Books. Adams PH, Baxter PJ Aw TC & Cockrof Harrington JM. 2000. Hunter’s Diseases of

Occupations, 9th Ed. Oxford University Press.

Glass LS, ed. 2004. Occupational Medicine Practice Guidelines, 2nd Ed. Hendrick D, Beckett W, Burge PS, Churg A. 2002. Occupational Disorders of the Lung.

Nordin M, Andersson G, Pope M. 2007 Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Workplace:

Principles and Practice. 2nd Ed.

Marks JG, Elsner P, DeLeo VA. 2002.Contact and Occupational Dermatology, 3rd Ed.

Z1LK 6063 Pencegahan Kebakaran, Letupan dan Pelepasan Bahan Toksik Kursus ini memberi gambaran secara jelas konsep berkaitan dengan pencegahan

kebakaran, letupan dan pelepasan toksik. Topik-topik yang diperbincangkan adalah berkaitan dengan prinsip asas kebakaran dan api yang menjadi punca utama dalam

kejadian kebakaran dan letupan dan pelepasan toksik. Walaupun kejadian letupan dan

pelepasan toksik berkemungkinan berlaku tanpa melibatkan kebakaran tetapi ianya mungkin akan berakhir dengan kejadian kebakaran. Kemudian barulah akan

diperbincangkan berkaitan dengan pengenalan kepada pencegahan kebakaran, letupan dan

pelepasan toksik serta bagaimana untuk untuk melakukan pencegahan termasuklah dari

segi pengurusanya iaitu tatacara kerja yang selamat dan perancangan keselamatan. Akhir sekali kursus ini mendedahkan berkaitan dengan keperluan pelan tindakan kecemasan dan

penyiasatan kemalangan.

Bacaan Asas James G.Quintire 1998, Principles of Fire Behavior.

Paul Stollard and John Abrahams 2006, Fire from first Principles, A design guide to building fire Safety.Daniel A Crowl/Joseph F. Louvar 2002, Chemical Process

Safety, Fundamentals with Application.

Randall Noon 1995, Enginering Analysis of Fire and Explosions.

R. Craig Schroll 2002, Industrial Fire Protection Handbook. Raymond Friedman 1998, Priciples of fire protection Chemistry and physics.

Norman Thomson 2002, Fire Hazards In Industry

Dr. Donald W.Walsh 2005, National Incident Management System, Priciples and Practice. Z1LK 6073 Ergonomik Kursus ini menengahkan isu penting berkenaan peraturan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan kepada operator/pekerja apabila merekabentuk tempat kerja dan peralatan.

Kursus ini membincangkan aplikasi antropometri atau merekabentuk tempat kerja yang

berpadanan dengan manusia (i.e. ketinggian tempat duduk, postur leher dan kepala, ruang

pergerakan). Ia akan dimulakan dengan mendefinisi bidang-bidang ergonomik (Contoh: antaramuka manusia-mesin, paparan yang bakal dilihat dan alat kawalan untuk

dikendalikan). Ia juga membincangkan isu berkaitan prinsip-prinsip ergonomik

http://www.books.mcgraw-hill.com/medical/


120

persekitaran berkenaan pencahayaan, hingar dan regulasi terma tempat kerja. Akhir sekali,

ia juga mencakupi tekanan pekerjaan, kebosanan dan kelesuan fizikal/mental, keupayaan

dan had operator/pekerja manusia ketika melakukan pekerjaan pengendalian bahan secara manual.

Bacaan Asas Kroemer, K.H.E. and Grandjean, E. 2008. Fitting The Task To The Human - A Textbook of

Occupational Ergonomics, 6th Edition, Taylor & Francis.

Bridger, R.S. 2008. Introduction to Ergonomics, 3rd Edition, CRC Press.

Wickens, C. D., Lee, J.D., Liu, Y. and Becker, S.E.G. 2004. Introduction to Human Factors Engineering, 2

nd Edition, Pearson-Prentice Hall.

Kroemer, K., Kroemer, H. and Kroemer-Elbert, K. 2001. Ergonomics: How to Design for

Ease & Efficiency, Prentice Hall. Pulat, B. M. 1997. Fundamentals of Industrial Ergonomics, Waveland Press, 2nd Edition.

Z1LK 6123 Pengurusan Keselamatan Elektrik dan Mekanik Kursus ini memperkenalkan konsep pengurusan dan kegunaan selamat peralatan elektrik dan mekanikal, sistem perlindungan elektrik dan mekanikal, prosedur keselamatan semasa

mengguna peralatan elektrik dan mekanikal. Kursus ini turut membincang aspek

keselamatan elektrik dan mekanikal yang perlu diketahui, difahami dan diamalkan sejajar dengan` semua Akta dan Peraturan yang diwartakan oleh kerajaa, termasuk kod amalan

yang diterimapakai di peringkat antarabangsa. Secara khusus, kursus ini merangkumi

prosedur keselamatan elektrik dan mekanikal yang berkaitan dengan Akta Bekalan Elektrik 1990, Peraturan Elektrik 1994 dan Akta Kilang dan Jentera Malaysia 1967.

Bacaan Asas Adams, J.M. 1994. Electrical Safety. IEE Power Series 19. BSI. 1988. BS5304 Code of Practice for Safety of Machinery. British Standard Institution.

London.

Cadick, J., Capelli-Schellpfeffer, M., Neitzel, D. and Winfield, A. 2012. Electrical Safety Handbook, 4th Edition.

Geddes, L.A. 1994. Handbook of Electrical Hazards and Accidents, CRC Press.

Goetsch, D. L. 1999. The Safety and Health Handbook

Z1LK 6173 Pengurusan Keselamatan Kimia dan Sinaran Kursus ini untuk memberikan gambaran keseluruhan terhadap aspek pengurusan

keselamatan kimia serta sinaran mengion dan tidak mengion. Pengurusan keselamatan kimia tertumpu kepada pengkelasan bahan kimia, risiko bahan kimia, helaian data

keselamatan bahan kimia berbahaya (MSDS) dan aspek pengurusan keselamatan kimia

ketika kendalian biasa, kecemasan, pengangkutan, pensetoran dan pelupusan. Kuliah akan menumpukan dan mengaitkan pengurusan keselamatan kimia dari awal hingga akhir

dengan secara langsung dengan kehendak Peraturan Kawalan Terhadap Bahaya

Kemalangan Besar Dalam Industri 1996 (CIMAH 1996), Peraturan Pengkelasan,

Perlabelan dan Helaian Data Keselamatan Bahan Kimia Berbahaya 2013 (CLASSHC 2013) serta Penggunaan dan Standard Pendedahan Bahan Kimia Berbahaya Kepada

http://www.amazon.com/Electrical-Safety-Handbook-4th-Edition/dp/0071745130/ref=sr_1_cc_1?s=aps&ie=UTF8&qid=1384359107&sr=1-1-catcorr&keywords=electrical+safety+management


http://www.amazon.com/David-L.-Goetsch/e/B001H6O86I/ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_15?qid=1384359309&sr=1-15

http://www.amazon.com/Safety-Health-Handbook-David-Goetsch/dp/0136742432/ref=sr_1_15?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1384359309&sr=1-15&keywords=mechanical+safety


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Kesihatan 2000 (USECHH 2000), Pemberitahuan Mengenai Kemalangan, Kejadian

Berbahaya, Keracunan Pekerjaan dan Penyakit Pekerjaan 2004 (NAADOOPOD 2004).

Keselamatan sinar mengion pula terbahagi kepada keradioaktifan dan sumber sinaran, kesan sinaran mengion terhadap manusia, dos dedahan, pengurusan keselamatan radiologi,

tanggungjawab Pegawai Perlindungan Sinaran (RPO), pelan tindakan kecemasan, program

perlindungan sinaran dan Akta 304. Manakala keselamatan sinar tidak mengion tertumpu

kepada aspek keselamatan sinar ultra lembayung (UV), infra merah, laser dan mikro gelombang.

Bacaan Asas MINT, 2001. Chemical Safety, MINT. Furr, A.K., 1990. CRC Handbook of Industrial Safety, CRC Press 3

rd Ed.

Scott, R.M, 1989. Chemical Hazards in the Workplace, Lewis Publisher

Wentz. C.A., 1989. Hazardous Waste Management, Mc Graw Hill. Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan dan Peraturan-Peraturan, Akta 514, MDC

Publishers, Kuala Lumpur.

Akta Perlesenan Tenaga Atom, 1984 dan Peraturan-Peraturan serta Perintahnya

ICRP, 2007, The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication No. 103, Elsevier.

IAEA, 1990, Safety Series No. 102. Recommendation, Emergency Planning and

Preparedness for Accident Involving Radioactive Materials Used in Medicine, Industry, Research and Teaching, IAEA.

Repacholi, M.H., 1988. Non-Ioning Radiations: Physical Characteristics, Biological

Effects and Hazard Assssment, Internal Radiation Protection Association. Z1LK 6193 Pengurusan Keselamatan Alam Sekitar dan Biologi Kursus ini membincangkan dan memberi tumpuan kepada aspek-aspek penting dalam

pengurusan keselamatan alam sekitar dan biologi, dengan penekanan kepada langkah-langkah pencegahan. Aspek-aspek ini meliputi bahagian jenis pencemaran yang

disebabkan oleh bahan buangan pepejal dan cecair serta sisa berbahaya, ancaman mereka

kepada kesihatan manusia dan keselamatan serta kesan kepada alam sekitar, peraturan-peraturan yang berkaitan, pengukuran dan analisis tahap pencemaran, langkah-langkah

pengurusan untuk mencegah atau mengurangkan pencemaran dan pengurusan langkah-

langkah untuk merawat pencemaran. Kursus ini juga diperlukan untuk semua pekerja yang bekerja di dalam makmal menggunakan bahan-bahan biologi dan meliputi bahaya bekerja

dengan bahan-bahan ini, amalan dan peralatan yang diperlukan untuk kerja-kerja di

peringkat biokeselamatan yang berbeza.

Bacaan Asas Peavy H.S., Rowe D.R & Tchonoglous G. 1987. Environmental Engineering, New York:

McGraw Hill.

Wentz, C.A. 1989. Hazardous Waste Management. New York: Mc Graw Hill. Liberman D.F. 1995. Biohazard Management Handbook. New York: Marcell and Decker

Brock T.D & Madigan M.T 1991. Biology of Microorganism 6th Edition. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall,


122

Atlas, R.M. 1986. Microbiology – Fundamentals & Application: Instructor’s Manual.

London & New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.

Gardner, J.F and Peel, M.M 1986. Introduction to Sterilization and disinfection. New York: Churchill Livingstone.

Casey, A, Underwood, R & Viner, D. 1997. Plant Safety – Managing Plant Hazards at the

Workplace. Australia: CCH Publisher.

Haski, R, Cardilini, G & Bartolo W.C.F 1992. Laboratory Safety Manual. Australia: CCH Publisher.

IAEA. 2008. Nuclear Security Culture, IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 7, IAEA,

Vienna (2008). Z1LK 6014 Projek Penyelidikan 1 Kursus ini bertujuan melatih pelajar mengkaji satu bidang tertentu dalam bidang

keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan menerusi pembacaan dan kajian sendiri secara

terarah. Pelajar dikehendakki menyediakan satu laporan imbauan satu tajuk penyelidikan

yang dipilih, dan menyediakan satu cadangan penyelidikan untuk dijalankan dalam kursus Z1LK 6016 Projek Penyelidikan 2.

Bacaan Asas Day, R. A. 1998. How to write & publish a Scientific Paper. Ed. Ke 5 . Phoenix: Orxy

Press.

Greenfield, T. 2001. Research Methods for Postgraduates. Ed. Ke 2. London: An Arnold


UKM.

Ismail Ahmad. 1996. Penulisan Saintifik. Kuala Lumpur. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Palya, W. L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. Ed. Ke 5. Jacksonville. Alabama Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah Panduan penulisan tesis gaya UKM Edisi semak kedua Tahun

2010 percetakan Watan Sdn Bhd

Z1LK 6016 Projek Penyelidikan 2 (Pra-Keperluan: Lulus Z1LK 6014 Projek Penyelidikan 1)

Kursus ini bertujuan menawarkan pelajar untuk mendapat pengalaman menjalankan

penyelidikan satu tajuk tertentu yang diminati dibawah bimbingan seorang atau kumpulan

penyelia. Penyelidikan dapat dijalankan secara eksperimen atau analitik. Pelajar

dikehendaki menyediakan satu laporan ilmiah mengenai hasil penyelidikan itu dan mempertahankan secara lisan.

Bacaan Asas Day, R. A. 1998. How to write & publish a Scientific Paper. Ed. Ke 5. Phoenix: Orxy

Press.


Publication.


123

Hafriza Burhanudeen (Editor). 2005. The UKM Style Guide. Graduate Studies Centre,

UKM.

Ismail Ahmad. 1996. Penulisan Saintifik. Kuala Lumpur. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Palya, W. L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. Ed. Ke 5. Jacksonville. Alabama


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PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS KIMIA DAN TEKNOLOGI MAKANAN


125

PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS KIMIA DAN TEKNOLOGI MAKANAN

Pengenalan

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan menawarkan program pengajian siswazah secara tesis dan kerja kursus bagi melatih lebih ramai saintis yang mampu

menjalankan penyelidikan asas dan gunaan dalam usaha untuk mengukuhkan UKM

sebagai sebuah universiti penyelidikan. Program Sarjana melalui tesis disokong dengan beberapa kerja kursus bagi menyediakan asas yang kukuh kepada calon untuk menjalankan

penyelidikan. Program Sarjana dengan kerja kursus pula mewajibkan calon menjalankan

satu projek penyelidikan pendek dan terfokus. Program pengajian lanjutan di peringkat

sarjana dan doktor falsafah dijalankan sama ada sepenuh masa atau separuh masa.

Bidang Penyelidikan dan Ijazah yang Ditawarkan Pusat pengajian menawarkan penyelidikan dalam bidang-bidang penyelidikan yang

merangkumi pengkhususan dalam Kimia dan Sains Makanan. Bidang pengkhususan atau

penyelidikan yang ditawarkan dalam bidang kimia antaranya ialah Hasilan Semulajadi,

Kimia Analisis, Kimia alam Sekitar, Sintesis Sebatian Tak Organik, Kinetik dan Pemangkinan serta Polimer dan Komposit. Bagi bidang Sains Makanan pula, ia

merangkumi analisis dan kimia makanan, bahan perisa, biopolimer boleh dimakan,

fitokimia dan aditif makanan lain, ingredien makanan, penerimaan makanan, kederiaan makanan, keselamatan kualiti dan makanan, mikrobiologi makanan dan fermentasi,

pemakanan komuniti. Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan menawarkan

program pengajian siswazah bagi setiap bidang mengikut jenis pengajian berikut: Doktor Falsafah (Kimia)

Doktor Falsafah (Pemakanan)

Doktor Falsafah (Sains Makanan)

Sarjana Sains (Kimia)

Sarjana Sains (Pemakanan)

Sarjana Sains (Sains Makanan)

Syarat Kemasukan

Calon yang memohon untuk mengikuti Program Pengajian Siswazah mestilah memenuhi syarat-syarat berikut:

Program Doktor Falsafah a) Ijazah Sarjana Sains dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti

lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;

atau

b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjana Sains dan mempunyai kelayakan lain atau pengalaman yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;

atau


126

c) Sedang mengikuti program Sarjana Sains di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dan

diperakukan oleh Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah Fakulti berkenaan untuk menukar

status kepada Program Doktor Falsafah dengan kelulusan Senat; atau

d) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains atau kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda

Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) sekurang-kurangnya

3.67 daripada Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.

Program Sarjana Sains a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK)

yang baik daripada Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain

yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dan mempunyai

kelayakan lain atau pengalaman yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;

atau c) Calon yang tidak memenuhi syarat PNGK minimum yang ditetapkan boleh

dipertimbangkan dengan syarat calon mempunyai pengalaman penyelidikan dalam

bidang berkaitan.

Jenis Pengajian

Doktor Falsafah Setiap pelajar yang mengikuti program ini dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus kursus

STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan dan juga pendaftaran tesis setiap semester sehingga tamat pengajian. Pelajar perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan penyelia atau jawatankuasa

penyeliaan tidak kurang daripada 40 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar sepenuh

masa dan 20 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar separuh masa. Hasil penyelidikan

ditulis sebagai sebuah tesis.

Sarjana Sains

Tesis

Setiap pelajar yang mengikuti program ini dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus 8-14 jam

kredit kursus dan hasil penyelidikan ditulis sebagai sebuah tesis. Keperluan 8-14 jam kredit terdiri daripada kursus fakulti dan kursus pusat pengajian.

Pelajar perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan penyelia atau jawatankuasa penyeliaan

tidak kurang daripada 26 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar sepenuh masa dan 13


Kerja Kursus

Setiap pelajar dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus 40 jam kredit kursus. Unit-unit terdiri daripada unit kursus wajib terdiri daripada kursus fakulti, kursus pusat pengajian dan

kursus pilihan yang ditetapkan oleh program.


127

PROGRAM DOKTOR FALSAFAH (KIMIA)


OPP1: Berketerampilan dengan sahsiah dan akhlak terpuji yang dapat mendukung wawasan fakulti dan universiti serta mampu menyumbang tenaga dan kepakaran

kepada perkembangan teknologi dan penyelesaian masalah semasa.

OPP 2: Membangunkan sikap dan kesedaran untuk mengenalpasti, merancang aktiviti

kerja, mereka-bentuk penyelidikan baru dan inovasi dalam proses dan pengeluaran

yang berkaitan dengan bidang kimia.

OPP 3: Memberikan pengetahuan mendalam dan membimbing penerokaan penyelidikan

terkini dalam bidang kimia yang mampu menangani isu keselamatan,

keharmonian dan keseimbangan alam sekitar.

OPP 4: Mendalami pengetahuan, kemahiran dan membina jaringan perkongsian ilmu

dalam bidang kimia yang menyumbang kepada pembangunan pertanian, kesihatan

dan industri pembuatan


HPP1: Penguasaan pengetahuan kimia lanjutan.

HPP2: Penguasaan kemahiran teknikal dalam kimia.

HPP3: Mampu mengenalpasti, merumus dan menyelesai masalah. HPP4: Mampu menggunakan kaedah saintifik untuk mereka bentuk, mengendali

eksperimen, menganalisis dan menginterpretasi data.

HPP5: Mampu menghayati isu berkaitan dengan etika, masyarakat, dan alam sekitar. HPP 6: Berkebolehan untuk berkomunikasi dengan berkesan.

HPP7: Berkemampuan untuk memainkan peranan dalam kumpulan sebagai individu

dan pemimpin yang berkesan.

HPP:8 Menyedari keperluan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat dan mendapat kemahiran

untuk melakukannya.

HPP9: Mampu memiliki kemahiran keusahawanan dan pengurusan.

PROGRAM DOKTOR FALSAFAH (SAINS MAKANAN)


OPP1: Berketerampilan dengan sahsiah dan akhlak terpuji yang dapat mendukung

wawasan fakulti dan universiti serta mampu menyumbang tenaga dan kepakaran kepada perkembangan teknologi dan penyelesaian masalah semasa.

OPP2: Membangunkan sikap dan kesedaran untuk mengenalpasti, merancang aktiviti

kerja, mereka-bentuk penyelidikan baru dan inovasi dalam industri makanan.


128

OPP3: Memberikan pengetahuan lanjutan dalam bidang sains dan teknologi makanan

serta memudah cara penerokaan penyelidikan terkini dalam bidang berkenaan.

OPP4: Membangun dan membentuk jaringan perkongsian ilmu untuk menjalankan penyelidikan yang berkesan dan saksama bagi menghadapi cabaran dan memenuhi

permintaan industri makanan semasa.


HPP1: Penguasaan pengetahuan asas dan lanjutan menjalankan penyelidikan dalam

bidang sains dan teknologi makanan. HPP2: Mempunyai kemampuan teknikal yang mendalam berkaitan bidang sains dan

teknologi makanan.

HPP3: Berkemampuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan penyelidikan sains dan teknologi makanan.

HPP4: Berkemampuan menggunakan kaedah saintifik untuk merekabentuk, menjalankan,

menganalisis dan mentafsir data penyelidikan.

HPP5: Kefahaman terhadap isu dan keperluan berkaitan dengan etika, masyarakat, budaya dan persekitaran sebagai seorang ahli sains dan teknologi makanan yang

profesional.

HPP6: Kebolehan untuk berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis. HPP7: Berkemampuan untuk memainkan peranan secara berkesan sebagai individu

ataupun berkumpulan beserta keupayaan menjadi pemimpin mahupun ahli

kumpulan yang berkesan. HPP8: Berkebolehan mengurus dan mengumpul maklumat serta melibatkan diri dalam

pembelajaran sepanjang hayat dan memiliki kemampuan untuk berbuat demikian.

HPP9: Berkeupayaan untuk memperoleh kemahiran keusahawanan dan pengurusan bagi

memenuhi keperluan industri makanan dan masyarakat.

PROGRAM DOKTOR FALSAFAH (PEMAKANAN)

OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Berketerampilan dengan sahsiah dan akhlak terpuji yang dapat mendukung

wawasan fakulti dan universiti serta mampu menyumbang tenaga dan kepakaran kepada perkembangan teknologi dan penyelesaian masalah semasa.

OPP2: Membangunkan sikap dan kesedaran untuk mengenalpasti, merancang,

membentuk dan menjalankan aktiviti penyelidikan berhubung perkembangan tabiat pemakanan mengikut budaya, persekitaran dan perubahan sikap masyarakat.

OPP3: Memberikan pengetahuan lanjutan dalam bidang pemakanan dan kesihatan

memudah cara penerokaan penyelidikan terkini dalam bidang berkenaan.

OPP4: Membangunkan dan membentuk jaringan perkongsian ilmu untuk menjalankan penyelidikan secara berkesan dan saksama bagi menghadapi cabaran dan

memenuhi permintaan dalam industri makanan dan pemakanan semasa.


129


HPP1: Penguasaan pengetahuan asas dan lanjutan menjalankan penyelidikan dalam

bidang pemakanan. HPP2: Mempunyai kemampuan teknikal yang mendalam berkaitan bidang pemakanan.

HPP3: Berkemampuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan

penyelidikan pemakanan. HPP4: Berkemampuan menggunakan kaedah saintifik untuk merekabentuk, menjalankan,


HPP5: Kefahaman terhadap isu dan keperluan berkaitan dengan etika, masyarakat,

budaya dan persekitaran sebagai seorang ahli pemakanan yang profesional. HPP6: Berkebolehan untuk berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis.

HPP7: Berkemampuan untuk memainkan peranan secara berkesan sebagai individu

ataupun berkumpulan beserta keupayaan menjadi pemimpin mahupun ahli kumpulan yang berkesan.

HPP8: Berkebolehan mengurus dan mengumpul maklumat serta melibatkan diri dalam


HPP9: Berkeupayaan untuk memperoleh kemahiran keusahawanan dan pengurusan bagi memenuhi keperluan industri makanan dan masyarakat.

SARJANA SAINS (KIMIA) Pengenalan

Program Sarjana secara tesis tertumpu sepenuhnya kepada kerja penyelidikan yang bertujuan untuk melatih lebih ramai saintis yang berkemampuan menjalankan penyelidikan

asas dan gunaan dalam usaha mempertingkatkan penyelidikan di UKM. Bidang-bidang

pengkhususan kimia yang ditawarkan untuk program siswazah secara kerja tesis adalah

Hasilan Semulajadi, Kimia Organik, Kimia Analisis, Kimia Alam Sekitar, Sintesis Sebatian Tak Organik, Pemangkinan, Kimia Minyak dan Lemak dan Polimer yang

merangkumi polimer hijau Getah Asli Termoplastik dan polimer sintetik serta Komposit

polimer. Program Sarjana Sains (Kimia) secara kerja kursus pula menyajikan satu pakej yang

lebih menarik terutama sekali dari segi tempoh minimum yang hanya 2 semester untuk

sepenuh masa dan 4 semester secara separuh masa. Program ini disediakan untuk menarik lebih ramai calon-calon dari industri, kolej swasta, institut penyelidikan dan juga badan

kerajaan yang mempunyai masa yang terhad untuk cuti belajar. Pelajar lulusan Program

Sarjana Sains (Kimia) ini akan dapat memberi sumbangan dan memainkan peranan yang

berkesan dalam kemajuan dan pembangunan sains dan teknologi negara selaras dengan prinsip pembangunan negara.


130

Syarat Kemasukan

Calon yang ingin memohon mengikuti Program Siswazah Kimia mestilah memenuhi syarat-syarat berikut:

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) yang baik daripada Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain

yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;

atau b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains atau mempunyai

kelayakan lain seperti pengalaman yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;

atau

c) Calon yang tidak memenuhi syarat PNGK minimum yang ditetapkan boleh dipertimbangkan dengan syarat calon mempunyai pengalaman penyelidikan dalam

bidang berkaitan.

Jenis Program

Program Sarjana Sains (Kimia) menawarkan dua jenis program iaitu:

• Tesis

• Kerja Kursus


wawasan fakulti dan universiti serta mampu menyumbang tenaga dan kepakaran

kepada perkembangan teknologi dan penyelesaian masalah semasa. OPP 2: Membangunkan sikap dan kesedaran untuk mengenalpasti, merancang aktiviti

kerja, mereka-bentuk penyelidikan baru dan inovasi dalam proses dan pengeluaran

yang berkaitan dengan bidang kimia.

OPP 3: Memberikan pengetahuan mendalam dan membimbing penerokaan penyelidikan

terkini dalam bidang kimia yang mampu menangani isu keselamatan,

keharmonian dan keseimbangan alam sekitar.

OPP 4: Mendalami pengetahuan, kemahiran dan membina jaringan perkongsian ilmu

dalam bidang kimia yang menyumbang kepada pembangunan pertanian, kesihatan

dan industri pembuatan


HPP1: Penguasaan pengetahuan kimia lanjutan.

HPP2: Penguasaan kemahiran teknikal dalam kimia. HPP3: Mampu mengenalpasti, merumus dan menyelesai masalah.

HPP4: Mampu menggunakan kaedah saintifik untuk mereka bentuk, mengendali

eksperimen, menganalisis dan menginterpretasi data.


131

HPP5: Mampu menghayati isu berkaitan dengan etika, masyarakat, dan alam sekitar.

HPP 6: Berkebolehan untuk berkomunikasi dengan berkesan.

HPP7: Berkemampuan untuk memainkan peranan dalam kumpulan sebagai individu

dan pemimpin yang berkesan.

HPP:8 Menyedari keperluan pembelajaran sepanjang hayat dan mendapat kemahiran

untuk melakukannya.

HPP9: Mampu memiliki kemahiran keusahawanan dan pengurusan.

Struktur Program

Tesis Setiap pelajar yang mengikuti program ini dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus 8 jam kredit

kursus dan penulisan tesis sebagai syarat untuk dianugerahkan ijazah Sarjana Sains Kimia.

Kursus yang wajib diambil adalah:


STKK6014 Kemahiran Penyelidikan Makmal

Kerja kursus

Pelajar-pelajar yang mengikuti program Sarjana Sains (Kimia) secara kerja kursus

dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus sekurang-kurangnya 40 jam kredit kursus sepanjang pengajian. Jadual berikut menunjukkan kursus-kursus wajib dan pelengkap program yang

perlu diambil oleh pelajar.


I

STKK6113 STKK6313

STKK6513

STKK6713

STPD6014

STKK6972

Kimia Kuantum Mekanisme Tindak

Balas

Tak Organik

Sintesis Organik

Prinsip Reka

Bentuk

Instrumen

Analisis

Kaedah

Penyelidikan

Projek Penyelidikan I

STKK6142

STKK6342

STKK6542

Elektrokimia

Kimia Tak

Organik Fizik

Kinetik dan

Mekanisme Tindak Balas

Analisis


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II

STKK6123

STKK6323

STKK6523

STKK6723

STKK6986

Kimia Polimer

Lanjutan

Kimia Tak Organik

Gunaan

Spektroskopi Kimia

Organik

Sistem Pengurusan

Kimia

Projek

Penyelidikan II

STKK6762

STKK6942

Permukaan

Teknik

Radiokimia

JUMLAH 36 4 40



STKK6113 Kimia Kuantum

STKK6123 Kimia Polimer Lanjutan STKK6142 Elektrokimia

STKK6313 Mekanisme Tindak Balas Tak Organik

STKK6323 Kimia Tak Organik Gunaan

STKK6342 Kimia Tak Organik Fizik STKK6513 Sintesis Organik

STKK6523 Spektroskopi Kimia Organik

STKK6542 Kinetik dan Mekanisme Tindak Balas STKK6713 Prinsip Reka Bentuk Instrumen Analisis

STKK6723 Sistem Pengurusan Kimia

STKK6762 Analisis Permukaan STKK6942 Teknik Radiokimia

STKK6972 Projek Penyelidikan I

STKK6986 Projek Penyelidikan II

Kandungan Kursus STKK6014 Kemahiran Penyelidikan Makmal Kursus ini memperkenalkan teknik kemahiran kerja-kerja makmal yang perlu diketahui

oleh pelajar untuk membantu memahirkan kerja-kerja penyelidikan di makmal masing-masing. Sebagai pengenalan kursus ini akan mendedahkan tentang pelajar kepada

keselamatan dalam makmal, penglabelan, penyimpanan bahan kimia, pelupusan sisa

kimia, akta keselamatan kimia, pengurusan keselamatan, pangkalan data bagi keselamatan

kimia. Pendedahan dan juga kaedah kerja makmal yang perlu diketahui seperti penyulingan sistem vakum, penyejukan di bawah suhu sifar, proses pemendakan,

pengendalian bahan kimia yang toksik dan mudah terbakar, pengendalian gas, pencairan,

tiub kaca dan sebagainya. Teknik-teknik traser dalam kimia dan analisis pengaktifan


133

neutron juga turut didedahkan. Pelajar juga akan didedahkan dengan pengoperasian alat

dan mentafsir spektrum atau data alat-alat penting dalam penyelidikan kimia seperti IR,

UV, GCMS, AA, HPLC, NMR, TGA, DSC, Kristalografi Sinar-X dan lain-lain lagi. Aspek QA/QC dan GLP juga akan dititikberatkan. Pelajar juga didedahkan dengan teknik

terkini dalam melakukan analisis LC, LC-MS, LC-ESI-MS khususnya bagi sampel dengan

berat molekul tinggi. Kaedah analisis permukan juga diterangkan terutamanya

menggunakan teknik XPS, AES, ISS, ToF-SIM dan yang berkaitan.

Bacaan Asas

Braun, R.D. 1987. Introduction To Instrumental Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill International Ed.

Bretherick, L. 1986. Hazards in Chemical Laboratory. Oxford: The Royal Society of

Chemistry. Crowl, C.A. & Louvar, J.F. 1990. Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals and

Application. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.

Pipitone, D.A. 1991. Safe Storage of Laboratory Chemicals. New York: John Wiley & Son

Inc. Willard, H.H., Merritt, L.L. & Dean, J.A. 1994. Instrumental Methods of Analysis. New

York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

STKK6113 Kimia Kuantum Kursus ini memperkenalkan dan membincangkan prinsip asas dalam teori kuantum. Topik-

topiknya termasuklah gelombang-partikel duaan, persamaan Schrödinger, pengnormalan dan kuantil, interpretasi fungsian gelombang Born, pengoperasi, nilai dan fungsian Eigen,

kebarangkalian dan nilai jangkaan dan prinsip ketidaktentuan. Aplikasi fungsian

gelombang dalam menyelesaikan partikel dalam kotak dan pergerakan dua dimensi untuk

pergerakan translasi, aras tenaga dan fungsian gelombang untuk getaran dan putaran dalam dua dan tiga dimensi dan spin untuk putaran akan dibincangkan. Pemaksian atom dan

molekul, tenaga dan pemaksian, teori pemaksian molekul dan anggaran Huckel untuk

sistem poliatom juga akan dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas Atkins, P.W. 1994. Physical Chemistry. 5

th Ed. London: Oxford University Press.

Griffiths, D.J. 1994. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. New York: Prentice-Hall. Simons, J. & Nichols, J. 1997. Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry. London: Oxford

University Press.

Vincent, A. 2001. Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory: A Programmed Introduction to Chemical Applications. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Yates, K. 1978. Huckel Molecular Orbital Theory. New York: Academic Press.

STKK6123 Kimia Polimer Lanjutan Kursus ini tertumpu kepada tiga tajuk asas: termodinamik pencampuran polimer - entalpi,

entropi dan tenaga bebas; pengadunan polimer -- kebolehcampuran, keserasian, interaksi

antara molekul, pematangan, keseimbangan fasa, reologi dan morfologi fasa, sifat fizik dan mekanik adunan, pengadunan larutan dan leburan; dan larutan koloid -- bahan larut,


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pelarut dan penggugusan molekul amfifilik/surfaktan, struktur dan sifat misel, kestabilan,

keseimbangan dan rajah fasa dan mikro dan makro emulsi.

Bacaan Asas Atkins, P. & de Paula, J. 2006. Physical Chemistry. 8

th Ed. Oxford UK: Oxford

University.

Evans, D. F. & Wennerstrom, H. 1999. The Colloidal Domain. 2nd

Ed. New York:

Wiley-VCH.

Shonaike, G. O. & Simon, G. P. 1999. Polymer Blends and Alloys. New York: CRC Press. Utraki, L. A. 2002. Polymer Blends Handbook. Vol I & II. Netherlands:Kluwer Academic

Pub.

STKK6142 Elektrokimia Topik yang akan dibincang termasuk pertimbangan umum; pemilihan pelarut dan

elektrolit, rekabentuk sel dan elektrod, teknik voltametri untuk tindak balas sintetik dan

sintesis eletrokimia dengan kaedah elektrolisis keupayaan terkawal, spektroelektrokimia, tindak balas elektrokimia di dalam media akues dan pelarut organik. Selain itu, aplikasi

elektrokimia di dalam industri termasuk elektrokimia antaramuka, bioelektrokimia,

elektrokimia penderiaan, industri kloroalkali, sel bahan api, penyaduran elektrik dan kegunaan dalam kawalan pencemaran alam sekitar turut ditekankan. Turut dibincangkan

dalam kursus ini adalah bahagian pengkakisan dan kestabilan logam.

Bacaan Asas Bockris, J.O.M. & Reddy, A.K. 1998. Modern Electrochemistry 1 & 2. New York: Kluwer

Academic Press.

Crow, D.R. 1994. Principles and Applications of Electrochemistry. 4th Ed. Cambridge,

U.K.: Blackie.

Pletcher, D. & Walsh, F.C. 1990. Industrial Electrochemistry. Cambridge, U.K.: Chapman

and Hall. Sawyer, D.T., Sobkowiak, A. & Roberts, J.L. 1995. Electrochemistry for Chemist. Italy

New York: John Wiley & Son.

Schmickler, W. 1995. Interfacial Electrochemistry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

STKK6313 Mekanisme Tindak Balas Tak Organik Kursus ini akan mendedahkan pelajar segala aspek asas metadologi (eksperimen,

komputeran, teori) dan applikasi mekanisme tindak balas tak organik iaitu proses pembentukan ikatan dan celahan, pemindahan elektron, ciri bahantara, media dan kesan

lain, dalam redoks takorganik dan organologam dan tindak balas gantian, termasuk proses

yang melibatkan proses penting mangkin, sekitaran, biologi dan industri. Di samping itu

akan dibincangkan beberapa contoh penting tindak balas takorganik dan organologam penting untuk menguatkan lagi pemahaman pelajar mengenai mekanisme tak organik.


135

Bacaan Asas Atwood, J.D. 1997. Inorganic and Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms. 2nd Ed. New

York: John Wiley & Son.

Burgess, J. & Tobe, M.L. 2000. Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms. New York: Pearson

Education Corp.

Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., Murillo, C.A. & Bochmann, M. 1999. Advanced Inorganic

Chemistry. 6th Ed. New York: John Wiley & Son.

Jordan, R.B. 2007. Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Systems. 3rd

Ed. New York: Oxford University Press.

Wilkin, R.G. 1991. Kinetics and Mechanisms Reactions of Transition Metal Complexes. New York: John Wiley & Son.

STKK6323 Kimia Tak Organik Gunaan Kursus ini akan membincangkan dua bahagian terpenting dalam kimia takorganik yang

berkaitan dengan kehidupan seharian. Bahagian pertama adalah struktur dan fungsi logam/

ion logam dalam kehidupan manusia seperti mineral, vitamin dan ko-enzim. Tindak balas

biokimia yang melibatkan kepada kehadiran ion logam seperti pengambilan, pengangkutan serta penyimpanan ion logam seperti besi; kuprum-protein, fotosintesis, ko-enzim dan

mangkin enzim akan dibincangkan. Bahagian kedua adalah bahan takorganik digunakan

dalam industri iaitu jenis tindak balas bermangkin secara homogen dan heterogen. Dalam bahagian mangkin homogen mekanisme tindak balas bermangkin menggunakan logam

peralihan akan dibincangkan. Dalam mangkin jenis heterogen pula tumpuan diberikan

kepada sistem cecair dan gas.

Bacaan Asas Bertini, I. & Gray, H.B. 1994. Bioinorganic Chemistry. California: University Science

Book. Cowan, J.A. 1993. Inorganic Biochemistry-An Introduction. 2

nd Ed. London: VCH Publ.

(UK) Ltd.

Jolly, W.L. 1991. Modern Inorganic Chemistry. 2nd

Ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill International Ed.

Kaim, W. & Schwederski, B. (pnyt.). 2006. Bioinorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements

in The Chemistry of Life: An Introduction and Guide. New York: John Wiley & Son.

Parshall, G.W. & Ittel, S.D. 1992. Homogeneous Catalysis: The Applications and Chemistry of Catalysis By Soluble Transition Metal Complexes. 2

nd Ed. New York:

John Wiley & Son.

STKK6342 Kimia Tak Organik Fizik Kajian yang mendalam mengenai sifat sebatian tak organik dan tindak balas yang boleh

dialaminya. Tumpuan utama adalah kepada tindak balas gantian sebatian kompleks oktahedron, tetrahedron dan segi-empat mensatah. Konsep stabil, labil, langkah

mekanisme, stereokimia, kesan trans serta bukti eksperimen bagi mekanisme sekutuan,

penghuraian dan saling-tukaran akan dikaji. Selain daripada tindak balas gantian, tindak

balas redoks dengan konsep sfera dalaman dan luaran dan juga tindak balas yang berlaku


136

oleh ligan terkoordinat juga dikaji. Tindak balas ligan terkoordinat merangkumi hidrolisis

ester, amida dan peptida, tindak balas templat dan elektrofilik. Tindak balas yang

berkaitan dengan sistem biokimia akan juga dibicarakan.

Bacaan Asas Atwood, J.D. 1997. Inorganic and Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms. Edisi ke-2. New

York: John Wiley & Son. Burgess, J. & Tobe, M.L. 2000. Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms. New York: Pearson

Education Corp.

Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., Murillo, C.A. & Bochmann, M. 1999. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. Edisi ke-6. New York: John Wiley & Son.

Kettle, S.F.A. 2000. Physical Inorganic Chemistry: A Coordination Chemistry Approach.

London: Oxford University Press. Wright, J.R., Hendrickson, W.A. & Osaki, S. 1986. Physical Methods for Inorganic

Biochemistry. Biochemistry of The Elements. New York: Plenum Publ. Corp

STKK6513 Sintesis Organik Membincangkan tindak balas ke arah pembentukan ikatan karbon-karbon dan tindak balas

yang melibatkan penukaran antara kumpulan berfungsi. Kaedah sintetik dengan

penekanan kepada penemuan, pembangunan dan kegunaan tindak balas kimia dalam sintesis, batasan dan skop tindakbalas. Sintesis multi-peringkat hasilan semulajadi sebagai

templat untuk pelbagai pendekatan dan strategi sintetik dan reagen sintetik menggunakan

sebatian organologam akan dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas

Carey, F.A. & Sunberg, R. J. 1994. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and

Synthesis. Part B, 3rd

Ed., New York: Planum Press. Nicolaou, K. C. & Sorensen, E.J. 1995. Classic in Total Synthesis: Targets, Strategies,

Methods. New York: VCH Publ.

Norman, R.O.C. & Coxon, J.M. 1995. Principles of Organic Synthesis. 3rd Ed. New York:

Blackie Academic Press.

Smith, M.B. 1994. Organic Synthesis. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Wuts, P.G.M. & Greene, T.W. 1997. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis. New York:

JohnWiley & Sons.

STKK6523 Spektroskopi Kimia Organik Kursus ini memperkenalkan penentuan struktur dan stereokimia sebatian organik. Teori dan aplikasi kaedah spektroskopi moden bagi tujuan ini akan dibincang meliputi

spektroskopi ultralembayung, inframerah, RMN satu dan dua dimensi dan spektroskopi

jisim. Di samping itu, pendekatan langkah demi langkah dalam elusidasi struktur sebatian organik yang melibatkan interpretasi data spektrum ultralembayung, inframerah, RMN

satu dan dua dimensi dan spektroskopi jisim akan dibincangkan dengan terperinci. Selain

menitikberatkan latihan elusidasi struktur berdasarkan data spektroskopi, latihan

pengoperasian instrumen juga akan dijalankan dalam satu slot kerja amali. Kepentingan


137

data spektroskopi dan analisis fizikal dalam penentuan stereokimia sebatian organik juga

akan disentuh.

Bacaan Asas Breitmaier, E. 2004. Structure Elucidation by NMR in Organic Chemistry. A Practical

Guide. Sussex: John Wiley & Sons.

Claridge, T.G.W. 1999. High Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry. New York: Pergamon Press.

Crews, P., Rodriguez, J. & Jaspars, M. 1998. Organic Structure Analysis. New York :

Oxford University Press. Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. & Kriz, G. S. 2008. Introduction To Spectroscopy.

Washington : Brooks & Cole.

Shriner, R.L., Christine, K.F., Morill, T.C., Curtin, D.Y. & Fuson, R.C. 1998. The Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds. 7

th Ed. New York: John Wiley &

Son.

STKK6542 Kinetik dan Mekanisme Tindak Balas Kursus ini mengkaji secara terperinci bagaimana kaedah dan data kinetik diperolehi serta

di olah agar selari dengan model tindak balas atau mekanisme yang dicadangkan bagi

sesuatu tindak balas sama ada organik atau tak organik. Pelbagai mekanisme tindak balas yang lazim bagi tindak balas gantian, redoks, mangkin, asid-bes pempolimeran dan enzim

akan dikaji. Teknik penentuan tindak balas pantas dan lompatan suhu akan diperkenalkan.

Konsep perhubungan linear tenaga bebas, kinetik kesan isotop dan pengolahan matematik bagi beberapa mekanisme tindak balas rumit akan dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas

Jencks, P. 1987. Catalysis in Chemistry and Enzymology. New York: Dover Publ. Jones, R.A.Y. 1984. Physical and Mechanistic Organic Chemistry. 2

nd Ed. Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press.

Lawry, T.H & Richardson, K.S. 1987. Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry. 3rd

Ed. New York: Harper and Row.

Miller, B. 1997. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and Mechanism. London: Prentice-Hall.

Sykes, P. 1996. A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry. London: Prentice-Hall.

STKK6713 Prinsip Reka Bentuk Instrumen Analisis Pemahaman tentang prinsip kimia kualitatif dan kuantitatif dalam mereka bentuk

instrumen analisis diterapkan. Sistem dan komponen dalam instrumen analisis - sumber

cahaya, pemanas, optik, pam, motor, amplifier operasi, elektronik, unit pemprosesan berpusat (CPU), vakum, antaramuka, pengukuran isipadu dan jisim, pengesan dan lain-lain

dibincangkan. Langkah-langkah dalam merekabentuk sistem instrumen analisis untuk

tujuan tertentu dan beberapa contoh penganalisa automatik dan penganalisa proses yang digunakan dalam pelbagai bidang juga akan diperkenalkan.


138

Bacaan Asas Clevert, K.J. 1984. Handbook of Process Stream Analysis. Chichester, U.K.: Ellis

Horwood. Johnson, K.J. 1992. Automatic Process Control. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Miller, J.T. 1994. The Revised Course in Industrial Instrument Technology. London:

United Trade Press. Pecsok, R.L., Shields, L.D., Cairns, T. & McWilliam, I.G. 1996. Modern Methods of

Chemical Analysis. New York: John Wiley & Son.

Willard, H.H., Merritt, L.L. & Dean, J.A. 1994. Instrumental Methods of Analysis. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

STKK6723 Sistem Pengurusan Kimia Sistem pengurusan kimia yang teratur dan sistem yang berkaitan sebagai ahli kimia dalam melindungi pekerja, orang awam dan alam sekitar: aspek dan aktiviti meliputi keseluruhan

kitaran hidup bahan kimia tersebut. Fungsi dan tanggungjawab ahli kimia: Akta Ahli

Kimia dan peranan Institut Kimia Malaysia. Konsep amalan makmal terbaik (GLP) dan pengakreditasian makmal di bawah Skim Akreditasi Makmal Malaysia (SAMM) dan ISO

17025. Undang-undang alam sekitar yang berkaitan, konsep amalan pembuatan terbaik

(GMP), pengurusan kualiti (ISO siri 9000) dan sistem pengurusan alam sekitar (ISO 14000).

Bacaan Asas Bahu, R., Critenden, B. & O‟Hara, J. 1997. Management of Process Industry Waste: An

Introduction. Rigby: Institution of Chemical Engineers.

Huber, L. 1993. Good Laboratory Practice-A Primer. Germany: Hewlett Packard Co.

Lipton, S. & Lynch, J. 1994. Handbook of Health Hazards Control in the Chemical

Process Industry. New York: John Wiley & Son. Parkany, M. 1994. Quality Assurance for Analytical Laboratories. London: Royal Society

of Chemistry.

Turner, G.R. 1994. Total Quality Management in the Chemical Industry-Strategies for Success. London: Royal Society of Chemistry.

STKK6762 Analisis Permukaan Kursus ini membincangkan kepentingan analisis permukaan, sistem vakum, 'mean free path' (MFP), fenomena fotoelektron dan elektron Auger. Spektroskopi elektron yang

melibatkan teori, instrumentasi dan analisis data bagi spektroskopi XPS, AES dan UPS.

Analisis permukaan sampel pepejal berasaskan fenomena jerapan/nyahjerapan sampel menggunakan gas N2, persamaan BET, luas permukaan, saiz liang dan taburan liang.

Jerapan selektif berasaskan jerapan kimia berasaskan gas H2 dan gas-gas lain. Kaedah

analisis permukaan yang lazim digunakan melibatkan teori instrumentasi dan penggunaan instrumen AFM, SEM dan TEM.


139

Bacaan Asas Niemantsverdriet, A. 1995. Spectroscopy in Catalysis-An Introduction. New York: VCH

Publ. Smith, G.C. 1994. Surface Analysis by Electron Spectroscopy-Measurement and

Interpretation. New York: Pergamon Press.

Stohr, J. 1992. NEXAFS Spectroscopy. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.

Walls, J.M. & Smith R. 1994. Surface Science Technique. New York: Pergamon Press. Walls, J.M. 1989. Method of Surface Science Technique and Application. Cambridge:


STKK6942 Teknik Radiokimia Kursus ini memperkenalkan teori umum, instrumentasi dan pelbagai kaedah dan aplikasi

berkaitan dengan bahan radioaktif dan radiasi pengionan dalam kimia. Penekanan akan diberikan kepada bidang analisis radiokimia dan teknik sinaran dalam sistem polimer.

Topik perbincangan termasuklah analisis pengaktifan neutron dan tindak balas nuklear,

analisis pencairan isotop, kaedah reagent-radio, analisis instrument berdasarkan

penyerapan dan serakan. Dalam teknik sinaran, perbincangan termasuklah aplikasi pengionan sinaran dalam pempolimeran dan pengubahsuaian polimer. Keselamatan sinaran

umum juga akan diberikan.

Bacaan Asas

Choppin, G., Liljenzen, J. O & Rydberg. 1995. Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry. 2nd Ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Ito & Tagawa 1991. Handbook of Radiation Chemistry. USA: CRS Press.

Arnikar H. J. 1981. Essential of Nuclear Chemistry. India: Eastern Wiley. Navaratil, O., Hala, J., Kopunec, R., Macasek, F., Mikulaj, V. & Leseticky, L.1992.

Nuclear Chemistry. London: Ellias Horwood.Tabata

Vertes, A. & Kiss I 1987. Nuclear Chemistry. Ney York: Elsevier.Tolgyessy,

J. & Bujduso, E. 1991. CRC Handbook of Radioanalytical Chemistry. USA: CRC Press. Vertes, A., Nagy, S. & Kelncsair, A. Z. 2003. Handbook of Nuclear Chemisty.

Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers

Wood, R. J. & Pikev, A., R. 1993. Applied Radiation Chemistry: Radiation Processing. London: John Wiley & Sons

STKK6972 Projek Penyelidikan I Kursus ini bertujuan mendedahkan pelajar kepada alam penyelidikan mengikut bidang khusus dalam kimia iaitu kimia organik, tak organik, analisis, fizik dan polimer. Pelajar

dikehendaki menjalankan pencarían maklumat secara sistematik. Pelajar perlu memahami

dengan mendalam intipati kajian literatur yang dijalankan. Projek penyelidikan ini akan dijalankan dalam dua semester berturut-turut dan pada hujung semester kedua, calon

dikehendaki menghantar laporan penyelidikan untuk dinilai. Tajuk-tajuk projek akan

diberikan oleh pensyarah yang telah dikenalpasti oleh program untuk membimbing pelajar

tersebut sepanjang pengajiannya. Projek penyelidikan I akan dinilai berdasarkan penulisan usulan penyelidikan dan pembentangan usulan penyelidikan.


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Bacaan Asas Pusat Pengajian Siswazah. 2009. Penulisan Gaya UKM. Bangi: Penerbit UKM.

STKK6986 Projek Penyelidikan II Projek Penyelidikan II adalah sambungan daripada Projek Penyelidikan I di mana pelajar

pada semester ini dikehendaki menulis satu disertasi hasil yang diperoleh di sepanjang

kerja penyelidikan. Penyelidikan yang dijalankan mendedahkan pelajar kepada pendekatan, teknik, pencerapan dan análisis data serta rumusan penyelidikan. Hasil

penyelidikan perlu ditulis dalam bentuk disertasi mengikut format yang ditetapkan.

Penilaian dibuat berdasarkan kepada hasil kerja penyelidikan, penulisan dan juga pembentangan akhir projek tersebut. Penulisan disertasi mestilah mengikut garis panduan

gaya UKM.


SARJANA SAINS (SAINS MAKANAN)

Pengenalan

Program Sains Makanan menawarkan Sarjana Sains secara tesis dan kerja kursus. Bidang

pengkhususan ini mempunyai kaitan yang rapat dengan aktiviti pengeluaran makanan bermula daripada ianya dituai atau disembelih sehinggalah dipasarkan dan sampai kepada

pengguna dalam keadaan yang selamat dan memenuhi keperluan dan citarasa pengguna.

Program ini penting dari segi kesinambungan dan penambahan ilmu bagi pelajar

yang ingin meneruskan pengajian di peringkat Doktor Falsafah yang mengikuti penyelidikan sepenuhnya. Siswazah yang dikeluarkan akan dilengkapi dengan

pengetahuan yang kukuh dalam bidang Sains Makanan dan Pemakanan. Adalah

diharapkan siswazah ini juga mampu menggunakan pengetahuan ini dalam penyelidikan dan penghasilan produk baru yang berkhasiat, memantau kualiti dan keselamatan

makanan, dapat menyumbang dalam perkembangan dasar makanan dan pemakanan

negara, membantu melaksanakan peraturan-peraturan makanan dan juga program

pendidikan sains makanan dan pemakanan.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang ingin memohon mengikuti Program Siswazah mestilah memenuhi syarat-

syarat berikut:

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda (Sains Makanan, Sains Makanan dan Pemakanan, Teknologi Makanan) dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) yang baik

daripada Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang

diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda dan mempunyai kelayakan lain

atau pengalaman yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;


141

atau

c) Calon yang tidak memenuhi syarat PNGK minimum yang ditetapkan boleh

dipertimbangkan dengan syarat calon mempunyai pengalaman penyelidikan dalam bidang berkaitan.

Jenis Program Program Sarjana Sains (Sains Makanan) menawarkan dua jenis program iaitu:

• Tesis

• Kerja kursus




OPP2: Memberikan pengetahuan mendalam dan membimbing penerokaan penyelidikan

terkini dalam bidang sains dan teknologi makanan yang mampu menangani isu

keselamatan, keharmonian dan keseimbangan alam sekitar.


kerja, mereka-bentuk penyelidikan baru dan inovasi bagi menghadapi cabaran dan

memenuhi permintaan dalam industri makanan semasa.

OPP4: Mendalami pengetahuan, kemahiran dan membina jaringan perkongsian ilmu

dalam bidang sains dan teknologi makanan yang menyumbang kepada

pembangunan pertanian, kesihatan dan industri makanan.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Penguasaan pengetahuan asas dan lanjutan menjalankan penyelidikan dalam

bidang sains dan teknologi makanan.

HPP2: Mempunyai kemampuan teknikal yang mendalam berkaitan bidang sains dan

teknologi makanan. HPP3: Berkemampuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan

penyelidikan sains dan teknologi makanan.

HPP4: Berkemampuan menggunakan kaedah saintifik untuk merekabentuk, menjalankan, menganalisis dan mentafsir data penyelidikan.


budaya dan persekitaran sebagai seorang ahli sains dan teknologi makanan yang profesional.

HPP6: Berkebolehan untuk berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis.


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ataupun berkumpulan beserta keupayaan menjadi pemimpin mahupun ahli

kumpulan yang berkesan. HPP8: Berkebolehan mengurus dan mengumpul maklumat serta melibatkan diri dalam


HPP9: Berkeupayaan untuk memperoleh kemahiran keusahawanan dan pengurusan bagi

memenuhi keperluan industri berasaskan makanan.

Struktur Program

Tesis

Setiap pelajar yang mendaftar program ini dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus 14 jam kredit

sebagai syarat untuk mendapatkan ijazah. Daripada 14 jam kredit tersebut 4 jam kredit

adalah bagi kursus wajib Fakulti dan 10 jam kredit adalah bagi kursus wajib program. Kursus yang wajib diambil adalah seperti berikut:


dan 10 jam kredit daripada mana-mana kursus pilihan berikut:-

Semester I

STKM6033 Sains Lemak dan Minyak

STKM6113 Mikrobiologi Makanan Lanjutan STKM6122 Teknik Eksperimen dalam Sains Makanan

STKM6712 Toksikologi Makanan dan Pemakanan

STKM6322 Teknik Semasa dalam Mikrobiologi Makanan STKM6323 Operasi Pemprosesan Makanan

Semester II

STKM6023 Teknologi Produk Berprotein

STKM6043 Teknologi Konfeksi Gula dan Coklat

STKM6063 Perisa Makanan STKM6123 Kimia Makanan Lanjutan

STKM6243 Pengurusan Keselamatan Makanan

STKM6722 Pembungkusan Makanan

Kerja kursus


sebagai syarat untuk mendapatkan ijazah. Daripada 40 jam kredit tersebut, 29 jam kredit adalah kursus wajib dan 11 jam kredit kursus pilihan. Pelajar boleh memilih mana-mana

kursus pilihan yang disenaraikan untuk memenuhi keperluan jam kredit kursus tersebut.


143


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

STKM6113 Mikrobiologi

Makanan

Lanjutan

STKM6122 Teknik

Eksperimen

dalam Sains

Makanan

STKM6313 Kualiti Makanan STKM6712 Toksikologi

Makanan dan

Pemakanan

STKM6973 Projek

Penyelidikan I

STKM6033 Sains Lemak

dan Minyak

STKM6323 Operasi

Pemprosesan

Makanan

STKM6322 Teknik Semasa

dalam

Mikrobiologi

Makanan

20

II

STKM6023 Teknologi

Produk

Berprotein

STKM6123 Kimia Makanan

Lanjutan

STKM6986 Projek Penyelidikan II

STKM6043 Teknologi

Konfeksi Gula

dan Coklat

STKM6063 Perisa

Makanan

STKM6243 Pengurusan Keselamatan

Makanan

STKM6722 Pembungkusan

Makanan

20

JUMLAH 29 11 40



STKM6023 Teknologi Produk Berprotein

STKM6033 Sains Lemak dan Minyak STKM6043 Teknologi Konfeksi Gula dan Coklat

STKM6063 Perisa Makanan

STKM6113 Mikrobiologi Makanan Lanjutan STKM6122 Teknik Eksperimen dalam Sains Makanan

STKM6123 Kimia Makanan Lanjutan


STKM6313 Kualiti Makanan STKM6322 Teknik Semasa dalam Mikrobiologi Makanan

STKM6323 Operasi Pemprosesan Makanan

STKM6712 Toksikologi Makanan dan Pemakanan STKM6722 Pembungkusan Makanan


144

STKM6973 Projek Penyelidikan I

STKM6986 Projek Penyelidikan II

Kandungan Kursus

STKM6023 Teknologi Produk Berprotein Kursus ini membincangkan pelbagai aspek sains dan teknologi protein haiwan dan

tumbuhan. Penekanan akan diberi kepada teknologi protein haiwan khususnya daging, susu dan telur. Aspek sains meliputi perkembangan komponen kimia dan biokimia, mutu

mikrobiologi dan perubahan fiziko-kimia komponen protein berkenaan. Aspek teknologi

akan menghuraikan teknologi pemprosesan daging, susu dan tenusu dan produk berasaskan telur. Penghasilan dan penggunaan hasil sampingan seperti lemak dan kulit haiwan, kulit

telur, wei dan laktosa akan dihuraikan.

Bacaan Asas Damodaran, D. 1997. Food Proteins and Their Applications. New York: CRC.

Lawrie, R.A. 1998. Meat Science. 6th Ed. Cambridge, England: Wrokhead Publ.

Nakai, S. (Ed.). 1996. Food Proteins:Properties and Characterization. New York: Wiley-VCH.

Thompson, A., Boland, M. & Singh, H. (Eds). 2008. Milk Proteins: From Expression to

Food. New York: Academic Press. Walstra, P., Noomen, T.J., Jelema, A. & van Boekel, MA.J.S. 1999. Dairy Technology:

Principles of Milk Properties and Processes. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.

William, J., Stadelman, W.J., Newkirk, D. & Newby, L. 1995. Egg Science and

Technology. New York: CRC.

STKM6033 Sains Lemak dan Minyak Kursus ini membincangkan pemprosesan lemak dan minyak untuk menghasilkan produk bernilai tambah. Ini termasuklah pemeringkatan, penghidrogenan, pentransesteran dan

pengadunan untuk menghasilkan pengemulsi (ester gula, DAG, MAG) dan lemak istimewa

(lipid berstruktur, lemak konfeksi, lelemak). Selain daripada itu, ciri-ciri polimorfisme

lemak dan minyak dan kepentingannya dalam penghijrahan lemak, keserasian dan pembentukan bebunga lemak juga dibincangkan. Perubahan fizik-kimia lemak dan

minyak semasa memasak juga dibahaskan. Peranan lemak dan minyak diet dalam

kesihatan dan penyakit (penyakit koronari jantung, obesiti) juga diterangkan.

Bacaan Asas Akoh, C.C. & Min, D.B. 1998. Food Lipids: Chemistry, Nutrition, and Biotechnology.

New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Garti, N. & Sato, K. 1988. Crystallization and Polimorphism of Fats and Fatty Acids.


Gunstone, F.D. & Padley, F.B. 1997. Lipid Technologies and Applications. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Gunstone F.D., Harwood, J.L. & Padley, F.B. 1995. The Lipid Handbook. 2nd Ed. London:

Chapman & Hall.


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Hamilton, R.J. 1995. Developments in Oils and Fats. London: Blakie Academic &

Professional.

STKM6043 Teknologi Konfeksi Gula dan Coklat Kursus ini merangkumi pemahaman secara komprehensif dan saintifik terhadap teknologi

konfeksi gula dan coklat secara teori dan praktikal. Skop kursus meliputi perbincangan

terhadap spesifikasi, bahan mentah, pemprosesan, kawalan mutu, jangka hayat, pembangunan produk baru dan penerimaan produk. Perbincangan juga tertumpu kepada

beberapa aspek fizikokimia produk seperti karbohidrat, pemanis, pengemulsi dan lemak.

Bahan mentah dan produk konfeksi yang akan dibincangkan ialah jeli dan gam, produk koko, kacang, pemanis, lemak, lemak koko gantian, gula-gula dan karamel. Perbincangan

ke atas pemprosesan produk akan meliputi aspek penghabluran, kepekatan, kesan adunan,

kesan pH, titik didih, penggunaan aditif makanan dan masalah penyimpanan.

Bacaan Asas

Beckett, S.T. 1994. Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use. 2nd Ed. London:

Chapman & Hall

Bernard, W.M. 1999. Chocolate, Cocoa and Confectionary: Science and Technology. 3rd

Ed., Maryland: Aspen Publ. Inc.

Lees, R. & Jackson, E.B. 1999. Sugar Confectionery & Chocolate Manufacture. London:

Chapman & Hall.

Jackson, E.B. 1995. Sugar Confectionery Manufacture. 2nd Ed. London: Chapman & Hall

Mathlouthi, M. & Reiser, P. 1994. Sucrose: Properties and Applications. London: Blackie

Academic & Professional.

Nazaruddin Ramli & Suriah Abdul Rahman. 2005. Koko Dan Coklat: Sumber, Pemprosesan Dan Nilai Pemakanan.

STKM6063 Perisa Makanan Kursus ini membincangkan tindak balas kimia bagi penghasilan perisa makanan semulajadi dalam tumbuhan dan haiwan serta pembentukan perisa semasa pemprosesan

makanan. Kaedah pemisahan dan pemencilan sebatian perisa turut dibincangkan.

Penekanan juga diberi kepada pengenalpastian perisa asing yang terbentuk semasa pemprosesan serta kaedah mengatasinya. Penghasilan perisa serupa semulajadi dan sintetik

juga turut dibincangkan. Pelajar turut diberikan latihan secara kumpulan untuk menentukan

penggunaan bahan perisa yang sesuai dengan produk makanan.

Bacaan Asas Bredie, W.L.P. & Petersen, M.A. 2006. Flavour Science: Recent Advances and Trends.

Amsterdam: Elsevier. Deibler, K.D. & van Ruth, S. 2005. Simulation of mouth condition for flavor analysis.

Hoboken, N.J.:John Wiley & Sons.

Jelen, H. 2011. Food Flavors: Chemical, Sensory and Technological Properties. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press.

Taylor, A.J. 2002. Food Flavour Technology. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd.


146

Taylor, A.J. & Hort, J. 2007. Modifying Flavour in Food. Cambridge: Woodhead

Publishing Limited.

STKM6113 Mikrobiologi Makanan Lanjutan Kursus ini membincangkan tentang aspek saintifik mikroorganisma yang mencemari

makanan, fisiologi dan biokimia mikroorganisma dalam makanan yang tercemar, dan

aspek-aspek kemandirian sel vegitatif dan spora mikroorganisma akibat terdedah kepada pelbagai teknik pengawetan makanan. Mekanisma penghasilan toksin oleh bakteria dan

tindakannya hingga menyebabkan keracunan makanan, secara infeksi dan intoksikasi akan

juga dibincangkan. Epidemiologi molekular, kaedah pantas untuk pensubtaipan bakteria dan analisis data, dan isu-isu kemunculan penyakit yang berpunca dari makanan dan

perundangan antarabangsa berkaitan dengan mikrobiologi makanan akan dipelajari.

Prinsip dan penggunaan ramalan mikrobiologi semasa pengawetan makanan bagi mengawal patogen makanan akan diperkenalkan disamping tajuk lain seperti penilaian

risiko mikrobiologi dan kriteria mikrobiologi. Teknik-teknik terkini berdasarkan kepada

imunologi dan genetik untuk mengesan dan menentukan beban mikroorganisma dalam

makanan khususnya patogen turut dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas Doyle, M.P., Beuchat, L.R. & Montville, T.J. 1997. Food Microbiolology: Fundamentals

and Frontiers. Washington DC: ASM Press.

Forsythe, S. J. 2002. Microbiological Risk Assessment. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

Fratamico, P. M., Bhunia, A. K. & Smith, J. L. 2005. Foodborne Pathogens: Microbiology and Molecular Biology. New York: Caister Academic Press.

International Commission for the Microbiological Specifications of Foods (ICMSF).

2006. Microorganisms in Foods 7: Microbiological Testing in Food Safety

Management. New York. Palino, M. V. 2007. Food Microbiology Research Trends. New York: Nova Science

Publishers.

International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF). 2011.

Microorganisms in Foods 8: Use of Data for Assessing Process Control and Product

Acceptance. New York: Corr.

STKM6122 Teknik Eksperimen dalam Sains Makanan Kursus ini membincangkan prinsip asas teknik menjalankan eksperimen dalam sains

makanan. Perbincangan juga merangkumi beberapa kaedah menjalankan eksperimen yang biasa dijalankan dalam bidang sains makanan, menganalisa dan merumuskan hasil

eksperimen serta penggunaan perisian untuk menganalisa data. Kursus ini akan

menekankan aspek praktikal selain dari teori.

Bacaan Asas Cornell, J. 2002. Experiments With Mixtures. Florida: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.

Fellows, P. 2000. Food Processing Technology: Principles & Practice. England: Ellis-Harwood Ltd., Chichester.

http://www.amazon.com/Microorganisms-Foods-Acceptance-Microbiological-Specifications/dp/1441993738/ref=sr_1_fkmr0_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1392082682&sr=8-2-fkmr0&keywords=advanced+food+microbiology+2011



147

Montgomery, D.C. 2005. Design and Analysis of Experiments. New York: John Wiley &

Sons. Inc.

Myers, R.H. & Montgomery, D.C. 2002. Response Surface Methodology. Florida: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.

Paulson, D.S. 2003. Applied Statistical Designs for the Researcher. Marcel Dekker, Inc.

New York.

STKM6123 Kimia Makanan Lanjutan Kursus ini akan membincangkan kimia protein, karbohidrat dan lipid dari aspek kimia dan

biokimia serta teknik-teknik analisis berinstrumen yang sesuai untuk permonitoran sifat fizikokimia bagi menentukan kualiti. Kimia protein yang akan dibincangkan tertumpu

kepada interaksi protein-air, protein-protein, protein-kanji dan protein-logam dan

kepentingannya dalam pemprosesan makanan. Teknologi ubahsuaian protein juga akan dibincangkan. Sementara kimia karbohidrat pula akan membincangkan dengan terperinci

tentang polisakarida dari segi hubungan struktur dengan fungsi, pengubahsuaian serta

penggunaan dalam industri makanan. Kimia lipid merangkumi tajuk-tajuk seperti

penghasilan lemak, pengkelasan lipid, produk bernilai tambah, polimorfisma, pengoksidaan, lipid terstruktur melalui kaedah interesterifikasi and dan penggunaan lipid

dalam sistem makanan. Teknik-teknik analisis lemak dan minyak juga akan dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas Srinivasan Damodaran, Kirk L. Parkin, Owen R. Fennema. 2007. Fennema's Food

Chemistry, Fourth Edition (Food Science and Technology). Springer H.-D. Belitz , Werner Grosch, Peter Schieberle. 2009. Food Chemistry. Springer-Verlag

Berlin Heidelberg.

Tom P. Coultate. 2009. Food: The Chemistry of Its Components. Royal Society of

Chemistry, London John M. deMan. 2013. Principles of Food Chemistry. Springer Science & Business, New

York.

David E. Newton. 2009. Food Chemistry. Infobase Publishing, New York.

STKM6243 Pengurusan Keselamatan Makanan Pengawalan kualiti makanan, pengurusan kualiti keseluruhan (TQM) dan pengurusan

keselamatan makanan dalam industri makanan akan dibincangkan. Kursus ini juga membincangkan konsep analisis risiko makanan dan traceability makanan. Pelajar juga

akan didedahkan mengenai pembangunan perundangan dan piawaian makanan

termasuklah perkara-perkara utama dalam Akta Makanan 1983 dan Peraturan Makanan 1985 serta Piawaian Malaysia bagi pelbagai kategori produk makanan. Peranan Codex

Alimentarius Commission dalam membangunkan pelbagai piawai dan panduan mengenai

pengeluaran makanan akan dijelaskan. Pelajar juga didedahkan secara mendalam kepada pembangunan dan mentadbirkan sistem kualiti sesuatu produk. Sistem kualiti yang cekap

amat perlu bagi tuk menghasilkan produk yang berkualiti dan selamat dan menepati

kehendak piawai dalam negara dan internasional. Prinsip kebersihan makanan, kod

amalan, kod Amalan Pengilangan baik, konsep makanan halal dan Analisis Bahaya dan Titik Kawalan Bahaya (HACCP) dan ISO9000 akan dibincangkan. Pembangunan dan


148

pentadbiran peraturan dan penguatkuasaan bersabit dengan sistem kualiti akan juga

dibincang dalam kursus ini.

Bacaan Asas Foster, S.T. 2004. Managing Quality: An Integrative Approach. Upper Saddle River, New

Jersey: Prentice Hall

Hoyle, D.2005. ISO9000 Quality Systems Handbook. 5th Ed. Butterworth Heinemann.

Publication

ICMSF. 1988. HACCP in Microbiological Safety and Quality. Oxford: Blackwell

Scientific

Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. 2006. Skim Pensijilan Amalan Pengilangan Yang Baik. Kuala Lumpur: Publication of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia

Ministry of Health Malaysia. 2001. Malaysian Certification for HACCP, Guideline for

HACCP Certification, Guidelines for HACCP Surveillance Audit, Guidelines for HACCP Compliance Audit, Publication of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia

Moretimore, S & Wellace, C. 1998. HACCP: A Practical Approach. 2nd Ed. Maryland :

Aspen Publication.

STKM6313 Kualiti Makanan Kursus ini mendalami aspek kawalan kualiti bagi beberapa jenis makanan tertentu.

Perhatian akan ditumpukan kepada pengawalan kualiti makanan tempatan untuk

kegunaan tempatan dan eksport. Kursus ini akan memperkenalkan kaedah-kaedah untuk membangunkan spesifikasi, menyediakan piawai serta kaedah mengukur ciri-ciri kualiti

termasuk kualiti berkaitan produk makanan halal. Kualiti buah-buahan khususnya

perubahan fisiologi yang dikaitkan dengan pemasakan dan hayat simpanan buah-buahan tropika akan dibincangkan. Kaedah-kaedah penilaian sensori seperti kaedah analisis

pemerihalan, kuantitatif, profil perisa dan profil tekstur yang mempunyai peranan dalam

kawalan mutu akan dihuraikan.

Bacaan Asas Aminah Abdullah. 2000. Prinsip Penilaian Sensori. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia International Trade Centre. 1991. Quality Control for the Food Industry: An Introductory

Handbook Geneva. UNCTAD/GATT.

Lawless, H.T. & Heyman, H. 1998. Sensory Evaluation of Food: Principles and Practices. New York: Chapman & Hall.

Maskowitz, H.R. 1985. New Directions for Product Testing and Sensory Analysis of

Foods. Wesport, Conn, USA: Food & Nutrition Press, Inc.

Marsili, R. 1996. Techniques for Analyzing Food Aroma. New York: Marcel Dekker. Inc.

STKM6322 Teknik Semasa dalam Mikrobiologi Makanan Kursus ini, teknik-teknik terkini dalam mikrobiologi makanan akan didedahkan kepada pelajar. Ini termasuklah pengesanan, pengenalpastian dan pencirian teknik-teknik berbeza

dalam mikrobiologi makanan seperti diagnostik berasaskan asid nukleik dan ELISA.

Pelajar diajar microbial yang biasa mencemari makanan dan bahan berisiko seperti Bovine


149

Spongiform Encephalophaty (BSE). Mereka juga akan didedahkan kepada penganalisaan

data dan pembelajaran epidemiologi molekular dari capjadi DNA yang telah didapati dan

diterangkan kemajuan terkini dalam diagnostik berasaskan asid nukleik untuk menentukan kandungan makanan dari aspek agama (Isu Halal), keselamatan, perundangan dan

pengakuan. Selain dari itu, penerangan dan kaedah dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang

berkaitan dengan mirob akan didedahkan kepada pelajar-pelajar.

Bacaan Asas

John R. Crowther. 2008. Elisa: Theory and Practice (Methods in Molecular Biology. 2nd

Ed. USA: Springer Protocol. Conrad Sachse. 2002. PCR Detection of Microbial Pathogens (Methods in Molecular

Biology). 1st Ed. USA: Humana Press.

Ron Fridell. 2001. DNA Fingerprinting: The Ultimate Identity. USA: Childrens Press.

STKM6323 Operasi Pemprosesan Makanan Kursus ini membincangkan aspek teknikal dan pengurusan operasi pemprosesan makanan. Aspek teknikal akan merangkumi prinsip dan aplikasi proses pengekstrakan, pemisahan,

penggorengan serta penyahasidan. Pelajar juga akan terlibat di dalam beberapa sesi

makmal. Aspek pengurusan pula akan merangkumi topik-topik seperti pengecaman dan pengesanan produk, carta kawalan proses, analisis titik pulangan, proses ukur tara dan

sebagainya.

Bacaan Asas Brennan, J.G., J.R. Butters, N.D. Cowell & A.W. Lilly. 1993. Food Engineering

Operations. Applied Science Publ. Ltd., London.

Erickson, D.R. 1990. Edible Fats and Oils Processing: Basic Principles and Modern Practices. Illinois: AOCS.

Fellows, P. 2000. Food Processing Technology: Principles & Practice. Chichester,

England: Ellis-Harwood Ltd.

Fennema, O.R. 1996. Food Chemistry. 2nd

Ed. New York.Marcel-Dekker Publ. Inc. Singh, R.P. 1998. Introduction to Food Engineering. New York: Academic Press.

STKM6712 Toksikologi Makanan dan Pemakanan Kursus ini membincangkan konsep asas dan gunaan dalam toksikologi makanan dan

pemakanan. Penekanan juga diberi kepada penyerapan, pengedaran, metobolisme

(biotransformasi) dan perkumuhan bahan beracun makanan. Beberapa bahan toksik semulajadi dan persekitaran akan diperkenalkan. Penekanan juga akan diberi kepada

mekanisme ketoksikan, pengawalan dan pencegahan ketoksikan makanan.

Bacaan Asas Barceloux, D.G. 2008. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi,

Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley and

Sons Inc. Dong, M.H. 2014. An Introduction to Environmental Toxicology Third Edition. South

Carolina, USA: CreateSpace Publishing.


150

Frank, P. and Ottoboni, M.A. 2011. The Dose Makes the Poison: A Plain-Language Guide

to Toxicology, 3rd

Edition. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Klaassen, C.D. 2013. Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 8th

Edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing.

Shibamoto, T and Bieldanes, L.F. 2009. Introduction to Food Toxicology, 2nd

Edition.

London, UK: Elsevier Inc.

STKM6722 Pembungkusan Makanan Merangkumi pengenalan dan fungsi serta jenis bahan-bahan pembungkusan makanan.

Pembungkusan produk makanan seperti sayuran dan buah-buahan, makanan cecair dan snek. Kaedah pembungkusan makanan mikro-gelombang, “retortable pouch” dan aseptik.

Kerosakan dan kadar tindakbalas makanan dan hayat simpanan. Pengiraan jangkaan jangka

hayat produk makanan juga akan dibincangkan. Bacaan Asas Robertson, G.L. 1992. Food Packaging – Principles and Practice. Marcell Dekker

Inc. New York.

Brody, A.L. & Marsh, K.S. 1997. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology. John Wiley & Sons. New York.

Mathlouthi, M. 1994. Food Packaging and Preservation – Theory and Practice. Elsevier

Applied Sci. Publ. London. David, J.R.D., Graves, R.H. and Carlson, V.R. 1996. Aseptic Processing and

packaging of Food – A Food Industry Perspective.CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Piringer, O.G. and Baner, A.L. 2000. Food Packaging Materials : Barrier Function, Mass Transport, Quality Assurance and Legislation. Wiley-VCH.

STKM6973 Projek Penyelidikan I Pelajar dikehendaki melaksanakan projek penyelidikan berkaitan bidang sains makanan.

Projek ini akan dijalankan dalam dua semester berturut-turut. Tajuk projek akan disediakan oleh penyelia yang dikenalpasti. Penilaian ke atas projek penyelidikan akan

dinilai berdasarkan penulisan cadangan penyelidikan, pembentangan cadangan

penyelidikan serta kemajuan yang dicapai di sepanjang semester. STKM6986 Projek Penyelidikan II Projek Penyelidikan II adalah sambungan kepada Projek Penyelidikan I. Setelah projek penyelidikan selesai, pelajar dikehendaki menulis disertasi dan mempertahankan hasil

kajian semasa pembentangan hasil serta peperiksaan lisan. Peraturan bagi penyediaan

disertasi dijelaskan dalam “Menulis Tesis Gaya UKM”.



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SAINS (PEMAKANAN)

Pengenalan

Program Pemakanan menawarkan Sarjana Sains secara tesis dan kerja kursus. Bidang

pengkhususan ini dirangka untuk melatih pelajar tentang kepentingan pengaruh pemakanan ke atas kesihatan serta memahami masalah pemakanan yang kompleks. Ia juga

mempunyai kaitan yang rapat dengan aktiviti pengeluaran makanan dan keselamatan

makanan kepada pengguna. Program ini penting daripada segi kesinambungan dan penambahan ilmu bagi pelajar

yang ingin meneruskan pengajian di peringkat Doktor Falsafah yang rata-rata mengikuti

penyelidikan sepenuhnya. Siswazah yang dikeluarkan akan dilengkapi dengan pengetahuan yang kukuh dalam bidang Sains Makanan dan Pemakanan. Adalah

diharapkan siswazah ini juga mampu menggunakan pengetahuan ini dalam penyelidikan

dan penghasilan produk baru yang berkhasiat, memantau kualiti dan keselamatan

makanan, dapat menyumbang dalam perkembangan dasar makanan dan pemakanan negara, membantu melaksana peraturan-peraturan makanan dan juga program pendidikan

makanan dan pemakanan.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang ingin memohon mengikuti Program Siswazah mestilah memenuhi syarat-

syarat berikut:

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda (Sains Makanan dan Pemakanan, Pemakanan atau Dietetik)

dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) yang baik dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh senat; atau

b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda dan mempunyai kelayakan lain

atau pengalaman yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau c) Calon yang tidak memenuhi syarat PNGK minimum yang ditetapkan boleh

dipertimbangkan dengan syarat calon mempunyai pengalaman penyelidikan dalam

bidang berkaitan.

Jenis Program Program Sarjana Sains (Pemakanan) menawarkan dua jenis program iaitu:

• Tesis

• Kerja kursus


OPP1: Berketerampilan dengan sahsiah dan akhlak terpuji yang dapat mendukung




152

OPP2: Memberikan pengetahuan mendalam dan membimbing penerokaan penyelidikan

terkini berhubung perkembangan tabiat pemakanan mengikut budaya, persekitaran

dan perubahan sikap masyarakat.


kerja, mereka-bentuk penyelidikan baru dan inovasi bagi menghadapi cabaran dan

memenuhi permintaan dalam bidang pemakanan oleh industri makanan semasa.

OPP4: Membangunkan dan membentuk jaringan perkongsian ilmu untuk menjalankan

penyelidikan secara berkesan dan saksama bagi menghadapi cabaran permintaan

industri makanan dan pemakanan.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Penguasaan pengetahuan asas dan lanjutan menjalankan penyelidikan dalam

bidang pemakanan. HPP2: Mempunyai kemampuan teknikal yang mendalam berkaitan bidang pemakanan.

HPP3: Berkemampuan untuk mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah berkaitan

penyelidikan pemakanan. HPP4: Berkemampuan menggunakan kaedah saintifik untuk merekabentuk, menjalankan,



budaya dan persekitaran sebagai ahli pemakanan yang profesional. HPP6: Kebolehan untuk berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis.


ataupun berkumpulan beserta keupayaan menjadi pemimpin mahupun ahli kumpulan yang berkesan.

HPP8: Berkebolehan mengurus dan mengumpul maklumat serta melibatkan diri dalam

pembelajaran sepanjang hayat dan memiliki kemampuan untuk berbuat demikian. HPP9: Berkeupayaan untuk memperolehi kemahiran keusahawanan dan pengurusan bagi

memenuhi keperluan industri berasaskan pemakanan dan masyarakat.

Struktur Program

Tesis Setiap pelajar yang mendaftar program ini dikehendaki dan mendaftar dan lulus 14 jam

kredit sebagai syarat untuk mendapatkan ijazah. Daripada 14 jam kredit tersebut 4 jam

kredit wajib Fakulti dan 10 jam kredit wajib program. Kursus yang wajib diambil adalah seperti berikut:


dan 10 jam kredit daripada mana-mana kursus pilihan berikut:-


153

Semester I

STKM6033 Sains Lemak dan Minyak STKM6122 Teknik Eksperimen Dalam Sains Makanan

STKM6223 Teknik Penyediaan Pemakanan

STKM6313 Kualiti Makanan

STKM6413 Pemakanan dan Penuaan STKM6712 Toksikologi Makanan dan Pemakanan

Semester II


STKM6213 Pemakanan Gunaan STKM6222 Interaksi Nutrien dan Ubat


STKM6333 Terapi Diet Lanjutan

Kerja kursus


sebagai syarat untuk mendapatkan ijazah. Daripada 40 jam kredit tersebut, 29 jam kredit adalah kursus wajib dan 11 jam kredit kursus pilihan. Pelajar boleh memilih mana-mana

kursus pilihan yang disenaraikan untuk memenuhi keperluan jam kredit kursus tersebut.


I


STKM6223 Teknik

Penyelidikan

Pemakanan

STKM6313 Kualiti

Makanan

STKM6712 Toksikologi

Makanan dan

Pemakanan

STKM6973 Projek

Penyelidikan I

STKM6413 Pemakanan dan

Penuaan

STKM6033 Sains Lemak dan

Minyak

STKM6122 Teknik

Eksperimen

Dalam Sains

Makanan

20

II

STKM6213 Pemakanan

Gunaan STKM6222 Interaksi

Nutrien dan

Ubat-Ubatan

STKM6333 Terapi Diet

Lanjutan

STKM6986 Projek

Penyelidikan II


STKM6243 Pengurusan

Keselamatan

Makanan

20

JUMLAH 29 11 40


154



STKM6033 Sains Lemak dan Minyak

STKM6063 Perisa Makanan STKM6122 Teknik Eksperimen dalam Sains Makanan

STKM6213 Pemakanan Gunaan

STKM6222 Interaksi Nutrien dan Ubat-ubatan STKM6223 Teknik Penyelidikan Pemakanan


STKM6313 Kualiti Makanan STKM6333 Terapi Diet Lanjutan

STKM6413 Pemakanan dan Penuaan

STKM6712 Toksikologi Makanan dan Pemakanan

STKM6973 Projek Penyelidikan I STKM6986 Projek Penyelidikan II

Kandungan Kursus

STKM6033 Sains Lemak dan Minyak Kursus ini membincangkan pemprosesan lemak dan minyak untuk menghasilkan produk

bernilai tambah. Ini termasuklah pemeringkatan, penghidrogenan, pentransesteran dan

pengadunan untuk menghasilkan pengemulsi (ester gula, DAG, MAG) dan lemak istimewa (lipid berstruktur, lemak konfeksi, lelemak). Selain daripada itu, ciri-ciri polimorfisme

lemak dan minyak dan kepentingannya dalam penghijerahan lemak, keserasian dan

pembentukan bebunga lemak juga dibincangkan. Perubahan fizik-kimia lemak dan minyak semasa memasak juga dibahaskan. Peranan lemak dan minyak diet dalam

kesihatan dan penyakit (penyakit koronari jantung, keobesan) juga diterangkan.

Bacaan Asas Akoh, C.C. & Min, D.B. 1998. Food Lipids: Chemistry, Nutrition and Biotechnology.


Garti, N. & Sato, K. 1988. Crystallization and Polimorphism of Fats and Fatty Acids. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Gunstone, F.D. & Padley, F.B. 1997. Lipid Technologies and Applications. New York:

Marcel Dekker, Inc. Gunstone F.D., Harwood, J.L. & Padley, F.B. 1995. The Lipid Handbook. 2

nd Ed. London:

Chapman & Hall.

Hamilton, R.J. 1995. Developments in Oils and Fats. London: Blakie Academic &

Professional.

STKM6063 Perisa Makanan Kursus ini membincangkan tindakbalas kimia bagi penghasilan perisa makanan semulajadi dalam tumbuhan dan haiwan serta pembentukan perisa semasa pemprosesan makanan.

Kaedah pemisahan dan pemencilan sebatian perisa turut dibincangkan. Penekanan juga


155

diberi kepada pengenalpastian perisa asing yang terbentuk semasa pemprosesan serta

kaedah mengatasinya. Manakala penghasilan perisa serupa semulajadi dan sintetik juga

turut dibincangkan. Pelajar turut diberikan latihan secara kumpulan untuk menentukan penggunaan bahan perisa yang sesuai dengan produk makanan.

Bacaan Asas Bredie, W.L.P. & Petersen, M.A. 2006. Flavour Science: Recent Advances and Trends.

Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Deibler, K.D. & van Ruth, S. 2005. Simulation of mouth condition for flavor analysis.

Hoboken, N.J.:John Wiley & Sons. Jelen, H. 2011. Food Flavors: Chemical, Sensory and Technological Properties. Boca

Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press.

Taylor, A.J. 2002. Food Flavour Technology. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd. Taylor, A.J. & Hort, J. 2007. Modifying Flavour in Food. Cambridge: Woodhead

Publishing Limited.

STKM6122 Teknik Eksperimen Dalam Sains Makanan Kursus ini membincangkan prinsip asas teknik menjalankan eksperimen dalam sains

makanan. Perbincangan juga merangkumi beberapa kaedah menjalankan eksperimen yang biasa dijalankan dalam bidang sains makanan, menganalisa dan merumuskan hasil

eksperimen serta penggunaan perisian untuk menganalisa data. Kursus ini akan

menekankan aspek praktikal selain dari teori.

Bacaan Asas Cornell, J. 2002. Experiments With Mixtures. Florida: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.



Sons. Inc. Myers, R.H. & Montgomery, D.C. 2002. Response Surface Methodology. Florida: John

Wiley & Sons. Inc.


New York. STKM6213 Pemakanan Gunaan Kursus ini membincangkan tentang tabiat makanan kumpulan etnik di Malaysia. Beberapa program berkaitan dengan pemakanan di Malaysia juga akan dibincangkan. Di samping itu

pelajar akan didedahkan kepada kerja lapangan yang berhubungan dengan pemakanan, di

mana pelajar akan melibatkan diri dalam perancangan, implementasi, pengajaran dan penilaian projek yang perlu dijalankan.

Bacaan Asas Bauer, K.D, Liou, D. and Sokolik, C.A. 2012. Nutrition Counseling and Education Skill

Development. Belmont CA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.


156

Frank, G. 2008. Community Nutrition: Applying Epidemiology to Contemporary Practice,

2nd

Edition. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publisher.

Mahan, L.K., Stump, S.E & Raymond, J.L. 2012. Krause’s food and the nutrition care process, 13

th Edition. Missouri: Elsevier Saunders.

Nix, S. 2013. William’s Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy, 14th Edition. Missouri: Elsevier

Mosby.

Nnakwe, N.E. 2009. Community Nutrition: Planning Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 2

nd Edition. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publisher.

STKM6222 Interaksi Nutrien dan Ubatan-ubatan Kursus ini membincangkan kesan-kesan nutrien terhadap kemujarapan/spesifikasi dan

ketoksikan ubat-ubatan. Pelajar juga akan didedahkan kepada kesan ubat-ubatan terhadap

penyerapan, penyebaran dan metabolisme nutrien-nutrien. Penekanan juga akan diberi kepada tindakbalas-tindakbalas yang diaruhkan oleh dadah atau ubat-ubatan contohnya

alkohol dan makanan. Juga kesan interaksi aditif makanan dan supplemen dengan ubat-

ubatan terhadap penyakit-penyakit tertentu akan dihuraikan.

Bacaan Asas Boullata, J.I. & Armenti, V. T. (eds.). 2000. Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions.

New York: Springer-Verlag. Lininger, S. W. 1999. A-Z Guide To Drug-Herb and Vitamin Interaction. New York:

Prima Communications, Inc.

Mahan, L. K. & Escott-Stump, S. 2008. Krause's Food & Nutrition Therapy. Missouri: Saunders Elsevier, Pub.

McCabe, B. J., Wolfe, J. J. & Frankel, E. H. 2003. Handbook of Food-Drug Interactions.

Florida: CRC Boca Raton.

Meckling, K. A. 2007. Nutrient-Drug Interactions. Florida: CRC/Taylor & Francis.

STKM6223 Teknik Penyelidikan Pemakanan Prinsip teknik penyelidikan dalam bidang pemakanan diperkenalkan. Pelajar akan

didedahkan kepada Kajian menggunakan haiwan eksperimen termasuk penilaian biologi

seperti nisbah kecekapan protein, esai biologi in vivo, penghadaman in vitro dan

keseimbangan tenaga. Pelajar juga akan didedahkan kepada kajian secara survei dan

penyelidikan klinikal. Sebagai latihan, pelajar akan menggunakan prinsip penyelidikan ke

dalam projek berkumpulan dengan menggunakan haiwan eksperimen.

Bacaan Asas Akins, C. K., Panicker S. & Cunningham, C. L. (eds.) 2004. Laboratory Animals In

Research And Teaching: Ethics, Care, and Methods. Washington, D.C.: APA

Choo, S.C. & Liu, J.P. 1998. Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials: Concept and

Methodologies. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

FAO/WHO. 1985. Energy and Protein Requirements. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 724. Geneva:WHO.


157

James, W.P.T. & Schofield E.C. 1990. Human Energy Requirements. A Manual for

Planners and Nutritionists. Oxford: Oxford Medical Public.

Langley, G. 1989. Animal Experimentation: The Consensus Changes. Hamsphire: the Macmillan Press.

STKM6243 Pengurusan Keselamatan Makanan Pengawalan kualiti makanan, pengurusan kualiti keseluruhan (TQM) dan pengurusan keselamatan makanan dalam industri makanan akan dibincangkan. Kursus ini juga

membincangkan konsep analisis risiko makanan dan traceability makanan. Pelajar juga

akan didedahkan mengenai pembangunan perundangan dan piawaian makanan termasuklah perkara-perkara utama dalam Akta Makanan 1983 dan Peraturan Makanan

1985 serta Piawaian Malaysia bagi pelbagai kategori produk makanan. Peranan Codex

Alimentarius Commission dalam membangunkan pelbagai piawai dan panduan mengenai pengeluaran makanan akan dijelaskan. Pelajar juga didedahkan secara mendalam kepada

pembangunan dan mentadbirkan sistem kualiti sesuatu produk. Sistem kualiti yang cekap

amat perlu bagi tuk menghasilkan produk yang berkualiti dan selamat dan menepati

kehendak piawai dalam negara dan internasional. Prinsip kebersihan makanan, kod amalan, kod Amalan Pengilangan baik, konsep makanan halal dan Analisis Bahaya dan

Titik Kawalan Bahaya (HACCP) dan ISO9000 akan dibincangkan. Pembangunan dan

pentadbiran peraturan dan penguatkuasaan bersabit dengan sistem kualiti akan juga dibincang dalam kursus ini.

Bacaan Asas Foster, S.T. 2004. Managing Quality: An Integrative Approach. Upper Saddle River, New


Hoyle, D. 2005. ISO9000 Quality Systems Handbook. 5th Ed. Butterworth Heinemann.

Publication. ICMSF. 1988. HACCP In Microbiological Safety and Quality. Oxford: Blackwell

Scientific.

Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. 2006. Skim Pensijilan Amalan Pengilangan Yang Baik. Kuala Lumpur: Publication of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia.


HACCP Certification, Guidelines for HACCP Surveillance Audit, Guidelines for

HACCP Compliance Audit, Publication of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Moretimore, S & Wellace, C. 1998. HACCP: A Practical Approach. 2

nd Ed. Maryland :

Aspen Publication.

STKM6313 Kualiti Makanan Kursus ini mendalami aspek kawalan kualiti bagi beberapa jenis makanan tertentu.

Perhatian akan ditumpukan kepada pengawalan kualiti makanan tempatan untuk kegunaan tempatan dan eksport. Kursus ini akan memperkenalkan kaedah-kaedah untuk

membangunkan spesifikasi, menyediakan piawai serta kaedah mengukur ciri-ciri kualiti

termasuk kualiti berkaitan produk makanan halal. Kualiti buah-buahan khususnya

perubahan fisiologi yang dikaitkan dengan pemasakan dan hayat simpanan buah-buahan tropika akan dibincangkan. Kaedah-kaedah penilaian sensori seperti kaedah analisis


158

pemerihalan, kuantitatif, profil perisa dan profil tekstur yang mempunyai peranan dalam

kawalan mutu akan dihuraikan.

Bacaan Asas Aminah Abdullah. 2000. Prinsip Penilaian Sensori. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia

International Trade Centre. 1991. Quality Control for the Food Industry: An Introductory handbook Geneva. UNCTAD/GATT.

Lawless, H.T. & Heyman, H. 1998. Sensory Evaluation of Food: Principles and

Practices. New York: Chapman & Hall. Maskowitz, H.R. 1985. New Directions for Product Testing and Sensory Analysis of



STKM6333 Terapi Diet Lanjutan Kursus ini akan menyelami aspek pemakanan yang menjadi teras untuk rawatan kepada

keadaan patologi tertentu. Penyelenggaraan pemakanan yang baik dapat membantu

pesakit yang menghidap penyakit akut dan kronik untuk mengatasi masalah seperti tekanan, trauma, infeksi, perubahan metabolik dan kesan pembedahan. Pelajar akan

didedahkan kepada fisiologi penyakit dan pelbagai aspek pemakanan seperti pemakanan

enteral, parenteral, pemakanan untuk penyakit seperti barah, gastrousus, hepar, ginjal, diabetes melitus, kardiovaskular dan alahan makanan.

Bacaan Asas Burtis, G., Davis, J. & Martin, S. 1988. Applied Nutrition and Diet Therapy.

Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co.

Mahan, L.K. & Stump, S.E. 2008. Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy. Edisi ke-

11. Phildelphia: W.B. Saunders Co. Robinson, C.H., Weigley, E.S. & Mueller, D.H. 1993. Basic Nutrition and Diet

Theraphy. 7th Ed. New York : Macmillan Publ. Co.

Williams, S., R. 1993. Nutrition and Diet Therapy. 7th Ed. Missouri : Mosby company.

Zeman, F.J. 1991. Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics. 2nd

Ed. New York : Macmillan Publ.

Co.

STKM6413 Pemakanan dan Penuaan Kursus ini membincangkan tentang demografi wargatua, beberapa teori berkaitan dengan

proses penuaan serta pengaruh persekitaran, sosial, psikologi, biologi dan fisiologi yang

berlaku semasa proses ini. Masalah malnutrisi yang mungkin dihadapi warga tua, aspek keperluan pemakanan dan pengurusan diet serta kefungsian dan kualiti hidup juga akan

dibincangkan. Pelajar juga akan didedahkan kepada beberapa kemudahan dan institusi

wargatua yang disediakan di Malaysia untuk golongan ini.


159

Bacaan Asas Mahan, L.K. & Stump, S.E. 2008. Krause's Food & Nutrition Therapy. Edisi ke-11.

Canada: Saunders Elsevier. Morley, J.E. & Thomas, D.R. 2007. Geriatric Nutrition. New York: CRC Press.

Perlmutter, M & Hall, E. 1992. Adult Development and Aging. 2nd

Ed. New York: John

Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Roe, D. A. 1987. Geriatric NUTRITION. 2nd

Ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Suriah Abdul Rahman. 2001. Pemakanan Wargatua. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa &

Pustaka.

STKM6712 Toksikologi Makanan dan Pemakanan Kursus ini membincangkan konsep asas dan gunaan dalam toksikologi makanan dan

pemakanan. Penekanan juga diberi kepada penyerapan, pengedaran, metabolisme (biotransformasi) dan perkumuhan bahan beracun makanan. Beberapa bahan toksik

semulajadi dan persekitaran akan diperkenalkan. Penekanan juga akan diberi kepada

mekanisme ketoksikan, pengawalan dan pencegahan ketoksikan makanan.

Bacaan Asas

Barceloux, D.G. 2008. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi,

Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Dong, M.H. 2014. An Introduction to Environmental Toxicology Third Edition. South

Carolina, USA: CreateSpace Publishing. Frank, P. and Ottoboni, M.A. 2011. The Dose Makes the Poison: A Plain-Language Guide

to Toxicology, 3rd

Edition. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Klaassen, C.D. 2013. Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 8th

Edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. Shibamoto, T and Bieldanes, L.F. 2009. Introduction to Food Toxicology, 2

nd Edition.


STKM6973 Projek Penyelidikan I Pelajar dikehendaki melaksanakan projek penyelidikan berkaitan bidang pemakanan.

Projek ini akan dijalankan dalam dua semester berturut-turut. Tajuk projek akan

disediakan oleh penyelia yang dikenalpasti. Penilaian ke atas projek penyelidikan akan dinilai berdasarkan penulisan cadangan penyelidikan, pembentangan cadangan

penyelidikan serta kemajuan yang dicapai di sepanjang semester.

STKM6986 Projek Penyelidikan II Projek Penyelidikan II adalah sambungan kepada Projek Penyelidikan I. Setelah projek

penyelidikan selesai, pelajar dikehendaki menulis disertasi dan mempertahankan hasil kajian semasa pembentangan hasil serta peperiksaan lisan. Peraturan bagi penyediaan

disertasi dijelaskan dalam “Menulis Tesis Gaya UKM”.



160

PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS MATEMATIK


161

PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS MATEMATIK

Pengenalan

Pusat Pengajian Sains Matematik (PPSM) bermula dengan tertubuhnya Jabatan Matematik pada tahun 1970, seiring dengan penubuhan UKM. Pada tahun 1978, Unit Statistik dan

Sains Komputer diwujudkan dalam Jabatan Matematik. Pada tahun 1982, Jabatan

Matematik dinaikkan taraf menjadi sebuah fakulti yang dikenali sebagai Pusat Pengajian Kuantitatif (PPK) yang terdiri daripada Jabatan Matematik, Jabatan Statistik dan Jabatan

Sains Komputer. Seterusnya pada tahun 1991, PPK ditukar nama kepada Fakulti Sains

Matematik dan Komputer (FSMK). Pada tahun 1994 pula FSMK terpisah menjadi dua

fakulti, iaitu Fakulti Sains Matematik (FSM) dan Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat (FTSM). Pada tahun 1996, FSM menubuhkan Pusat Peningkatan Kualiti dan Produktiviti

bagi mempromosi sains matematik kepada pihak luar. Pada 19 Julai 1999, FSM menjadi

Pusat Pengajian Sains Matematik (PPSM) di bawah Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi. Penubuhan PPSM mengintegrasi ilmu pengetahuan dalam beberapa bidang utama sains

matematik seperti Matematik, Statistik, Sains Aktuari serta Peningkatan Kualiti dan

Produktiviti.

Bidang Penyelidikan dan Ijazah yang Ditawarkan

Pusat Pengajian Sains Matematik menjalankan penyelidikan dalam berbagai bidang kajian

seperti Aljabar, Analisis Kompleks, Teori Kumpulan, Matematik Kabur, Mekanik Bendalir, Sistem Dinamik, Kaedah Berangka, Matematik Komputeran, Pemodelan

Bermatematik, Biomekanik, Pengoptimuman, Etnomatematik, Sejarah dan Falsafah Sains

Matematik, Matematik Pengurusan, Matematik Kewangan, Pemodelan Aktuari, Pemodelan Multi-aras, Pemodelan Berstatistik, Statistik Perubatan, Statistik Sosial, Kajian

Lalu lintas, Peramalan dan Pemodelan Siri Masa, Proses Stokastik, Teknik Pensampelan,

Pemprosesan Imej, Pengurusan Kualiti Menyeluruh, Kawalan Proses dan Peningkatan Kualiti serta Pengukuran Produktiviti.

Pada peringkat pengajian siswazah, Pusat Pengajian Sains Matematik menawarkan

program berikut:

a) Doktor Falsafah

Matematik

Statistik

Peningkatan Kualiti dan Produktiviti

b) Sarjana Sains

Tesis

Matematik

Statistik

Kerja Kursus

Matematik

Statistik


162

Peningkatan Kualiti dan Produktiviti

Kerja Kursus Peralihan

Statistik

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang ingin memohon mengikuti program-program tersebut di Pusat Pengajian Sains

Matematik mestilah mempunyai kelayakan seperti berikut:

Doktor Falsafah

a) Ijazah Sarjana Sains dalam bidang sains matematik daripada Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau b) Kelulusan lain yang setara dengan Ijazah Sarjana Sains atau kelayakan lain seperti


c) Sedang mengikuti program Sarjana Sains di Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia dengan keputusan yang memuaskan dan diperakukan oleh Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah

Fakulti untuk menukar status kepada Program Doktor Falsafah dengan kelulusan

fakulti; atau

d) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains atau kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan memperoleh Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) sekurang-kurangnya 3.67

daripada Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang


Sarjana Sains

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan PNGK yang baik dalam bidang sains matematik

daripada Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

b) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan PNGK yang baik dalam bidang sains, teknologi dan

perubatan atau Ijazah Sarjanamuda dalam bidang sains sosial daripada Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

c) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dalam bidang sains, teknologi dan perubatan atau Ijazah

Sarjanamuda dalam bidang sains sosial daripada Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat serta pengalaman bekerja yang

bersesuaian.

Jenis Pengajian

Doktor Falsafah

Calon yang mengikuti program Doktor Falsafah dikehendaki mendaftar kursus STPD6014

Kaedah Penyelidikan dan juga pendaftaran tesis untuk setiap semester sehingga tamat

pengajian. Calon perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan penyelia atau jawatankuasa

siswazah tidak kurang daripada 40 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar sepenuh masa dan 20 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar separuh masa.


163

Sarjana Sains

Tesis Calon yang mengikuti program Sarjana Sains secara tesis dikehendaki mengambil 12 jam

kredit kursus yang terdiri daripada kursus STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan dan dua kursus

yang berkaitan dengan bidang penyelidikan dan penulisan tesis sebagai syarat untuk

mendapatkan Ijazah Sarjana.

Kerja kursus

Calon yang mengikuti program Sarjana Sains secara kerja kursus dikehendaki mengikuti dan lulus sekurang-kurangnya 32 jam kredit kursus (kursus wajib dan pilihan) di samping

menyiapkan sebuah Projek Penyelidikan yang bernilai 8 jam kredit.

Kerja kursus peralihan Calon yang diterima masuk ke program Sarjana Sains (Statistik) secara kerja kursus tanpa

mempunyai asas kukuh dikehendaki mengikut kursus peralihan. Untuk tujuan ini mereka dikehendaki mengambil tiga kursus bernilai 12 jam kredit. Setiap calon yang mengikuti

kursus peralihan perlu mendapat purata gred sekurang-kurangnya B bagi semua kursus-

kursus seperti yang dicadangkan untuk membolehkan mereka terus mengikuti program Sarjana Sains (Statistik).

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (MATEMATIK)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan pelajar yang berketrampilan dan bersahsiah tinggi, beretika dan mempunyai daya saing.

OPP2: Untuk melengkapkan pelajar dengan keupayaan menterjemah dan mensintesis

pemahaman mereka terhadap alam, manusia dan pembangunan. OPP3: Untuk melengkapkan pelajar dengan kesedaran terhadap alam sekitar dan

mendokong pembangunan mapan.

OPP4: Untuk melengkapkan pelajar dengan kebolehan menggunakan kaedah

penyelesaian bermatematik seperti analisis, pemodelan, pengaturcaraan dan perisian matematik dalam menangani isu-isu pembangunan dan perubahan semasa.

OPP5: Untuk melengkapkan pelajar dengan pendekatan saintifik dalam menjana dan

berkongsi pengetahuan yang bersifat inter dan intra disiplin. OPP6: Untuk melengkapkan pelajar dengan daya kreativiti dan inovasi yang tinggi dan

mampu menyumbang idea kepada proses penggubalan dasar, pembuatan

keputusan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan.


164

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berupaya memperoleh dan menggunakan pengetahuan matematik.

HPP2: Berkebolehan merangka reka bentuk kaedah dan model matematik yang bersesuaian dengan masalah.

HPP3: Berkemampuan menganalisis dan mentafsir penyelesaian dan menjana idea baru

berasaskan penyelesaian tersebut.

HPP4: Berkebolehan memperoleh, mengguna dan menjana maklumat. HPP5: Berkekuatan mengendalikan emosi.

HPP6: Menjunjung akhlak mulia dan nilai-nilai estetika terhadap Pencipta, pelanggan dan

masyarakat. HPP7: Berkeupayaan memimpin, bekerja secara berpasukan dan mengutamakan kejayaan

bersama.

HPP8: Berupaya berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis dengan berkesan dalam Bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris.

HPP9: Berkebolehan memahami dampak penyelesaian matematik dalam pelbagai dimensi

kehidupan.

HPP10: Berkebolehan mengiktiraf keperluan pembelajaran berterusan dan mengamalkannya sepanjang hayat.

HPP11: Memiliki ciri-ciri keusahawanan

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (STATISTIK)

OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Melahirkan pelajar yang berketrampilan dan bersahsiah tinggi, beretika dan

mempunyai daya saing;

OPP2: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan keupayaan menterjemah dan mensintesis pemahaman mereka terhadap alam, manusia dan pembangunan;

OPP3: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan kesedaran terhadap alam sekitar dan mendokong

pembangunan mapan;

OPP4: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan kebolehan menggunakan kaedah penyelesaian bermatematik seperti analisis, pemodelan, pengaturcaraan dan perisian matematik

dalam menangani isu-isu pembangunan dan perubahan semasa;

OPP5: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan pendekatan saintifik dalam menjanakan dan berkongsi pengetahuan yang bersifat inter- dan intra-disiplin; dan

OPP6: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan daya kreativiti dan inovasi yang tinggi dan mampu

menyumbang idea kepada proses penggubalan dasar, pembuatan keputusan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berupaya untuk menerapkan pengetahuan statistik. HPP2: Berkebolehan merangka reka bentuk kaedah yang bersesuaian dengan masalah

yang dihadapi.


165

HPP3: Berkemampuan menganalisis dan mentafsirkan penyelesaian yang diperoleh dan

menjana idea baru berasaskan penyelesaian tersebut.


HPP6: Menjunjung akhlak mulia dan nilai-nilai estetika terhadap Pencipta, pelanggan dan

masyarakat.

HPP7: Berkeupayaan untuk memimpin, bekerja secara berpasukan dan mengutamakan kejayaan bersama.

HPP8: Berupaya untuk berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis dengan berkesan dalam

Bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris. HPP9: Berkebolehan untuk memahami dampak penyelesaian statistik dalam pelbagai

dimensi kehidupan.

HPP10:Berkebolehan untuk mengiktiraf keperluan pembelajaran berterusan dan mengamalkannya sepanjang hayat.

HPP11: Memiliki ciri-ciri keusahawanan.

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (PENINGKATAN KUALITI DAN

PRODUKTIVITI)


mempunyai daya saing; OPP2: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan keupayaan menterjemah dan mensintesis

pemahaman mereka terhadap alam, manusia dan pembangunan;

OPP3: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan kesedaran terhadap alam sekitar dan mendokong pembangunan mapan;

OPP4: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan kebolehan menggunakan kaedah penyelesaian

bermatematik seperti analisis, pemodelan, pengaturcaraan dan perisian matematik

dalam menangani isu-isu pembangunan dan perubahan semasa; OPP5: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan pendekatan saintifik dalam menjanakan dan

berkongsi pengetahuan yang bersifat inter- dan intra-disiplin; dan

OPP6: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan daya kreativiti dan inovasi yang tinggi dan mampu menyumbang idea kepada proses penggubalan dasar, pembuatan keputusan dan

pelaksanaan pembangunan.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berupaya untuk menerapkan pengetahuan kualiti dan produktiviti.

HPP2: Berkebolehan merangka reka bentuk kaedah yang bersesuaian dengan masalah

yang dihadapi. HPP3: Berkemampuan menganalisis dan mentafsirkan penyelesaian yang diperoleh dan




166

HPP6: Menjunjung akhlak mulia dan nilai-nilai estétika terhadap Pencipta, pelanggan dan

masyarakat.



Bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris.

HPP9: Berkebolehan untuk memahami dampak penyelesaian kualiti dan produktiviti dalam pelbagai dimensi kehidupan.

HPP10:Berkebolehan untuk mengiktiraf keperluan pembelajaran berterusan dan

mengamalkannya sepanjang hayat. HPP11: Memiliki ciri-ciri keusahawanan.

SARJANA SAINS (MATEMATIK)

Pengenalan

Program Sarjana Sains (Matematik) ini diolah supaya pelajar dapat membina keupayaan berfikir dengan lebih mantap, menilai secara kritis dan terarah kepada penyelesaian

masalah serta membolehkan cara komunikasi yang berkesan. Modul-modul yang

ditawarkan adalah modul Matematik Tulen, Matematik Gunaan dan Matematik Pengurusan dan Kewangan yang merupakan hasil yang tersepadu berpandukan pembinaan

insan dan kesatuan ilmu yang membina bakal pemimpin ilmu, masyarakat dan industri.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang ingin memohon mestilah mempunyai kelayakan seperti berikut:

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan PNGK yang baik dalam bidang matematik dengan

komponen matematik tulen yang secukupnya daripada Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

b) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan PNGK yang baik dalam bidang matematik dengan komponen matematik gunaan klasik yang secukupnya daripada Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

c) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan PNGK yang baik dalam bidang sains matematik (termasuk sains pengurusan, statistik, ekonomi statistik, sains dan teknologi maklumat) daripada

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh

Senat.

OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Untuk melahirkan pelajar yang berketrampilan dan bersahsiah tinggi, beretika dan

mempunyai daya saing. OPP2: Untuk melengkapkan pelajar dengan keupayaan menterjemah dan mensintesis

pemahaman mereka terhadap alam, manusia dan pembangunan.

OPP3: Untuk melengkapkan pelajar dengan kesedaran terhadap alam sekitar dan mendokong pembangunan mapan.


167

OPP4: Untuk melengkapkan pelajar dengan kebolehan menggunakan kaedah

penyelesaian bermatematik seperti analisis, pemodelan, pengaturcaraan dan

perisian matematik dalam menangani isu-isu pembangunan dan perubahan semasa. OPP5: Untuk melengkapkan pelajar dengan pendekatan saintifik dalam menjana dan

berkongsi pengetahuan yang bersifat inter- dan intra- disiplin.

OPP6: Untuk melengkapkan pelajar dengan daya kreativiti dan inovasi yang tinggi dan

mampu menyumbang idea kepada proses penggubalan dasar, pembuatan keputusan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berupaya memperoleh dan menggunakan pengetahuan matematik.

HPP2: Berkebolehan merangka reka bentuk kaedah dan model matematik yang

bersesuaian dengan masalah. HPP3: Berkemampuan menganalisis dan mentafsir penyelesaian dan menjana idea baru

berasaskan penyelesaian tersebut.

HPP4: Berkebolehan memperoleh, mengguna dan menjana maklumat.

HPP5: Berkekuatan mengendalikan emosi. HPP6: Menjunjung akhlak mulia dan nilai-nilai estetika terhadap Pencipta, pelanggan dan

masyarakat.

HPP7: Berkeupayaan memimpin, bekerja secara berpasukan dan mengutamakan kejayaan bersama.

HPP8: Berupaya berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis dengan berkesan dalam Bahasa

Melayu dan Inggeris. HPP9: Berkebolehan memahami dampak penyelesaian matematik dalam pelbagai dimensi

kehidupan.

HPP10: Berkebolehan mengiktiraf keperluan pembelajaran berterusan dan

mengamalkannya sepanjang hayat. HPP11: Memiliki ciri-ciri keusahawanan

Struktur Program Calon yang memilih program secara kerja kursus sahaja, dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus

sekurang-kurangnya 32 jam kredit (kursus wajib dan pilihan) di samping menyiapkan

projek penyelidikan yang bernilai 8 jam kredit. Calon yang mengikuti program Sarjana Sains secara tesis dikehendaki mengambil 12

jam kredit kursus dan penulisan tesis sebagai syarat untuk mendapatkan Ijazah Sarjana.

Unit yang wajib diambil adalah:-


dan 8 jam kredit kursus teras yang dipilih berkaitan dengan penyelidikan tesis dan dipersetujui oleh penyelia.


168

Modul Matematik Tulen

SEMESTER KURSUS WAJIB KURSUS PILIHAN

I

STQM6114 Topologi

STQM6124 Aljabar STQM6134 Analisis

Fungsian

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

Pilih tiga:

STQM6024 Biomekanik

STQM6034 Analisis Keputusan

dan Permainan

STQM6044 Kriptologi

STQM6084 Pengaturcaraan

Linear

STQM6064 Pemodelan dan

Kaedah Matematik

STQM6074 Analisis Berangka

STQM6214 Matematik Kabur STQM6234 Teori Ergodik

STQM6254 Teori Kumpulan

Kombinatorik

STQM6274 Teori Sukatan dan

Kamiran

STQM6294 Sejarah dan Falsafah

Matematik

STQM6324 Kaedah Berangka

Pemindahan Haba dan

Aliran Bendalir

STQM6414 Sistem Dinamik STQM6524 Pemodelan Linear

Sistem Dinamik Tak

Berketentuan

STQM6534 Mekanik Bendalir

STQM6624 Simulasi

II

STQM6224 Analisis

Kompleks

STQM6988 Projek Penyelidikan

JUMLAH

28 12

40


169

Modul Matematik Gunaan


I

STQM6074 Analisis Berangka

STQM6414 Sistem Dinamik

STQM6534 Mekanik Bendalir

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

Pilih tiga:

STQM6024 Biomekanik STQM6034 Analisis Keputusan

dan Permainan

STQM6044 Kriptologi

STQM6084 Pengaturcaraan

Linear

STQM6114 Topologi

STQM6124 Aljabar

STQM6134 Analisis Fungsian

STQM6214 Matematik Kabur

STQM6224 Analisis Kompleks

STQM6234 Teori Ergodik STQM6254 Teori Kumpulan

Kombinatorik

STQM6274 Teori Sukatan dan

Kamiran


Matematik

STQM6324 Kaedah Berangka

Pemindahan Haba dan

Aliran Bendalir

STQM6524 Pemodelan Linear

Sistem Dinamik Tak

Berketentuan STQM6624 Simulasi

II

STQM6064 Pemodelan dan

Kaedah Matematik


JUMLAH

28 12

40


170

Modul Matematik Pengurusan Dan Kewangan


I

STQM6084 Pengaturcara

an Linear

STQS6444 Pemodelan Siri

Masa dan

Peramalan

STQM6654 Matematik

Ekonomi dan

Kewangan dalam

Perniagaan


Pilih tiga:

STQA6024 Sekuriti Terbitan dan

Pengurusan Risiko

STQA6034 Isu-isu Dalam Pengurusan Risiko

dan Insurans

STQM6044 Kriptologi

STQM6034 Analisis Keputusan

dan Permainan



STQS6244 Proses Stokastik


Matematik

STQM6324 Kaedah Berangka Pemindahan Haba

dan Aliran Bendalir

STQM6414 Sistem Dinamik

STQM6524 Pemodelan Linear

Sistem Dinamik Tak

Berketentuan

STQM6624 Simulasi

STQS6274 Penghitungan

Berstatistik

II

STQA6014 Analisis Pelaburan

dan Pengurusan

Portfolio

STQM6988 Projek

Penyelidikan

JUMLAH

28 12

40


STQA6014 Analisis Pelaburan dan Pengurusan Portfolio STQA6024 Sekuriti Terbitan dan Pengurusan Risiko

STQA6034 Isu-isu Dalam Pengurusan Risiko Dan Insurans

STQM6024 Biomekanik STQM6034 Analisis Keputusan dan Permainan

STQM6044 Kriptologi

STQM6084 Pengaturcaraan Linear

STQM6064 Pemodelan dan Kaedah Matematik STQM6074 Analisis Berangka

STQM6114 Topologi

STQM6124 Aljabar STQM6134 Analisis Fungsian


171



STQM6234 Teori Ergodik STQM6254 Teori Kumpulan Kombinatorik

STQM6274 Teori Sukatan dan Kamiran

STQM6294 Sejarah dan Falsafah Matematik

STQM6324 Kaedah Berangka Pemindahan Haba dan Aliran Bendalir STQM6414 Sistem Dinamik

STQM6524 Pemodelan Linear Sistem Dinamik Tak Berketentuan

STQM6534 Mekanik Bendalir STQM6624 Simulasi

STQM6654 Matematik Ekonomi dan Kewangan Dalam Perniagaan

STQM6988 Projek Penyelidikan STQS6244 Proses Stokastik

STQS6274 Penghitungan Berstatistik

STQS6444 Pemodelan Siri Masa dan Peramalan


Kandungan Kursus

STQA6014 Analisis Pelaburan dan Pengurusan Portfolio

Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan penggunaan pelbagai instrumen pelaburan

dan peranannya dalam pengurusan risiko. Konsep risiko dan pulangan akan dibincangkan

dengan mendalam. Konsep portfolio dan sempadan cekap akan diperkenalkan. Pelbagai

bentuk pelaburan akan diperkenalkan. Kaedah penilaian saham serta teori-teori portfolio seperti teori Markowitz, teori peletakan harga aset, model satu faktor akan dibincangkan.

Kaedah analisis pelaburan seperti analisis asas dan teknikal juga akan disentuh. Pada akhir

semester, pelajar dikehendaki membuat pembentangan, perbincangan dan penulisan projek.

Bacaan Asas Bodie, Z., Kane, A. & Marcus, A. 2011. Investments & Portfolio Management. 9

th Ed.

New York: Mc-Graw Hill.

Elton, E.J, Gruber, M.J, Brown, S.J. & Goetzmann, W.N. 2007. Modern Portfolio Theory

and Ivestment Analysis. 7th Ed. New Jersey: John Wiley.

John L., Donald L., Jerald E. & Dennis W. 2007. Managing Investment Portfolios: A

Dynamic Process. London: John Wiley.

Reilly, F.K. & Brown K.C. 2000. Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management. 6th Ed.

New York: South-Western Thomson.

STQA6024 Sekuriti Terbitan dan Pengurusan Risiko Kursus ini menawarkan pengenalan kepada pengurusan risiko yang kian berkembang dalam bidang akademik mahupun industri kewangan. Kursus ini akan memberi fokus

kepada pengurusan risiko menggunakan sekuriti terbitan. Pelajar akan mempelajari konsep

asas dan metodologi pengurusan risiko menggunakan sekuriti terbitan. Antaranya ialah


172

opsyen, sekuriti masa hadapan dan sekuriti pertukaran. Selain itu, pelajar juga akan

didedahkan kepada penilaian pelbagai sekuriti terbitan. Di akhir perkuliahan, pelajar

diharap dapat mengkaji aplikasi terbitan untuk menguruskan pelbagai risiko seperti risiko pasaran, risiko mata wang, risiko kadar faedah dan risiko kredit.

Bacaan Asas Capinski M. & Zastawniak T. 2000. Mathematics for Finance: An Introduction to

Financial Engineering. New York: Springer.

Chance, D. M. 2004. An Introduction to Derivatives & Risk Management. Edisi ke-6.

Mason, OH: Thomson South-Western. Chorafas, D. 2008. Instruments: Bonds, Swaps, Options, and Hedging. London: McGraw-

Hill.

Cuthbertson K. & Nitzsche. 2002. Financial Engineering: Derivatives and Risk Mangement. New York: John Wiley.

Wilmott, Howison S. & Dewynne J. 1995. The Mathematics of Financial Derivatives.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

STQA6034 Isu-isu dalam Pengurusan Risiko dan Insurans Kursus ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan konsep risiko, prinsip pengurusan risiko dan

penggunaan pengurusan risiko dalam insurans. Kursus ini mendedahkan pelajar kepada

beberapa pendekatan aktuari yang diguna dalam perniagaan insurans bukan-hayat. Di akhir kursus ini pelajar diharap agar dapat memahami konsep risiko dan pengurusan risiko,

mengelaskan risiko kepada pelbagai kategori, memahami prinsip insurans dan

hubungannya dengan pengurusan risiko, memahami struktur pasaran insurans di Malaysia, mempelajari pengoperasian perniagaan insurans bukan hayat, mengkaji dan menganalisis

faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi premium dan menganalisis tuntutan insurans.

Bacaan Asas Denuit, M., Marechal, X., Pitrebois, S. & Walhin, J.F. 2007. Actuarial Modeling of Claim

Counts. London: John Wiley & Sons.

Klugman, S.A., Panjer, H.H., Willmot, G.E. 2004. Loss Models, From Data to Decisions. 2

nd Ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Lee, H.L. 1997. The Insurance Industry in Malaysia: A Study in Financial Development

and Regulation. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. Redja, G.E. 2003. Principles of Risk Management and Insurance. 8

th Ed. New York:

Addison-Wesley.

Trieschmann, J.S., Gustavson, S.G. & Hoyt, R.R. 2001. Risk Management and Insurance.

11th Ed. Ohio: South Western College Publishing.


173

STQM6024 Biomekanik Kursus bermula dengan persamaan umum bagi pergerakan tiga matra. Pemboleh ubah

dalam persamaan ini diterangkan dan satu ringkasan berkenaan cara pemboleh ubah ini dihasilkan melalui uji kaji atau secara teori dilakukan. Kursus ini akan membincangkan

beberapa kaedah untuk mentakrifkan data biomekanik secara uji kaji, termasuk

perbincangan tentang pengukuran daya, akselometri, pengukuran pergerakan secara

optikal, elektromiografi, dan pengukuran keterikan. Tujuan kursus ini adalah untuk menerangkan prinsip-prinsip yang terlibat dalam beberapa teknik uji kaji, dan untuk

membandingkan teknik-teknik tersebut. Kemudian kursus ini akan membincangkan

pemodelan matematik dalam biomekanik. Konsep analisis sistem daya dibincangkan. Kursus ini akan melihat kepada pelbagai model matematik yang bersifat berketentuan.

Sistem yang bersifat tidak berketentuan juga dibincangkan termasuk penyelesaiannya

menggunakan teori pengoptimuman. Kursus ini juga membincangkan simulasi sebagai satu kaedah kajian biomekanik. Bacaan Asas Allard, P. Stokes, I. A. F. & Blanchi, J. 1995. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Human

Movement. Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL. Chaffin, D. B., Andersson, G. B. J. & Martin, B. J. 2006.Occupational Biomechanics.4

thed.

New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Humphrey, J. & DeLange, S. 2004. An Introduction to Biomechanics: Solids and Fluids, Analysis and Design. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Nigg, B. M. & Herzog, W. 2007.Biomechanics of the Musculo-Skeletal System.3rd

ed.

London: John Wiley & Sons. Winter, D. A. 2009.Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. 4

th ed.

London: John Wiley & Sons.

Yamaguchi, G.T. 2006. Dynamic Modelling of Musculoskeletal Motion: A Vectorized

Approach for Biomechanical Analysis in Three Dimensions. New York: Spinger.

STQM6034 Analisis Keputusan dan Permainan Kursus ini bertujuan memperlihatkan pelajar kepada masalah keputusan dengan bilangan alternatif yang terhad, yang boleh diselesaikan menggunakan teknik-teknik analisis

pembuatan. Alat-alat yang digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah bergantung kepada

jenis masalah tersebut. Kaedah Proses Hierarki Analitik, ELECTRE dan TOPSIS digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah di bawah kepastian. Bagi masalah yang

mempunyai kebarangkalian, kaedah pokok keputusan adalah alat yang terbaik untuk

mencapai keputusan. Keputusan bagi masalah di bawah ketidakpastian akan menggunakan

kriteria yang mencerminkan sikap pembuat keputusan terhadap risiko, dan kaedah teori permainan untuk dua orang pesaing dengan gol yang bercanggah yang bertujuan untuk

mendapatkan keputusan yang terbaik daripada keadaan terburuk setiap lawan.


174

Bacaan Asas

Binmore, K. 2007. Playing for Real: A Text on Game Theory. New York: Oxford

University Clemen, R.J. & Reilly, T. 2005. Making Hard Decisions: An Introduction to Decision

Analysis. Pacific Grove: Duxbury.

Meyerson, R. 1991. Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Winston, W.L. 2004. Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms. 4th ed. Belmont:

Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning.

Zeleny, M. 1982. Multiple Criteria Decision Making. New York: McGraw Hill.

STQM6044 Kriptologi Kriptologi ialah sains komunikasi aman yang meliputi kedua-dua kriptografi dan kriptanalisis. Sistem simetri dan asimetri bagi penulisan kod rahsia (kriptografi)

diperkenalkan dan pembangunan kriptosistem, tandatangan digital dan teknik kriptografi

yang lain seperti kriptografi „threshold‟, perkongsian rahsia, skema pengecaman dan

pengesahan serta protokol persetujuan kunci akan diterangkan dan dibincangkan secara terperinci. Teknik-teknik pemecahan kod (kriptanalisis) juga akan diselidiki sepanjang

kursus. Bacaan Asas Jeffrey Hoffstein, Jill Pipher & Joseph H. Silverman. 2010. An Introduction to

Mathematical Cryptography. Springer.

Christof Paar & Jan Pelzl. 2010. Understanding Cryptography. Springer. Willian Stallings. 2011. Cryptography and Network Security. Pearson.

Jonathan Katz, Yehuda Lindell. 2008. Introduction to Modern Cryptography. Chapman &

Hall/CRC.

Douglas Robert Stinson. 2006. Cryptography: Theory and Practice. Chapman & Hall/CRC.

STQM6064 Pemodelan dan Kaedah Matematik Pemodelan matematik adalah satu proses membina perwakilan bermatematik bagi suatu

fenomena untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang fenomena tersebut.

Kursus ini bertujuan melatih pelajar membina, menganalisis dan menyelesaikan model matematik bagi beberapa masalah kompleks (khususnya model berketentuan dalam sains

fizis). Konsep-konsep asas pemodelan matematik akan dijelaskan. Prosedur penskalaan,

penghampiran dan analisis dimensi akan dibincangkan dahulu. Model-model yang

dipertimbangkan adalah model linear dan tak linear. Kaedah penyelesaian beranalisis yang dibincangkan dalam kursus ini termasuklah kaedah pengembangan usikan, kalkulus

ubahan dan siri Fourier. Penggunaan sistem/pakej aljabar berkomputer seperti Maple atau

Mathematica akan ditekankan.


175

Bacaan Asas Bender, C.M. & Orszag, S.A. 1999. Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and

Engineers: Asymptotic Methods and Perturbation Theory. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Bender, E. 2003. An Introduction to Mathematical Modelling. New York: Dover.

Debnath, L. 2005. Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers.

Boston: Birkhauser. Gregory, R.D. 2006. Classical Mechanics. Cambridge: CUP.

Riley, K.F., Hobson M.P. & Bence, S.J. 2007. Mathematical Methods for Physics and

Engineering: A Comprehensive Guide. Cambridge: CUP.

STQM6074 Analisis Berangka Kursus ini merangkumi kaedah-kaedah berangka bagi penyelesaian persamaan terbitan

biasa dan separa (PTB/PTS). Masalah-masalah yang diselesaikan termasuklah masalah nilai awal dan masalah nilai sempadan bagi PTB. Kaedah-kaedah berangka dibincangkan

termasuklah kaedah satu langkah dan kaedah multi-langkah dengan saiz langkah tetap atau

berubah untuk persamaan/sistem persamaan terbitan bersifat kaku, tak kaku mahupun

kalut. Kestabilan dan analisis ralat. Pengenalan kepada kaedah berangka bagi PTS seperti kaedah beza terhingga. Analisis terhadap persamaan hiperbolik, parabolik dan eliptik.

Penumpuan, kekonsistenan, peringkat dan kestabilan kaedah. Aplikasi kepada beberapa

masalah dalam kejuruteraan/sains. Bacaan Asas Butcher, J.C. 2003. The Numerical Analysis of Ordinary Differential Equations: Runge-

Kutta and General Linear Methods. New York: John Wiley. Iserles, A. 1997. A First Course in the Numerical Analysis of Differential Equations.

Cambridge: CUP.

Knabner, P. & Angerman, L. 2002. Numerical Methods for Elliptic and Parabolic Partial

Differential Equations: An Applications-oriented Introduction. New York: Springer. Larsson, S. & Thomee, V. 2005. Partial Differential Equations with Numerical Methods.

New York: Springer.

Press, W.H., Teukolsky, S.A., Vetterling, W.T. & Flannery, B.P. 2007. Numerical Recipes. 3

rd ed. The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge: CUP.

STQM6084 Pengaturcaraan Linear Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan kepada pelajar penggunaan kaedah

pemodelan bermatematik untuk membuat keputusan dalam pengurusan. Beberapa model

berketentuan akan dibincangkan dengan memfokuskan bagaimana untuk memodelkan

masalah dan mendapatkan penyelesaian kepada masalah menggunakan perisian komputer LINGO. Tugasan berbentuk kajian kes memerlukan pelajar menggunakan perisian LINGO

untuk menyelesaikan masalah dan menulis laporan ringkas. Antara tajuk yang akan

dibincangkan ialah masalah pengaturcaraan linear, pengaturcaraan integer dan pengaturcaraan gol, sambil memberi penekanan terhadap penggunaan kaedah ini dalam

penyelesaian masalah nyata seperti masalah analisis rangkaian, masalah pengangkutan dan

umpukan, masalah perjalanan jurujual dan analisis kecekapan.


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Bacaan Asas Ignizio, J.P. 1982. Linear Programming in Single and Multiple Objective Systems. New

Jersey: Prentice Hall. Schniederjans, M. 1995. Goal Programming: Methodology and Applications. Boston:

Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Taha, H.A. 2007. Operations Research: An Introduction. 8th ed. New Jersey: Prentice

Hall.

Tamiz, M. 1996. Multi-Objective Programming and Goal Programming: Theories and

Applications. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Winston, W.L. 2004. Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms. 4th ed. Belmont,

CA: Brooks/Cole.

STQM6114 Topologi Ruang topologi muncul secara semulajadi dalam hampir setiap bidang matematik. Ini menjadikan topologi sebagai salah satu daripada idea-idea besar yang menyatukan bidang

matematik. Kursus ini akan menekankan sifat-sifat suatu objek yang terpelihara apabila

berlakunya perubahan bentuk ke atas objek tersebut secara berterusan melalui konsep geometri dan teori set. Perkara yang paling asas dan tradisional bagi topologi iaitu topologi

set titik akan dipertimbangkan. Bacaan Asas Bredon, G.E. 1995. Topology and Geometry. 3

rd ed. New York: Springer Verlag.

Jänich, K. 1995. Topology. New York: Springer Verlag.

Munkres, J.R. 1999. Topology. 2nd

ed. London: Prentice Hall.

Roseman, D. 1999. Elementary Topology. London: Prentice Hall. Schwarz, A.S. 1994. Topology for Physicists. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

STQM6124 Aljabar Kursus ini dimulakan dengan mengimbas kembali kumpulan dan gelanggang serta

beberapa konsep yang berkaitan dengan kedua-duanya. Siri kumpulan. Gelanggang

polinomial. Homomorfisma penilaian. Alkhwarizmi pembahagian. Polinomial tak terturunkan. Medan perluasan: Teorem Kronecker, unsur aljabar dan transenden, perluasan

simpel. Konsep vektor dalam gelanggang polinomial. Perluasan aljabar.

Ketidakmungkinan pembinaan geometri. Medan automorfisma. Teorem perluasan isomorfisma. Medan terpecah belah. Perluasan boleh pisah. Perluasan tak boleh pisah

sepenuhnya. Teori Galois.

Bacaan Asas Fraleigh, J.B. 1988. Kursus Pertama Aljabar Niskala. Terj. Abu Osman Md Tap & Abdul

Razak Salleh. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Jones, A,. Morris, S.A. & Pearson, K.R. 1991. Abstract Algebra and Famous Impossibilities. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Lang, S. 1993. Algebra. Edisi ke-3. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley

MacLane, S. & Birkoff, G. 1993. Algebra. Edisi ke-3. London: Collier-Macmillan.


177

Trignol, J-P. 2001. Galois' Theory of Algebraic Equations. Singapore: World Scientific.

STQM6134 Analisis Fungsian Kursus ini bertujuan memperlihatkan hubungan dua struktur penting dalam matematik,

iaitu struktur aljabar dengan struktur topologi. Gabungan dua struktur ini dikaji dalam satu

sistem matematik yang dikenali sebagai aljabar Banach. Kursus dimulakan dengan

memperkenalkan ruang Hilbert dan sifatnya. Seterusnya dibincangkan keortogonan, ruang Banach dan sifatnya. Dibincangkan juga pengoperasi linear pada ruang bernorma, ruang

Hilbert dan Banach, serta Teorem Hahn-Banach, aljabar Banach dan teori spektrum. Akhir

sekali dibincangkan pengenalan kepada aljabar-C* secara ringkas.

Bacaan Asas Conway, J.B. 1985. A Course in Functional Analysis. New York: Springer Verlag. Kutateladze, S.S. 1996. Fundamentals of Functional Analysis. Dordrecht: Kluwer

Academic Publishers.

Lang, S. 1993. Real and Functional Analysis. New York: Springer Verlag.

Larcombe, G. & Levy, S. 1999. Elements of Functional Analysis. New York: Springer Verlag.

Yoshida, K. 1995. Functional Analysis. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

STQM6214 Matematik Kabur Kursus ini memperkenalkan set kabur sebagai pengitlakan bagi set klasik. Operasi asas

untuk set kabur: pelengkap kabur, kesatuan kabur, dan persilangan kabur. Norma-s dan norma-t. Pengoperasi purataan. Hubungan kabur, unjuran dan perluasan silinder.

Penggubahan hubungan kabur. Pemboleh ubah linguistik, pagaran linguistik, dan petua

JIKA-MAKA kabur. Tafsiran petua JIKA-MAKA kabur. Mantik kabur dan pentaakulan

hampiran. Asas petua kabur dan enjin pentaabiran kabur. Sistem kabur dan teori kabur.

Bacaan Asas

Czogala, E. & Leski, J. 2000. Fuzzy and Neuro-Fuzzy Intelligent Systems. New York: Physica Verlag.

Li-Xin Wang. 1997. A Course in Fuzzy Systems and Control. London: Prentice-Hall.

Yager, R. 1994. Essentials of Fuzzy Modeling and Control. New York: John Wiley.

Zimmermann, H-J. 1996. Fuzzy Set Theory and Its Applications. Edisi ke-2. New York: Springer-Verlag.

STQM6224 Analisis Kompleks Kursus ini memberi gambaran berkenaan keanalisisan fungsi, pembuktian teorem Cauchy

(untuk segi tiga, domain cembung atau untuk suatu cakera), Teorem Cauchy dengan

pelbagai versi, laluan homotopi, kesingularan, teorem maximum/minimum modulus pelbagai versi, teorem Rouche, lemma Schwarz dan teorem pemtaan Riemann. Kursus ini

juga memperkenalkan teorem dalam ruang fungsi analisis dan memperlihatkan

penggunaan teorem Runge bagi membukti teorem Cauchy yang lebih asas beserta teorem

Mittag-Leffler. Fungsi harmonik termasuk penyelesaian terhadap masalah Dirichlet dan kegunaan fungsi Green dan teorem penting dalam fungsi seluruh juga diperkenalkan.


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Kursus ini juga menekankan kepada penggunaan pemfaktoran Weietstrass dan fungsi

gamma. Teorem Picard juga diperkenalkan dalam konteks kesingularan.

Bacaan Asas

Ahlfors, L.V. 1990. Complex Analysis: An Introduction to the Theory of Analytic

Functions of One Complex Variable. London: McGraw-Hill.

Bac, J. & Newman, D.J. 1997. Complex Analysis. New York: Springer Verlag. Conway, J.B. 1995. Functions of One Complex Variable II. 2

nd ed. New York: Springer

Verlag.

Greene, R.E. & Krantz, S.G. 1997. Function Theory of One Complex Variable. New York: John Wiley.

Lang, S. 1993. Complex Analysis. 3rd

ed. New York: Springer Verlag.

STQM6234 Teori Ergodik Teori Ergodik ialah satu kajian kuantitatif terhadap telatah jangka masa panjang sesuatu

sistem. Koleksi kesemua keadaan bagi sesuatu sistem itu membentuk suatu ruang X dan

evolusi sistem itu diwakili pula dengan suatu penjelmaan yang jika x mewakili keadaan sistem itu pada suatu masa, maka T(x) mewakili keadaan sistem itu selepas masa satu unit.

Kajian akan dibuat ke atas X yang merupakan ruang sukatan (dan T penjelmaan mengawet

sukatan) dan ruang topologi (dan T selanjar). Memahami lelaran Tn apabila n besar.

Bacaan Asas Cornfeld, I., Fomin, F. & Sinai, Y. 1991. Ergodic Theory. New York: Springer Verlag.

Katok, A. & Hasselblatt, B. 1995. Introduction to the Modern Theory of Dynamical Systems. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press.

Lind, D. & Marcus, B. 1999. Introduction to Symbolic Dynamics. London: Cambridge

University Press. Rudolph, D. 1999. Fundamentals of Measurable Dynamics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Walters, P. 1982. An Introduction to Ergodic Theory. New York: Springer Verlag.

STQM6254 Teori Kumpulan Kombinatorik Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan teknik dan idea geometri untuk mengkaji

kumpulan bebas dan persembahannya, asas kepada teori kumpulan kombinatorik.

Kepelbagaian kelas kesetaraan akan dibincangkan dan seterusnya kumpulan-kumpulan yang berpadanan akan dibangunkan dengan menggunakan kepelbagaian teknik geometri.

Teknik-teknik geometri yang dibincangkan termasuklah graf, graf kumpulan, kompleks,

gambar dan gambar rajah. Seterusnya beberapa artikel terpilih dan terkini akan dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas Baumblag, G. 1993. Topics in Combinatorial Group Theory. Lectures in Mathematics.

Zurich: Birkhauser.

Cohen. D.E. 1989. Combinatorial Group Theory: A Topological Approach. LMS Students

Text 14. Cambridge: CUP.


179

Collins, D.J. 1998. Combinatorial Group Theory and Applications to Geometry. New

York: Springer Verlag.

Fine, B. & Rosenberger, G. 1999. Algebraic Generalizations of Discrete Groups: a Path to Combinatorial Group Theory Through One-relator Products. London: Marcel Dekker.

Johnson, D.L. 1990. Presentation of Groups. LMS Students Text 15. Cambridge: CUP.

STQM6274 Teori Sukatan dan Kamiran

Mula-mula diperkenalkan aljabar-. Kemudian ditakrifkan sukatan yang merupakan fungsi

nyata dengan domain suatu aljabar-. Seterusnya dibincangkan sukatan terkeluar

(termasuk sukatan terkeluar metrik) yang dengannya ditakrifkan set-set tersukatkan, ruang sukatan niskala, fungsi tersukatkan dan penumpuan jujukan fungsi tersukatkan. Dengan

mengguna semua konsep ini, dipaparkan pula tentang kamiran, sifat-sifat fungsi

terkamirkan, teorem-teorem penumpuan, ruang dan ketaksamaan-ketaksamaan penting. Contoh-contoh kamiran tertentu seperti kamiran Riemann, kamiran Lebesgue dan kamiran

Lebesgue-Stieltjes dibincangkan sedikit. Akhir sekali konsep sukatan diperluaskan kepada

sukatan bertanda, sukatan bernilai kompleks dan juga sukatan dan kamiran pada ruang hasil darab.

Bacaan Asas Bartle, R. G. 1995.The Elements of Integration and Lebesgue Theory. New York: John-

Wiley.

Burk, F. 1997. Lebesgue Measure and Integration: An Introduction. New York: John-

Wiley. Cohn, D. L. 1980. Measure Theory. Boston: Birkhauser.

Konig, H. 1997. Measure and Integration: An Advanced Course in Basic Procedure and

Applications. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Strook, D. W. 1998. A Concise Introduction to the Theory of Integration. New York. Stringer-Verlag.

Weir, A. J. 1999. Lebesgue Integration and Measure. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press.

STQM6294 Sejarah dan Falsafah Matematik Kursus ini mendalami sejarah dan falsafah ilmu matematik daripada pelbagai segi. Perkara-perkara yang akan dibincangkan termasuklah hakikat matematik aspek metafizik,

epistemologi, mantik dan aksiologi. Tabii komuniti ahli matematik, khususnya dari segi

sosiologi akan juga diteliti di samping hubungan antara matematik dengan kepercayaan.

Sejarah dan falsafah ahli matematik Islam dan pengislaman ilmu juga akan dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas Abdul Latif Samian. 1997. Falsafah Matematik. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan

Pustaka.

Ascher, M. 1991. Ethnomathematics. Pacific Grove, Ca.: Brooks-Cole.

Lakatos, I. 2001. Pemalsuan dan Tatakaedah Aturcara Penyelidikan Sains. Terj. Shaharir Mohamad Zain. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Putnam, H. 1990. Realism with a Human Face. London: Harvard Univ. Press.


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Shaharir Mohamad Zain. 2000. Pengenalan Sejarah dan Falsafah Sains. Bangi: Penerbit

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

STQM6324 Kaedah Berangka Pemindahan Haba dan Aliran Bendalir Kursus ini bertujuan memaparkan model pemindahan haba dan aliran bendalir serta

penyelesaiannya secara berangka. Kursus dimulakan dengan formulasi model pemindahan

haba dan aliran bendalir. Konduksi haba yang mantap dan tak mantap sehingga dalam tiga matra dibincangkan. Seterusnya dibincangkan kaedah Crank-Nicholson, perolakan dan

resapan mantap dan tak mantap sehingga dalam matra tiga, serta skema dan penyelesaian

berangkanya termasuk Hokum Hibrid dan hokum kuasa. Model Aliran dan kaedah penyelesaian berangka juga dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas Anderson, J. D. Jr. 1995. Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Basics with Applications.

McGraw-Hill: New York.

Incropera, F.P. 2006. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. 6th ed. London: Wiley.

Puckett, E.G. 2009. Finite Difference Methods for Computational Fluid Dynamics. CUP:

Cambridge. Tannehill, J. C., Anderson, A. A. & Pletcher, R. H. 1997. Computational Fluid Mechanics

and Heat Transfer. Taylor & Francis: Philadelphia.

Tu, J., Yeoh, G.H. & Liu, C. 2007. Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Practical Approach. Butterworth: Heinemann.

STQM6414 Sistem Dinamik Kursus ini bertujuan mendedahkan konsep-konsep asas dalam bidang ini dalam situasi

masa diskret dan selanjar. Antara lain, perbincangan akan tertumpu kepada topik-topik

seperti sifat setempat, kestabilan termasuk kestabilan struktur, titik hiperbolik dan

homoklinik, penarik pelik, eksponen Lyapunov dan lain-lain. Konsep percabangan, kekalutan dan fraktal akan diterokai secara mendalam.

Bacaan Asas Alligood, K.T., Sauer, T.D. & Yorke, J.A. 1997. Chaos: An Introduction to Dynamical

Systems. New York: Springer Verlag.

Arrowsmith, D.K. & Place, C.M. 1990. An Introduction to Dynamical Systems.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Nayfeh, A.H. & Balachandran, B. 1995. Applied Non-linear Dynamics. New York: John

Wiley.

Ott, D. 1995. Dynamical Systems and Chaos. New York: John Wiley. Wiggins, S. 1994. An Introduction to Applied Dynamical System. New York: Springer

Verlag.

STQM6524 Pemodelan Linear Sistem Dinamik Tak Berketentuan Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan kemampuan untuk memodelkan sistem dinamik

berkeadaan tidak tentu sebagai satu proses stokastik yang memenuhi persamaan terbitan

stokastik yang linear. Ia seterusnya dapat membawa kepada konsep kamiran stokastik. Ini termasuklah pelbagai sistem dinamik Newtonan yang berhingar, sistem kawalan dalam


181

perancangan, pengurusan dan penurasan maklumat. Daripada pemodelan inilah dipaparkan

pula bagaimana konsep dalam proses stokastik perlu ditakrif dengan rapinya dan

seterusnya pembinaan kalkulus stokastik Ito secara analisis dan berangka yang bertujuan menyelesaikan model yang tersebut di atas. Hubungan persamaan terbitan stokastik

dengan proses resapan juga dibincangkan sehingga kepada perbatasan penyelidikan.

Bacaan Asas Friedman, A. 2006. Stochastic Differential Equations and Applications. Dover

Publication.

Mikosch, T. 1998. Elementary Stochastic Calculus with Finance in View. World Scientific.

Oksendal, B. 2003. Stochastic Differential Equations: An Introduction with Applications.

Springer.

Ross, S.M. 1996. Stochastic Processes. John Wiley.

STQM6534 Mekanik Bendalir Kursus ini bertujuan memperlihatkan bagaimana bendalir unggul dan bendalir likat dapat dimodelkan secara bermatematik dan seterusnya dikaji telatah bendalir tersebut secara

analisis dan berangka, terutamanya terhadap persamaan Navier-Stokes. Kursus dimulakan

dengan pengenalan umum bendalir dan sorotan kepada prinsip statik dan kinematik bendalir. Perbincangan tentang bendalir unggul termasuk persamaan keselanjaran,

persamaan Euler dan persamaan Bernoulli. Aliran upaya dan aliran tak mampat juga akan

dibincangkan. Sebahagian besar kursus ini membincangkan bendalir likat yang membawa

kepada persamaan Navier-Stokes, penerbitan persamaan tersebut dan penyelesaian tepatnya, serta aliran mantap dan tak mantap. Aliran asas, aliran Stokes, aliran berlamina

dan bergelora, analisis dimensi, kaedah keserupaan serta nombor Reynolds dan

kepentingannya juga akan dibincangkan. Di samping itu, teori lapisan sempadan dan ketakstabilan bendalir juga akan dibincangkan secara terperinci.

Bacaan Asas Acheson, D.J. 1990. Elementary Fluid Dynamics (Oxford Applied Mathematics and

Computing Science Series). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Batchelor, G.K. 2000. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics. 3rd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press. Chorin, A.J. & Marsden, J.E. 2000. A Mathematical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics. 3

rd


Galdi, G.P., Heywood, J.G. & Rannacher, R. 2000. Fundamental Directions in Mathematical Fluid Mechanics. Berlin: Birkhauser.

White, F. M. 2005. Viscous Fluid Flow. 3rd

ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

STQM6624 Simulasi Kursus ini memperkenalkan kepada pelajar konsep dan penggunaan simulasi.Ia bertujuan

untuk membolehkan pelajar membuat pemodelan, simulasi dan analisis ke atas sistem

ringkas tetapi representatif dalam kadar segera, serta menggalakkan pelajar menyelidik

lanjut hasilnya secara eksperimen. Simulasi model sistem statik, diskret dan dinamik akan


182

diterangkan. Topik yang dipelajari meliputi konsep sistem, pemodelan, simulasi, dan

analisis ke atas sistem yang dimodelkan menggunakan Excel, @Risk dan Arena.Aspek

saintifik pengurusan projek sistem simulasi juga dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas Banks, J., Carson II, J.S., Nelson, B.L. & Nicol, D.M. 2005. Discrete-event System

Simulation. 4th. Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Chung, C.A. 2004. Simulation Modeling Handbook: A Practical Approach. Boca Raton:

CRC Press. Kelton, W.D., Sadowski, R.P. & Swets, N.B. 2010. 5th Ed. Simulation with Arena. Boston:

McGraw-Hill.

Law, A.M. & Kelton, W.D. 2000.Simulation Modeling and Analysis. Boston: Mc-Graw Hill.

Seila, A. F., Ceric, V. & Tadikamalla P. 2003. Applied Simulation Modeling. Belmont:

Brooks/Cole.

STQM6654 Matematik Ekonomi dan Kewangan Dalam Perniagaan Matematik Ekonomi dan kewangan merupakan satu kursus landasan yang menyediakan

para pelajar dengan pengetahuan asas dalam memahami bidang kewangan. Ia mendedahkan pelajar kepada konsep asas matematik kewangan, dan penggunaan konsep

nilai masa wang menerusi konsep faedah kompaun dan diskaun serta model aliran tunai

bagi menggambarkan urus niaga kewangan. Pengiraan nilai kini dan nilai terkumpul bagi aliran pembayaran yang sama atau tidak sama rata dengan menggunakan kadar yang

ditetapkan kegunaan masa depan dalam: rizab, penilaian, peletakan harga, pengurusan

aset/liabiliti, pulangan pelaburan, belanjawan modal dan penilaian terhadap aliran tunai

luar jangka. Calon juga akan diberi pengenalan kepada instrumen kewangan, termasuk terbitan. Pengetahuan asas kalkulus dan pengetahuan pengenalan kebarangkalian

diandaikan.

Bacaan Asas Zaidi Isa & Noriza Majid. 2011. Matematik Kewangan: Aplikasi Terhadap Kewangan

Islam Dan Konvensional. Penerbit UKM. Bangi.

Kellison, S.G. 2009. Theory of Interest.3rd

ed. Homewood: Irwin. Broverman, S.A. 2010. Mathematics of Investment and Credit. 5

th ed. Connecticut:

ACTEX Publications, Inc.

Daniel, J.W., & Vaaler, L.J.F. 2009. Mathematical Interest Theory. 2nd

ed.The Mathematical Association of America.

McDonald, R.L. 2006. Derivatives Markets. 2nd

ed. Addison Wesley.

Ruckman, C.; and Francis, J. 2005. Financial Mathematics: A Practical Guide for Actuaries and other Business Professionals. 2

nd ed. BPP Professional Education.

STQM6988 Projek Penyelidikan Projek Penyelidikan adalah satu kursus wajib yang berupa latihan amali, latihan industri tinjauan kesusasteraan atau penyelidikan. Setiap pelajar dikehendaki menjalankan projek

penyelidikan ini di bawah bimbingan seorang penyelia. Setiap calon dikehendaki memilih


183

satu tajuk yang sesuai dengan modul program sarjana masing-masing yang dipersetujui

oleh penyelia. Calon tersebut dikehendaki menyiapkan sebuah laporan yang berupa sorotan

kritis kepada tajuk yang dipilih itu, atau pentahkikan sesebuah teori atau pelaksanaan sesebuah model dengan cara yang tersendiri.

STQS6244 Proses Stokastik Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan pelajar teori proses stokastik. Antara topik yang dibincangkan ialah rantai Markov diskrit dan selanjar. Ini meliputi subtopik

berkenaan persamaan Chapman-Kolmogorov, Proses Kelahiran dan Kematian,

kebarangkalian pengehad dan beberapa sifat proses Markov yang penting. Topik lain yang dibincangkan ialah proses Poisson dan proses Pembaharuan yang meliputi subtopik proses

Poisson, persamaan Pembaharuan, fungsi nilai min, teori kimit dan lain-lain. Pelajar juga

didedahkan dengan topik teori kebolehpercayaan, pergerakan Brownian dan aplikasi kaedah rantai Markov Monte Carlo.

Bacaan Asas Ross. S.M. 2007. Introduction to Probability Models. 9th edition. Burlinton: Elsevier. Kao, E.P.C. 1997. An Introduction to Stochastic Processes. California. Wadsworth

Publishing Company.

Beichelt, F.E. & Fatti, L. P. 2002. Stochastic Process and Their Application. London: Taylor & Francis.

Papoulis, A. & Pillai, S.U. 2002. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes.

4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

STQS6274 Penghitungan Berstatistik Pelajar akan dipersiapkan dengan pelbagai isu komputasi yang berguna dalam analisis

data dan pentaabiran berstatistik. Untuk tujuan ini pelajar diberikan kemahiran menggunakan perisian S-plus dan R. Memanfaatkan penguasaan komputasi S-plus/R

pelajar diberi kemahiran asas menulis program untuk pelbagai ikhtisar statistik, pembinaan

taburan imperik dan pelbagai teknik penentuan kuantil data secara tak berparameter. Menyusul selepas itu pelajar akan diberikan kemahiran pelbagai teknik penjanaan data

rawak. Pentaabiran statistik kaedah klasik dan Bayesian dihuraikan. Semua perbahasan

akan diseiringkan dengan data untuk permasalahan praktikal. Kaedah pensampelan semula

- bootstrap, jacknife, statistik tertib diterokai bersama dengan ujian hipotesis menggunakan ujian permutasi dan Monte Carlo. Analisis data reruang.

Bacaan Asas Congdon, P. 2006. Bayesian Statistical Modelling. 2

nd ed: USA: John Wiley.

Higgin, J.J. 2004. An Introduction to Modern Nonparametric Statistics. USA: Brook/Cole-

Thomson Learning. Lunneborg, C.E. 2000. Data Analysis by Resampling: Concepts and Application. USA:

Duxbury Thomson Learning.

Venables W.N. & Ripley B.D. 2002. Mordern Applied Statistics with S. 4th ed. New York:

Springer Verlag.


184

Tanner, M.A. 1993. Tools for Statistical Inference, Method for the Exploration of

Posterior Distribution and Likelihood Functions. 2nd

ed. New York: Springer

Verlag.

STQS6444 Pemodelan Siri Masa dan Peramalan Kursus ini bertujuan untuk menganggar model regresi mudah, menerangkan teknik memodel trend dan kemeruapan data siri masa, menerangkan tentang hubungan kointegrasi

antara satu siri masa dengan satu atau beberapa siri masa lain, dan mengenengahkan isu-

isu yang penting dalam menganalisis data siri masa. Bagi pemodelan trend dan kemeruapan, tumpuan diberikan kepada model ARCH dan GARCH. Hubungan kointegrasi

pula membincangkan pendekatan pembetulan ralat dan pendekatan Johansen. Pada akhir

semester, pelajar akan menyediakan satu laporan pendek yang menekankan kepada

penggunaan teknik-teknik pengujian dan analisis model yang disentuh dalam kursus ini.

Bacaan Asas Enders, W. 2004. Applied Econometric Time Series. 2

nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &

Sons.

Greene, W.H. 2007. Econometric Analysis. 4th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Hamilton, J.D. 1994. Time Series Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Tsay, R.S. 2005. Analysis of Financial Time Series. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Vogelvang, B. 2005. Econometrics Theory and Applications with Eviews. Harlow: Pearson

Education.


185

SARJANA SAINS (STATISTIK)

Pengenalan Statistik adalah satu bidang pengajian mengenai pengumpulan, penyusunan, pembentangan dan analisis data untuk menghuraikan hakikat nyata secara bersifat sains. Program Sarjana

Sains (Statistik) menawarkan pelbagai kursus dalam bidang statistik,untuk calon yang

ingin melanjutkan pelajaran dalam bidang tersebut. Penekanan diberikan dalam aspek teori dan gunaan supaya calon dapat menguasai ilmu statistik dan mampu menggunakannya.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang ingin memohon mengikuti program Sarjana Sains (Statistik) mestilah

mempunyai kelayakan seperti berikut:

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan memperoleh PNGK yang baik dalam bidang statistik dari

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh

Senat; atau

b) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan memperoleh PNGK yang baik dalam bidang yang berkaitan dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang




OPP2: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan keupayaan menterjemah dan mensintesis

pemahaman mereka terhadap alam, manusia dan pembangunan;

OPP3: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan kesedaran terhadap alam sekitar dan mendokong pembangunan mapan;

OPP4: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan kebolehan menggunakan kaedah penyelesaian

berstatistik seperti analisis, pemodelan, pengaturcaraan dan penggunaan perisian statistik dalam menangani isu-isu pembangunan dan perubahan semasa;

OPP5: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan pendekatan saintifik dalam menjanakan dan

berkongsi pengetahuan yang bersifat inter- dan intra-disiplin; dan OPP6: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan daya kreativiti dan inovasi yang tinggi dan

mampu menyumbang idea kepada proses penggubalan dasar, pembuatan

keputusan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berupaya untuk menerapkan pengetahuan sains matematik. HPP2: Berkebolehan merangka reka bentuk kaedah yang bersesuaian dengan masalah

yang dihadapi.

HPP3: Berkemampuan menganalisis dan mentafsirkan penyelesaian yang diperoleh dan menjana idea baru berasaskan penyelesaian tersebut.

HPP4: Berkebolehan memperoleh, mengguna dan menjana maklumat.


186

HPP5: Berkekuatan mengendalikan emosi.

HPP6: Menjunjung akhlak mulia dan nilai-nilai estetika terhadap Pencipta, pelanggan

dan masyarakat. HPP7: Berkeupayaan untuk memimpin, bekerja secara berpasukan dan mengutamakan

kejayaan bersama.


Bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris. HPP9: Berkebolehan untuk memahami dampak penyelesaian sains matematik dalam

pelbagai dimensi kehidupan.

HPP10: Berkebolehan untuk mengiktiraf keperluan pembelajaran berterusan dan mengamalkannya sepanjang hayat.


Struktur Program Calon yang memilih untuk membuat kerja kursus sahaja, dikehendaki mengikuti dan lulus

sekurang-kurangnya 32 jam kredit kursus (wajib dan pilihan) di samping menyiapkan sebuah Projek Penyelidikan yang bernilai 8 jam kredit. Calon-calon yang tidak mempunyai

latar belakang yang baik dalam bidang statistik dikehendaki mengikut beberapa kursus

peralihan seperti yang disenaraikan dan mesti lulus dengan purata gred B sebelum layak mengikuti program sarjana. Kursus-kursus tersebut adalah:

Kod Nama Kursus Jam kredit STQS6004 Kalkulus dan Aljabar Matriks 4

Untuk Statistik

STQS6014 Matematik Statistik 4 STQS6024 Analisis Data dan Pemodelan 4

JUMLAH 12


I

STQS6034 Pentaabiran Berstatistik

STQS6274 Penghitungan

Berstatistik

STQS6584 Pemodelan Berstatistik


Pilih dua:

STQS6064 Statistik Perubatan

STQS6094 Teknik Pensampelan


STQS6284 Analisis Multivariat STQS6424 Kaedah Tak

Berparameter

STQS6444 Pemodelan Siri Masa

dan Peramalan

II

STQS6234 Pentaabiran Bayesian STQS6254 Reka Bentuk dan

Analisis Uji Kaji


JUMLAH

32 8

40


187

Calon yang mengikuti program Sarjana Sains secara tesis dikehendaki mengambil 12

jam kredit kursus dan membuat penulisan tesis sebagai syarat untuk mendapatkan Ijazah Sarjana. Sebanyak 12 unit yang wajib diambil adalah:-


dan 8 jam kredit kursus teras yang dipilih berkaitan dengan penyelidikan tesis dan dipersetujui oleh penyelia.

Senarai kursus yang Ditawarkan

STQS6004 Kalkulus dan Aljabar Matriks untuk Statistik

STQS6014 Statistik Bermatematik STQS6024 Analisis Data dan Pemodelan

STQS6034 Pentaabiran Berstatistik

STQS6064 Statistik Perubatan STQS6094 Teknik Pensampelan


STQS6234 Pentaabiran Bayesian STQS6244 Proses Stokastik

STQS6254 Reka Bentuk dan Analisis Uji Kaji

STQS6274 Penghitungan Berstatistik

STQS6284 Analisis Multivariat STQS6424 Kaedah Tak Berparameter

STQS6444 Pemodelan Siri Masa dan Peramalan

STQS6584 Pemodelan Berstatistik STQS6988 Projek Penyelidikan

Kandungan Kursus STQS6004 Kalkulus dan Aljabar Matriks Untuk Statistik Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan kepada pelajar tentang keperluan kalkulus

dan aljabar matriks dalam bidang statistik. Konsep had diberikan secara intuisi. Konsep terbitan, kadar perubahan dan masalah ekstremum. Dibincangkan kamiran sebagai

antiterbitan dan beberapa teknik kamiran dibincangkan. Beberapa konsep asas tentang

matriks diberikan: songsang, ubah duduk, penentu, pangkat, surih, bentuk kuadratik dan

ortogon. Beberapa konsep asas tentang vektor dipertimbangkan: vektor, persandaran linear dan tidak bersandar linear, vektor eigen dan nilai eigen. Pengenalan dibuat untuk

songsang teritlak dan pembahagian matriks. Beberapa contoh dalam model linear

diberikan.


188

Bacaan Asas

Basilevsky, A. 2005. Applied Matrix Algebra in the Statistical Sciences. Amsterdam:

Elsevier. Freund, J.E. 2004. Mathematical Statistics with Applications. New Jersey: Pearson

Prentice Hall.

Graybill, F.A. 2001. Matrices with Applications in Statistics. 2nd

ed. Belmont: Wadsworth

Group. Hoffman, L.D, Bradley, G.L. & Rosen, K.H. 2005. Applied Calculus. Edisi ke-8. New

York: McGraw-Hill.

Kolman, B. 1997. Introductory Linear Algebra with Applications. 6th ed. New York:

Macmillan. STQS6014 Matematik Statistik Kursus ini bertujuan untuk mendedahkan kepada pelajar beberapa prinsip asas tentang pemikiran dan tata kaedah statistik. Konsep pemboleh ubah rawak dan pelbagai fungsi

taburan. Taburan bagi fungsi pemboleh ubah rawak dan teknik untuk mengecam taburan

berkenaan: teknik fungsi taburan, teknik penjelmaan dan teknik fungsi penjana momen.

Taburan bivariat dan multivariat juga dibincangkan dari aspek fungsi taburan bercantum, fungsi ketumpatan bercantum, fungsi taburan margin (sut), fungsi taburan bersyarat,

ketakbersandaran di antara pemboleh ubah rawak, jangkaan bersyarat dan pekali korelasi.

Teorem Chebyshev dan taburan normal bivariat. Statistik tertib dan taburan pensampelan. Beberapa taburan khusus yang berkait dengan taburan normal seperti taburan t, khi kuasa

dua, dan F. Hukum bilangan besar dan hukum had memusat. Kaedah penganggaran titik:

kaedah kebolehjadian maksimum dan kaedah momen. Anggaran titik dan anggaran selang. Bacaan Asas Freund, J.E. 2004.Mathematical Statistics with Applications.7

thed. New Jersey: Prentice-

Hall.

Hogg, R.V. & Tanis, E.A. 2010.Probability and Statistical Inference.8th ed. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall.

Wackerly, D. D., Mendenhall, W. & Scheaffer, R.L. 2008.Mathematical Statistics with

Applications.7th ed. Belmont: Duxbury Press.

Rice, J.A. 2007. Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis. Belmont: Thomson

Brooks/Cole.

Upton, G. & Cook, I. 1997. Understanding Statistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

STQS6024 Analisis Data dan Pemodelan Kursus ini bertujuan mendedahkan pelajar kepada ujian berstatistik secara praktikal

melalui penggunaan perisian statistik. Tajuk-tajuk yang akan dibincangkan adalah ujian hipotesis, pengukuran ralat, kuasa ujian, ujian perbandingan min iaitu ujian t, analisis

varians (ANAVA), analisis kovarians (ANKOVA); ujian penyuaian kebagusan; ujian

hubungan meliputi korelasi dan regresi ringkas serta regresi berganda, dan pengenalan analisis reja. Beberapa tajuk statistik tak berparameter yang berkaitan juga dibincangkan.


189

Bacaan Asas

Agresti, A. & Franklin C.A. 2006. Statistics: The Art and Science of Learning from Data.

New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Draper, N.R. & Smith, H. 1998. Applied Regression Analysis. 3

rd ed. New York: John

Wiley.

Mann, P.S. 2004. Introductory Statistics. Edisi ke-5. New York: John Wiley.

Jacques J., Christos H.S. & Constantin Z. 2010. Advances in Stochastic Modelling and Data Analysis. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic.

Charles M.J., Gary H.M.&Carey S.R. 2008. Data Analysis: A Model Comparison

Approach, 2nd

ed. New York: Routledge. Andrew G. & Jennifer H. 2006. Data Analysis Using Regression and

Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. 1sted. New York: Cambridge.

Salvarote I., Roberto R. & Maurizio V. 2011. New Perspectives in Statistical Modeling and Data Analysis. 1

sted. New York: Springer.

Mendenhall, W. & Sincich, T. 2011.Second Course in Statistics: A Regression Analysis.

7thed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Montgomery, D. C. & Runger, G. C. 2011.Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers.5

thed. New York: John Wiley.

STQS6034 Pentaabiran Berstatistik Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memperkukuhkan pemahaman pelajar tentang teori statistik.

Sifat-sifat sesebuah sampel rawak diselidiki. Anggaran titik bagi parameter anu dan sifat-

sifat penganggar dibincangkan. Antara sifat yang turut dibincangkan ialah kecekapan, kesaksamaan, mempunyai varians terkecil, kecukupan dan kelengkapan. Ketaksamaan

Cramer-Rao dan Teorem Rao-Blackwell dibincang. Kaedah penganggaran yang dikaji

terdiri dari kaedah kebolehjadian maksimum, kaedah momen dan kaedah kuasa dua

terkecil. Penilaian asimptotik untuk penganggar juga dibincang. Selain penganggaran titik, penganggaran selang turut disajikan. Berbagai tajuk tentang pengujian hipotesis

termasuklah rantau genting terbaik dan ujian nisbah kebolehjadian turut di bincang.

Bacaan Asas Berry, D.A. & Lindgren, B.W. 1996. Statistics: Theory and Methods. 2

nd ed. Boston:

Duxbury Press.

Casella, G. & Berger, R.L. 2002. Statistical Inference. 2nd

ed. Pacific Grove, NJ: Duxbury Press.

Garthwaite, P.H., Jolliffe, I.T. & Jones, B. 1995. Statistical Inference. London: Prentice-

Hall. Gnedenko, B.V. 1999. The Theory of Probability and the Elements of Statistics. Oxford:

Oxford University Press.

Hogg R.V. & Tanis, E.A. 2010.Probability and Statistical Inference. 8th ed. NJ: Prentice

Hall.

Wackerly, D. D., Mendenhall, W. & Scheaffer, R.L. 2008.Mathematical Statistics with


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190

STQS6064 Statistik Perubatan Beberapa konsep statistik yang penting dalam perubatan ditelitikan. Kaedah-kaedah

analisis asas dikaji termasuk taksiran ujian diagnostik. Antara topik yang akan dibincangkan adalah risiko, risiko relatif, ods dan nisbah ods, prevalens dan insiden, atribut

risiko, pembauran dan saling tindak, mencam dan mengambil kira pembauran. Kajian

bercerapan seperti kajian kohort, kes-kawalan akan dikaji; kajian campur-tangan;

penentuan saiz sampel kajian. Kaedah-kaedah pemodelan dalam perubatan, model linear klasik, model logistik dan model kemandirian juga akan dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas Armitage, P., Berry, G. & Mathews, J.N.S. 2001. Statistical Methods in Medical Research.

Edisi ke-4. Oxford: Blackwell.

Bland, M. 2000. An Introduction to Medical Statistics. 3rd

ed. Oxford: Oxford University

Press. Collett, D. 2003. Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research. 2

nd ed. London: Chapman

and Hall.

Schlesselman, J.J. 1982. Case Control Studies: Design Conduct and Analysis. London:

Oxford University Press. Woordward, M. 2005. Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis. 2

nd ed. London:

Chapman and Hall.

STQS6094 Teknik Pensampelan Kursus ini memperkenalkan reka bentuk pensampelan bersama teori yang berkaitan.

Perbahasan dimulai dengan pelbagai statistik tinjauan pensampelan dan langkah awal persiapan tinjauan pensampelan. Pensampelan rawak ringkas dihuraikan dengan terperinci

meliputi aspek teori dan praktik. Penganggaran dan sifatnya akan dikaji secara matematik

dan komputasi. Pensampelan berstratum juga dibahas secara menyeluruh - teori,

matematik, amalan dan komputasi. Simulasi digunakan untuk penjanaan sampel dan kajian kecekapan penganggar. Keperluan dan pelaksanaan pensampelan berkelompok akan

dihuraikan secara menyeluruh. Pelbagai isu pelaksanaan kaedah pensampelan yang akan

melibatkan kaedah satu dan dua tahap diselidiki dan kaedah simulasi dimanfaatkan. Kursus membincangkan beberapa topik berkaitan pensampelan populasi haiwan liar, pensampelan

reruang.

Bacaan Asas Barnett, V. 2003. Sample Survey: Principles and Methods. 3

rd ed. London: Hodder Arnold

Publication.

Lohr S. L. 1999. Sampling: Design and Analysis. Duxbury Press. International Thomson Publishing.

Levy, P.S. & Lemeshow, S. 2008. Sampling of Populations: Methods and Applications. 4th

ed. New York: Wiley. Rao, P.S.R.S. 2000. Sampling Methodologies with Applications. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC

Press LLC.

Thompson, S.K. 2002. Sampling (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics). 2nd

ed. New

York: John Wiley.


191

STQS6234 Pentaabiran Bayesian Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan pelajar tentang teori Bayesian. Pentaabiran

Bayesian untuk taburan normal dibincangkan. Selain daripada itu, pentaabiran Bayesian untuk taburan selain normal juga dikaji - Binomial, Poisson, dll. Tajuk-tajuk lain

termasuklah model Bayesian berhirarki, Bayes empirik, pengujian hipotesis, korelasi,

regresi dan analisis varians.

Bacaan Asas Bolstad, W.M. 2004. Introduction to Bayesian Statistics. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. Casella, G. & Berger, R.L. 2002 Statistical Inference. 2

nd ed. Pacific Grove: Duxbury.

Congdon, P. 2006. Applied Bayesian Modeling. 2nd

ed. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Lee, P.M. 1991. Bayesian Statistics: An Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. O' Hagan, A. 1994. Kendall's Advanced Theory of Statistics: Bayesian Inference.

Cambridge: University Press.

STQS6244 Proses Stokastik Kursus ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan pelajar kepada teori proses stokastik. Antara

topik yang dibincangkan ialah rantai Markov diskrit dan selanjar. Ini meliputi subtopik

berkenaan persamaan Chapman-Kolmogorov, Proses Kelahiran dan Kematian, kebarangkalian pengehad dan beberapa sifat proses Markov yang penting. Topik lain yang

dibincangkan ialah proses Poisson dan proses pembaharuan yang meliputi subtopik proses

Poisson sekata dan tidak sekata, proses Poisson kompoun, pengurai Proses poisson, persamaan Pembaharuan, fungsi nilai min, teori limit dan lain-lain. Pelajar juga

didedahkan dengan topik teori kebolehpercayaan, pergerakan Brownian dan aplikasi

kaedah rantai Markov Monte Carlo.

Bacaan Asas Ross, S.M. 2007. Introduction to Probability Models. 9th edition.Burlinton: Elsevier.

Kao, E.P.C. 1997. An Introduction to Stochastic Processes. California: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Beichelt, F. E. & Fatti, L.P. 2002. Stochastic Process and Their Application. London:

Taylor & Francis.

Papoulis, A. & Pillai, S.U. 2002. Probability, Random Variables and Stochactic Processes. 4th Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.

STQS6254 Reka Bentuk Uji Kaji dan Analisis Tujuan kursus ini adalah untuk menerangkan peranan statistik dalam kaedah sains yang

merupakan keperluan utama untuk menghasilkan uji kaji yang cekap. Kursus ini akan

menyentuh prinsip-prinsip asas dalam uji kaji; perawakan , dan pereplikaan. RRL & ANAVA sehala; kontras linear; anggapan di sebalik ANAVA; analisis reja; sifat berdaya

tambah & saling tindak; penjelmaan untuk memenuhi anggapan ANAVA; Reka bentuk

blok; blok tak lengkap; sifat ortogan & seimbang; petua mengagihkan rawatan dalam blok;

uji kaji faktoran 2n; pemblokan dan pembauran dalam uji kaji faktoran; uji kaji faktoran


192

pecahan; sistem pembauran dan alias; resolusi reka bentuk. Topik-topik lain meliputi uji

kaji plot pecahan; kaedah permukaan sambutan; dan analisis kovarians.

Bacaan Asas Berger, P.D. & Maurer, R.E. 2002. Experimental Design with Application in Management,

Engineering, and the Sciences. Duxbury: Thompson Learning.

Cox, D.R. & Reid, N. 2000. The Theory of the Design of Experiments. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Pres LLC.

Hinkelmann, K. & Kempthorne, O. 2008. Design and Analysis of Experiments, Vol 1:

Introduction to Experimental Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Kuehl, R.O. 2000. Design of Experiments: Statistical Principles of Research Design and

Analysis. 2nd

ed. Duxbury: Thompson Learning.

Montgomery, D.C. 2005. Design and Analysis of Experiments. 6th ed. New York: John

Wiley.

STQS6274 Penghitungan Berstatistik Pelajar akan dipersiapkan dengan pelbagai isu penghitungan yang berguna dalam analisis data dan pentaabiran berstatistik. Untuk tujuan ini pelajar diberikan kemahiran

menggunakan perisian R. Memanfaatkan penguasaan komputasi R pelajar diberi

kemahiran asas menulis program untuk pelbagai ikhtisar statistik, pembinaan taburan imperik dan pelbagai teknik penentuan kuantil data secara tak berparameter. Menyusul

selepas itu pelajar akan diberikan kemahiran pelbagai teknik penjanaan data rawak.

Pentaabiran statistik kaedah klasik dan Bayesian dihuraikan. Semua perbahasan akan diseiringkan dengan data untuk permasalahan praktikal. Kaedah pensampelan semula -

butstrap, jacknife, statistik tertib diterokai bersama dengan ujian hipotesis menggunakan

ujian permutasi dan Monte Carlo.

Bacaan Asas Congdon, P. 2006. Bayesian Statistical Modelling. 2

nd ed: USA: John Wiley.

Higgin, J.J. 2004. An Introduction to Modern Nonparametric Statistics. USA: Brook/Cole-Thomson Learning.

Lunneborg, C.E. 2000. Data Analysis by Resampling: Concepts and Application. USA:

Duxbury Thomson Learning.

Venables W.N. & Ripley B.D. 2002. Mordern Applied Statistics with S. 4th ed. New York:

Springer Verlag.

Tanner, M.A. 1993. Tools for Statistical Inference, Method for the Exploration of

Posterior Distribution and Likelihood Functions. 2nd


STQS6284 Analisis Multivariat Kursus ini memperkenalkan ciri data multivariat dan membandingkannya dengan data univariat. Amalan analisis data univariat dipadankan secara langsung kepada data

multivariat. Teori anggaran dan pentaabiran untuk taburan multivariat dibahas. Pelbagai

kaedah multivariat seperti analisis varians multivariat, korelasi berkanonik, komponen

utama, faktor, pembeza layan, dan pengelompokan dihurai. Kursus ini dilaksanakan


193

dengan menggabungkan aspek teori, matematik, penghitungan dan analisis data secara

sepadu.

Bacaan Asas Anderson, T.W. 2003. An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 3

rd ed. New

York : John Wiley & Sons.

Johnson, R.C. & Wichern, D.W. 2002. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 5th ed.

New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Lattin, J., Carroll, J.D. & Green, P.E. 2003. Analyzing Multivariate Data. Duxbury:

Thomson Learning.

Mardia, K.V., Kent, J.T. & Bibby, J.M. 1979. Multivariate Analysis. New York: Academic Press.

Tacq, J. 1997. Multivariate Analysis Techniques in Social Science Research. New York:

Sage Publ

STQS6424 Kaedah Tak Berparameter Kursus ini bermula dengan memperkenalkan kepada pelajar anggapan-anggapan asas di

sebalik kaedah tak berparameter. Tajuk-tajuk yang dibincangkan termasuk kaedah-kaedah bagi satu sampel, dua sampel yang bersandar dan dua sampel yang tidak bersandar;

penghampiran normal kepada ujian-ujian tersebut; ujian-ujian bagi tiga sampel atau lebih;

ujian-ujian bagi aliran dan pertalian; analisis data yang terpangkas; ujian Kaplan-Meier dan ujian Mann-Whitney itlak Gehan; dan kaedah butstrap tak berparameter. Topik-topik lain

meliputi beberapa kaedah pelicinan dan pemadanan model.

Bacaan Asas Agresti, A. 1996. An Introduction to Categorical Data Analysis. New York: John Wiley.

Conover, W.J. 1999. Practical Nonparametric Statistics. 3rd ed. Singapore: Wiley.

Gibbons, J.D. & Chakraborti, S. 2004. Nonparametric Statistical Inference. Edisi ke-4. New York: Marcel Dekker.

Sprent, P. & Smeeton, N.C. 2007. Applied Nonparametric Statistical Methods. London:

Chapman & Hall. Wasserman, L. 2006. All of Nonparametric Statistics. New York: Springer.

STQS6444 Pemodelan Siri Masa dan Peramalan Kursus ini bertujuan untuk menganggar model regresi mudah, menerangkan teknik

memodel trend dan kemeruapan data siri masa, menerangkan tentang hubungan kointegrasi

antara satu siri masa dengan satu atau beberapa siri masa lain, dan mengenengahkan isu-

isu yang penting dalam menganalisis data siri masa. Bagi pemodelan trend dan kemeruapan, tumpuan diberikan kepada model ARCH dan GARCH. Hubungan kointegrasi

pula membincangkan pendekatan pembetulan ralat dan pendekatan Johansen. Pada akhir

semester, pelajar akan menyediakan satu laporan pendek yang menekankan kepada penggunaan teknik-teknik pengujian dan analisis model yang disentuh dalam kursus ini.


194

Bacaan Asas Enders, W. 2004. Applied Econometric Time Series. 2

nd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &

Sons. Greene, W.H. 2007. Econometric Analysis. 4

th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Hamilton, J.D. 1994. Time Series Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Tsay, R.S. 2005. Analysis of Financial Time Series. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Vogelvang, B. 2005. Econometrics Theory and Applications with Eviews. Harlow: Pearson Education.

STQS6584 Pemodelan Berstatistik Kursus bermula dengan memperkenalkan konsep pemodelan melalui pemodelan regres

linear ringkas, berganda, dan regresi tak linear yang ralatnya diandaikan tertabur secara

normal. Pemeriksaan diagnostik terhadap model suaian dan andaian model akan diterangkan. Seterusnya kursus diteruskan dengan model yang andaian kenormalan

ralatnya tidak dipenuhi. Pelajar akan didedahkan dengan konsep pemodelan linear teritlak

seperti model logistik, Poisson dan model loglinear. Konsep penganggaran kebolehjadian maksimum, ujian nisbah kebolehjadian dan konsep devians akan diperkenalkan.

Bacaan Asas Myers, R.H., Montgomery, D.C., Vinning, G.G. & Robinson, T.J. 2010. Generalized

Linear Model: With Applications in Engineering and the Sciences. 2nd

ed. New York:

John Wiley & Sons.

Daniel T.K. 2009. Statistical Modeling: A Fresh Approach. Macalester: Createspace. David A.F. 2009. Statistical Models: Theory and Practice. 2

nd ed. Cambridge: University

Press.

Dobson, A.J. & Barnett, A. 2008. An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models.3rd ed.

Florida: Chapman and Hall/CRC.

STQS6988 Projek Penyelidikan Projek penyelidikan merupakan satu kursus wajib yang melibatkan kajian kes/kajian

kesusasteraan/penyelidikan. Pelajar dikehendaki menjalankan satu penyelidikan di bawah

penyeliaan seorang penyelia. Pelajar juga dikehendaki memilih sesuatu tajuk penyelidikan

yang sesuai dan dipersetujui oleh penyelia. Pelajar perlu menulis suatu laporan saintifik yang menyeluruh bagi penyelidikan yang telah dijalankan.

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_1?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&ie=UTF8&field-author=David%20A.%20Freedman

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_2?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&ie=UTF8&field-author=Adrian%20Barnett


195

SARJANA SAINS (PENINGKATAN KUALITI DAN PRODUKTIVITI)

Pengenalan Program ini ditawarkan untuk menangani cabaran dalam isu kualiti dan produktiviti yang diperlukan dalam persekitaran di sektor awam, pembuatan dan perkhidmatan.Kursus-

kursus utama yang ditawarkan meliputi falsafah dan kaedah-kaedah pengurusan

menyeluruh dan peningkatan kualiti barangan dan perkhidmatan dengan tumpuan diberikan kepada penggunaan kaedah sains matematik.Mesej utama program ini ialah

untuk memberi pengetahuan menggunakan kaedah sains matematik dan kemahiran

matematik dan statistik untuk meningkatkan kualiti barangan dan juga perkhidmatan.

Syarat Kemasukan

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan PNGK yang baik dalam bidang Sains Matematik dari

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

b) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan PNGK yang baik dalam bidang sains, teknologi,

kejuruteraan, pengurusan atau sains sosial dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

c) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dalam bidang sains, teknologi, kejuruteraan, pengurusan atau

sains sosial dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat serta pengalaman bekerja yang bersesuaian.



OPP2: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan keupayaan menterjemah dan mensintesis

pemahaman mereka terhadap alam, manusia dan pembangunan; OPP3: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan kesedaran terhadap alam sekitar dan mendokong

pembangunan mapan;

OPP4: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan kebolehan menggunakan kaedah penyelesaian bermatematik seperti analisis, pemodelan, pengaturcaraan dan perisian

matematik dalam menangani isu-isu pembangunan dan perubahan semasa;

OPP5: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan pendekatan saintifik dalam menjanakan dan

berkongsi pengetahuan yang bersifat inter- dan intra-disiplin; dan

OPP6: Melengkapkan pelajar dengan daya kreativiti dan inovasi yang tinggi dan

mampu menyumbang idea kepada proses penggubalan dasar, pembuatan keputusan dan pelaksanaan pembangunan.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Berupaya untuk menerapkan pengetahuan kualiti dan produktiviti. HPP2: Berkebolehan merangka reka bentuk kaedah yang bersesuaian dengan masalah

yang dihadapi.


196

HPP3: Berkemampuan menganalisis dan mentafsirkan penyelesaian yang diperoleh dan



HPP6: Menjunjung akhlak mulia dan nilai-nilai estetika terhadap Pencipta, pelanggan

dan masyarakat.



Bahasa Melayu dan Inggeris. HPP9: Berkebolehan untuk memahami dampak penyelesaian kualiti dan produktiviti

dalam pelbagai dimensi kehidupan.

HPP10: Berkebolehan untuk mengiktiraf keperluan pembelajaran berterusan dan mengamalkannya sepanjang hayat.


Struktur Program Program ini ditawarkan hanya secara kerja kursus. Calon dikehendaki mengikuti dan lulus

32 jam kredit kursus (wajib dan pilihan) di samping menyiapkan sebuah projek penyelidikan yang bernilai 8 jam kredit. Calon diwajibkan untuk mengambil kursus fakulti

STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan.

Program ini terbahagi kepada tiga modul seperti berikut:-

Sektor Awam

Sektor Pembuatan

Sektor Perkhidmatan


197

Modul Sektor Awam


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

STQK6114 Jaminan Kualiti

dan Piawaian STQK6134 Pengurusan Kualiti

Menyeluruh

STQK6144 Pengukuran

Prestasi Organisasi

Pilih dua:

STQK6124 Kawalan Proses dan

Peningkatan Kualiti STQK6514 Pengurusan Kualiti

Dalam Sektor

Perkhidmatan

STQK6534 Kaedah Penyelidikan

Pemasaran

STQK6544 Reka Bentuk Kualiti

dan Kebolehpastian

Sistem

II

STQK6324 Sistem

Penyampaian

Perkhidmatan di

sektor Awam

STQK6524 Pengukuran

Produktiviti

STQK6988 Projek

Penyelidikan

JUMLAH

32 8

40

Modul Sektor Pembuatan


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

STQK6114 Jaminan Kualiti dan

Piawaian

STQK6134 Pengurusan Kualiti

Menyeluruh

STQK6144 Pengukuran Prestasi

Organisasi

Pilih dua:

STQK6264 Pengurusan Rantaian

Bekalan

STQK6514 Pengurusan Kualiti

dalam Sektor

Perkhidmatan


Pemasaran

STQK6544 Reka Bentuk Kualiti

dan Kebolehpastian Sistem

II

STQK6124 Kawalan Proses dan

Peningkatan Kualiti

STQK6524 Pengukuran

Produktiviti STQK6988 Projek Penyelidikan

JUMLAH

32 8

40


198

Modul Sektor Perkhidmatan


I


STQK6114 Jaminan Kualiti

dan Piawaian STQK6134 Pengurusan

Kualiti

Menyeluruh

STQK6144 Pengukuran Prestasi

Organisasi

Pilih dua:

STQK6124 Kawalan Proses

dan Peningkatan Kualiti

STQK6264 Pengurusan

Rantaian Bekalan


Pemasaran

STQK6544 Reka Bentuk Kualiti dan

Kebolehpastian

Sistem

II

STQK6514 Pengurusan Kualiti dalam

Sektor

Perkhidmatan

STQK6524 Pengukuran Produktiviti

STQK6988 Projek

Penyelidikan

JUMLAH

32 8

40



STQK6114 Jaminan Kualiti dan Piawaian

STQK6124 Kawalan Proses dan Peningkatan Kualiti

STQK6134 Pengurusan Kualiti Menyeluruh STQK6144 Pengukuran Prestasi Organisasi

STQK6264 Pengurusan Rantaian Bekalan

STQK6324 Sistem Penyampaian Perkhidmatan di Sektor Awam STQK6514 Pengurusan Kualiti dalam Sektor Perkhidmatan

STQK6524 Pengukuran Produktiviti

STQK6534 Kaedah Penyelidikan Pemasaran STQK6544 Reka Bentuk Kualiti dan Kebolehpastian Sistem

STQK6988 Projek Penyelidikan


199

Kandungan Kursus

STQK6114 Jaminan Kualiti dan Piawaian Kursus ini bertujuan memberi pengetahuan kepada pelajar mengenai sistem kualiti dalam

sesebuah organisasi dan kegunaannya dalam menjamin kualiti pengeluaran atau perkhidmatan. Tajuk yang dibincangkan termasuk Kawalan Kualiti Menyeluruh, ISO 9000

dan perkembangannya, pendokumentasian dan perancangan sistem kualiti, dan audit

kualiti dan akreditasian. Kursus ini juga mendedahkan pelajar kepada Sistem Pengurusan Kualiti (SPK) dari perspektif Islam dan prinsip-prinsip Syariah yang mendokong

pembangunan dan pentakrifan SPK MS 1900:2005. Seterusnya, SPK MS 1900:2005

dikupas dari sudut implementasi dalam pelbagai sektor dan kaedah meningkatkan daya-saing dengan menambah nilai-nilai Islam dan aspek halal dalam proses penghasilan produk

dan penyediaan perkhidmatan, juga dalam persekitaran kerja.

Bacaan Asas

Department of Standards Malaysia. MS 1500: 2004. Halal food - Production, preparation,

handling and storage.

Gitlow, H. S. 2000. Quality Management System: A Practical Guide. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press LLC.

Hoyle, D. 2005. ISO 9000 Quality Systems Handbook. Oxford. UK: Butterworth

Heinemann. Kemp, S. 2005. Quality Management Demystified. New York: McGraw Hill.

Peach, R. W. 1996. The ISO 9000 Handbook. Edisi ke-3. New York: McGraw Hill.

STQK6124 Kawalan Proses dan Peningkatan Kualiti Kursus ini diolah bagi mendedahkan para pelajar akan keperluan memahami penggunaan

kaedah statistik di dalam kawalan proses dan peningkatan kualiti berasaskan konsep

6Sigma. Menggunakan contoh-contoh dari industri, kursus ini menjelaskan kaedah-kaedah asas bagi menjamin proses berada di dalam kawalan, prinsip-prinsip asas pengumpulan

dan persembahan data untuk pemantauan, kawalan dan penambahbaikan proses. Secara

khusus, kursus ini menekankan terhadap perbincangan sekitar memahami serta

mentaktifkan konsep 6Sigma dan langkah-langkahnya, pengecaman faktor-faktor kritikal terhadap kualiti, strategi pengukuran, fasa analisis, fasa kawalan serta alat-alat kualiti

termasuk beberapa carta kawalan data selanjar dan atribut seperti carta min dan julat, carta

min dan sisihan piawai, carta data individu dan purata bergerak, carta CUSUM dan carta EWMA. Topik-topik seperti penilaian kebolehupayaan proses, pengecaman proses di luar

kawalan, dan carta kawalan lanjutan juga dibincangkan.

Bacaan Asas David S. Chambers & Donald J. Wheeler. 1992. Understanding Statistical Process

Control. 2nd

ed. SPC PRESS (Statistical Process Control)

Donald J. Wheeler. 2004. Advanced Topics in Statistical Process Control: The Power of Shewhart’s Charts. 2

nd ed. SPC PRESS (Statistical Process Control)

Douglas C. Montgomery, 6th

ed. 2008. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control.John

Wiley


200

John S. Oakland. 2008. Statistical process control. 6th ed. Elsevier Burlington,USA

Nur Riza Mohd Suradi, Zainol Haji Mustafa dan Faridatul Azna Ahmad Shahbudin. 2000.

Kawalan Proses Statistik; Applikasi di Industri. Penerbit UKM Pete Pande & Larry Holpp. 2011. What is Six Sigma? McGraw-Hill

STQK6134 Pengurusan Kualiti Menyeluruh Kursus ini memperkenalkan pelajar kepada konsep Pengurusan Kualiti Menyeluruh (PKM) dari aspek sejarah, falsafah, prinsip, keperluan, pengukuran, laporan dan kegunaannya.

Tajuk yang dibincangkan termasuk sejarah perkembangan PKM, falsafah PKM prinsip dan

keperluan PKM; penumpuan pelanggan, pengurusan sumber manusia, pengurusan proses dan pengukuran prestasi, dan penandaarasan.

Bacaan Asas Camp, R.C. 2006. Benchmarking: The Search for Industry Best Practices That Lead to

Superior Performance. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: ASQC Quality Press.

Evans, J.R. & Lindsay, W.M. 2004. The Management and Control of Quality. 6th ed.

South-Western: South-Western College Pub. Leonard, D. & Mcguire, M. 2007. The Executive Guide to Understanding and

Implementing the Baldrige Criteria: Improve Revenue and Create Organizational

Excellence (ASQ Quality Management Division Economics of Quality Book Series). Milwaukee, Wisconsin: ASQ Quality Press.

Patricia Keehley, P. & Abercrombie, N. 2008. Benchmarking in the Public and Nonprofit

Sectors: Best by Practices for Achieving Performance Breakthroughs. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

Thomas, F.S. 2002. Managing Quality: An Integrative Approach. Upper saddle River, NJ:

Prentice Hall.

STQK6144 Pengukuran Prestasi Organisasi Kursus ini bertujuan memberi pengetahuan kepada pelajar tentang konsep pengukuran

prestasi sesebuah organisasi. Penekanan berkisar kepada persoalan mengapa pengukuran prestasi diperlukan oleh organisasi dan bagaimana pengukuran prestasi dapat

dilaksanakan. Antara topik yang disentuh adalah, penunjuk prestasi utama (Key

performance Index, KPI) serta kaitannya dengan perancangan strategik organisasi. Prinsip

pengukuran berasaskan „Balanced Scorecard‟ (BSC) dengan mengukur prestasi berasaskan empat perspektif utama; Proses Dalaman, Pelanggan, Kewangan dan Modal Insan turut

dibincangkan beserta cabaran dalam melaksanakannya. Kefahaman pelajar diperkukuhkan

dengan beberapa kajian kasus di dalam organisasi. Bacaan Asas Neely, A., Adams, C. & Kennerly, M.. 2012. The Performance Prism: The Scorecard for

Measuring and Managing Business Success. Financial Times Prentice Hall.

Halachmi, A. & Bouckaert, G. 1996. Organizational performance and measurement in the

public sector: toward service, effort and accomplishment reporting. Connecticut and

London: Quorum Book.


201

Frost, B. 2000. Measuring Performance: Using the new metrics to deploy strategy and

improve performance. 2nd

ed. Measurement Intl.

Parmenter, D. 2010. Key Performance Indicators (KPI): Developing, Implementing and Using Winning KPIs. 2

nd ed. Wiley.

Spitzer, D.R. 2007. Transforming Performance Measurement: Rethinking the Way We

Measure and Drive Organizational Success. AMACOM.

Smith, D.K.. 1999. Make Success Measurable: A Mindbook-Workbook for Setting Goals and Taking Action. Wiley.

Hubbard, D.W. 2007. How to Measure Anything: Finding the Value of “Intangibles” in

Business. Wiley.

STQK6264 Pengurusan Rantaian Bekalan Kursus ini merupakan satu pengenalan kepada konsep rantaian bekalan dan akan

menjelajah pengurusan rantaian bekalan bagi meningkatkan kecekapan bekalan

keseluruhan sesebuah organisasi. Konsep lain termasuk definisi bekalan rantaian, prosedur

pengecaman, gambaran keseluruhan terhadap kaedah-kaedah, proses-proses, dan sistem yang digunakan dalam operasi rantaian bekalan, dan penggunaan kaedah-kaedah, proses-

proses, dan sistem yang digunakan untuk menambah baik prestasi rantaian bekalan.

Bacaan Asas Chopra, S. & Meindl, P. 2006. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning &

Operations. 3rd

ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Hugos, M. 2006. Essentials of Supply Chain Management. New York: John Wiley &

Sons.

Madu, C.N. 2005. ERP and Supply Chain Management. Connecticut: Chi Publishers Inc. Schoenfeldt, T. 2008. A Practical Application of Supply Chain Management Principles.

Milwaukee, Wisconsin: ASQC Quality Press.

Stadtler, H. 2004. Supply Chain Management And Advanced Planning: Concepts, Models, Software & Case Studies. 3rd ed. New York: Springer-Verlag.

STQK6324 Sistem Penyampaian Perkhidmatan Di sektor Awam Dalam kursus ini, pelajar akan didedahkan dengan Sistem Penyampaian Perkhidmatan oleh Agensi Kerajaan. Antara yang perlu difahami ialah pelbagai dasar, peraturan dan

pekeliling tentang pelbagai jenis dan tahap perkhidmatan awam yang dikeluarkan oleh

pihak Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia. Aspek sejarah perkhidmatan awam dan evolusi sistem penyampaian perkhidmatan awam di Malaysia turut dibincangkan. Antara

pendekatan penting dalam sistem penyampaian perkhidmatan yang akan diketengahkan

ialah 'Best Value Review'. Perbandingan dengan beberapa sistem penyampaian perkhidmatan awam di negara luar, khususnya di negara maju seperti Australia, United

Kingdom, USA dan Kanada akan turut disentuh. Beberapa kajian kes sistem penyampaian

perkhidmatan awam di agensi-agensi kerajaan akan dibincangkan.


202

Bacaan Asas Anwar Shah. 2005. Public Services Delivery (Public Sector, Governance, and

Accountabilityseries). Washington, DC: World Bank Publication. Anwar Shah. 2009. Tools for Public Sector Evaluation (Public Sector, Governance, and

Accountability Series). Washington, DC: World Bank Publication.

Christopher, H. Lovelock. 2008. Services Marketing. 7th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ:

Prentice-Hall. Light, P.C. 1999. The New Public Service. New York: Brooking Institution Press.

Mat Zin Mat Kib. 2006. Penyampaian Perkhidmatan Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan: Isu dan

Cabaran. Universiti Teknologi MARA. Shah Alam: Pusat Penerbitan Universiti.

STQK6514 Pengurusan Kualiti dalam Sektor Perkhidmatan Kursus ini menerangkan kepada pelajar takrifan „perkhidmatan pelanggan‟ dan „kecemerlangan perkhidmatan‟, asas kecemerlangan perkhidmatan serta kepentingan

kecemerlangan perkhidmatan kepada sesebuah organisasi. Antara aspek penting ialah

bagaimana sesebuah organisasi dapat meningkatkan kualiti perkhidmatannya. Ia

membincangkan jangkaan pelanggan dan kepuasan mereka, begitu juga dengan aduan pelanggan serta menyelesaikan masalah yang dikemukakan oleh pelanggan. Dalam kursus

ini pelajar akan didedahkan dengan beberapa kajian kes yang melibatkan kecemerlangan

perkhidmatan di agensi-agensi Kerajaan dan swasta. Turut dibincangkan ialah beberapa teknik dan kaedah berkesan untuk mengurus sesuatu perkhidmatan.

Bacaan Asas Fitzsimmons, J.A. & fitzsimmons, M. J. 2011. Service Management: Operations, Strategy,

Information Technology. Edisi ke-7. New York: McGraw-Hill. Johnston, R. & Clark, G. 2005. Service Operations Management. 2

nd ed. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall.

Van Looy, B., Gemmel, P. & Van Dierdock, R. 2003. Service Marketing: An Integrated Approach. Edisi ke-2. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J. & Gremler, D. D. 2009. Service Marketing: Integrating

Customer Focus Across the Firm. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Zemke, R. & Woods, J. A. 1999. Best Practice in Customer Service. New York: American Management Association.

STQK6524 Pengukuran Produktiviti Kursus ini memperkenalkan konsep pengukuran produktiviti sesebuah firma yang

mengubah input yang digunakan kepada output secara cekap. Pengukuran produktiviti

adalah satu cara yang menyediakan medium yang baik untuk memantau status produktiviti, dan untuk mengaitkan produktiviti dengan objektif strategik lain secara jelas. Tajuk-tajuk

yang dibincangkan termasuk penunjuk-penunjuk produktiviti, kaedah Analisis

Penyampulan Data (APD), nombor-nombor Indeks dan Indeks Malmquist. Beberapa

penggunaan kaedah APD dan Indeks Malmquist akan dibincangkan.


203

Bacaan Asas

Aft, L.S. 1991. Productivity Measurement and Improvement. Upper Saddle River. NJ:

Prentice Hall. Coelli, T.J., Rao, D.S.P., O'Donnell, C.J. & Battese, G.E. 2005. An Introduction to

Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. Edisi ke-2. New York: Springer Science &

Business Media, Inc.

Norman, M. & Stoker, B. 1991. Data Envelopment Analysis: The Assessment of Performance. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Schaffer, R.H. 2006. Managing Productivity. New York: Jaico Publishing House.

Sherman, H.D. & Joe, S. 2006. Service Productivity Management. New York: Springer Science & Business Media, Inc.

STQK6534 Kaedah Penyelidikan Pemasaran Kursus ini membincangkan kaedah penyelidikan dalam bidang pemasaran. Pelajar akan

didedahkan dengan kaedah penyelidikan saintifik bagi memahami serta menganalisis

sesuatu masalah dalam organisasi. Kefahaman tentang persoalan masalah, isu penyelidikan, reka bentuk penyelidikan, pengumpulan dan analisis data akan dibincangkan

secara mendalam. Pendekatan terbaik dalam menghasilkan 'Ringkasan Eksekutif' juga akan

disentuh. Penggunaan pakej statistik SPSS serta tafsiran kepada hasil analisis statistik akan didedahkan kepada pelajar. Dalam hal ini, beberapa konsep dan kaedah analisis statistik

akan dibincangkan dengan menggunakan set data yang dikumpul daripada masalah nyata

yang dipilih. Bacaan Asas

Burns, A.C. & Bush, R.F. 2006. Marketing Research. 5th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ:

Pearson Prentice Hall. Malhotra, N.K. 2007. Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation. 5

th ed. Upper Saddle

River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

McDaniel, C. & Gates, R. 2007. Marketing Research. Edisi ke-7. Hoboken, NJ: John

Wiley & Sons. Scheaffer, R.L. & Mendenhall, W. 1990. Elementary Survey Sampling. 4

th ed. Boston:

PWS-KENT Publ. Co.

Zikmund, W.G. 1991. Exploring Market Research. Edisi ke-4. Chicago: Dryden Press.

STQK6544 Reka bentuk Kualiti dan Kebolehpastian Sistem Kursus ini meneroka bagaimana statistik digunakan bagi mengawal kualiti reka bentuk

produk dan proses dalam industri pembuatan dan seterusnya menjamin kebolehpercayaan

sistem pengeluaran. Data yang dipungut daripada reka bentuk uji akan dianalisis dan seterusnya para pelajar akan berkemampuan menterjemah keputusan tersebut kepada yang

bererti bagi konteks uji kajimasing-masing dengan mengambilkira ralat dan faktor yang

sesuai. Antara tajuk yang dibincangkan adalah reka bentuk uji kaji dalam peningkatan dan kawalan kualiti: analisis varians, ujian-f, perbandingan berganda, reka bentuk rawak

lengkap, reka bentuk faktoran, keortogonan, pemblokan, permukaan sambutan dan reka

bentuk optimum; takrif kualiti Taguchi, kaedah Taguchi, nisbah isyarat-bisingan, reka bentuk teguh; fungsi kerugian dan toleransi pengeluaran; kebolehpastian dan fungsi


204

mudarat; taburan masa hayat; pemilihan model dan penyuaian; sistem boleh baiki; mantik

sistem; pokok kegagalan; rancangan ujian hayat; pengujian hayat dipercepatkan; model

mudarat berkadaran dan regresi, termasuk juga pendedahan kepada kaedah tindakbalas permukaan (RSM).

Bacaan Asas Dhillon, B. 1999. Design Reliability: Fundamentals and Applications. Boca Raton, Fl.:

CRC Press. Douglas C. Montgomery. 2012. Design and Analysis of Experiments. 8

th ed. John Wiley

George E. P. Box, J. Stuart Hunter, William G. Hunter. 2005. Statistics for

Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery. 2nd

ed. Wiley-Interscience. Jiju Antony. 2003. Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists. Butterworth-

Heinemann.

Mark J. Anderson dan Patrick J. Whitcomb. 2007. DOE Simplified: Practical Tools for Effective Experimentation. 2

nd ed. Productivity Press;

Paul G. Mathews. 2005. Design of Experiments with MINITAB. ASQ Quality Press.

Ranjit K. Roy.2001. Design of Experiments Using the Taguchi Approach: 16 Steps to

Product and Process Improvement. John Wiley Warren Brussee. 2004. Statistics for Six Sigma Made Easy.1

st ed. McGraw-Hill.

STQK6988 Projek Penyelidikan Projek penyelidikan merupakan satu kursus wajib yang melibatkan kajian kes/kajian

kesusasteraan/penyelidikan. Pelajar dikehendaki menjalankan satu penyelidikan di bawah

penyeliaan seorang penyelia. Pelajar juga dikehendaki memilih sesuatu tajuk penyelidikan yang sesuai dan dipersetujui oleh penyelia. Pelajar perlu menulis suatu laporan saintifik

yang menyeluruh bagi penyelidikan yang telah dijalankan.

http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-302477.html?query=Ranjit+K.+Roy


205

PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS SEKITARAN DAN SUMBER ALAM


206

PUSAT PENGAJIAN SAINS SEKITARAN DAN SUMBER ALAM

Pengenalan

Penubuhan Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam menggabungkan ilmu sains

sekitaran, geologi, biologi dan sains marin. Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber

Alam menyahut cabaran negara untuk membangunkan kemampuan ahli sains dan teknokrat. Untuk mencapai matlamat tersebut, Pusat Pengajian ini menawarkan beberapa

program pengajian di peringkat Sarjana dan Doktor Falsafah yang tertumpu kepada

penyelidikan asli.

Bidang Penyelidikan dan Ijazah yang Ditawarkan

Pusat Pengajian menjalankan penyelidikan dalam bidang-bidang utama biologi, sains

sekitaran, geologi dan sains laut. Bagi bidang biologi, teras penyelidikan adalah sistematik tumbuhan dan haiwan, biologi pemuliharaan, ekologi hutan, sains rumpai dan sitogenetik.

Bagi sains sekitaran pula ia melibatkan pencemaran udara, air, tanah serta kawalannya,

kebakaran hutan dan ekologi hutan, kerintangan pestisid, kesihatan dan keselamatan

sekitaran, pemonitoran biologi dan penilaian impak alam sekitar. Untuk bidang-bidang geologi, kajian berkisar kepada geologi dan geofizik kejuruteraan, analisis lembangan,

geologi petroleum, geologi sekitaran, geologi ekonomi dan industri mineral,

geopelancongan dan geologi pemuliharaan, geologi serantau serta penderiaan jauh dan GIS. Akhirnya sains laut meliputi ekologi terumbu karang dan paya bakau, kepelbagaian

invertebrata, ikan serta mikrob, fenomena rumpair berbahaya, pola iklim dan cuaca serta

kaitannya dengan fenomena El Nino dan La Nina, geokimia logam berat dan radionuklid, serta aplikasi penderiaan jauh dan GIS untuk pemonitoran perubahan pesisir pantai. Di

peringkat siswazah, Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam menawarkan

program berikut:

a) Program Doktor Falsafah

Biologi

Botani

Genetik

Zoologi

Geologi

Sains Laut

Sains Sekitaran

b) Program Sarjana Sains Secara Penyediaan Tesis

Biologi

Botani

Genetik

Zoologi


207

Geologi

Sains Laut

Sains Sekitaran

c) Program Sarjana Sains Secara Kerja Kursus

Biologi Pemuliharaan

Entomologi

Sistematik Tumbuhan

Pengurusan Sumber Genetik Tumbuhan

Geofizik Kejuruteraan dan Persekitaran

Geologi Kejuruteraan

Mineral Industri

Penilaian dan Pemantauan Persekitaran

Sains Marin

Syarat Kemasukan

Calon yang memohon untuk mengikuti Program Pengajian Siswazah mestilah mempunyai

kelayakan seperti berikut:-

Program Doktor Falsafah

a) Ijazah Sarjana dari UKM atau mana-mana Institut Pengajian Tinggi yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

b) Kelulusan lain setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjana Sains dan mempunyai kelayakan lain atau


c) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains atau kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) sekurang-kurangnya

3.67 dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang

diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau d) Kelulusan lain setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjana dan mempunyai kelayakan lain atau

pengalaman yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.

Program Sarjana Sains a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK)

yang baik dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang

diiktiraf oleh senat; atau

b) Kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda dan mempunyai kelayakan lain atau pengalaman dan bekerja dalam bidang yang relevan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;

atau

c) Calon yang tidak memenuhi syarat PNGK minimum yang ditetapkan dengan syarat calon mempunyai pengalaman penyelidikan dalam bidang berkaitan.


208

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (BIOLOGI)

OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP) OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan biologi yang

mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.




OPP5: Melatih kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan antarabangsa.

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains biologi terkini yang juga menyumbang kepada pelbagai

disiplin yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam sains biologi dan mampu

mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah. HPP3: Berupaya menggunakan dan menyebar ilmu sains biologi dengan berkesan.

HPP4: Kompeten untuk menjalankan penyelidikan dan pembangunan dalam bidang sains

biologi serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan inovasi tinggi. HPP5: Menghayati nilai-nilai moral, etika, profesionalisme dan prihatin terhadap

persekitaran.

HPP6: Mempunyai kemampuan berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi dengan berkesan.

HPP7: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawan dan kepimpinan yang berkesan. HPP8: Kesanggupan untuk meneroka dan menambah ilmu secara berterusan.


Struktur Program

Doktor Falsafah Setiap pelajar yang mengikuti program ini dikehendaki mendaftar kursus STPD6014

Kaedah Penyelidikan dan juga pendaftaran tesis setiap semester sehingga tamat pengajian.

Pelajar perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan penyelia atau jawatankuasa siswazah tidak kurang daripada 40 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar sepenuh masa dan 20 jam

pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar separuh masa.


209

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (BOTANI)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan botani

yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.


OPP3: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mempunyai kesedaran terhadap persekitaran. OPP4: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang berupaya menyumbang kepada pelbagai

disiplin untuk memacu pembangunan negara dan sejagat.



HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains botani terkini yang juga menyumbang kepada pelbagai

disiplin yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam sains botani dan mampu mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah.

HPP3: Berupaya menggunakan dan menyebar ilmu sains botani dengan berkesan.

HPP4: Kompeten untuk menjalankan penyelidikan dan pembangunan dalam bidang sains botani serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan inovasi tinggi.


persekitaran. HPP6: Mempunyai kemampuan berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi dengan berkesan.

HPP7: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawan dan kepimpinan yang berkesan.

HPP8: Kesanggupan untuk meneroka dan menambah ilmu secara berterusan.


DOKTOR FALSAFAH (GENETIK)



dalam bidang genetik.

OPP2: Menerap ilmu genetik dalam pembangunan kerjaya. OPP3: Menggunakan pengetahuan genetik untuk memimpin dan menyumbang terhadap

kemajuan bidang bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat.

OPP4: Membangunkan keupayaan berfikir secara kreatif dan kritikal untuk

pengembangan ilmu. OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu genetik dalam kerangka ilmu yang

lebih luas.

OPP6: Memantapkan kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan antarabangsa.


210


HPP1: Berupaya menyumbang terhadap pengungkapan konsep-konsep genetik dan bidang berkaitan untuk pembangunan masyarakat dan industri.


menyelesaikan masalah.

HPP3: Berkemahiran tinggi dalam merekabentuk eksperimen, menganalisis, interpretasi, dan integrasi data.

HPP4: Mempunyai kemahiran berkomunikasi secara saintifik dan berkebolehan untuk

berkerja secara berpasukan. HPP5: Berupaya mencari, memperolehi dan menggunakan maklumat kepustakaan sains

serta mempunyai kemahiran untuk pembelajaran berterusan.

HPP6: Mempunyai kesedaran mengenai isu etika dan isu semasa dalam bidang genetik dan bidang sains berkaitan.

HPP7: Berkemampuan mewujudkan kesedaran isu keselamatan produk dan prosedur

yang berisiko terhadap kesihatan awam dan persekitaran

HPP8: Bersedia dan mampu memasyarakatkan ilmu dan kepakaran.

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (ZOOLOGI)



dalam bidang zoologi.

OPP2: Menerap ilmu zoologi dalam pembangunan kerjaya. OPP3: Menggunakan pengetahuan zoologi untuk memimpin dan menyumbang terhadap

kemajuan bidang bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat.

OPP4: Membangunkan keupayaan berfikir secara kreatif dan kritikal untuk

pengembangan ilmu. OPP5: Memantapkan kebolehan mensepadukan ilmu zoologi dalam kerangka ilmu yang

lebih luas.

OPP6: Memantapkan kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan antarabangsa.


HPP1: Berupaya menyumbang terhadap pengungkapan konsep-konsep zoologi, dan


menyelesaikan masalah.

HPP3: Berkemahiran tinggi dalam merekabentuk eksperimen, menganalisis, interpretasi, dan integrasi data.


211

HPP4: Mempunyai kemahiran berkomunikasi secara saintifik dan berkebolehan untuk

berkerja secara berpasukan.

HPP5: Berupaya mencari, memperolehi dan menggunakan maklumat kepustakaan sains serta mempunyai kemahiran untuk pembelajaran berterusan.

HPP6: Mempunyai kesedaran mengenai isu etika dan isu semasa dalam bidang zoologi

dan bidang sains berkaitan.

HPP7: Berkemampuan mewujudkan kesedaran isu keselamatan produk dan prosedur yang berisiko terhadap kesihatan awam dan persekitaran.

HPP8: Bersedia dan mampu memasyarakatkan ilmu dan kepakaran.

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (GEOLOGI)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan geologi yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.






HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains geologi terkini yang juga menyumbang kepada pelbagai

disiplin yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam sains geologi dan mampu

mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah. HPP3: Berupaya menggunakan dan menyebar ilmu sains geologi dengan berkesan.


geologi serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan innovasi tinggi. HPP5: Menghayati nilai-nilai moral, etika, profesionalisme dan prihatin terhadap

persekitaran.

HPP6: Mempunyai kemampuan berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi dengan berkesan. HPP7: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawan dan kepimpinan yang berkesan.




212

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (SAINS LAUT)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan sains laut


OPP2: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang kompeten dalam kemahiran insaniah





HPP1: Menguasai pengetahuan terkini dalam bidang sains laut.

HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang sains laut dengan kemampuan menggunakan kaedah saintifik bagi merekabentuk, mengendalikan kajian,

menganalisis secara statistik, mentafsir data dan menyumbang maklumat baru

dalam ilmu sains laut. HPP3: Berkemampuan mengenalpasti masalah dalam bidang sains laut serta

menyelesaikannya secara kritis, kreatif dan inovatif.


HPP5: Mampu berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis dengan berkesan di kalangan komuniti saintifik dan awam.

HPP6: Berkebolehan mendapat, mengurus dan menggunakan maklumat terkini secara

sistematik dan berkesan. HPP7: Mempunyai dorongan yang tinggi untuk belajar sepanjang hayat.

HPP8: Berkebolehan mengajukan isu dan memahami keperluan etika-etika kebudayaan

dan persekitaran dalam masyarakat. HPP9: Memiliki pengetahuan asas keusahawanan dan pengurusan hasil penyelidikan bagi

tujuan pembangunan dan pengkomersialan demi kepentingan kelestarian

masyarakat dan alam sekitar.

DOKTOR FALSAFAH (SAINS SEKITARAN)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan sains

sekitaran yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.

OPP2: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang kompeten dalam kemahiran insaniah OPP3: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mempunyai kesedaran terhadap persekitaran.

OPP4: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang berupaya menyumbang kepada pelbagai disiplin

untuk memacu pembangunan negara dan sejagat. OPP5: Melatih kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan antarabangsa.


213

HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Menguasai pengetahuan terkini dalam bidang sains sekitaran.

HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang sains laut dengan kemampuan menggunakan kaedah saintifik bagi merekabentuk, mengendalikan kajian,


dalam ilmu sains sekitaran.

HPP3: Berkemampuan mengenalpasti masalah dalam bidang sains sekitaran serta menyelesaikannya secara kritis, kreatif dan inovatif.


HPP5: Mampu berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis dengan berkesan di kalangan komuniti saintifik dan awam.

HPP6: Berkebolehan mendapat, mengurus dan menggunakan maklumat terkini secara

sistematik dan berkesan. HPP7: Mempunyai dorongan yang tinggi untuk belajar sepanjang hayat.


dan persekitaran dalam masyarakat.

HPP9: Memiliki pengetahuan asas keusahawanan dan pengurusan hasil penyelidikan bagi tujuan pembangunan dan pengkomersilan demi kepentingan kelestarian


SARJANA SAINS (BIOLOGI)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan biologi yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.


OPP3: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mempunyai kesedaran terhadap persekitaran.

OPP4: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang berupaya menyumbang kepada pelbagai disiplin untuk memacu pembangunan negara dan sejagat.



HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains biologi terkini yang juga menyumbang kepada pelbagai

disiplin yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam sains biologi dan mampu mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah.

HPP3: Berupaya menggunakan dan menyebar ilmu sains biologi dengan berkesan.

HPP4: Kompeten untuk menjalankan penyelidikan dan pembangunan dalam bidang sains biologi serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan innovasi tinggi.


persekitaran.


214


HPP7: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawan dankepimpinan yang berkesan.

HPP8: Kesanggupan untuk meneroka dan menambah ilmu secara berterusan. HPP9: Mempunyai keyakinan dan jati diri yang tinggi serta bersifat terbuka.

SARJANA SAINS (BOTANI)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan botani yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.






HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains botani terkini yang juga menyumbang kepada pelbagai disiplin yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam sains botani dan mampu

mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah. HPP3: Berupaya menggunakan dan menyebar ilmu sains botani dengan berkesan.


botani serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan innovasi tinggi. HPP5: Menghayati nilai-nilai moral, etika, profesionalisme dan prihatin terhadap

persekitaran.


HPP7: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawan dankepimpinan yang berkesan. HPP8: Kesanggupan untuk meneroka dan menambah ilmu secara berterusan.


SARJANA SAINS (GENETIK)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan genetik yang

mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.

OPP2: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang kompeten dalam kemahiran insaniah. OPP3: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mempunyai kesedaran terhadap persekitaran.




215



HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains genetik terkini yang juga menyumbang kepada pelbagai disiplin yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam sains genetik dan mampu

mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah.

HPP3: Berupaya menggunakan dan menyebar ilmu sains genetik dengan berkesan. HPP4: Kompeten untuk menjalankan penyelidikan dan pembangunan dalam bidang sains

genetik serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan innovasi tinggi.

HPP5: Menghayati nilai-nilai moral, etika, profesionalisme dan prihatin terhadap persekitaran.




SARJANA SAINS (ZOOLOGI)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan zoologi yang

mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini. OPP2: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang kompeten dalam kemahiran insaniah.





HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains zoologi terkini yang juga menyumbang kepada pelbagai

disiplin yang lain. HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam sains zoologi dan mampu


HPP3: Berupaya menggunakan dan menyebar ilmu sains zoologi dengan berkesan. HPP4: Kompeten untuk menjalankan penyelidikan dan pembangunan dalam bidang sains

zoologi serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan innovasi tinggi.



HPP7: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawan dankepimpinan yang berkesan.


216



SARJANA SAINS (GEOLOGI)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan geologi yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.






HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains geologi terkini yang juga menyumbang kepada pelbagai disiplin yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam sains geologi dan mampu


HPP3: Berupaya menggunakan dan menyebar ilmu sains geologi dengan berkesan. HPP4: Kompeten untuk menjalankan penyelidikan dan pembangunan dalam bidang sains

geologi serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan innovasi tinggi.





SARJANA SAINS (SAINS LAUT)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan sains laut

yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini. OPP2: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang kompeten dalam kemahiran insaniah.





217


HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains laut terkini yang juga menyumbang kepada pelbagai disiplin yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam sains laut dan mampu

mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah. HPP3: Berupaya menggunakan dan menyebar ilmu sains laut dengan berkesan.


laut serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan innovasi tinggi.





SARJANA SAINS (SAINS SEKITARAN)


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan sains sekitaran yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.






HPP1: Menguasai ilmu sains sekitaran terkini yang juga menyumbang kepada pelbagai disiplin yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam sains sekitaran dan mampu

mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah. HPP3: Berupaya menggunakan dan menyebar ilmu sains sekitaran dengan berkesan.


sekitaran serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan innovasi tinggi. HPP5: Menghayati nilai-nilai moral, etika, profesionalisme dan prihatin terhadap

persekitaran.





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Sarjana Sains


kursus dan hasil penyelidikan ditulis sebagai sebuah tesis. Keperluan 10 jam kredit kursus

ini terdiri daripada 4 jam kredit kursus wajib Fakulti dan 6 jam kredit kursus pusat pengajian. Pelajar boleh memilih mana-mana kursus peringkat sarjana yang ditawarkan

oleh pusat pengajian. Calon perlu menjadualkan pertemuan dengan Penyelia atau

Jawatankuasa Siswazah tidak kurang daripada 26 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi

pelajar sepenuh masa dan 13 jam pertemuan setiap semester bagi pelajar separuh masa.

Kerja Kursus

Setiap pelajar dikehendaki mendaftar dan lulus 40 jam kredit kursus dalam masa 12 bulan (2 semester). Unit-unit terdiri daripada unit Kursus Wajib dan Kursus Pilihan Modul, yang

nisbahnya ditentukan oleh program berkenaan. Antara yang termasuk ke dalam kursus

wajib ialah STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan (4 jam kredit), Projek Penyelidikan I (4 jam kredit) dan Projek Penyelidikan II (6 jam kredit).



STAP6014 Penerokaan Sumber Alam STAP6033 Biogeografi

STAP6043 Kepelbagaian dan Sistematik Tumbuhan

STAP6064 Sistem Maklumat Geografi dan Penderiaan Jauh

STAP6073 Sistem Pengurusan Persekitaran STAP6092 Etika Persekitaran

STAP6974 Projek Penyelidikan I

STAP6986 Projek Penyelidikan II STAB6013 Biologi Pemuliharaan

STAB6034 Ekologi Populasi dan Komuniti

STAB6054 Etika dan Perundangan Pemuliharaan STAB6084 Ekonomi Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar

STAB6123 Pengurusan Data dan Sumber Taksonomi

STAB6134 Filogeni, Kepelbagaian dan Taksonomi Kriptogram

STAB6143 Botani Ekonomi dan Etnobotani STAB6153 Mikromorfologi dan Anatomi Tumbuhan

STAB6174 Prinsip dan Kaedah Pembinaan Semula Filogeni

STAB6614 Sistematik Serangga STAB6624 Ekologi Serangga

STAB6633 Morfologi dan Anatomi Serangga

STAB6644 Pengurusan Serangga Perosak

STAB6654 Fisiologi Serangga STAB6664 Entomologi Perubatan dan Bandar

STAB6673 Entomologi Molekul


219

STAB6903 Kepelbagaian Sumber Genetik Tumbuhan

STAB6914 Pembiakbakaan Tumbuhan

STAB6924 Bioteknologi Tumbuhan Lanjutan STAE6013 Pengurusan Ekosistem Tasik dan Tanah Bencah

STAE6303 Prosedur dan Teknik Penilaian Impak Alam Sekitar

STAE6323 Penilaian dan Pemantauan Kualiti Air dan Udara

STAG6083 Hidrogeologi STAG6104 Teknik Analisis Dan Penilaian Mineral Industri

STAG6113 Sumber Bumi

STAG6123 Mineral Industri dan Aspek Hiliran dan Sekitaran STAG6134 Geologi Mineral Industri

STAG6143 Ekonomi Mineral Industri

STAG6154 Teknik Penjelajahan Mineral Industri STAG6213 Geologi Kejuruteraan

STAG6224 Kejuruteraan Tanah

STAG6234 Kejuruteraan Batuan

STAG6243 Penyiasatan Geobencana STAG6314 Geofizik Kejuruteraan

STAG6324 Geofizik Sekitaran

STAG6334 Geofizik Instrumentasi dan Lapangan STAG6343 Pemprosesan Data Geofizik

STAG6353 Pentafsiran Data Geofizik

STAG6363 Hidrogeologi dan Proses Pencemaran STAL6013 Ekologi Marin Lanjutan

STAL6023 Marikultur

STAL6033 Mikrobiologi dan Bioteknologi Marin

STAL6034 Kaedah Analisis Data Dalam Sains Marin STAL6043 Pengurusan dan Pemuliharaan Sumber Marin

STAL6103 Kimia Marin Lanjutan

STAL6213 Oseanografi Pesisir Pantai dan Estuari

Kandungan Kursus

STAP6014 Penerokaan Sumber Alam Tujuan kursus ini ialah untuk mencamkan jenis dan taburan sumber alam yang wujud di

bumi. Istilah sumber alam mencakupi sumber biotik (organisma hidup) dan sumber abiotik

(tanah, bukit batu kapur, bahan petroleum, arang, emas dan lain-lain). Kursus ini akan memberi penekanan kepada realiti di mana sumber alam ini akan digunakan oleh manusia

dalam aktiviti harian. Manusia perlu mencari jalan untuk mengimbangi antara eksploitasi

dan pemuliharaan sumber alam supaya tidak berlaku kemusnahan/degradasi

sekitaran/habitat dan juga memikirkan keperluan generasi akan datang.


220

Bacaan Asas Botkin, D.B. & Keller, E.A. 2005. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet. 3

rd

Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Camp, W.G. & Daugherty, T.B. 1995. Managing Our Natural Resources.Edisi

Tietenberg, T. 2006. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. 7th Ed. New York:

Addison-Wesley Longman Inc.

UNDP, UNEP, World Bank & WRI. 2000. World Resources 2001-2002: People and Ecosystems:The Fraying Web of Life. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

STAP6033 Biogeografi Biogeografi ada sains multidisiplin yang berkait rapat dengan biologi, geografi,

paleontologi, geologi, dan ekologi. Biogeografi cuba menjawab soalan asas seperti

mengapa terdapat banyak kehidupan. Mengapa mereka bertaburan seperti sedemikian rupa? Adakah mereka menghuni seperti taburan semasa? Apakah prospek masa hadapan?

Dalam kursus ini, pelajar akan memperolehi pengetahuan mengenai sains biogeografi.

Kursus ini dibahagikan kepada empat bahagian. Bahagian pertama adalah mengenai set ekologi termasuk variasi geografi dalam persekitaran fizikal and had terhadap taburan

spesies. Bahagian kedua mengandungi set sejarah seperti spesiasi, kepupusan, penyebaran,

endemik dan pembinaan semula sejarah biogeografi. Bahagian ketiga mengandungi taburan taksa dalam ruang masa dan bahagian keempat mengandungi biogeografi ekologi

seperti teori 'equilibrium island biogeography', corak pulau dan proses dan pemuliharaan.

Bacaan Asas Avise, JC. 2000. Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Cambridge,

Mass. : Harvard University.

Avise, JC. 2004. Molecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution. Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer Associates.

Cox, CB. & Moore, PD. 2005. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach.

Malden, MA : Blackwell Pub.

Huggett, JH. 2004. Fundamentals of Biogeography. London : Routledge. MacDonald, G. 2003. Biogeography: Space, Time, and Life. New York : John Wiley &

Sons.

STAP6043 Kepelbagaian dan Sistematik Tumbuhan Kursus ini mencakupi pengenalan kepada skop dan kepentingan sistematik tumbuhan

kepada kepelbagaian biologi tumbuhan dengan mengutarakan pengcaman, pengelasan tumbuhan dan untuk memahami amalan tatanama botani. Suatu liputan ringkas sejarah

taksonomi dan juga pengelasan sistematik di era moden akan diberikan. Penekanan akan

diberikan kepada memahami konsep populasi, spesies, genus dan famili dan kategori lain

dalam hierarki taksonomi. Kursus juga memfokuskan ke atas keadaan, jenis dan penggunaan bukti taksonomi dengan memberi perhatian kepada bukti tradisi di samping

bukti molekul yang moden seperti DNA. Kursus akan diakhiri dengan perbincangan ke

atas apa yang dilakukan oleh institusi taksonomi dan apa yang dibuat oleh ahli taksonomi dalam amalan biasa.


221

Bacaan Asas Davis. P. H. & Heywood, V. H. 1973. Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy. Robert E

Krieger Publishing Company Heywood, V.H. 1976. Plant Taxonomy. Studies in Biology. No. 5. 2

nd Ed. Edwards

Arnold.

Jeffrey, C. 1982. An Introduction to Plant taxonomy. 2nd

Ed. Cambridge University Press.

Jeffrey, C. 1973. Biological Nomenclature. Edwards Arnold Publishers. Jones, Jr., S. B. & Luchsinger, A. E. 1979. Plant Systematics. McGraw-Hill Book

Company.

STAP6064 Sistem Maklumat Geografi dan Penderiaan Jauh Kursus ini dibahagikan kepada tiga bahagian iaitu penderiaan jauh, sistem maklumat

geografi (GIS) dan GPS. Pelajar didedahkan kepada teori dan konsep penderiaan jauh, sistem maklumat geografi dan GPS sebagai teknologi dalam pemetaan digital. Kursus ini

juga meliputi pemprosesan data ruang dan bukan ruang serta kedudukan lokasi di dalam

peta ruang. Bacaan Asas Charles Elachi & Jacob van Zyl. 2006. Introducing To The Physics and Techniques of

Remote Sensing. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H. & Collins, J. 2004. Global Positioning System:

Theory And Practice. New York: Springer-Verlag Wien.

Karen Steede-Terry. 2000. Integrating GIS and The Global Positioning System. Redlands: Esri press

Paul A. Longley, Michael F. Goodchild, David J. Maguire & David W. Rhind. 2005.

Geographical Information Systems and Science. 2nd

Ed. Chichester: John Wiley &

Sons Ltd. Sharifah Mastura S.A. 1999. Pengenalan Penderiaan Jauh. Bangi: Jabatan Geografi UKM

STAP6073 Sistem Pengurusan Persekitaran Kursus ini akan membincangkan pendekatan kepada pengurusan alam sekitar dengan

penekanan kepada Sistem Pengurusan Persekitaran (EMS). Unsur-unsur asas EMS seperti

pembentukan dasar persekitaran, penetapan objektif dan sasaran, perlaksanaan program

untuk mencapai objektif, pemantauan dan pengukuran keberkesanan dan penilaian semula sistem untuk memperbaiki pencapaian keseluruhan akan dibincangkan. Pelajar juga akan

diperkenalkan dengan paradigma baru dalam pengurusan persekitaran iaitu Standard

Pengurusan Persekitaran Siri ISO 14000. Perkara yang dibincang meliputi sejarah perkembangan siri piawai ini, perbandingannya dengan sistem pengurusan persekitaran

lain seperti BS 7750 dan EMAS, unsur-unsur penting aspek penilaian organisasi dan

penilaian produk dan proses, proses pensijilan dan perlaksanaannya di Malaysia.

Bacaan Asas Cascio, J., Woodside, G. & Mitchell, P. 1996. ISO 14000 Guide: The New International

Environmental Management Standards. New York: McGraw –Hill.


222

Clements, R.B. 1996. Complete Guide to ISO 14000. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:

Prentice Hall.

Hunt, D. & Johnson, C. 1995. Environmental Management Systems: Principles and Practice. London: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

International Organization for Standardization. 1994. Committee Draft ISO/CD 14000

Environmental Management Systems-general Guidelines on Principle, Systems and

Supporting Techniques. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. Ritchie, I. & Hayes, W. 1998. Guide to Implementation of the ISO 14000 Series on

Environmental Management. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

STAP6092 Etika Persekitaran Kebanyakan masalah persekitaran hari ini dikaitkan dengan permasalahan etika. Sama ada

ianya etika (atau ketiadaannya) yang dijadikan penyebab sesuatu masalah persekitaran, mahupun etika yang dijadikan asas untuk menilai sesuatu situasi atau sikap terhadap

persekitaran. Etika sebagai sebuah bidang ilmu juga digunakan untuk menganalisis

keadaan persekitaran atau polisi yang bersabit persekitaran. Kursus ini mendekati etika

persekitaran sebagai suatu bidang ilmu yang meneliti bagaimana sistem nilai mempengaruhi pengamatan, sikap, penilaian dan buat putusan terhadap persekitaran.

Penekanan kursus adalah terhadap etika persekitaran namun tentunya didahului asas

perbincangan tentang etika itu sendiri.

Bacaan Asas Donald VanDeVeer dan Christine Pierce, pnytg. 1994. The Environmental Ethics and

Policy Book. Wadsworth.

List, Peter. 1993. Radical Environmentalism. Wadsworth.

Sue Hendler. 1995. Planning Ethics. CUPR: Rutgers University, New Brunswick.

Nasr, Seyyed Hossein.1996. Religion and the Order of Nature. Oxford University Press. Rockefeller, S. C. & Elder, J. C. Eds. 1992. Spirit and Nature: Why the Environment is a

Religious Issue. Boston: Beacon.

STAP6974 Projek Penyelidikan I Kursus ini bertujuan melatih pelajar mengkaji satu bidang tertentu dalam mana-mana

bidang persekitaran yang diminati menerusi pembacaan dan kajian sendiri secara terarah. Pelajar dikehendaki menyediakan laporan imbauan tajuk penyelidikan yang dipilih, dan

menyediakan satu cadangan penyelidikan untuk dijalankan dalam kursus STAP6986

Projek Penyelidikan II.

STAP6986 Projek Penyelidikan II Pelajar mendapat pengalaman menjalankan penyelidikan ke atas satu tajuk yang diminati,

di bawah bimbingan seorang pensyarah atau kumpulan penyelia. Penyelidikan dapat dijalankan secara eksperimen atau kerjalapangan. Pelajar dikehendaki menyediakan satu

laporan ilmiah mengenai hasil penyelidikan itu dan mempertahankannya secara lisan.

Penilaian bagi projek penyelidikan bergantung kepada bidang pengkhususan.


223

SARJANA SAINS (BIOLOGI PEMULIHARAAN)

Pengenalan Biologi Pemuliharaan telah muncul sebagai satu cabang sains yang amat penting untuk

mengatasi krisis alam sekitar dengan aktiviti manusia sedang menyebabkan kepupusan

spesies secara besar-besaran dan juga kehilangan ekosistem di seluruh dunia. Program Biologi Pemuliharaan menyajikan kurikulum antara disiplin yang menyepadukan

pemahaman kepelbagaian biologi dengan perkembangan ekonomi dan sosial. Program ini

diajar secara bersama oleh ahli-ahli daripada pelbagai disiplin yang mempunyai minat

yang sama iaitu memulihara alam dan sumber tabiinya. Kaedah pendekatan yang meluas akan membolehkan para siswazah dapat menceburi pelbagai bidang pekerjaan termasuk

perundingan, penyelidikan polisi, perancangan dan pengurusan tanah serta penyelidikan

dan pengajaran. Program ini juga bertujuan untuk menarik minat ahli profesional yang sedang bertugas untuk memperbaharui ataupun mendapatkan kemahiran dalam bidang

biologi pemuliharaan.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon-calon harus memiliki ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains kelas kepujian yang baik dalam

bidang sains hayat. Graduan-graduan dalam bidang-bidang yang lain atau yang tidak mempunyai latar belakang yang mencukupi masih boleh memohon sekiranya mempunyai

pengalaman dalam bidang-bidang yang berkaitan dengan pemuliharaan.


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan biologi pemuliharaan yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.






HPP1: Menguasai pengetahuan asas dalam bidang Biologi Pemuliharaan. HPP2: Berkemampuan mengaplikasi prinsip biologi dan teknik kepada soalan utama

seperti mengapa, apa, di mana dan bagaimana memulihara.


dan inovatif. HPP4: Mampu bekerja secara individu dan berkumpulan dengan berkesan.


saintifik dan masyarakat awam. HPP6: Berkebolehan menggunakan kemahiran statistik dan analitikal untuk mentafsirkan

data bagi tujuan pengurusan dan penyelidikan dalam pemuliharaan.


224

HPP7: Mempunyai dorongan yang tinggi untuk belajar sepanjang hayat.

HPP8: Memahami masalah praktikal dan menggunakan pendekatan terbaik apabila

merancang program pengurusan pemuliharaan dan dalam membuat sebarang keputusan.


tujuan pembangunan, pengkomersilan, kelestarian masyarakat dan alam sekitar.

Struktur Program Program sarjana sains yang ditawarkan ini adalah merupakan satu program secara kerja kursus yang memerlukan 12 bulan (2 semester). Calon perlu melengkapkan sejumlah 40

jam kredit, yang terdiri daripada 25 jam kredit kursus wajib dan 15 jam kredit kursus

pilihan. Calon-calon adalah digalakkan mengembangkan minat masing-masing melalui

projek penyelidikan yang dimulakan dari semester pertama dan akan diselia oleh kakitangn akdemik UKM bersama para pakar dan saintis daripada institusi yang terlibat. Calon

dikehendaki menyerahkan Laporan Projek Penyelidikan di akhir semester kedua untuk

dinilai.


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

STAP6064 Sistem

Maklumat

Geografi dan

Penderiaan Jauh

STAP6974 Projek

Penyelidikan I

STAB6054 Etika dan

Perundangan

Pemuliharaan

STAB6084 Ekonomi Sumber

Asli dan Alam

Sekitar

20

II

STAP6033 Biogeografi

STAP6014 Penerokaan

Sumber Alam STAP6986 Projek

Penyelidikan II

STAB6013 Biologi

Pemuliharaan STAB6034 Ekologi Populasi

dan Komuniti

20

JUMLAH 25 15 40

Kursus Yang Ditawarkan STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan

STAP6014 Penerokaan Sumber Alam STAP6033 Biogeografi




STAB6034 Ekologi Populasi dan Komuniti

STAB6054 Etika dan Perundangan Pemuliharaan STAB6084 Ekonomi Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar


225

Kandungan Kursus

STAB6013 Biologi Pemuliharaan Keadaan bumi pada masa ini berada ditahap yang kritikal kerana ekosistem semulajadi dan ahli-ahlinya terancam oleh aktiviti manusia. Untuk menangani masalah ini, satu disiplin

sains baru telah wujud, iaitu, Biologi Pemuliharaan. Disiplin ini tidak hanya menumpukan

perhatian kepada kemandirian spesies. Malah disiplin ini juga mengambilkira aspek

falsafah moral, keadilan sosial, ekonomi dan politik. Kursus ini dibahagikan kepada beberapa bahagian untuk menonjolkan pendekatan multidisiplin ini, iaitu: asal-usul Biologi

Pemuliharaan; kepelbagaian biologi dan kepentingannya; ancaman terhadap kepelbagaian

biologi; perlindungan, pemulihan dan pengurusan populasi, spesies, habitat dan ekosistem; dan, ekonomi dan pembangunan mapan.

Bacaan Asas Dyke, F.V. 2008. Conservation Biology: Foundations, Concepts, Applications. Boston:

McGraw-Hill.

Groom, M.J., Meffe, G.K. & Carroll, C.R. 2006. Principals of Conservation Biology.

Edisi ke-3. Massachusetts. USA: Sinauer. Meijaard, E., Sheil, D., Nasi, R., Augeri, D., Rosembaum, B., Iskandar, D., Setyawati, T.,

Lammertink, M., Rachmatika, I., Wong, A., Soehartono, T., Stanley, S. & O'Brien, T.

2005. Life After Logging: Reconciling Wildlife Conservation and Production Forestry in Indonesian Borneo. Jakarta: CIFOR & UNESCO.

Primack, R.B. 2006. Essentials of Conservation Biology. 4th Ed. Massachusetts, USA:M

Sinauer.

Sodhi, N.S. & Brook, B.W. 2005. Southeast Asian Biodiversity in Crisis. Cambridge: University Press.

STAB6034 Ekologi Populasi dan Komuniti Populasi dan komuniti adalah dua bidang penting dalam ekologi. Ekologi populasi adalah

bidang kajian populasi haiwan dan tumbuhan, kumpulan organisma yang membiak, dan

ekologi komuniti pula adalah bidang kajian terhadap gabungan populasi yang terdapat di sesuatu kawsan atau habitat. Dalam kursus ini, populasi dianalisa dari segi kelainan,

kepadatan dan kesetabilan, dan persekitaran dan proses-proses lain yang boleh mengesani

ciri-ciri ini. Di antara penentu sesuatu populasi adalah kematian dan kelahiran; taburan

umur dan jantina; corak lakuan persaingan dan bekerjasama; pemangsa-mangsa, parasit-perumah, dan pertalian yang lain dengan spesies yang lain; sumber makanan dan sekitaran;

dan corak migrasi. Seterusnya, komuniti dianalisa berdasarkan ciri-ciri tradisional;

kepelbagaian, dominan, bentuk dan struktur pertumbuhan, struktur tropik, dan kelimpahan relatif; dan dihuraikan sebagai satu sistem kehidupan dengan adanya pembangunan dan

fungsi. Dalam penganalisaan dan penilaian sesuatu populasi dan komuniti, model

matematik dan indek dikirakan menggunakan penentu dan pemboleh-ubah, bagi membuat

jangkaan kesan perubahan mana-mana penentu yang boleh mengesani sesuatu komuniti dan populasi


226

Bacaan Asas Begon, M., Harper, J.L. & Townsend, C.R. 1996. Ecology: Individuals, Populations and

Communities. Edisi ke-3. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Begon, M. & Moritimer, M. 1996. Population Ecology: A Unified Study of Animals and

Plants. Edisi ke-3. Blackwell Science Publications.

Giller, P.S. 1984. Community Structure and The Niche. New York: Chapman and Hall.

Krebs, C.J. 2001. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. Edisi ke-4. Harper and Row.

Stiling, P. 1999. Ecology: Theories and Applications. 3rd Ed. Prentice-Hall Int.

STAB6054 Etika dan Perundangan Pemuliharaan Etika dan perundangan adalah penting di dalam pemuliharaan. Etika menetapkan objektif,

manakala perundangan merupakan asas yang sah dalam pelaksanaan sesuatu usaha pemuliharaan. Kursus ini akan memperkenalkan secara latar, isu-isu asas berkaitan dengan

etika dan perundangan pemuliharaan. Perkara am berkenaan etika, evolusi perundangan

berhubung dengan sumber biologi, habitat dan ekosistem, di peringkat negara dan

antarabangsa akan digariskan. Prinsip-prinsip serta konsep-konsep yang berkait dengan pemuliharaan biologi akan dibincang untuk memperlihatkan nilai (etika) yang terkandung.

Peranan dan fungsi institusi juga akan disingkap untuk menjelaskan tanggungjawab dan

kebertanggungjawaban di dalam sesuatu pelaksanaan undang-undang. Perkaitan sains, etika dan perundangan juga akan dianalisis secara ringkas.

Bacaan Asas Alder, J. & Wilkinson, D. 1999. Environmental Law and Ethics. Macmillan. Press

Ltd.

Dower, N. 1989. Ethics and Environmental Responsibility. Avebury.

LaFollette, H. (ed.). 2000. The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory. Blackwell Publishers. Sands, P. 1995. Principles of International Environmental Law. Manchester:

Manchester Press

Van Heijnsbergen, P. 1997. International Legal Protection of Wild Fauna and Flora. IOS Press.

STAB6084 Ekonomi Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar Kursus ini akan membincangkan kriteria untuk pembangunan ekonomi secara mapan dan peranan yang dimainkan oleh sumber asli dan sekitaran dalam pemuliharaan. Prinsip-

prinsip ekonomi berkenaan penggunaan sumber secara cekap, kegagalan pasaran, analisis

kos-keuntungan dan perakaunan sumber tabii akan diperkenalkan. Jenis data yang diperlukan untuk menjalankan analisis akan diperkenalkan. Peranan penilaian ekonomi

atas fungsi-fungsi kepelbagaian biologi dan penggunaan tanah juga akan dikaji. Contoh-

contoh berkaitan dengan ekonomi sumber asli dan pemuliharaan alam sekitar akan digunakan untuk menolong pelajar memahami isu-isu dengan lebih mendalam.


227

Bacaan Asas Abdul Hamid H. M. I. & Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 2005. Penilaian Sumber dan Harta

Tanah Hutan. J.Bahru: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. McNally, Richard & Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 2003. Environmental Economics: A Practical

Guide. WWFUK

Mohd Shahwahid H.O. & Jamal O. 1999. Economic costs to Malaysia. Dlm. Glover, D.

& Jessup, T. (ed.) hlm. 22-50. Bab 3 of Institute of South East Asian Studies (ISEAS) and Economy & Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) book on

"Indonesia's Fires and Haze: The Cost of Catastrophe".

Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 1999 (editor). Manual on Economic Valuation of Environmental Goods and Services of Peat Swamp Forests. Malaysian-DANCED Project on

Sustainable Managementof Peat Swamp Forests, Peninsular Malaysia.

Mohd Shahwahid H.O., Awang Noor A.G., Abdul Rahim N., Zulkifli Y. & Razani U. 1999. Trade-offs on Competing Uses of a Peninsular Malaysian Forested Catchment.

Environment and Development Economics 4(4):281-314.

SARJANA SAINS (ENTOMOLOGI)

Pengenalan Entomologi adalah satu bidang sains yang mengkhusus kepada pembelajaran dan kajian

terhadap segala aspek berkaitan dengan serangga. Kepentingannya kepada manusia dan alam sejagat amat ketara kerana dunia yang semakin tidak bersempadan dan serba canggih

sekarang, di mana manusia dapat pergi daripada satu negara ke negara lain dengan mudah

yang secara tidak langsung mereka boleh membawa serangga perosak dan serangga bawaan penyakit yang merbahaya bersama-sama mereka. Selain daripada itu kesan

pembangunan fisikal yang secara langsung mengubah ekosistem, lanskap dan habitat

serangga tersebut selalunya menyumbang kepada kemerosotan tahap kepelbagaian

serangga, kehilangan spesies serangga yang sensitif kepada gangguan dan yang terpenting sekali menggalakkan serangga yang mulanya dapat hidup secara harmoni dengan manusia

dan alam sekitarnya kepada tahap yang boleh mengganggu gugat kesejahteraan hidup

manusia. Oleh kerana itu adalah menjadi satu kewajipan kepada Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia memainkan peranan untuk melatih serta menghasilkan graduan di peringkat

Sarjana Sains (Entomologi) yang mempunyai pengetahuan yang mahir dengan

pengetahuan dan permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan serangga.

Program Sarjana Sains (Entomologi) secara kursus dan tesis ini disediakan bagi calon-calon yang ingin melanjutkan pelajaran dalam bidang Sains Kaji Serangga secara sepenuh

masa (setahun) atau separuh masa (dua tahun). Program yang disajikan memberi peluang

pelajar-pelajar menghargai, memahami dan mempelajari segala aspek berkaitan ilmu kaji serangga terutama yang berkaitan dengan peranan dan sumbangan serangga terhadap

bidang sains berkaitan secara umumnya, kestabilan ekosistem, kesejahteraan manusia dan

alam sejagat. Untuk mencapai hasrat ini pelajar-pelajar dikehendaki mengambil kursus wajib (teras) dan kursus pilihan yang kesemuanya berkaitan dengan bidang kaji serangga.

Pelajar-pelajar juga dikehendaki menjalankan kerja-kerja penyelidikan pendek sesuai

dengan had masa setahun pengajian mereka. Adalah diharapkan dengan mengikuti kursus-


228

kursus ini mereka boleh melengkapi diri mereka dalam bidang pengkhususan Sarjana Sains

(Entomologi) di samping menyediakan diri mereka apabila keluar bekerja nanti dan juga

sebagai asas kepada perlanjutan pengajian mereka ke tahap Doktor Falsafah mengkhusus dalam bidang yang sama atau yang berkaitan.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang memohon mengikuti program ini secara kursus mestilah mempunyai:

a) Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sains (Zoologi, Entomologi atau bidang Biologi Umum) dengan

memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) yang baik dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;

b) Kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjana Muda Sains (Zoologi, Entomologi

atau bidang Biologi Umum) dan mempunyai kelayakan lain atau pengalaman dan

bekerja dalam bidang yang relevan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan entomologi





HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Menguasai pengetahuan asas dalam bidang entomologi.

HPP2 : Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang entomologi dengan kemampuan

menggunakan kaedah saintifik bagi merekabentuk, mengendalikan kajian, menganalisis secara stastistik, mentafsir data dan menyumbang maklumat baru

dalam ilmu entomologi.

HPP3 : Berkemampuan mengenalpasti masalah dalam bidang entomologi serta menyelesaikannya secara kritis, kreatif dan inovatif.

HPP4 : Mampu bekerja secara individu dan berkumpulan dengan berkesan.

HPP5 : Mampu berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis dengan berkesan di kalangan

komuniti saintifik dan awam. HPP6 : Berkebolehan mendapat, mengurus dan menggunakan maklumat terkini secara


HPP7 : Mempunyai dorongan yang tinggi untuk belajar sepanjang hayat. HPP8 : Berkebolehan mengajukan isu dan memahami keperluan etika-etika kebudayaan

dan persekitaran dalam masyarakat.

HPP9 : Memiliki pengetahuan asas keusahawanan dan pengurusan hasil penyelidikan bagi

tujuan pembangunan dan pengkomersilan demi kepentingan kelestarian masyarakat dan alam sekitar.


229

Struktur Program Program sarjana sains yang ditawarkan ini adalah merupakan satu program secara kerja

kursus yang memerlukan 12 bulan (2 semester). Calon perlu melengkapkan sejumlah 40 jam kredit, yang terdiri daripada 17 jam kredit kursus wajib dan 23 jam kredit kursus




dinilai.


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan STAP6974 Projek

Penyelidikan I

STAB6614 Sistematik

Serangga

STAB6624 Ekologi Serangga

STAB6633 Morfologi dan

Anatomi

Serangga

19

II

STAB6673 Entomologi

Molekul

STAP6986 Projek

Penyelidikan II

STAB6644 Pengurusan

Serangga

Perosak

STAB6654 Fisiologi

Serangga

STAB6664 Entomologi

Perubatan dan

Bandar

21

JUMLAH 17 23 40


STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan STAP6974 Projek Penyelidikan I

STAP6986 Projek Penyelidikan II

STAB6614 Sistematik Serangga STAB6624 Ekologi Serangga

STAB6633 Morfologi dan Anatomi Serangga

STAB6644 Pengurusan Serangga Perosak

STAB6654 Fisiologi Serangga STAB6664 Entomologi Perubatan dan Bandar

STAB6673 Entomologi Molekul


230

Kandungan Kursus

STAB6614 Sistematik Serangga Kursus ini bermula dengan pengenalan „sistematik‟, sejarah perkembangan dan aktiviti

sistematik termasuk sistematik serangga tempatan. Pelajar akan didedahkan kepada usaha meningkatkan pengetahuan taksonomi seperti mempelajari prinsip-prinsip dalam

sistematik yang melibatkan pengelompokan, pengelasan dan tatanama mengikut Kod

Antarabangsa Tatanama Zoologi (ICZN). Pelajar juga didedahkan dengan bidang-bidang yang berkaitan seperti evolusi, ekologi, etologi, biogeografi dan sebagainya. Dalam

menghayati aktiviti sistematik, tiga aspek utama akan diberikan penekanan iaitu ciri

morfologi, reproduktif dan molekul (DNA). Pengenalan dan penggunaan perisian seperti PAUP untuk membina suatu filogeni turut diaplikasikan. Latihan penulisan manuskrip

taksonomi dan pembinaan filogeni suatu kumpulan serangga terpilih merupakan tugasan

dalam kursus ini.

Bacaan Asas Borror, D.J., Triplehorn, C.A. & Johnson, N.F. 1989. An Introduction to the Study of

Insects. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publ.

Mayr, E. & Ashlock, P.D. 1991. Principles of Systematics Zoology. 2nd

Ed. New York:

McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Romoser, W.S. & Stoffolano, J.G. 1998. The Science of Entomology. Boston: WCB McGraw-Hill.

Swofford, D.L. 1991. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Version 3.1.

Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey. Wiley, E.O.1981. Phylogenetics: The Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics.

New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

STAB6624 Ekologi Serangga Kursus ini membincangkan tabiat dan peranan serangga dalam perspektif ekologi. Aspek-

aspek ekologi serangga yang meliputi pertumbuhan, kemandirian, pembiakan, peranan perumah, faktor biotik dan abiotik, adaptasi, variasi genetik, sistem hidup dan pola taburan

dilihat secara lazim dan juga dalam perspektif gunaan mutakhir. Konsep serangga dalam

ekosistem, kepelbagaian dan struktur trofik, peranan sebagai pengurai, pendebunga, vektor serta dinamik dan kawal-atur populasi serangga juga dibincangkan. Aspek kepelbagaian

dan pemuliharaan juga akan dibincangkan dengan memberi contoh kepada serangga yang

bernilai tinggi dari sudut ekologi, ekonomi, perubatan dan aestetika termasuk spesies-

spesies yang dilindungi.

Bacaan Asas Huffaker, C.L. & Gutierrez, A.P. 1999. Ecological Entomology. 2

nd Ed. New York: John

Wiley & Sons.

Price, P.W. 1997. Insect Ecology. 3rd

ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Showalter, T.D. 2000. Insect Ecology: An Ecosystems Approach. London: Academic

Press. Speight, M.R. & Wylie, F.R. 2001. Insect Pests in Tropical Forestry. London: CABI Publ.


231

Travor Beebee. 2004. An Introduction To Molecular Ecology. Oxford Univ. Press.

STAB6633 Morfologi dan Anatomi Serangga Kursus ini membincangkan bentuk struktur luaran dan dalaman serangga sebagai serangga

(arthropoda dengan tubuh terbahagi kepada 3: kepala, toraks dan abdomen) yang

mempunyai bentuk asas dan apendej serta modifikasi/ adaptasinya yang membolehkan

serangga berfungsi, bermandiri dan beradaptasi sehingga ia merupakan makluk paling berjaya dan pelbagai di muka bumi ini, dalam konteks sebagai asas kefahaman biologi,

ekologi, pengelasan, dan fisiologi serangga. Antara yang dibincangkan termasuklah:

bentuk, dinding (rangka-luar), segmentasi tubuh; struktur dan apendej pada kepala (termasuk mata, antenna, bahagian mulut dan adaptasi cara pemakanan), toraks (termasuk

sayap dan penerbangan, kaki dan pergerakan, spirakel dan pernafasan) dan abdomen

(termasuk spirakel, apendej reproduktif, genitalia dan bukan reproduktif). Didedahkan juga pengetahuan struktur dalaman: rangka-dalam; sistem otot (dan pergerakan); sistem

pemakanan (mengikut jenis pemakanan); sistem peredaran (terbuka dan darah); sistem

penafasan (trakea, teresterial, akuatik, parasitik); sistem perkumuhan; sistem pembiakan

(jantan dan betina) dan perkembangan; sistem saraf (dan organ deria).

Bacaan Asas Norman F. Johnson & Charles A. Triplehorn. 2004. Borror and Delong's Introduction To

The Study of Insects. 7th Ed. New York: Saunders College Publishing.

Chapman, R. F. 1998. The Insects: Structure and Function. 4th Ed. Cambridge: Harvard

University Press. Blum, M. S. 1985. Fundamentals of Insect Physiology. New York: John Wiley and Sons

Inc.

Kerkut, G.A. & Gilbert, L. I. 1985. Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and

Pharmacology. Vol. 1 - 12. Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press,. Roeder, K. D. 1985. Insect Physiology. New Delhi: International Books & Periodicals

Supply Service Publication.

STAB6644 Pengurusan Serangga Perosak Kursus ini akan membincangkan prinsip-prinsip pengurusan serangga perosak secara

bersepadu (PPB). Komponen-komponen penting dalam mempastikan kejayaan PPB seperti

asas biologi, ekologi dan kelakuan serangga perosak, faktor-faktor abiotik dan biotik, jenis kerosakan, tahap kerosakan ekonomi, pemantauan, pensampelan, strategi dan taktik

pengawalan yang lebih mesra alam terutamanya menggunakan agen-agen kawalan biologi

(pemangsa, parasitoid, patogen dan racun mikrobil) akan dibincangkan. Konsep pengurusan secara talian terus dan pembangunan model, melaksana, menganalisis program

PPB dalam suasana sosial (termasuk aspek perundangan pertanian), politik, persekitaran

(termasuk aspek serangga kuarantina) dan faktor ekonomi yang terbatas. Perbincangan juga akan menyentuh perundangan tentang pembikinan, penggunaan dan penjualan racun

perosak serta aspek-aspek kuarantin serangga. Pelajar-pelajar juga akan didedahkan kepada

sumbangan teknik-teknik bioteknologi kepada kemajuan PPB. Di akhir kursus pelajar-

pelajar dikehendaki membangunkan sistem pengurusan secara bersepadu untuk tiga spesies serangga perosak utama yang terkini.


232

Bacaan Asas Croft, B.A. 1990. Arthropod Biological Control Agents and Pesticides. London: John

Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dent, D. 2000. Insect Pest Management. 2nd

Ed. London: CABI Interl.

Marshall, G. & Walters, D. 1994. Molecular Biology in Crop Protection. London: Chapman & Hall.

Olkowski, W., Daar, S. & Olkowski, H. 1993. Common-sense Pest Control. Newtown:

The Taunton Press. Tanada, Y. & Kaya, H.K. 1993. Insect Pathology. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc.

STAB6654 Fisiologi Serangga Kursus ini akan membincangkan pelbagai proses dalaman serangga yang membolehkan serangga bermandiri dan membiak. Proses fisiologi yang asas merangkumi sistem endokrin

dan perkembangan serangga, pencernaan dan nutrisi, perkumuhan dan kesimbangan ion,

sistem peredaran dan imunologi, respirasi, integument dan salin kulit, pembiakan dan perkembangan embrio, sistem eksokrin dan komunikasi serangga. Di samping itu, otot dan

pergerakan, sistem saraf-sensori dan sistem saraf-integrasi serta tenaga metabolisme dan

penerbangan juga akan dibincangkan. Para pelajar juga akan didedahkan kepada pengetahuan dan pendekatan molekul dalam bidang fisiologi serangga termasuk

kerintangan serangga terhadap insektisid kimia dan mikrobial. Di akhir kursus para pelajar

dikehendaki menyediakan satu kertas kerja yang berkaitan dengan bidang fisiologi

serangga.

Bacaan Asas Beckage, N.E. 2008. Insect Imunology. Amsterdam: Boston, Academic Press. Blomquist G. J. & Vogt. R. G. 2003. Insect Pheromone Biochemistry And Molecular

Biology. Amsrerdam: Elsevier Academic Press.

Klowden, M.J. 2007. Physiological Systems in Insects. 2nd

Ed. USA: Academic Press.

Nation, J.L. 2002. Insect Physiology and Biochemistry. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Springer Chapman, R.F. 1998. The Insects Structure and Function. Cambridge UK:

Cambridge University.

STAB6664 Entomologi Perubatan dan Bandar Kursus ini akan membincangkan aspek pengenalan dan pengelasan semua serangga yang

mempunyai kepentingan kesihatan (manusia dan haiwan domestik serta ternakan), penyebab kerosakan struktur bangunan, dan juga serangga perosak makanan, bahan

simpanan dan lain-lain hartabenda. Pelajar-pelajar juga akan didedahkan kepada aspek-

aspek biologi, ekologi dan kelakuan, dan juga pendekatan pengawalan yang terkini (pengurusan secara bersepadu) terutamanya dengan menggunakan kaedah-kaedah atau

startegi yang lebih mesra alam, mudah, murah dan diterima ramai. Di samping itu aspek

perundangan dan dampak kaedah pengawalan dari segi ekonomi dan politik juga akan disentuh. Penumpuan yang lebih akan diberikan kepada serangga-serangga seperti

nyamuk, lalat (termasuk juga Drosphila melanagaster), lipas, anai-anai, kutu, pijat dan

pinjal. Lawatan-lawatan ke Pusat-pusat atau Institut Penyelidikan yang berkaitan akan


233

dibuat bagi memberi peluang pelajar mengaitkan apa yang dipelajari dengan apa yang

sedang dan akan dilakukan terhadap beberapa serangga berkepentingan kesihatan

(perubatan) dan perosak struktur bangunan dan barangan di tempat kediaman/simpanan. Di akhir kursus setiap pelajar dikehendaki menyediakan satu kertas kerja (pilihan bebas)

berkaitan dengan mana-mana serangga yang dibincangkan di dalam kursus ini.

Bacaan Asas Eldridge, B.F. & Edman, J.D. 2000. Medical Entomology: A Rextbook on Public Health

and Veterinary Poblems Caused by Arthropods. Iowa: Kluwer Academic Publication.

Mike, W. 2000. Medical Entomology for Students Service. 2nd

Ed. London: Cambridge University Press.

Maramorosch, K. & Mahmood, F. 1999. Maintenance of Human, Animal and Plant

Pathogen Vectors. New York: Science Publishers Inc. Olkowski, W., Daar, S. & Olkowski, H. 1993. Common-sense Pest Control. Newtown:

The Taunton Press.

Walter, E. 1975. Urban Entomology. Los Angeles: University of California Publ.

STAB6673 Entomologi Molekul Kursus entomologi molekul akan memberi peluang kepada pelajar untuk bersama-sama

mengikut pola semasa iaitu memahami dan menggunakan alatan yang diguna dalam biologi molekul bagi lebih memahami serangga. Pelajar-pelajar juga akan didedahkan

kepada teknik-teknik memanipulasi serangga pembawa penyakit kepada manusia dan

tanaman dan juga menambaik program pengurusan bersepadu serangga perosak. Oleh kerana itu kursus ini akan dimulakan dengan memperkenalkan kepada pelajar mengenai

pengetahuan asas biologi molekul serangga dan juga haiwan eukariotik lain dan

kemudiannya mendedahkan mereka kepada bagaimana hendak mempergunakan teknik-

teknik molekul dan bioteknologi dalam membincangkan tajuk-tajuk entomologi termasuklah genetik molekul kelakuan serangga, sistematik dan evolusi, memasukan gene

insektisid ke dalam pokok, serangga transgenic, menambahbaik daya jangkit agen kawalan

biologi dan juga mekanisme kerintangan racun oleh serangga perosak. Proses analisa molekul yang khusus untuk serangga dan berpotensi untuk kejuruteraan genetik serangga

juga akan dibincangkan. Kursus ini akan sepenuhnya dijalan secara kuliah dan

perbincangan namun pelajar akan diberi peluang melawat makmal biologi molekul supaya

boleh berinteraksi dengan pelajar-pelajar yang sedang menjalankan penyelidikan dalam bidang biologi molekul dan melihat sendiri bagaimana mereka mengunakan alat-alat

tersebut.

Bacaan Asas

Hill, D.M. & Mable, B.K. 1996. Molecular Systematics. 2nd

Ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc.

Sunderland, MT, USA. Hoy, M.A. 2003. Insect Molecular Genetics: An Introduction to Principles and

Applications. Edisi ke-2. New York: Academic Press.

Marshall, G. & D. Walters. 1994. Molecular Biology in Crop Protection. London: Chapman & Hall.


234

Romoser, W.S. & Stoffolano, J.G. 1998. The Science of Entomology. Boston: WCB

McGraw-Hill.

Wiley, E.O. 1991. Phylogenetics: The Theory & Practices of Phylogentic Systematics. John Wiley & Sons Inc., N.Y.

SARJANA SAINS (PENGURUSAN SUMBER GENETIK TUMBUHAN) Pengenalan Program Pengurusan Sumber Genetik Tumbuhan menawarkan kurikulum secara multi-disiplin dengan tujuan melahirkan graduan yang mempunyai kepakaran teori yang

mendalam dan kemahiran praktikal yang diperlukan untuk mengurus sumber genetik

tumbuhan secara lestari. Program ini diajar oleh ahli-ahli daripada fakulti, dan disokong oleh kerjasama dan input daripada Bioversity International dan institusi

penyelidikan negara penting seperti FRIM, MPOB, MARDI and MRB. Kaedah ini

memberikan para graduan peluang untuk menceburi pelbagai bidang pekerjaan berkaitan

pengurusan sumber genetik tumbuhan dalam pertanian, perhutanan, bioteknologi serta aktiviti-aktiviti hilirannya. Program ini juga bertujuan untuk menarik minat ahli-ahli

profesional yang sedang bertugas untuk menambah ilmu saintifik bagi tujuan penyelidikan

dan pengajaran.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon-calon berkelayakan perlu mempunyai Ijazah Sarjanamuda dalam Sains Biologi (atau

yang setara dengannya dalam biologi, genetik, biakbaka tumbuhan, hortikultur, agronomi

atau pertanian). Calon berkelayakan daripada bidang lain yang berkaitan juga boleh

dipertimbangkan.


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan pengurusan

sumber genetik tumbuhan yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.




HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP) HPP1: Menguasai pengetahuan asas dalam sumber genetik tumbuhan, pemuliharaan,

penggunaan dan pengurusannya, dan bidang-bidang yang berkaitan.

HPP2: Berkemampuan mengaplikasi kepakaran teori dan strategi untuk sumber genetik tumbuhan daripada pemuliharaan hingga penggunaannya.


235

HPP3: Berkemampuan mengenalpasti masalah dalam pengurusan sumber genetik

tumbuhan dan menyelesaikannya secara berkesan.

HPP4: Mampu menjalankan kerja berkaitan sumber genetik tumbuhan secara individu dan berkumpulan dengan berkesan.

HPP5: Mampu berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis dengan berkesan di kalangan

komuniti saintifik dan awam dalam menangani isu-isu setempat dan sejagat yang

ada kaitan dengan sumber genetik tumbuhan. HPP6: Berketerampilan dalam menggunakan sumber rujukan terkini dan kaedah

penyelidikan yang sesuai, dan menyumbang maklumat baru kepada pengurusan

sumber genetik tumbuhan. HPP7: Berkemampuan memahami secara mendalam pelbagai sumber genetik tumbuhan,

kepelbagian, kepentingan, impak dan penggunaanya.

HPP8: Memahami masalah dan menggunakan pendekatan terbaik dalam pengurusan sumber genetik tumbuhan.

HPP9: Memiliki pengetahuan dan kemahiran keusahawanan dan pengurusan bagi tujuan

membangun dan mengkomersilkan hasil penyelidikan.






dinilai.


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

STAP6073 Sistem

Pengurusan

Persekitaran

STAP6043 Kepelbagaian

dan Sistematik

Tumbuhan

STAP6974 Projek

Penyelidikan I

STAB6903 Kepelbagaian

Sumber Genetik

Tumbuhan

STAB6924 Bioteknologi

Tumbuhan

Lanjutan

21

II


STAP6986 Projek

Penyelidikan II

STAB6914 Pembiakbakaan Tumbuhan

STAB6143 Botani Ekonomi

dan Etnobotani

STAB6013 Biologi

Pemuliharaan

19

JUMLAH 23 17 40


236



STAP6033 Biogeografi STAP6043 Kepelbagaian dan Sistematik Tumbuhan

STAP6073 Sistem Pengurusan Persekitaran



STAB6143 Botani Ekonomi dan Etnobotani

STAB6903 Kepelbagaian Sumber Genetik Tumbuhan STAB6914 Pembiakbakaan Tumbuhan

STAB6924 Bioteknologi Tumbuhan Lanjutan

Kandungan Kursus STAB6013 Biologi Pemuliharaan Keadaan bumi pada masa ini berada ditahap yang kritikal kerana ekosistem semulajadi dan

ahli-ahlinya terancam oleh aktiviti manusia. Untuk menangani masalah ini, satu disiplin

sains baru telah wujud, iaitu, Biologi Pemuliharaan. Disiplin ini tidak hanya menumpukan perhatian kepada kemandirian spesies. Malah disiplin ini juga mengambilkira aspek

falsafah moral, keadilan sosial, ekonomi dan politik. Kursus ini dibahagikan kepada

beberapa bahagian untuk menonjolkan pendekatan multidisiplin ini, iaitu: asal-usul Biologi Pemuliharaan; kepelbagaian biologi dan kepentingannya; ancaman terhadap kepelbagaian

biologi; perlindungan, pemulihan dan pengurusan populasi, spesies, habitat dan ekosistem;

dan, ekonomi dan pembangunan mapan.


McGraw-Hill. Groom, M.J., Meffe, G.K. & Carroll, C.R. 2006. Principals of Conservation Biology. 3

rd

Ed. Massachusetts. USA: Sinauer.

Meijaard, E., Sheil, D., Nasi, R., Augeri, D., Rosembaum, B., Iskandar, D., Setyawati, T., Lammertink, M., Rachmatika, I., Wong, A., Soehartono, T., Stanley, S. & O'Brien, T.

2005. Life After Logging: Reconciling Wildlife Conservation and Production

Forestry in Indonesian Borneo. Jakarta: CIFOR & UNESCO.


Sinauer.

Sodhi, N.S. & Brook, B.W. 2005. Southeast Asian Biodiversity in Crisis. Cambridge:

University Press.

STAB6143 Botani Ekonomi dan Etnobotani Kursus ini memfokus dan membincangkan aspek-aspek botani tumbuhan yang berkepentingan ekonomi dan etnobotani kepada manusia termasuk peranan tumbuhan di


237

dalam kedudayaan dan tamadun manusia. Ia juga akan mencakupi beberapa kumpulan

komoditi tumbuhan utama seperti tanaman makanan (padi, sumber karbohidrat lain),

tumbuhan ubat-ubatan dan juga tumbuhan landskap desa dan bandar. Sejarah penggunaan tumbuhan di kalangan penduduk Asia Tenggara akan digariskan dalam aspek biologi, alam

sekitar, sosio-ekonomi, kebudayaan dan peranan tumbuhan di dalam pengunaan moden

seperti tanaman ladang dan bioteknologi pertanian.


238

Bacaan Asas

Ford, R. 1980. The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany. New York : University of Michigan.

Martin, J. G. 1994. Ethnobotany. London: Chapman & Hall. Mat-Salleh, K. & A. Latiff. 2002. Tumbuhan Ubatan Malaysia. Bangi : Pusat Pengurusan

Penyelidikan. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Purseglove, J. W. 1972. Tropical Crops: Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons. Harlow :

Longmans. Zakri, A. H. 1989. Genetic Resources of Under-Utilised Plants in Malaysia. Kuala

Lumpur: Malaysian National Committee for Plant Genetic Resources.

STAB6903 Kepelbagaian Sumber Genetik Tumbuhan Kursus ini akan membincangkan aspek-aspek berkaitan kepelbagaian sumber genetik

tumbuhan, dan memberi penekanan kepada spesies tumbuhan yang penting, termasuk spesies hutan, yang diguna untuk tujuan makanan dan pertanian, bahan mentah industri

dan ubat-ubatan. Kepelbagaian sumber genetik bagi tanaman utama, minor, dan yang

kurang dieksploitasi akan dibincangkan. Aspek penting termasuk prinsip am mengenai

kepelbagaian dan evolusi, asal-usul dan pusat kepelbagaian, takung gen, sistem pembiakan, nilai kepelbagaian tumbuhan, dan penggunaannya dalam pembiakbakaan

varieti moden. Kursus ini juga merangkumi pelbagai kemajuan dalam teknologi penanda

molekul dan hubungkaitnya dengan sumber genetik tumbuhan, termasuk lawatan lapangan.

Bacaan Asas

FAO. 1996. The State of the World's Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. Background documentation for the International Technical Conference on Plant

Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany. Available online as a pdf file.

Guarino, L, Ramanatha Rao, V. & Reid, R. (Eds). 1995. Collecting Plant Genetic

Diversity. U.K: CAB International, Hoelzel, A. R. (Ed). 1998. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Populations. A Practical

Approach. 2nd

Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Holden, J. H. W., Peacock, J. & Williams, J. T. 1993. Gene, Crops and the Environments. Cambridge: University Press.

Smart, J. & Simmonds, N. W. 1994. Evolution of Crop Plants. London: 2nd

Ed. Longman.

STAB6914 Pembiakbakaan Tumbuhan Kursus ini akan membincangkan tentang pembiakbakaan tumbuhan, dan memberi

penekanan kepada semua prinsip genetik dan kaedah yang penting dalam pembiakbakaan

tanaman termasuk sistem pembiakan, pewarisan gen, penghibridan dan pemilihan, kerintangan terhadap penyakit dan perosak, saling tindak genotip x persekitaran,

manipulasi gen dan kejuruteraan genetik. Tajuk-tajuk berkaitan pembiakbakaan spesies

hutan termasuk strategi pembiakbakaan pokok, kaedah pemilihan dan pengeluaran bijibenih. Kursus ini juga meliputi genetik populasi dan kuantitatif yang mempunyai

kaitan dengan pembiakbakaan tumbuhan, termasuk lawatan lapangan.


239

Bacaan Asas

Chahal, G. S. & Gosal, S. S. 2002. Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding:

Biotechnological and Conventional Approaches. CRC Press & Narosa Publishing House.

Falconer, D. S. & MacKay, T. F. C. 1997. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. London:

Longman Group Ltd.

Poehlman, J. M. & Sleper, D. A. 1996. Breeding Field Crops. 4th Ed. Ames: Iowa State

University Press.

Simmonds, N. M. 1979. Principles of Crop Improvement. London: Longman.

Zobel, B. & Talbert, J. 1984. Applied Forest Tree Improvement. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

STAB6924 Bioteknologi Tumbuhan Lanjutan Kursus memberi pengenalan dan kaedah bioteknologi lanjutan yang penting dan melihat

bagaimana kaedah bioteknologi baru boleh menyumbang dan digunakan bagi pembaikan

tanaman atau dalam program pembiakbakaan pokok. Kaedah bioteknologi termasuk aspek

genomik, bioinformatik dan manipulasi genetik merangkumi pemetaan genom tumbuhan dengan penanda molekul, pengklonan berasaskan peta, penjujukan genom, analisis

jujukan, vektor untuk pengklonan, kaedah transformasi dan analisis tumbuhan transgenik.

Kelas amali yang disaji adalah analisis rangkaian, analisis jujukan dan kaedah transformasi yang diguna dalam pembaikan tanaman dan pokok. Amali/demonstrasi/lawatan adalah

termasuk.

Bacaan Asas

Baxevanis A.D. & Ouellette, B.F.F.2001. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the

Analysis of Genes and Proteins. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Lewin, B. 2000. Genes VII. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. Liu, B. 2000. Statistical Genomics: Linkage, Mapping and QTL Analysis. N.W.: Corporate

Blvd.

SARJANA SAINS (SISTEMATIK TUMBUHAN)

Pengenalan Sebagai disiplin biologi yang paling asas dan penting, bidang sistematik tumbuhan adalah

komponen yang sangat penting dalam menyokong kajian kepelbagaian biologi sesuatu kawasan. Minat terhadap bidang taksonomi tumbuhan dan ekologi di rantau Asia semakin

meningkat kerana ia sesuai dengan usaha-usaha memajukan bidang pertanian, makanan,

perhutanan, farmaseutikal dan juga usaha-usaha untuk melestarikan pembangunan alam sekitar. Program ini diharapkan akan membantu menghasilkan siswazah terlatih yang

mempunyai pengetahuan dan kemahiran yang kukuh dalam bidang taksonomi dan

sistematik.

Pelajar yang mengikuti kursus ini akan didedahkan kepada asas-asas penting dan kaedah terkini di dalam sistematik tumbuhan. Ini diperkemaskan lagi dengan penyelidikan


240

yang akan dijalankan bagi mendedahkan mereka kepada kaedah-kaedah yang dipelajari di

dalam kuliah. Universiti mempunyai berbagai kepakaran di dalam sistematik tumbuhan

dan kekuatan penyelidikan serta kakitangan para taksonomi yang berpengalaman. Universiti juga mempunyai sumber dan pusat-pusat penyelidikan yang sangat baik untuk

menyokong program ini. Herbarium Mohd. Kassim Rajab (UKMB) yang diasaskan pada

tahun 1970 mempunyai lebih 50,000 spesimen dari seluruh Malaysia dengan rujukan

taksonomi yang lengkap dan pengkalan data koleksi, pemuliharaan, kegunaan dan pengurusan data tumbuhan Malaysia yang terkini. Koleksi herbarium disokong dengan

koleksi hidup pteridofit di Taman Paku Pakis dan 81 ha Hutan Simpan Kekal UKM Bangi

di kawasan berdekatan yang senang dilawati oleh pelajar. Universiti juga mempunyai stesen Kajian Bukit Fraser untuk kajian dan pembelajaran ekosistem tanah tinggi.

Kemudahan asas yang lain seperti rumah kaca, plot eksperimen, mikroskopi elektron juga

disediakan.

Syarat Kemasukan Untuk mengikuti program ini setiap calon mestilah memenuhi syarat-syarat yang berikut:

a) Mempunyai Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan kepujian yang baik dalam bidang biologi,

sains hayat, perhutanan, atau bidang yang berkaitan atau kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengannya yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

b) Kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan ijazah Sarjanamuda dalam bidang selain daripada

biologi, sains hayat, perhutanan dan mempunyai kelayakan lain atau pengalaman

berkaitan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat. OBJEKTIF PENDIDIKAN PROGRAM (OPP)

OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan sistematik tumbuhan yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.




OPP5: Melatih kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan antarabangsa. HASIL PEMBELAJARAN PROGRAM (HPP)

HPP1: Berkebolehan menyatakan, menafsirkan, dan memberikan contoh-contoh komponen dalam taksonomi; penerangan, pengecaman, penamaan dan pengelasan.

HPP2: Berkebolehan menerangkan sesuatu tumbuhan berdasarkan ciri- ciri morfologi,

anatomi, embriologi, palinologi, molekul dan pembiakan tumbuhan berkenaan HPP3: Berkebolehan melakar kladogram tentang pertalian utama tumbuhan, yang

menunjukkan pengelasan, peristiwa evolusi, dan signifikasi penyesuaian terhadap

perubahan evolusi. HPP4: Berkebolehan menamakan, mengelaskan, dan mengenalpasti beberapa famili

utama tumbuhan bervaskular.


241

HPP5: Berkebolehan mengumpul (termasuk merekodkan data lapangan dengan betul),

mengenalpasti dan memproses tumbuhan untuk specimen herbarium.

HPP6: Berkebolehan menyatakan prinsip dan peraturan bagi penamaan tumbuhan, termasuk bagaimana untuk menerbitkan nama takson baru, dan bagaimana untuk

menggunakan dan mengaplikasikan nama botani.

HPP7: Berkebolehan menyatakan asas kepada teori dan metodologi terhadap filogenetik,

sistematik dan bagaimana ia diaplikasikan dalam kajian. HPP8: Berkebolehan merekabentuk dan menjalankan projek dalam kajian sistematik

tumbuhan.

HPP9: Berkebolehan menggunakan sumber rujukan utama dalam sistematik tumbuhan, termasuk soal selidik latar belakang.


kursus yang memerlukan 12 bulan (2 semester). Calon perlu melengkapkan sejumlah 40

jam kredit, yang terdiri daripada 20 jam kredit kursus wajib dan 20 jam kredit kursus pilihan. Calon-calon adalah digalakkan mengembangkan minat masing-masing melalui

projek penyelidikan yang dimulakan dari semester pertama dan akan diselia oleh kakitangn

akdemik UKM bersama para pakar dan saintis daripada institusi yang terlibat. Calon dikehendaki menyerahkan Laporan Projek Penyelidikan di akhir semester kedua untuk

dinilai.


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

STAP6043 Kepelbagaian

dan Sistematik

Tumbuhan

STAP6974 Projek

Penyelidikan I

STAB6174 Prinsip dan

Kaedah Pembinaan

Semula Filogeni

STAB6123 Pengurusan Data

dan Sumber

Taksonomi

STAB6153 Mikromorfologi

dan Anatomi

Tumbuhan

21

II

STAB6143 Botani

Ekonomi Dan

Etnobotani



STAB6134 Filogeni,

Kepelbagaian dan

Taksonomi

Kriptogram STAB6013 Biologi

Pemuliharaan

19

JUMLAH 20 20 40




STAP6043 Kepelbagaian dan Sistematik Tumbuhan


242


STAP6986 Projek Penyelidikan II STAB6013 Biologi Pemuliharaan STAB6123 Pengurusan Data dan Sumber Taksonomi STAB6134 Filogeni, Kepelbagaian dan Taksonomi Kriptogam

STAB6143 Botani Ekonomi dan Etnobotani

STAB6153 Mikromorfologi dan Anatomi Tumbuhan STAB6174 Prinsip dan Kaedah Pembinaan Semula Filogeni

Kandungan Kursus STAB6013 Biologi Pemuliharaan Keadaan bumi pada masa ini berada ditahap yang kritikal kerana ekosistem semulajadi dan

ahli-ahlinya terancam oleh aktiviti manusia. Untuk menangani masalah ini, satu disiplin

sains baru telah wujud, iaitu, Biologi Pemuliharaan. Disiplin ini tidak hanya menumpukan perhatian kepada kemandirian spesies. Malah disiplin ini juga mengambilkira aspek

falsafah moral, keadilan sosial, ekonomi dan politik. Kursus ini dibahagikan kepada

beberapa bahagian untuk menonjolkan pendekatan multidisiplin ini, iaitu: asal-usul Biologi

Pemuliharaan; kepelbagaian biologi dan kepentingannya; ancaman terhadap kepelbagaian biologi; perlindungan, pemulihan dan pengurusan populasi, spesies, habitat dan ekosistem;

dan, ekonomi dan pembangunan mapan.


McGraw-Hill. Groom, M.J., Meffe, G.K. & Carroll, C.R. 2006. Principals of Conservation Biology. 3

rd

Ed. Massachusetts. USA: Sinauer.

Meijaard, E., Sheil, D., Nasi, R., Augeri, D., Rosembaum, B., Iskandar, D., Setyawati, T.,

Lammertink, M., Rachmatika, I., Wong, A., Soehartono, T., Stanley, S. & O'Brien, T. 2005. Life After Logging: Reconciling Wildlife Conservation and Production



Sinauer.

Sodhi, N.S. & Brook, B.W. 2005. Southeast Asian Biodiversity in Crisis. Cambridge:

University Press.

STAB6123 Pengurusan Data dan Sumber Taksonomi Kursus ini memperkenalkan pelajar kepada kaedah terkini di dalam pengurusan data

taksonomi dan sumber. Ia meliputi sistem maklumat dan dokumentasi yang merupakan

aspek penting di dalam pengurusan maklumat kepelbagaian biologi. Pelajar diperkenalkan kepada konsep dan asas pengkalan data, sistem maklumat, pengumpulan dan penyuntingan

data. Pelajar juga didedahkan kepada pelbagai perisian computer (Microsoft, GIS, dll.) dan

berupaya merekabentuk sistem pengurusan pengkalan data.


243

Bacaan Asas Brooks, H.P.C., Philips, G.J. & Michael, L.J. 1982. Information System Design. London:

Prentice-Hall Oxborrow, E. 1989. Databases and Database Systems. New York: Chartwell-Bratt.

Wiederhold, G. 1983. Database Design. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company.

Longley, P.A., Goodchild, M.F., Maguire, D.J. & Rhind, D. W. 2005. Geographic

Information Systems and Science. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons. Mitchell, A. 2005. GIS Analysis.New York: ESRI Press.

STAB6134 Filogeni, Kepelbagaian dan Taksonomi Kriptogram Kursus ini akan memberikan pendedahan terperinci kepada aspek-aspek taksonomi,

ekologi, fitogeografi, biologi pembiakan, kepelbagaian, pengelasan dan filogeni tumbuhan

peringkat rendah atau kriptogram. Ia akan mencakupi tiga kumpulan tumbuhan kriptogram yang utama iaitu algae, briofit dan pteridofit. Amali mengenai teknik mengumpul,

mengkod, irisan dan penyediaan slaid dan kaedah pengecaman juga akan diberikan kepada

ketiga-tiga kumpulan tersebut.

Bacaan Asas Bates, J.W. & Farmer, A.M. (eds.). 1992. Bryophytes and Lichens in A Changing

Environment. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Bidin, A.A. 1985. Paku Pakis Di sekeliling Kita. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan

Pustaka.

Schuster, R.M. (ed.). 1984. New Manual of Bryology. Nichinan: Hattori Botanical Laboratory.

Shaw, J.A. & Goffinet, B. 2000. Bryophyte Biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press.

Sze, P. 1986. The Biology of Algae. Iowa: Wm. C. Brown.

STAB6153 Mikromorfologi dan Anatomi Tumbuhan Kursus ini membincangkan kepelbagaian dan ciri-ciri mikromorfologi dan anatomi daun termasuk polen tumbuhan. Ciri anatomi daun dan mikromorfologi daun dan kesesuaian

ciri-ciri itu sebagai bukti tambahan dalam kajian sistematik tumbuhan diperbincangkan.

Contoh-contoh akan diberi daripada spesies tempatan dan beberapa spesies luar. Ciri-ciri

morfologi polen yang digunakan untuk pengecaman spesies juga akan dibincangkan termasuk jenis, kelas dan hiasan apertur. Mini projek berkaitan diberikan kepada pelajar

untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan pendedahan kepada aplikasi pengetahuan yang

diperolehi.

Bacaan Asas Cutler, D.F., Botha, T. & Stevenson, D.W. 2008. Applied Plant Anatomy, An Applied

Approach. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford, UK.

Judd, W., Campbell, C., Kellog, E. A., Stevens, P. F. & Donoghue, M. J. 2002. Plant

Systematics; A Phylogenetic Approach. 2nd

ed. Sinaeur Associates, Inc. Publisher,

Sunderland, Masschusetts, United State of America.


244

Metcalfe, C. R. & Chalk, L. 1950. Anatomy of The Dicotyledons. Vol I & II. Oxford:

Clarendon Press.

Nilsson, S. & J. Praglowski (eds.). 1992. Erdtman's Handbook of Palynology. 2nd

ed. Copenhagen: Munksgaad

STAB6174 Prinsip dan Kaedah Pembinaan Semula Filogeni Kursus ini membincangkan kegunaan data molekul dalam sistematik tumbuhan/haiwan. Kepelbagaian data molekul dan penjajaran data molekul turut diperjelaskan. Konsep

filogenetik diperbincangkan melalui applikasi pelbagai kaedah pembinaan semula filogeni,

iaitu Neighbour-Joining, Parsimoni Maksimum dan Likelihood Maksimum. Pelajar akan didedahkan kepada penggunaan perisian komputer seperti BIOEDIT dan PAUP dalam

analisis filogenetik.

Bacaan Asas DeSalle, R., Giribet, G. & Wheeler, W. 2002. Molecular Systematics and Evolution:

Theory and Practice. Birkhäuser, Basel.

Higgs, P. & Attwood, T.K. 2005. Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution. Blackwell Publishing.

Kitching, I.J., Forey, P.L., Humphries, C.J. & Williams, D.M. 1998. Cladistics - The

Theory And Practice of Parsimony Analysis. 2nd

ed. Oxford-New York-Tokyo: Oxford University Press.

Nei, M. & Kumar, S. 2000. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford University

Press. Yang, Z. 2006. Computational Molecular Evolution. Oxford University Press.

Simpson, M. G. 2006. Plant Systematics. London: Elsevier Academic Press.

SARJANA SAINS (GEOFIZIK KEJURUTERAAN DAN PERSEKITARAN)

Pengenalan Perkembangan dalam teknologi ujian „in situ‟, sejak dua dekad yang lalu, amatlah pesat

sekali terutama dalam sektor kejuruteraan awam dan sekitaran. Pelbagai teknik ujian dan pencirian bahan telah diperkenalkan termasuklah teknik geofizik kejuruteraan dan

sekitaran. Keberkesanan, kejituan, kecepatan dan kos operasi yang relatif rendah,

menjadikan teknik geofizik sangat penting dijalankan dalam sesuatu penyiasatan tapak dan

kerja-kerja pemantauan alam sekitar. Terdapat pelbagai kaedah geofizik yang boleh digunakan untuk mendapatkan parameter kejuruteraan bahan di bawah permukaan bumi

dan bidang ini memerlukan ahli geofizik yang bukan sahaja mahir tetapi cukup

berpengalaman untuk mentafsir data geofizik yang diukur langsung daripada lapangan. Program ini adalah bertujuan untuk mendedahkan pelajar kepada satu latihan

kemahiran dalam pelbagai aspek bidang geofizik kejuruteraan dan sekitaran iaitu daripada

perolehan, pemprosesan dan pentafsiran data serta pemahaman konsep asas kepada pemakaian teknik-teknik geofizik terkini. Teras utama kursus ini adalah untuk menampung


245

keperluan tenaga mahir geofizik dalam industri kejuruteraan awam dan sekitaran. Kursus

ini diadun sedemikian rupa untuk membolehkan pelajar memperolehi kemahiran dan

kepakaran yang diinginkan oleh pihak kerajaan dan swasta.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang memohon masuk program ini mestilah:-

a) Lulus Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) yang baik dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti

lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

b) Kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjanamuda dan mempunyai kelayakan lain

atau pengalaman dan bekerja dalam bidang yang relevan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan geofizik

kejuruteraan dan sekitaran yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini.

OPP2: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang kompeten dalam kemahiran insaniah OPP3: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mempunyai kesedaran terhadap persekitaran.


untuk memacu pembangunan negara dan sejagat. OPP5: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang berupaya memartabatkan Bahasa Melayu dalam

menyumbang kepada pelbagai disiplin untuk memacu pembangunan negara dan

sejagat


HPP1: Menguasai ilmu geofizik kejuruteraan dan sekitaran terkini yang juga boleh menyumbang kepada pelbagai disiplin yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai pemahaman yang mendalam dalam ilmu geofizik kejuruteraan dan

sekitaran dan mampu mengenalpasti dan menyelesaikan masalah. HPP3: Berupaya mengguna dan menyebar ilmu geofizik kejuruteraan dan sekitaran

dengan berkesan.

HPP4: Kompeten untuk menjalankan penyelidikan & pembangunan dalam bidang

geofizik kejuruteraan dan sekitaran serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan inovasi yang tinggi.


persekitaran. HPP6: Mempunyai kemampuan berkerja dan berkomunikasi dengan berkesan.

HPP7: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawanan dan kepimpinan yang berkesan.

HPP8: Kesanggupan untuk meneroka dan menambah ilmu secara berterusan HPP9: Mempunyai keyakinan dan jati diri yang tinggi serta bersifat terbuka.


246






dinilai.


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

STAP6073 Sistem

Pengurusan

Persekitaran

STAP6974 Projek

Penyelidikan I

STAG6314 Geofizik

Kejuruteraan

STAG6324 Geofizik

Persekitaran

STAG6334 Geofizik

Instrumentasi &

Lapangan

23

II

STAP6092 Etika Persekitaran

STAP6986 Projek

Penyelidikan II

STAG6343 Pemprosesan Data Geofizik

STAG6353 Pentafsiran Data

Geofizik

STAG6363 Hidrogeologi dan

Proses

Pencemaran

17

JUMLAH 19 21 40



STAP6073 Sistem Pengurusan Persekitaran STAP6974 Projek Penyelidikan I


STAG6314 Geofizik Kejuruteraan STAG6324 Geofizik Persekitaran

STAG6334 Geofizik Instrumentasi & Lapangan

STAG6343 Pemprosesan Data Geofizik

STAG6353 Pentafsiran Data Geofizik STAG6363 Hidrogeologi dan Proses Pencemaran

Kandungan Kursus

STAG6314 Geofizik Kejuruteraan Kursus ini membincangkan prinsip asas kaedah geofizik yang digunakan dalam penyiasatan tapak untuk mendapatkan maklumat geologi kejuruteraan. Penekanan


247

diberikan kepada teknik-teknik geofizik terkini (permukaan dan bawah permukaan) yang

digunakan dalam industri. Hubungan antara parameter geofizik dan sifat kejuruteraan

tanah dan batu, serta perbincangan beberapa kajian kes yang berkaitan.

Bacaan Asas Burger, H.R. 1992. Exploration Geophysics of The Shallow Subsurface, W/Macintosh

Computer Software. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Griffiths, D.H. & King, R.F. 1981. Applied Geophysics for Geologists and Engineers. 2

nd

Ed. New York: Pergamon Press.

Karous, M., Kelly, W.E. & Mares, S. (pnyt.). 1993. Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological and Engineering Practice. London: Elsevier Science.

Sharma, P.V. 1997. Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press. Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P. & Sheriff, R.E. 1990. Applied Geophysics. 2

nd Ed.


STAG6324 Geofizik Persekitaran Pengenalan kepada teori dan penggunaan kaedah geofizik (keberintangan geoelektrik,

seismos, magnet, graviti, pengkutuban teraruh, keupayaan sendiri, elektomagnet dan GPR)

dalam penilaian persekitaran tapak. Penekanan kepada tapak-tapak pembuangan sisa, pencemaran, pengesanan dan pemetaan struktur rerongga, objek terkambus dekat

permukaan dan kajian kes.

Bacaan Asas Burger, H. R. 1992. Exploration Geophysics of the Shallow Subsurface, W/ Macintosh

Computer Software. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Karous, M. Kelly,W.E. & Mares, S.(pnyt). 1993. Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological and Engineering Practice. London: Elsevier Science.

Reynolds, J.M. 1997. An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics. New

York: John Wiley & Sons. Sharma, P. V. 1997. Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P. & Sheriff, R.E. 1990. Applied Geophysics. 2nd

Ed.


STAG6334 Geofizik Instrumentasi dan Lapangan Kursus ini memberi penerangan tentang prinsip kerja pelbagai peralatan geofizik dan membentuk kepakaran pelajar untuk menggunakan peralatan-peralatan tersebut bagi tujuan

memperolehi data geofizik lapangan yang berkualiti dan memahami limitasi setiap alat dan

kaedah geofizik yang digunapakai. Bacaan Asas Burger, H. R. 1992. Exploration Geophysics of The Shallow Subsurface.w/ Macintosh

Computer Software. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Milson, J. 2003. Field Geophysics. 3

rd Ed. London: John Wiley & Sons.


248

Reynolds, J.M. 1997. An Introduction To Applied and Environmental Geophysics.


Robinson, E. S. & Coruh, C. 1988. Basic Exploration Geophysics. London: John Wiley. Telford,W.M., Geldart, L.P. & Sheriff, R.E. 1990. Applied Geophysics 2

nd Ed.


STAG6343 Pemprosesan Data Geofizik Kursus ini meliputi prinsip asas kaedah yang digunakan untuk menganalisis isyarat digital

untuk kegunaan geofizik. Tajuk termasuklah pengertian asas mengenai pengelasan dan

perwakilan isyarat dan sistem, sistem lelurus, analisis dan Transformasi Fourier Sistem isyarat kontinu dan diskret, penurasan, modulasi, teori persampelan, sifat-sifat fasa isyarat

digital dan filter. Regresi: regresi linear, regresi least square, regresi non-linear dan

estimasi robust.

Bacaan Asas Bracewell R. 1978. The Fourier Transform and Its Application. New York: Mc. Graw

Hill. Haykin, S. & Vun Veen, B. 1999. Signal and Systems. New York: John Wiley

Kamen, E.W. & Heck, B.S.2000. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall. Robinson, E.A. & Sven Treitel. 1980. Geophysical Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall

Inc.

Robinson, E.A 1978. Digital Signal Processing and Time Series Analysis. Holden-Bay.

STAG6353 Pentafsiran Data Geofizik Kursus ini akan memberi kaedah asas pentafsiran data geofizik kejuruteraan dan sekitaran.

Penekanan akan diberikan kepada pentafsiran data digital geofizik yang diperolehi di

permukaan dan bawah permukaan yang digunakan dalam industri termasuk penggunaan perisian komputer dan pentafsiran, persembahan hasil (laporan, grafik dan peta) dan

komunikasi serta keupayaan pelajar menghubungkaitkan hasil dengan geologi setempat.

Bacaan Asas Burger, H.R. 1992. Exploration Geophysics of the Shallow Subsurface, W/ Macintosh

Computer Software. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Reynolds, J.M. 1997. An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics. New

York: John Wiley & Sons.


University Press. Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P. & Sheriff, R.E. 1990. Applied Geophysics. 2

nd Ed.


Ward, S.H. 1992. Geotechnical and Enviromental Geophysics. Tulsa: Soc. of Expl. Geophysics.


249

STAG6363 Hidrogeologi dan Proses Pencemaran Asas pengaliran air bawah tanah dan kawalan geologi termasuk penggunaan dalam

penilaian, pemakaian dan pencirian sumber air. Kimia inorganik dan sebatian organik dalam air tanah. Pergerakan multifasa, transformasi, perencatan dan pengecilan bahan

cemar serta proses geologi yang berkaitan.

Bacaan Asas Domenico, P.A. & Schwartz, F.S. 1997. Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology. 2

nd Ed.

New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

Domenico, P.A. & Schwartz, F. 1997. Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Fetter, C.W. 1998. Contaminant Hydrogeology. 2nd

Ed. New York: Pearson Education.

Sen, Z. 1995. Applied Hydrogeology for Scientist and Engineers. Istanbul: Technical University, Turkey.

Weight, W.D. & Sonderegger, J.L. 2001. Manual of Applied Field Hydrogeology. London:

McGraw-Hill.

SARJANA SAINS (GEOLOGI KEJURUTERAAN)

Pengenalan Pembangunan sesebuah negara melibatkan pembinaan infrastruktur seperti empangan,

lebuh raya, kompleks industri serta pelabuhan dan lapangan terbang. Pembinaan tersebut

melibatkan interaksi di antara bahan dan jasad bumi dengan binaan. Pencirian bahan dan jasad bumi memainkan peranan penting dalam mempengaruhi penggunaan, keselamatan

dan keberkesanan ekonomi binaan yang dibangunkan. Dalam usaha Malaysia mencapai

status negara maju menjelang tahun 2020, pembinaan sedemikian rupa dijangka bertambah dengan pesat. Pada masa yang sama, tapak dan kawasan yang mungkin kurang sesuai perlu

juga dibangunkan. Satu daripada input penting bagi perlaksanaan pembinaan yang selamat

adalah input geologi kejuruteraan. Program Sarjana Sains (Geologi Kejuruteraan) ini bertujuan melatih ahli geologi

kejuruteraan yang berkebolehan menangani dan mengatasi masalah yang mungkin wujud

dalam pembinaan dan mencadangkan penyelesaian yang selamat dan berekonomi.

Program ini akan mempertingkatkan pengetahuan ahli geologi kejuruteraan dalam melaksankan penyiasatan dan kajian tersebut di bahagian permukaan bumi dan juga di

bawah tanah.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang memohon mengikuti Program ini mestilah memiliki

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains (Geologi) dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif

(PNGK) yang baik dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti

lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau b) Kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjanamuda dan mempunyai kelayakan lain

atau pengalaman kerja dalam bidang yang berkaitan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.


250


OPP1: Melahirkan siswazah yang mempunyai ilmu geologi kejuruteraan yang kukuh dan menyeluruh supaya mampu meneroka dan mengembangkan sendiri ilmu ini.

OPP2: Untuk menyerapkan kemahiran asas yang diperlukan dalam mengembangkan ilmu

geologi kejuruteraan dan geologi gunaan dan ilmu sains yang lain yang berkaitan. OPP3: Untuk mendidik pelajar bagi menerapkan ilmu geologi kejuruteraan dalam

berbagai penggunaan.

OPP4: Menyediakan pelajar untuk mengikuti program pengajian yang lebih tinggi seperti

Doktor Falsafah. OPP5: Menyediakan pelajar untuk kerjaya penyelidikan di institusi awam dan swasta.

OPP6: Menjadikan FST sebagai pusat kecemerlangan dalam geologi kejuruteraan.


HPP1: Menguasai beberapa aspek ilmu geologi kejuruteraan dan memahami perkaitannya dengan pelbagai disiplin sains dan kejuruteraan yang lain.

HPP2: Mempunyai kebolehan teknikal yang mendalam ilmu geologi kejuruteraan dan

mampu mengenalpasti dan merumuskan penyelesaian masalah yang praktikal.

HPP3: Mempunyai keupayaan mengguna dan menyebar ilmu geologi kejuruteraan secara berkesan.

HPP4: Mempunyai kompetensi menjalankan penyelidikan & pembangunan geologi

kejuruteraan serta mempunyai daya kreativiti dan inovasi yang tinggi. HPP5: Menghayati nilai moral, etika dan profesionalisme yang tinggi serta prihatin

terhadap tanggungjawab sosial.

HPP6: Mempunyai kemampuan berkerja dan berkomunikasi dengan berkesan. HPP7: Mempunyai kemahiran keusahawanan dan kepimpinan yang berkesan.

HPP8: Kesanggupan untuk meneroka dan menambah ilmu secara berterusan







dinilai.


251


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

STAP6073 Sistem

Pengurusan

Persekitaran

STAP6974 Projek

Penyelidikan I

STAG6213 Geologi

Kejuruteraan

STAG6234 Kejuruteraan

Batuan

STAG6314 Geofizik

Kejuruteran

22

II

STAP6092 Etika

Persekitaran


STAG6224 Kejuruteraan

Tanah

STAG6243 Penyiasatan Geobencana

STAG6083 Hidrogeologi

18

JUMLAH 19 21 40



STAP6073 Sistem Pengurusan Persekitaran

STAG6083 Hidrogeologi STAP6092 Etika Persekitaran

STAG6213 Geologi Kejuruteraan

STAG6224 Kejuruteraan Tanah STAG6234 Kejuruteraan Batuan

STAG6244 Penyiasatan Geobencana

STAG6314 Geofizik Kejuruteraan STAP6974 Projek Penyelidikan I


Kursus Kandungan STAG6083 Hidrogeologi Takrifan dan skop hidrogeologi. Kaitan dengan bidang sains dan kejuruteraan. Air

bawahtanah:kewujudan dan jenis. Kitaran hidrologi. Konsep keliangan dan ketertelapan.

Jenis lapisan pekandung air dan penciriannya. Hukum Darcy. Kaedah penentuan ketertelapan makmal dan lapangan. Hidrogeokimia. Sifat air sebagai pelarut istimewa.

Jenis larutan dalam air. Pengelasan air berdasarkan kandungan kimia. Penjelajahan air

bawah tanah dan penggunaannya sebagai sumber air.


252

Bacaan Asas Domenico, P.A. & Schwartz, F.S. 1997. Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology. 2

nd Ed.

New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc. Fetter, C.W. 1998. Contaminant Hydrogeology. 2

nd Ed. New York: Pearson Education.

Sen, Z.1995. Applied Hydrogeology for Scientists and Engineers. Turkey: Istanbul

Technical University.

Weight, W.D. & Sonderegger, J.L. 2001. Manual of Applied Field Hydrogeology. London: Mc Graw-Hill.

Yong, R.N. 2001. Geoenvironmental Engineering: Contaminated Soils, Pollutant Fate

and Migration. Boca Raton: CRC Press. STAG6213 Geologi Kejuruteraan Kursus ini bermula dengan pengenalan takrif, latar belakang dan perkembangan geologi

kejuruteraan. Sistem pengelasan tanih dan batuan. Pemetaan geologi kejuruteraan. Jenis peta geologi kejuruteraan. Skala peta dan jenis pembinaan. Pemetaan geologi kejuruteraan

di kawasan tropika. Perancangan penyiasatan dan penjelajahan geologi kejuruteraan.

Penggerudian dan rakamannya. Pensampelan. Parit ujian dan rakamannya Ujian duga

dalam dan penusukan. Ujian penusukan piawai. Ujian penusukan kon. Penafsiran hasil ujian. Laporan penyiasatan geologi kejuruteraan.

Bacaan Asas Attewell, P.B. & Farmer, I.W. 1976. Principles of Engineering Geology. London:

Chapman & Hall.

Bell, F.G. 1980. Engineering Geology and Geotechnics. London: Newness-Butterworths. Goodman, R.E. 1989. Introduction to Rock Mechanics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Hudson, J.A. (pnyt). 1993. Comprehensive Rock Engineering. Jil. 1-5. London: Pergamon

Press.

Zaruba, Q. & Mench, V. 1976. Engineering Geology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

STAG6224 Kejuruteraan Tanah Aliran air tanah, jaringan aliran dan penggunaannya, Hukum Darcy, Persamaan Keterusan; Teori konsolidasi tanah, isokron; Kekuatan ricih tanah, kelakuan tegasan-keterikan,

keanjalan tanah, Teori Mohr-Coulomb; Tekanan bumi, tembok penahan, Teori Rankine;

Keupayaan menampung tanah, pendasaran bangunan; Penyiasatan tapak dan ujian lapangan sifat tanah; Sifat fiziko-kimia dan mineralogi tanah; Penstabilan tanah:- kaedah

fizikal dan kimia; Kes kajian seperti lebuhraya, empangan tanah, pendasaran bangunan.

Bacaan Asas Abrahamson, L.W., Lee,T.S., Sharma, S. & Boyce, G.M. 2001. Slope Stability and

Stabilization Methods. 2nd


Budhu, M. 1999. Soil Mechanics and Foundations. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Das, B.M. 1997. Advanced Soil Mechanics. New York: Taylor and Francis Ltd.

Lambe, T.W. & Whitman, R.V. 1979. Soil Mechanics. SI Units. New York: John Wiley &

Sons.


253

Terzaghi, K., Peck, R.B. & Mesri, G. 1996. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. 3rd


STAG6234 Kejuruteraan Batuan Pengenalan latar belakang dan perkembangan mekanik batuan dan geomekanik. Mekanik

batuan berasaskan geologi. Sistem pengelasan jasad batuan: sistem RMR dan Q.

Ketakhomogenan dan anisotropi. Peranan ketakselanjaran terhadap kelakuan mekanik

bahan dan jasad batuan. Pencirian ketakselanjaran. Input mekanik batuan dalam pembinaan bukaan bawah tanah (terowong, gegua) empangan dan loji industri. Amali

melibatkan penentuan sifat-sifat fizis dan mekanik bahan dan jasad batuan di makmal dan

lapangan serta penyelesaian masalah berkenaan dengan kestabilan batuan dalam pembinaan.

Bacaan Asas Brown, E.T. 1981. Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring. ISRM Suggested

Methods. London: Pergamon Press.

Hoek, E. & Brown, E.T. 1980. Underground Excavation Inrock. London: London

Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. Hudson, J.A. (Ed.). 1993. Comprehensive Rock Engineering. Jil. 1 & 3. London: Pergamon

Press.

Priest, S.D. 1993. Discontinuity Analysis for Rock Engineering. New York: Chapman Hall. Wittke, W. 1990. Rock Mechanics: Theory and Applications with Case Histories. Berlin:

Springer Verlag.

STAG6243 Penyiasatan Geobencana Kursus ini membincang proses-proses geologi dan semulajadi yang mempengaruhi

sekitaran manusia secara katastropi. Kesan geobencana diperbesarkan oleh aktiviti

manusia. Pengelasan geobencana. Konsep bahaya dan risiko. Tanah runtuh: takrifan, penentuan dan pengelasan. Bahaya tanah runtuh dan pengurusan risiko. Kajian kes.

Amblesan dan lubang benam. Gempa bumi: pengelasan, magnitud dan keamatan.

Pengesan dan pengukuran. Bahaya gempa bumi dan penebatan. Tsunami: latarbelakang dan pencirian. Dampak, kerosakan, pemantuan, amaran awal dan penebatan. Polisi dan

tindakbalas terhadap gempa bumi dan tsunami di Malaysia. Banjir, hakisan, pengurusan

bahaya dan risiko.

Bacaan Asas Bromhead, E.N. 1994. The Stability of Slopes. London: Blackie Academic &

Professional. Bruensden, D. & Prior, D.B. 1973. Slope Instability. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Crozier, M.J. 1986. Landslides: Causes, Consequences and Environment. London: Croom

Helm. Hoek, E. & Bray, J. 1977. Rock Slope Engineering. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy.

London: Elsevier Applied Science.

Richards, L.R. & Antherton, D. 1987. Stability of Slopes in Rocks. Dlm: Bell, F.G. (pnyt).

Ground Engineers Reference Book. London: Butterworth Heinemann.


254

STAG6314 Geofizik Kejuruteraan Kursus ini membincangkan prinsip asas kaedah geofizik yang digunakan dalam

penyiasatan tapak untuk mendapatkan maklumat geologi kejuruteraan. Penekanan diberikan kepada teknik-teknik geofizik terkini (permukaan dan bawah permukaan) yang

digunakan dalam industri. Hubungan antara parameter geofizik dan sifat kejuruteraan

tanah dan batu, serta perbincangan beberapa kajian kes yang berkaitan.

Bacaan Asas Burger, H. R. 1992. Exploration Geophysics of The Shallow Subsurface, W/ Macintosh

Computer Software. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Griffiths, D.H. & King, R.F. 1981. Applied Geophysics for Geologists and Engineers. 2

nd

ed. New York: Pergamon Press.

Karous, M. Kelly, W.E. & Mares, S.(pnyt.) 1993. Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological and Engineering Practice. London: Elsevier Science.

Sharma, P. V. 1997. Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Telford,W.M. Geldart, L.P. & Sheriff, R.E. 1990. Applied Geophysics. 2nd

ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

SARJANA SAINS (MINERAL INDUSTRI)

Pengenalan Mineral industri merupakan sumber tabii bukan logam, tidak termasuk bahan bakar dan

air. Walau bagaimanapun batuan tertentu termasuk ke dalam skop mineral industri. Mineral industri mentah boleh menghasilkan produk yang digunakan dalam kehidupan

seharian serta dalam industri setelah diproses. Antara mineral industri tradisi yang dikenali

ramai ialah mineral lempung yang menjadi bahan mentah pembuatan seramik, pasir silika

bagi pembuatan kaca, batu kapur yang menjadi komponen utama simen, asbestos dalam pembuatan siling dan atap, malah talkum yang dijadikan asas produk kosmetik. Dalam

industri pula mineral barit digunakan sebagai komponen lumpur gerudi telaga carigali

petroleum, mika sebagai penebat eletrik yang baik, dan mineral keras seperti garnet dan zirkon yang dijadikan bahan las. Dalam dekad terakhir ini kegunaan mineral industri telah

menjangkau bidang-bidang seperti polimer, bahan komposit dan bahan elektronik. Bagi

batuan pula, ia dijadikan bahan agregat dan yang mempunyai warna dan corak menarik dipotong dan digilap dijadikan batu dimensi seperti lantai dan dinding bangunan.

Untuk mendapatkan longgokan sesuatu mineral, program penjelajahan

menggunakan teknik-teknik khusus perlu dijalankan, diikuti dengan penganggaran rezab

bagi mineral berkenaan. Mineral industri juga perlu dikaji kesesuaiannya mengikut piawai antarabangsa. Paduan tiga aspek ini digembeleng bagi meramalkan sama ada sesuatu

sumber itu ekonomi untuk diusahakan atau sebaliknya mengikut keadaan pasaran semasa.


255

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang memohon mengikuti program ini mestilah memiliki:-

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) yang baik dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia atau mana-mana universiti lain yang

diiktiraf oleh Senat dalam bidang geologi dan bidang-bidang yang berkaitan seperti

kimia, fizik, sains bahan, sains sekitaran, kejuruteraan awam dan kejuruteraan perlombongan; atau

b) Kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dan mempunyai

kelayakan lain atau pengalaman dan bekerja dalam bidang yang relevan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mempunyai pengetahuan mendalam dan terkini

dalam bidang mineral industri.

OPP2: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang berkeupayaan mengenal pasti kawasan berpotensi mineral industri, merancang dan menjalankan usaha carigali.

OPP3: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dalam teknik analisis dan dapat

memenfaatkannya untuk menilai kesesuaian sesuatu mineral industri. OPP4: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang berpengetahuan tentang peraturan dan

perundangan alam sekitar yang berkait dengan pengusahaan mineral industri.

OPP5: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang berminat dan mampu menjadi usahawan dalam bidang mineral industri.

OPP6: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang sentiasa ingin meneroka bidang ilmu sepanjang

hayat.


HPP1: Menguasai ilmu mengenai sumber Bumi secara menyeluruh dan mineral industri secara khusus.

HPP2: Memahami secara mendalam kawalan geologi terhadap jumpaan mineral industri

dan dapat memenfaatkannya dalam kerja carigali. HPP3: Berupaya merancang dan menjalankan sesebuah eksplorasi mineral industri.

HPP4: Kompeten dalam menggunakan teknik-teknik analisis bersesuaian dan dapat

menggunakannya untuk menentukan kesesuaian longgokan mineral mengikut

piawaian antarabangsa. HPP5: Berpengetahuan mendalam dan kemas kini tentang kegunaan mineral industri di

dalam sektor hiliran.

HPP6: Memiliki nilai-nilai moral, etika dan profesionalisme serta kefahaman tentang perundangan dalam mengusahakan sumber mineral industri supaya kelestarian

alam sekitar terpelihara.

HPP7: Mampu menggunakan Sistem Maklumat Geografi (GIS) dan penderiaan jauh

sebagai teknik nilai tambah dalam carigali mineral industri. HPP8: Mempunyai asas pengetahuan keusahawanan dan ekonomi mineral industri.



256






dinilai.


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

STAP6064 Sistem

Maklumat

Geografi dan

Penderiaan

Jauh



STAG6134 Geologi Mineral

Industri

STAG6154 Teknik

Penjelajahan

Mineral Industri

23

II

STAP6092 Etika

Persekitaran

STAP6986 Projek

Penyelidikan II

STAG6104 Teknik Analisis

dan Penilaian

Mineral Industri

STAG6123 Mineral Industri

dan Aspek Hiliran

dan Sekitaran

STAG6143 Ekonomi Mineral

Industri

18

JUMLAH 20 21 41


STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan STAP6064 Sistem Maklumat Geografi dan Penderiaan Jauh



STAP6986 Projek Penyelidikan II STAG6104 Teknik Analisis Dan Penilaian Mineral Industri


STAG6123 Mineral Industri dan Aspek Hiliran dan Sekitaran STAG6134 Geologi Mineral Industri

STAG6143 Ekonomi Mineral Industri

STAG6154 Teknik Penjelajahan Mineral Industri

Kandungan Kursus


257

STAG6104 Teknik Analisis dan Penilaian Mineral Industri Kursus pengenalan ini mendedahkan pelajar kepada teknik yang digunakan bagi

menentukan sifat-sifat fizik bahan, seperti warna, sifat optik, ketumpatan, keporosan, taburan saiz butiran, luas permukaan, had cecair dan had plastik, kekuatan mampatan dan

kekuatan abrasi; teknik yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan data kimia dan imej visual

bahan menggunakan pelbagai alat, seperti AAS, XRF, CHNS, XRD, SEM, TEM dan teknik kimia basah; dan penilaian kesesuaian bahan berdasarkan piawai antarabangsa serta

piawai Malaysia (SIRIM). Kursus ini melibatkan kelas amali.

Bacaan Asas Brown, E.T. 1981. Rock Characterisation, Testing and Monitoring: ISRM Suggested


Collis, L. & Fox, R.A. 1985. Aggregates: Sand, Gravel, Crushed Rock Aggregates for Construction Purposes. London: Geol. Soc. London.

Gill, R. 1997. Modern Analytical Geochemistry. Essex: Longman.

Moore, D.M. & Reynolds, R.C. 1996. X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analyses of Clay Minerals. London: Oxford University Press.

Riddle, C. 1993. Analysis of Geological Materials. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.

STAG6113 Sumber Bumi Kursus ini bertujuan memberi gambaran secara komprehensif tentang sumber bumi,

termasuk yang bukan dikelaskan secara tradisi sebagai mineral industri. Tajuk yang

dibicarakan ialah jenis sumber, sejarah penemuannya, kepentingan kepada peradaban manusia, taburan dan rezabnya di Malaysia dan di seluruh dunia, serta nilai pasaran

semasa. Antara jenis sumber bumi yang dibahaskan ialah air tanah, mineral logam dan

semilogam; mineral logam berharga seperti emas, perak dan platinum; bahan punca tenaga

seperti arang batu, gas asli, petroleum mentah, mineral radioaktif dan tenaga geoterma, dan mineral industri seperti silika, batu kapur, lempung, bahan agregat dan batu dimensi. Di

akhir kursus pelajar dikehendaki merangka sebuah pelan strategi saintifik untuk

memanfaatkan satu sumber bumi terpilih secara seimbang dan mesra alam sekitar dan membentangkannya di dalam seminar.

Bacaan Asas Chiras, D.D. 2001. Environmental Science. Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett Publisher.

Dietrich, R.V. & Skinner, B.J. 1990. Gems, Granite and Gravels: Knowing and Using

Rocks and Minerals. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Salley, R.C. 1997. Elements of Petroleum Geology. London: Academic Press. Thomas, L. 2002. Coal Geology. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.

Vanecek, M. 1994. Mineral Deposits of the World: Ores, Industrial Minerals and Rocks.

Development in Economic Geology, Vol.28. Amsterdam: Elsevier.


258

STAG6123 Mineral Industri dan Aspek Hiliran dan Sekitaran Melalui kursus ini pelajar akan diperkenalkan kepada kegunaan sebenar pelbagai mineral industri di sektor hiliran (pembuatan) dan kegunaannya yang mungkin di masa hadapan,

serta prinsip pemprosesan mineral. Kursus ini melibatkan lawatan ke kilang-kilang

pemprosesan dan pengeluaran. Pelajar juga diperkenalkan kepada impak terhadap alam

sekitar hasilan pengusahaan mineral industri dan cara mengatasi atau meminimumkan kesan-kesan ini, serta aspek-aspek keselamatan dan perundangan.

Bacaan Asas Auty, R.M. & Mikesell, R.F. 1999. Sustainable Development in Mineral Economics.

London: Oxford University Press.

Ciullo, P.A. 1996. Industrial Minerals and Their Uses. New York: Noyes Publ. Kuzvart, M. 1984. Industrial Minerals and Rocks (Development in Economic Geology,

No. 18). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Wills, B.A. 1997. Mineral Processing Technology: An Introduction to the Practical

Aspects of ore Treatment and Mineral Recovery. 6th Ed. New York: Butterworth-

Heinemann.

World Bank. 1992. Development and the Environment. Washington D.C.: World Bank.

STAG6134 Geologi Mineral Industri Kursus ini memperkenalkan kepada pelajar geologi pelbagai jenis mineral industri dan

sumber bumi bagi permintaan pelbagai industri. Aspek geologi bertujuan melihat sifat geologi, kejadian, taburan ruang dan masa longgokan-longgokan mineral industri dan

logam. Antara tajuk yang dibincang ialah geologi longgokan mineral industri, mineral

logam, dan mineral sumber tenaga. Perbincangan kes dibuat berdasarkan contoh-contoh

Malaysia, serantau dan dunia. Kursus ini juga merangkumi kerja lapangan bagi mendedahkan pelajar kepada aktiviti geologi dan eksploitasi mineral industri.

Bacaan Asas Bates, R.L. 1960. Geology of the Industrial Rocks and Mineral. New York: Harper.

Carr, D.D. 1994. Industrial Minerals and Rocks. New York: Soc. For Mining, Metallurgy

& Exploration.

Lefond, S.J. 1975. Industrial Minerals and Rocks. New York: Amer. Inst. of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers.

Manning, D.A.C. 1995. Introduction to Industrial Minerals. London: Chapman & Hall.

Vanecek, M. 1994. Mineral Deposits of the World: Ores, Industrial Minerals and Rocks. (Developments in Economic Geology, Jil 28). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

STAG6143 Ekonomi Mineral Industri Kursus ini memperkenalkan beberapa teori asas dalam ekonomi, terutama konsep

penawaran-permintaan. Antara perkara yang dibahaskan ialah: mineral sebagai salah satu

asas peradaban; sejarah perkembangan mineral menjadi komoditi; penentu kebolehusahaan

sumber, termasuklah harga semasa, trend harga, kekurangan atau kelebihan permintaan, pengaruh geopolitik dan pasaran global. Pelajar dikehendaki menyediakan sebuah tugasan


259

berbentuk pembelajaran berdasarkan masalah (PBL) tentang satu mineral komoditi yang

dipilih.

Bacaan Asas British Geological Survey. 2007. World Mineral Production. London: British Geological

Survey. Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains Malaysia 2007. Industrial Mineral Production Statistics and

Directory of Producers in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Sumber Asli dan

Alam Sekitar (dan isu-isu sebelumnya). Jabatan Mineral dan Geosains Malaysia. 2007. Malaysian Minerals Yearbook. Kuala

Lumpur: Kementerian Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar (dan isu-isu sebelumnya).

United States Geological Survey. 2007. Mineral Commodity Summary. Washington:

USGS.

STAG6154 Teknik Penjelajahan Mineral Industri Kursus ini memperkenalkan teknik-teknik dalam penjelajahan mineral, termasuklah: teknik pemetaan khusus; teknik geofizik cetek, teknik seismos pantulan dan biasan,

keberintangan, magnet dan kekonduksian; teknik penjelajahan geokimia; teknik

penggerudian. Pelajar akan didedahkan dengan aspek statistik penyampelan dan sumber serta rezab. Kursus ini mengandungi kerja makmal dan kerjalapangan.

Bacaan Asas Annels, A.E. 1992. Mineral Deposit Evaluation. London: Chapman and Hall. Keary, P. & Brooks, M. 1984. Introduction to the Geophysical Exploration. London:

Blackwell Scientific.

Milsom, J. 1996. Field Geophysic. 2nd

ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons- Open University Press.

Ramani, R.V., Muzumdar, B.K. & Samaddar, A.B. 1994. Computers in Mineral Industry.

London: Ashgate Publishing Company. Reedman, A.J. 1979. Techniques in Mineral Exploration. New York: Applied Science.

SARJANA SAINS (PENILAIAN DAN PEMANTAUAN PERSEKITARAN)

Pengenalan Pemeliharaan kualiti alam sekitar merupakan salah satu aspek penting dalam kerangka pembangunan Malaysia berlandaskan Deklarasi Langkawi 1989 dan Persidangan Bangsa-

bangsa Bersatu mengenai Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (UNDEP) pada tahun 1992 di

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Akta Kualiti Alam Sekeliling 1974 pula menekankan pembangunan

mapan perlu diterapkan dalam setiap program pembangunan negara. Program Sarjana Sains (Penilaian dan Pemantauan Persekitaran) dikendalikan secara

kerja kursus selama 2 semester. Objektif utama program ini adalah untuk melahirkan

sumber tenaga manusia yang kompeten dan berkemahiran dalam bidang Penilaian dan


260

Pemantauan Persekitaran sejajar dengan pembangunan negara yang pesat seperti sektor

minyak dan gas, infrastruktur dan bidang-bidang yang melibatkan pembangunan negara.

Syarat Kemasukan Calon yang memohon masuk ke program ini mestilah mempunyai:-

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK)



b) Kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dan mempunyai

kelayakan lain atau pengalaman dan bekerja dalam bidang yang relevan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat.


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan penilaian

dan pemantauan persekitaran yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini. OPP2: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang kompeten dalam kemahiran insaniah.





HPP1: Menguasai pengetahuan asas dalam penilaian dan pemantauan persekitaran.

HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang penilaian dan pemantauan persekitaran dengan kemampuan menggunakan kaedah saintifik bagi merekabentuk,

mengendalikan ujikaji, menganalisis dan mentafsir data.

HPP3: Berkemampuan mengenalpasti dan menyelesakan masalah secara kritis, kreatif dan invovatif khasnya dalam bidang penilaian dan pemantauan persekitaran.



saintifik dan masyarakat awam. HPP6: Berkebolehan mendapat, mengurus dan menggunakan maklumat terkini dengan


HPP7: Mempunyai dorongan yang tinggi untuk belajar sepanjang hayat. HPP8: Memahami isu dan keperluan etika sains dalam masyarakat meliputi budaya dan

persekitaran.

HPP9: Memiliki pengetahuan asas keusahawanan dan pengurusan hasil penyelidikan bagi tujuan pembangunan, pengkomersialan, kelestarian masyarakat dan alam sekitar.


kursus yang memerlukan 12 bulan (2 semester). Calon perlu melengkapkan sejumlah 40


261





dinilai.


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

STAP6073 Sistem

Pengurusan

Persekitaran

STAP6064 Sistem

Maklumat

Geografi dan

Penderiaan Jauh

STAP6974 Projek

Penyelidikan I

STAE6303 Prosedur dan

Teknik Penilaian

Impak Alam

Sekitar

STAB6084 Ekonomi Sumber

Asli dan Alam Sekitar

22

II

STAP6092 Etika

Persekitaran

STAP6986 Projek

Penyelidikan II

STAE6323 Penilaian dan

Pemantauan

Kualiti Air Dan

Udara

STAB6054 Etika dan

Perundangan

Pemuliharaan STAE6013 Pengurusan

Ekosistem Tasik

dan Tanah Bencah

18

JUMLAH 23 17 40



STAP6064 Sistem Maklumat Geografi dan Penderiaan Jauh STAP6073 Sistem Pengurusan Persekitaran


STAP6974 Projek Penyelidikan I STAP6986 Projek Penyelidikan II

STAB6054 Etika dan Perundangan Pemuliharaan

STAB6084 Ekonomi Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar

STAE6013 Pengurusan Ekosistem Tasik dan Tanah Bencah


262

STAE6303 Prosedur dan Teknik Penilaian Impak Alam Sekitar

STAE6323 Penilaian dan Pemantauan Kualiti Air dan Udara

Kandungan Kursus STAB6054 Etika dan Perundangan Pemuliharaan Etika dan perundangan adalah penting di dalam pemuliharaan. Etika menetapkan objektif,

manakala perundangan merupakan asas yang sah dalam pelaksanaan sesuatu usaha pemuliharaan. Kursus ini akan memperkenalkan secara latar, isu-isu asas berkaitan dengan

etika dan perundangan pemuliharaan. Perkara am berkenaan etika, evolusi perundangan

berhubung dengan sumber biologi, habitat dan ekosistem, di peringkat negara dan antarabangsa akan digariskan. Prinsip-prinsip serta konsep-konsep yang berkait dengan

pemuliharaan biologi akan dibincang untuk memperlihatkan nilai (etika) yang terkandung.

Peranan dan fungsi institusi juga akan disingkap untuk menjelaskan tanggungjawab dan kebertanggungjawaban di dalam sesuatu pelaksanaan undang-undang. Perkaitan sains,

etika dan perundangan juga akan dianalisis secara ringkas.

Bacaan Asas Alder, J. & Wilkinson, D. 1999. Environmental Law and Ethics. Macmillan: Press Ltd.



Manchester Press.

Van Heijnsbergen, P. 1997. International Legal Protection of Wild Fauna and Flora. IOS

Press.

STAB6084 Ekonomi Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar Kursus ini akan membincangkan kriteria untuk pembangunan ekonomi secara mapan dan peranan yang dimainkan oleh sumber asli dan sekitaran dalam pemuliharaan. Prinsip-

prinsip ekonomi berkenaan penggunaan sumber secara cekap, kegagalan pasaran, analisis

kos-keuntungan dan perakaunan sumber tabii akan diperkenalkan. Jenis data yang diperlukan untuk menjalankan analisis akan diperkenalkan. Peranan penilaian ekonomi

atas fungsi-fungsi kepelbagaian biologi dan penggunaan tanah juga akan dikaji. Contoh-

contoh berkaitan dengan ekonomi sumber asli dan pemuliharaan alam sekitar akan

digunakan untuk menolong pelajar memahami isu-isu dengan lebih mendalam.

Bacaan Asas Abdul Hamid H. M. I. & Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 2005. Penilaian Sumber dan Harta

Tanah Hutan. J.Bahru: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

McNally, Richard & Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 2003. Environmental Economics: A Practical

Guide. WWFUK. Mohd Shahwahid H.O. & Jamal O. 1999. Economic costs to Malaysia. In Glover, D. and

Jessup, T. (ed.) Pp 22-50. Chapter 3 of Institute of South East Asian Studies (ISEAS)

and Economy & Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) book on



263

Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 1999 (editor). Manual on Economic Valuation of Environmental

Goods and Services of Peat Swamp Forests. Malaysian-DANCED Project on

Sustainable Management of Peat Swamp Forests, Peninsular Malaysia Mohd Shahwahid H.O., Awang Noor A.G., Abdul Rahim N., Zulkifli Y. & Razani U.

1999. Trade-offs on Competing Uses of a Peninsular Malaysian Forested Catchment.


STAE6013 Pengurusan Ekosistem Tasik Dan Tanah Bencah Kursus ini dimulakan dengan pengenalan tasik dan ekosistem tanah bencah. Penggunaan

dan fungsi ekosistem akan dijalankan berdasarkan kes kajian Tasik Chini dan Tasik

Putrajaya, yang telah banyak dipelajari dan dikaji dengan mendalam. Pengurusan kedua-dua tasik yang mewakili tasik semulajadi dan tasik buatan dari segi ekosistem tasik dan

tanah bencah akan dibincang sepenuhnya. Pentingnya kajian seperti limnologi, batimetri

dan ekohidrologi yang memberi fahaman yang mendalam mengenai kedua-dua tasik dan tanah bencah. Isu pihak berkuasa perlu diberi penekanan memandangkan akta tasik dan

tanah bencah adalah di bawah bidangkuasa akta negeri. Kes kajian di Malaysia dan negara

lain juga diambil berat. Lembangan merupakan senario penting dalam perubahan iklim;

maka pengaruh iklim mikro memainkan peranan yang penting. Lembangan dikelilingi oleh kawasan berbukit yang memerlukan pemetaan dengan menggunakan GIS dan penderiaan

jauh untuk melihat kawasan yang besar secara keseluruhan. Kedua flora dan fauna

berkaitan dengan hutan dan iklim.

Bacaan Asas Cunningham, W.P., Cunningham, M.A. & Saigo, B.W. 2003. Environmental Science: A

Global Concern. 7th Ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Reeve, R.N. & Barnes, J.D. 1994. Environmental Analysis. Chichester, New York: John

Wiley & Sons. UNEP-IETC. 1999. Planning and Management of Lakes And Reservoirs. An Integrated

Approach To Eutrophication. IETC Technical Publication Series. Issue 11

IUCN. 2000. Vision For Water and Nature. A World Strategy for Conservation and Sustainable Management of Water Resources in The 21st Century. World Conservation

Union.

Gippsland Lakes Ramsar Site: Strategic Management Plan 2003. Dept. of Sustainability

and Environment, East Melbourne.

STAE6303 Prosedur dan Teknik Penilaian Impak Alam Sekitar Fokus kursus ini ialah prosedur penilaian melalui langkah-langkah perundangan yang ada

dan juga teknik-teknik persampelan dalam menjalankan kajian penilaian. Prosedur ini mencakupi proses-proses penyaringan, aktiviti yang ditetapkan, skoping, EIA awal, EIA

terperinci, penilaian impak, penebatan dan pendokumentasian. Prosedur pengauditan dan

pemantauan juga akan dibincangkan. Kursus ini juga akan memperkenalkan penilaian impak sosial sebagai satu bahagian penting proses bersepadu bagi menilai impak atau

kesan yang timbul daripada projek, program serta rekabentuk dan pelaksanaan polisi.

Justeru itu, pelajar akan didedahkan kepada konsep dan kaedah menjalankan penilaian


264

impak sosial serta aplikasinya dan kemungkinan langkah penebatan yang perlu diambil

untuk menentukan arah pencapaian pembangunan mampan.

Bacaan Asas Barrow, C.J. 1997. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, An Introduction.

London: Arnold.

Burdge, R. J. 1998. A Conceptual Approach to Social Impact Assessment. Revised edition. Middleton: Social Ecology Press.

Glasson, J., Therivel, R. & Chadwick, A. (pnyt.). 1999. Introduction to Environmental

Impact Assessment. London: UCL Press. Razali Agus & Yahya Ibrahim (pnyt.). 2003. Penilaian Dampak Sosial. Kuala Lumpur:

Utusan Publication & Distribution.

Taylor, C. N., Bryan, C. H. & Goodrich, C. C. 1995. Social Assessment: Theory, Process and Technique. Christchurch: Taylor Baines.

STAE6323 Penilaian dan Pemantauan Kualiti Air dan Udara Kursus ini akan menekankan perbincangan berkenaan beberapa jenis pencemaran bunyi, udara dan air, punca-punca pencemaran tersebut, indeks yang digunakan bagi menilai

tahap pencemaran dan juga undang-undang serta piawai yang digunapakai. Pelbagai teknik

pemonitoran termasuk bioesei, penunjuk biologi dan pengesan biologi akan dibincangkan. Kerjalapangan dan pengukuran di makmal terhadap kualiti udara dan air akan dijalankan.

Pelajar juga akan diminta untuk menulis kertas kerja tidak lebih daripada 5000 perkataan

berkenaan kertas projek yang mereka pilih, samada secara individu atau berkumpulan.

Bacaan Asas Brimblecombe, P. 1996. Air Composition and Chemistry. 2

nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. & Pitts, J. N. 2000. Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere,

Theory, Experiments and Application. San Diego: Academic Press.

Harrop, D.O. 2002. Air Quality Assessment and Management: A Practical Guide. London and New York: Spon Press.

Spengler, J.D., McCarthy, J.F. & Samet, J.M. 2000. Indoor Air Quality: A Health

Perspective (The Johns Hopkins Series in Environmental Toxicology) (Paperback).

United States of America: The John Hopkins University Press. Sawyer, C.N., McCarty, P.L. & Parkin, G.F. 2003. Chemistry for Environmental

Engineering and Science. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

SARJANA SAINS (SAINS MARIN)

Pengenalan Sebagai sebuah Institut Pengajian Tinggi Awam yang terulung di Malaysia, UKM telah

mula mengorak langkah dengan mengalakkan pusat-pusat pengajiannya menawarkan

pengajian sains lanjutan pasca-siswazah. UKM juga merupakan salah sebuah institusi pengajian tinggi awam yang mempelopori program pengajian sains laut di peringkat


265

prasiswazah. Program pengajian sains laut ini, sejak mula ditubuhkan pada tahun 1985

telah menawarkan berbagai kursus yang merangkumi segala aspek fizikal, kimia dan

biologi marin di bawah kampus cawangan UKM di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Program ini telah berpindah ke kampus induk UKM di Bangi pada akhir tahun 1995 dan sekarang

beroperasi dalam Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan

Teknologi.

Semenjak penubuhannya, Program Sains Laut UKM telah mengalami perkembangan dari aspek bilangan kakitangan akademik, kepakaran, bilangan pelajar dan

prasarana pengajaran dan penyelidikan. Kini ahli akademik Program Sains Laut UKM

telah dapat mencipta nama di peringkat Kebangsaan dan antarabangsa dalam beberapa bidang seperti kajian kepelbagaian organisma marin, sains perikanan dan ekologi ikan,

kajian masalah algae beracun, mikrobiologi dan bioteknologi marin dan kajian iklim

khususnya yang berkait dengan fenomena El Nino dan La Nina. Pengiktirafan ini dapat diukur berdasarkan peranan ahli akademik program sebagai pemimpin atau koordinator

beberapa program serantau anjuran JSPS, IAEA dan IOC. Beberapa orang ahli akademik

program ini juga sering mendapat jemputan atau memberi ceramah di peringkat

kebangsaan dan antarabangsa. Dengan kemajuan yang telah dicapai dalam pengajaran dan penyelidikan, Program Sains Laut UKM kini bersedia untuk menawarkan program

pengajian pasca-siswazah dalam sains marin.

Syarat Kemasukan

Calon yang memohon masuk ke program ini mestilah mempunyai:-

a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dengan memperolehi Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK)



b) Kelulusan lain yang setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjanamuda Sains dan mempunyai kelayakan lain atau pengalaman dan bekerja dalam bidang yang relevan yang diiktiraf

oleh Senat.


OPP1: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang mahir dan mempunyai pengetahuan sains

marin yang mantap, menyeluruh dan terkini. OPP2: Untuk melahirkan siswazah yang kompeten dalam kemahiran insaniah.



OPP5: Melatih kecekapan berbahasa dan menulis bertaraf kebangsaan dan

antarabangsa.


266


HPP1: Menguasai pengetahuan asas dalam bidang sains marin. HPP2: Berketerampilan teknikal dalam bidang sains marin dengan kemampuan

menggunakan kaedah saintifik bagi merekabentuk, mengendalikan kajian,


dalam ilmu sains marin. HPP3: Berkemampuan mengenalpasti masalah dalam bidang sains marin serta

menyelesaikannya secara kritis, kreatif dan inovatif.

HPP4: Mampu bekerja secara individu dan berkumpulan dengan berkesan. HPP5: Mampu berkomunikasi secara lisan dan bertulis dengan berkesan di kalangan

komuniti saintifik dan awam.

HPP6: Berkebolehan mendapat, mengurus dan menggunakan maklumat terkini secara sistematik dan berkesan.

HPP7: Mempunyai dorongan yang tinggi untuk belajar sepanjang hayat.


dan persekitaran dalam masyarakat. HPP9: Memiliki pengetahuan asas keusahawanan dan pengurusan hasil penyelidikan bagi

tujuan pembangunan dan pengkomersialan demi kepentingan kelestarian




pilihan. Calon-calon adalah digalakkan mengembangkan minat masing-masing melalui projek penyelidikan yang dimulakan dari semester pertama dan akan diselia oleh kakitangn

akdemik UKM bersama para pakar dan saintis daripada institusi yang terlibat. Calon


dinilai.


267


I

STPD6014 Kaedah

Penyelidikan

STAP6064 Sistem

Maklumat

Geografi dan

Penderiaan

Jauh

STAP6974 Projek

Penyelidikan I

STAL6013 Ekologi Marin

Lanjutan

STAL6033 Mikrobiologi Dan

Bioteknologi

Marin

STAL6213 Oseanografi

Pesisir Pantai dan

Estuari

21

II STAP6986 Projek

Penyelidikan II

STAL6023 Marikultur

STAL6043 Pengurusan Dan

Pemuliharaan

Sumber Marin

STAL6103 Kimia Marin

Lanjutan

STAL6034 Kaedah Analisis

Data Dalam Sains

Marin

19

JUMLAH 18 22 40




STAP6974 Projek Penyelidikan I STAP6986 Projek Penyelidikan II

STAL6013 Ekologi Marin Lanjutan

STAL6023 Marikultur STAL6033 Mikrobiologi dan Bioteknologi Marin

STAL6034 Kaedah Analisis Data Dalam Sains Marin

STAL6043 Pengurusan dan Pemuliharaan Sumber Marin STAL6103 Kimia Marin Lanjutan

STAL6213 Oseanografi Pesisir Pantai dan Estuari

Kandungan Kursus

STAL6013 Ekologi Marin Lanjutan Dalam kursus ini, ekologi marin akan dibincangkan secara mendalam dengan memberi

penumpuan kepada lautan tropika dan subtropika. Aspek pertama yang akan dibincangkan

adalah penghasilan primer dan sekunder. Ini diikuti oleh perbincangan mengenai dinamik populasi pengguna, persaingan antara pengguna dan hubungan antara pengguna dan

penghasil. Selanjutnya struktur dan dinamik komuniti marin akan dibincangkan yang akan


268

merangkumi struktur trofik, struktur taksonomi, dinamik ruang dan perkembangan

komuniti. Selepas itu akan dibincangkan proses-proses dan kitaran biogeokimia yang

berfungsi dalam sekitaran marin. Bahagian akhir kursus ini akan menumpu kepada proses perubahan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang yang terdapat dalam sekitaran marin dan

kesan perubahan-perubahan ini terhadap komuniti marin.

Bacaan Asas Barnabé, G. & Barnabé-Quet, R. 2000. Ecology and Management of Coastal Waters: The

Aquatic Environment. London: Praxis Publishings.

Levinton, J.S. 2001. Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Tait, R.V. & Dipper, F. 1998. Elements of Marine Ecology. London: Butterworth-

Heinemann. Valiela, I. 1995. Marine Ecological Processes. 2

nd Ed. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Wolanski, E. 2000. Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

STAL6023 Marikultur Kursus ini akan membincangkan secara lebih terperinci perkembangan industri kultur

organisma marin seperti spesies-spesies ikan terpilih, kerang-kerangan, sefalopoda,

krustasea serta spesies haiwan laut lain yang berpotensi. Tajuk-tajuk yang akan dibincangkan bermula dari aspek-aspek teknikal dalam pemilihan tapak, penyediaan kolam

atau sangkar sistem air masin, pengendalian dan pengawalan stok kultur haiwan, keperluan

zat makanan serta formulasi makanan, pengangkutan spesies haiwan marin hidup, dan pengurusan ekonomi marikultur. Kursus ini juga akan memberi penekanan terhadap

kajian kes melalui lawatan-lawatan di tapak marikultur terpilih di Semenanjung Malaysia.

Bacaan Asas Coimbra, J. (pnyt.). 2000. Modern Aquaculture in Coastal Zone: Lesson and

Opportunities. Amsterdam: IOS Press.

De Silva, S.S. 1998. Tropical Mariculture. New York: Academic Press. McVey, J.P. 1992. Handbook of Mariculture Vol 2: Finfish Aquaculture. Baco Raton:

CRC Press.

Parker, R. 2000. Aquaculture Science. 2nd

Ed. New York: Delmar Publisher.

Stickney, R.R. & McVey, J.P. 2002. Responsible Marine Aquaculture. New York: CABI Publisher.

STAL6033 Mikrobiologi dan Bioteknologi Marin Kursus ini akan membincangkan secara lebih terperinci aktiviti mikrorganisma dalam

lautan. Pengajian dalam mikrobiologi molekul marin yang mencakupi beberapa proses

termasuklah bioremediasi dalam degradasi hidrokarbon, interaksi mikrob dengan logam dan pengadaptasian mikrob terhadap tekanan dan suhu lautan ekstrim akan diberi

penekanan. Selain daripada itu, aspek-aspek bioaktif metabolit yang terlibat dalam aktiviti

interaksi simbiotik mikrorganisma marin juga turut dibincangkan. Pengajian di atas adalah

seiring dengan pendekatan bioteknologi khususnya dalam pencirian sistematik mikrorganisma marin dan bioremediasi. Kaedah-kaedah amali akan menumpu kepada


269

kaedah-kaedah pengekstraksian DNA, proses PCR, penjujukan gen serta pengurusan dan

analisis data.

Bacaan Asas Barlett, D.H. 1999. Molecular Marine Microbiology. JMMB Symposium Series Jil. 1.

England: Horizon Scientific Press.

Beveridge, T.J. & Doyle, R.J. (pnyt.). 1989. Metal Ions and Bacteria. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dunny, G.M. & Winans, S.C. (pnyt.). 1999. Cell-cell Signaling in Bacteria. Washington

D.C: American Society Microbiology Press. Griffin, A.M. & Griffin, H.G. (pnyt.). 1995. Molecular Biology: Curing Innovative and

Future Trend. England: Horizon Scientific Press.

Le Gal, Y. & Halvorson, H.O. (pnyt.). 1998. New Developments in Marine Biotechnology. New York: Plenum Press.

STAL6034 Kaedah Analisis Data Untuk Sains Marin Kajian oseanografi and kajian iklim/meteorologi biasanya melibatkan penggunaan data bertaburan reruang dan masa yang kompleks. Data-data ini disimpan dalam pelbagai

format untuk memudahkan transmisi data yang melimpah melalui internet. Kursus ini akan

memperkenalkan teknik-teknik pemprosesan format-format data tersebut. Beberapa pakej perisian yang biasanya digunakan akan diperkenalkan. Selain itu, beberapa teknik terbaru

dalam penganalisaan data-data taburan reruang dan masa turut akan dibincangkan. Teknik-

teknik penganalisaan ini termasuklah analisis reruang, analisis siri masa moden dan juga analisis reruang-masa secara serentak. Bacaan Asas Emery, W.J. & Thompson, R.E. 2004. Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography.

Armsterdam: Elsevier. Mitchell, A. 2005. GIS Analysis. Spatial Measurements & Statistics. California:ESRI

Press.

Wilks, D.S. 2006. Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences. 2nd

Ed. London: Elsevier, Academic Press.

Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. 2007. Using Multivariate Statistic. 5th Ed. London: Allyn

and Bacon.

Trauth, M.H., Gebbers, R., Sillmann, E. & Marwan N. 2006. Matlab Recipes for Earth Sciences. Verlag: Birkhäuser.

STAL6043 Pengurusan dan Pemuliharaan Sumber Marin Kursus ini akan membincangkan aktiviti eksploitasi manusia terhadap sumber perikanan

pesisiran pantai dan laut lepas. Sejarah dan aliran eksploitasi sumber perikanan sejagat

bagi spesies-spesies ikan komersil terpilih, status dan tahap pengurusan sumber perikanan dunia dan kaedah pemodelan yang digunakan bagi menilai status stok perikanan marin.

Perbincangan terperinci juga akan ditumpukan kepada perkembangan terkini dalam aspek

pemuliharaan sumber marin tersebut yang merangkumi polisi dan perundangan berkaitan

dengan pengurusan dan pemuliharaan sumber marin.


270

Bacaan Asas De Silva, S. S. 1998. Tropical Mariculture. New York: Academic Press.

Gulland, J.A. (Ed.). 1988. Fish Population Dynamics: The Implications for Management. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Ross, M.R. 1996. Fisheries Conservation and Management. New York: Prentice Hall.

Scovazzi, T. 1999. Marine Specially Protected Area: The General Aspects and The

Mediterranean Regional System. New York: Kluwer Law International. Torell, M. & Salamanca, A.M. (Eds.) 2002. Institutional issues and perspectives in the

management of fisheries and coastal resources in Southeast Asia. ICLARM Technical

Report 60.

STAL6103 Kimia Marin Lanjutan Kursus ini adalah lanjutan dari kimia marin asas yang akan menekankan kepada beberapa aspek yang penting dalam sistem lautan. Proses yang mengawal komposisi air laut dan

taburan spesies kimia dalam sistem lautan. Perbincangan akan tertumpu kepada sifat-sifat

kimia marin yang berlaku yang mempunyai perkaitan di antara lantai lautan, ruang udara

dan organisma marin. Perbincangan isu terkini mengenai penyelidikan dalam bidang kimia marin akan diadakan.

Bacaan Asas Alison, B.D. & Alyn, C.D. 1999. Fundamentals of Oceanography. New York: McGraw-

Hill.

Chester, R. 1989. Marine Geochemistry. London: Unwin Hyman. Frank, J.M. & Mary, L.S. 1991. Chemical Oceanography. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Ivanovich, M. & Harmon, R.S. 1982. Uranium Series Disequilibrium: Application to

Environmental Problem. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Summerhayes, C.P. & Thorpe, S.A. 1996. Oceanography. New York: Manson Publ.

STAL6213 Oseanografi Pesisir Pantai dan Estuari Kursus ini memberikan pemahaman mendalam bagi proses-proses oseanografi fizikal di kawasan persisiran, pelantar laut dan estuari. Bahagian pertama kursus merangkumi aspek-

aspek fizikal estuari termasuk pengelasan estuari, peredaran, penstrataan, proses campuran

serta pengaruh gelombang dan pasang-surut. Pengangkutan sedimen dan bahan pencemar

di kawasan estuari turut dibincangkan. Bahagian kedua merangkumi proses-proses oseanografi fizikal di kawasan persisiran dan pelantar laut termasuk proses campuran,

pengaruh gelombang dan pasang-surut, peredaran dan arus, penstrataan dan perenggan.

Penukaran antara pelantar laut dan lautan terbuka juga turut dibincang.

Bacaan Asas Brown J., Colling, A., Park, D., Phillips, J., Rothery, D. & Wright, J. (Open University

Course Team). 1997. Waves, Tides and Shallow-Water Processes. Chichester:

Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.

Massel, S.R. 1989. Hydrodynamics of Coastal Zones. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific

Publ. Co.


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Pickard, G.L. & Emery, W.J. 1982. Descriptive Physical Oceanography. New York:

Pergamon Press.

Prandle, D. 1995. Dynamics and Exchanges in Estuaries and Coastal Zone. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Soulsby, R.L. 1997. Dynamics of Marine Sands: A Manual for Practical Applications.

London: Thomas Telford Publications.

Postgraduate Prospectus, FST, Session 2014-2015

272

GRADUATE STUDIES PROGRAMME FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

INTRODUCTION

The Faculty of Science and Technology (FST) was established officially on the 19th.

of July, 1999 as a result of the restructuring of four science-based faculties, namely the

Faculty of Life Sciences, Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences and Faculty of Science and Natural Resources. The Faculty of Science

and Technology strives to be the centre of excellence in teaching, research and community

services. FST encourages multidisciplinary and innovative research towards attaining

national and international recognition. Programmes offered are based on the expertise available at the five schools in the Faculty. They are:

School of Biosciences and Biotechnology

School of Applied Physics

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology

School of Mathematical Sciences

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences

OBJECTIVES OF THE FST GRADUATE STUDIES PROGRAMME

To provide a pool of future leaders and researchers for the nation.

To encourage and promote research culture in basic and applied sciences.

To provide opportunities for graduate students to do research independently and

receive the best of education and supervision.

To construct quality leadership in the acquiring of knowledge in science and

technology and enhance critical analysis skills.

To offer and emphasize on the importance of life long learning.

DEGREES OFFERED

The Masters and Doctor of Philosophy degrees offered by the five schools in the Faculty of

Science and Technology are as follows: School of Biosciences and Biotechnology Doctor of Philosophy (Biochemistry)

Doctor of Philosophy (Botany) Doctor of Philosophy (Genetics)

Doctor of Philosophy (Microbiology)

Doctor of Philosophy (Zoology)


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Master of Science (Biochemistry)

Master of Science (Molecular Biology)

Master of Science (Plant Biotechnology) Master of Science (Microbiology)

Master of Science (Animal Science)

Master of Science (Plant Science)

School of Applied Physics Doctor of Philosophy (Physics) Doctor of Philosophy (Materials Science)

Doctor of Philosophy (Nuclear Science)

Doctor of Philosophy (Industrial Safety Management) Master of Science (Physics)

Master of Science (Materials Science)

Master of Science (Nuclear Science)

Master of Science (Applied Physics) Master of Science (Energy Technology)

Master of Science (Radiation and Nuclear Safety)

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology Doctor of Philosophy (Chemistry) Doctor of Philosophy (Food Science)

Doctor of Philosophy (Nutrition)

Master of Science (Chemistry)

Master of Science (Food Science) Master of Science (Nutrition)

School of Mathematical Sciences Doctor of Philosophy (Mathematics)

Doctor of Philosophy (Quality and Productivity Improvement)

Doctor of Philosophy (Statistics) Master of Science (Mathematics)

Master of Science (Quality and Productivity Improvement)

Master of Science (Statistics)

School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences

Doctor of Philosophy (Biology)

Doctor of Philosophy (Geology) Doctor of Philosophy (Ocean Science)


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Doctor of Philosophy (Environmental Sciences)

Master of Science (Biology)

Master of Science (Botany) Master of Science (Genetics)

Master of Science (Geology)

Master of Science (Ocean Science)

Master of Science (Environmental Sciences) Master of Science (Zoology)

Master of Science (Conservation Biology)

Master of Science (Entomology) Master of Science (Plant Systematic)

Master of Science (Management Plant Genetic Resources)

Master of Science (Engineering Geophysics and Environment) Master of Science (Engineering Geology)

Master of Science (Industrial Mineral)

Master of Science (Environmental Assessment and Monitoring)

Master of Science (Marine Science)

PROGRAMME OF STUDY

Doctor of Philosophy

All candidates are required to register for STPD6014 Research Methodology and to register for thesis for each semester. Students are required to schedule meetings with their

supervisor or supervision committee for no less than 40 hours per semester for full time

students and 20 hours per semester for part-time students.

Master of Science

Thesis Candidates are required to take 8 – 14 credit hours of coursework (depending on the

programme requirement) including the Research Methodology (STPD6014) course and

complete a research thesis. Should a candidate perform extremely well (CGPA > 3.67), he or she can apply for a conversion to the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) programme.

Course Work Candidates have to register and pass 40-46 credit hours of coursework including Research

Projects. Units for the research projects are between 8 and 10. If the candidates are require

to take prerequisite courses, all the courses must be completed with a minimum B grade

for every course prior to continuing with the Master level courses.


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CONVERSION OF MASTERS TO DOCTOR OF PHILOSHOPY PROGRAMME

Students can apply for conversion after the second semester and not later than the end of

the third semester of their studies. The conversion is only available to students registered

by thesis only.

Conditions for the conversion:

1. The candidate must achieve CGPA of not less than 3.67.

2. This conversion is available only to full time students.

3. The candidate must have a good research work report from his or her supervisor.

4. The application must be supported by the supervisor. 5. The candidate has to submit a research proposal for the Doctor of Philosophy

programmed to the respective school.

6. The candidate has to make a presentation of research report and proposal to the respective School.

7. The school will prepare a special report to the Faculty for approval.

8. The faculty will send the approval report to the Centre of Graduate Studies for notification to the student.

FACULTY COURSES

Students who enroll for the Post-Doctoral and Master of Science programmed are compulsory to register and pass the Research Methodology (STPD6014) course except

students that already registered when their registered as Master of Science at FST. This

course conduct by several lecture at least one lecture from each school.

STPD6014 Research Methodology The objective of this course is to give an overview and methods of conducting a scientific

research. The ethical aspects on research principles and the role of researchers will be addressed. Techniques on literature research, experimental design, preparation of a

research proposal, oral and written presentation of results, and an introduction to research

activities at FST are the topics categorized under research management. Issues discussed under research regulations and legalities include intellectual property and asset, safety in

work place and the UKM thesis format.

References Bainbridge, D. 1998. Intellectual Property. 3rd. Edition. London: Pitman.

Day, R.A. 1998. How to Write & Publish a Scientific Paper. 5th. Ed. Phoenix: Orxy Press.

Greenfield, T. 2001. Research Method for Postgraduates. 2nd. Ed. London: An Arnold Publ. Ismail Ahmad. 1996. Penulisan Saintifik. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Palya, W.L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. 5th. Ed. Jacksonville, Alabama:

Jacksonville State University.


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PROGRAMME OUTCOME (PO) PO1: Fully aware and appreciate that empowering science and technology through

research is one of the challenges for a nation to be a developed country.

PO2: Able to plan and conduct quality research independently through minimum

supervision. PO3: Able to deliver effectively, in written and orally the research findings to target

group.

PO4: Having in-depth knowledge in the mastered field of study. PO5: Able to analyze, synthesize and deliberate issues in basic and applied sciences.

PO6: Knowledgeable and able to disseminate research culture in basic and applied

sciences. PO7: Willingness to explore and gain knowledge through life-long learning.

PO8: Capable of leading research.

PO9: Knowledgeable in economic value and legal aspects of research.

COURSE OUTCOME (CO)

CO1: Able to plan a scientific research.

CO2: Able to deliver effectively, in written and orally the research findings to target group.

CO3: Knowledgeable in the philosophy and ethic in conducting research.

CO4: Knowledgeable in the role of researcher and the importance of research.

CO5: Capable of preparing a dissertation according to required format. CO6: Aware of the legal and commercial aspects of research findings.


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SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY


278

SCHOOL OF BIOSCIENCES AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Introduction The postgraduate programmes offered are by thesis only. These programmes emphasize

the exploration and appreciation of the living world based on the latest approach and

focused on the national development of science, technology and industry. The programmes are supported by courses which give a strong foundation and perspective in bioscience.

Research Areas and Degrees Offered Research conducted at the School of Biosciences and Biotechnology focused in priority

areas of biosciences that include: Gene Structure and Function, Genomics and

Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Animal Science, Structural Biology, Environmental Biotechnology, Plant Biotechnology, Host-Microbe Interaction,

Developmental Biology, Signal Transduction, Biology of Natural Products, Biology of

Mammalian Cells and Fermentation Technology. Each field of research generates new knowledge and technology which are targeted towards the development of national

biotechnology.

The degrees awarded are as follows:

Doctor of Philosophy (Biochemistry)

Doctor of Philosophy (Botany)

Doctor of Philosophy (Genetics)

Doctor of Philosophy (Microbiology)

Doctor of Philosophy (Zoology)

Master of Science (Biochemistry)

Master of Science (Molecular Biology)

Master of Science (Plant Biotechnology)

Master of Science (Microbiology)

Master of Science (Animal Science)

Master of Science (Plant Science)

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for the postgraduate programmes must have the following

qualifications:

Doctor of Philosophy Programme

a) Master of Science degree from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or any other universities approved by the Senate; or

b) Other qualifications equivalent to a Master of Science and qualifications or experience

approved by the Senate; or


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c) Currently following a Master of Science programme in Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia and endorsed by the Faculty Graduate Student Studies Committee to change

status to a Doctor of Philosophy programme; or d) Degree in Science or other equivalent qualification with a Cumulative Grade Point

Average (CGPA) of at least 3.67 from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or any other

universities approved by the Senate.

Master of Science Programme a) Bachelor of Science degree with a good Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)

from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or any other universities approved by the Senate; or

b) Doctor of Medicine from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or any other equivalent

degree from any other universities approved by the Senate; or

c) Other qualifications equivalent to a Bachelor in Science and other qualifications or

experience approved by the Senate.

Programme Structure


All candidates are required to register for STPD6014 Research Methodology and Research

Project in each semester. Students are required to schedule meetings with their supervisor or supervision committee for no less than 40 hours per semester for full time students and

20 hours per semester for part-time students. A thesis must be produced at the end of the

programme.

Master of Science

Programmes offered by School of Biosciences and Biotechnology are by thesis only. All

candidates required to register and pass 12 credit hours of courses. Candidates are required

to register for Research Project in each academic semester and thesis will be produced at the end of the programme.

The required 12 credit hours units of courses should be made up of 8 credit hours of

core courses and 4 credit hours of elective courses, respectively. The core courses include STPD6014 Research Methodology offered by the faculty and other courses offered by the

school. Candidates can choose from any available elective courses offered by the school.

Candidates are required to schedule meetings with their supervisor or postgraduate

committee for no less than 26 hours per semester for full-time students and 13 hours per semester for part-time candidates.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (BIOCHEMISTRY)

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME (PEO)

PEO1: To produce graduates with intellectual aptitude and expertise in biochemistry. PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of biochemistry in career development.


280

PEO3: To apply knowledge in biochemistry to lead and contribute towards the progress of

the fields that serves the needs and well-being of society.

PEO4: To develop the ability of creative and critical thinking for knowledge advancement.

PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate biochemistry in a broader knowledge

framework.

PEO6: To strengthen effective communication skills of national and international standings.

PROGRAMME OUTCOME (PO)

PO1: Able to contribute key concepts in biochemistry, molecular biology and related

areas in the development of society and industries. PO2: Able to apply knowledge and expertise in decision making and problems solving.

PO3: Able to critically design experiments, analyse, interpret and integrate data.

PO4: Possess sound scientific communication skills and able to work as a team.

PO5: Able to source, retrieve and use scientific information related to the discipline and possess skills necessary for life-long learning.

PO6: Aware of ethical and contemporary issues in biochemistry and related areas.

PO7: Adequately informed and able to address issues pertaining to safety of products and procedures which could pose risks to public health and the environment.

PO8: Able and ready to disseminate knowledge and expertise.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (BOTANY)


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the botany knowledge holistically.

PEO2: To produce a graduate who was competent in soft skills.

PEO3: To produce a graduate who has the awareness towards environment.

PEO4: To produce a graduate who was able to contribute to other disciplines in order to give impetus to the national and global development.

PEO5: To develop effective communication skills of national and international standings.


PO1: A solid foundation in botanical science which can contribute to other disciplines. PO2: Have an in-depth knowledge in botanical science and be able to identify problems

and formulate corrective action.

PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate knowledge in botanical science effectively.

PO4: Competent in conducting research and development in botanical science and possess creative and innovative skills.

PO5: Possess moral, ethical and professional values and show a concern for the

environment.


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PO6: Capable of interacting and communicating effectively.

PO7: Possess good entrepreneurship and leadership skills.

PO8: Willingness to explore and practice life-long learning. PO9: Possess a high degree of confidence, self-esteem and open mindedness.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (GENETICS) PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME (PEO)

PEO1: To produce graduates with intellectual aptitude and expertise in genetic. PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of genetic in career development.

PEO3: To apply knowledge in genetic to lead and contribute towards the progress of the

field that serve the needs and well-being of society.


PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate genetic in a broader knowledge framework.



PO1: Able to contribute key concepts in genetic and related areas in the development of

society and industries. PO2: Able to apply knowledge and expertise in decision making and problems solving.


PO4: Possess sound scientific communication skills and able to work as a team. PO5: Able to source, retrieve and use scientific information related to the discipline and

possess skills necessary for life-long learning.

PO6: Aware of ethical and contemporary issues in genetic and related areas.



DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (MICROBIOLOGY)


PEO1: To produce graduates with intellectual aptitude and expertise in microbiology. PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of microbiology in career development.

PEO3: To apply knowledge in microbiology to lead and contribute towards the progress

of the fields that serves the needs and well-being of society. PEO4: To develop the ability of creative and critical thinking for knowledge

advancement.


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PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate microbiology in a broader knowledge

framework.


PROGRAMME OUTCOME (PO) PO1: Able to contribute key concepts in microbiology, molecular biology and related

areas in the development of society and industries.

PO2: Able to apply knowledge and expertise in decision making and problems solving. PO3: Able to critically design experiments, analyse, interpret and integrate data.



PO6: Aware of ethical and contemporary issues in microbiology and related areas.

PO7: Adequately informed and able to address issues pertaining to safety of products

and procedures which could pose risks to public health and the environment. PO8: Able and ready to disseminate knowledge and expertise.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (ZOOLOGY)


PEO1: To produce graduates with intellectual aptitude and expertise in zoology. PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of zoology in career development.

PEO3: To apply knowledge in zoology to lead and contribute towards the progress in the

field that serves the needs and well-being of society. PEO4: To develop the ability of creative and critical thinking for knowledge

advancement.

PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate zoology in a broader knowledge framework.



PO1: Able to contribute key concepts in zoology, molecular biology and related areas in

the development of society and industries. PO2: Able to apply knowledge and expertise in decision making and problems solving.




PO6: Aware of ethical and contemporary issues in zoology and related areas.


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and procedures which could pose risks to public health and the environment.


MASTER OF SCIENCE (BIOCHEMISTRY)

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME (PEO) PEO1: To inculcate knowledge and understanding of biochemistry at master level and

their effect towards life.

PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of biochemistry in career development. PEO3: To apply knowledge in biochemistry for research, conservation of environment

and societal development.

PEO4: To develop the ability of creative and critical thinking for knowledge

advancement. PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate biochemistry in a broader knowledge

framework.



PO1: Able to understand advanced concepts in biochemistry, molecular biology and

related areas in molecular biosciences.

PO2: Able to apply practical skills in biochemistry, molecular biology and related areas

in molecular biosciences. PO3: Able to design experiments, to analyse and interpret data critically.


PO5: Able to continuously acquire related scientific knowledge necessary for life-long learning.

PO6: Possess the awareness of ethical and contemporary issues in related fields.


and procedures which could pose risks to public health and the environment. PO8: Possess entrepreneurial and managerial skills in related fields.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (MOLECULAR BIOLOGY)


PEO1: To inculcate knowledge and understanding of molecular biology at master‟s level and effects towards life.

PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of molecular biology in career development.

PEO3: To apply knowledge in molecular biology for research, conservation of environment and societal development.


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advancement.

PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate molecular biology in a broader knowledge framework.

PEO6: To develop effective communication skills of national and international standing.


PO1: Able to understand advanced concepts in modern biotechnology, molecular

biology and related areas in molecular biosciences. PO2: Able to apply practical skills in modern biotechnology, molecular biology and


PO3: Able to design experiments, to analyse and interpret data critically. PO4: Possess sound scientific communication skills and able to work as a team.

PO5: Able to continuously acquire related scientific knowledge necessary for life-long

learning.

PO6: Possess the awareness of ethical and contemporary issues in related fields. PO7: Adequately informed and able to address issues pertaining to safety of products


PO8: Possess entrepreneurial and managerial skills in related fields.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY)


PEO1: To inculcate knowledge and understanding of plant biotechnology at master level

and their efforts towards life. PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of plant biotechnology in career development.

PEO3: To apply knowledge in plant biotechnology for research, conservation of

environment and societal development.


PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate plant biotechnology in a broader knowledge

framework. PEO6: To develop effective communication skills of national and international standings.


PO1: Ability to understand advanced concepts in plant science and its improtance in the

plant based products.

PO2: Ability to transfer principles and results from basic and applied sciences of plant biotechnology field to the development of ideas.

PO3: Ability to design experiments, to analyse and interpret data critically.

PO4: Ability to communicate scientifically and able to work as a team.


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PO5: Ability to analyse and comprehend existing knowledge and to transfer knowledge

to develop hypotheses and evaluate their usefulness in the context of a given

problem. PO6: Ability to understand the awareness of ethical and contemporary issues in the field

of plant biotechnology.

PO7: Ability to create awareness towards safety of products and procedures which could

pose risks to public health and the environment. PO8: Ability to understand the entrepreneurial and managerial skills in plant

biotechnology.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (MICROBIOLOGY)

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO)

PEO1: To inculcate knowledge and understanding of microbiology at the master‟s level

and their effects towards life.

PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of microbiology in career development PEO3: To apply knowledge in microbiology for research, conservation of environment



PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate microbiology in a broader knowledge

framework.



PO1: Able to understand advanced concepts in microbiology, molecular biology and


PO2: Able to apply practical skills in microbiology, molecular biology and related areas in molecular biosciences.

PO3: Able to design experiments, to analyse and interpret data critically.

PO4: Possess sound scientific communication skills and able to work as a team. PO5: Able to continuously acquire related scientific knowledge necessary for life-long

learning.

PO6: Possess the awareness of ethical and contemporary issues in related fields. PO7: Adequately informed and able to address issues pertaining to safety of products




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MASTER OF SCIENCE (ANIMAL SCIENCE)


PEO1: To inculcate knowledge and understanding of animal science at the master‟s level and their effects towards life.

PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge related to animal sciences in career development.

PEO3: To apply knowledge in animal sciences for research, conservation of environment and societal development.


advancement. PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate animal sciences in a broader knowledge

framework.

PEO6: To strengthen effective communication skills of national and international

standings.


PO1: Able to understand advanced concepts in animal sciences, molecular biology and


PO2: Able to apply practical skills in animal sciences, molecular biology and related areas in molecular biosciences.

PO3: Able to design experiments, to analyse and interpret data critically.


PO5: Able to continuously acquire related scientific knowledge necessary for life-long learning.

PO6: Possess the awareness of ethical and contemporary issues in related fields.



MASTER OF SCIENCE (PLANT SCIENCE)


PEO1: To impart knowledge and critical understanding in plant sciences at the master‟s

level and their effects towards life.

PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of plant sciences in career development. PEO3: To apply knowledge in plant sciences for research, conservation of environment




287

PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate plant sciences in a broader knowledge

framework.



288


PO1: Able to understand advanced concepts in plant sciences and related areas in molecular biosciences.

PO2: Able to apply practical skills in plant sciences and related areas in molecular

biosciences.

PO3: Able to design experiments, to analyse and interpret data critically. PO4: Possess sound scientific communication skills and able to work as a team.

PO5: Able to continuously acquire related scientific knowledge necessary for life-long

learning. PO6: Possess the awareness of ethical and contemporary issues in related fields.


and procedures which could pose risks to public health and the environment. PO8: Possess entrepreneurial and managerial skills in related fields.

Candidates are required to register for the following courses:

CORE COURSES ELECTIVE COURSES TOTAL

STPD6014 Research Methodology

STBP6244 Current Developments

in Molecular and

Cellular Biology

or STBP6254 Biotechnology

Management

STBP6262 Bioinformatics

STBP6342 Bioprocess Technology

STBP6352 Molecular Phylogeny

STBP6362 Signalling and Regulation

of Cellular Development

STBP6442 Cancer Cell Biology

STBP6452 Molecular Mechanism of

Pathogenicity

STBP6662 Current Topics and

Innovation in Plant Science

8 4 12

Courses Offered


STBP6244 Current Developments in Molecular and Cellular Biology

STBP6254 Biotechnology Management STBP6262 Bioinformatics

STBP6342 Bioprocess Technology

STBP6352 Molecular Phylogeny STBP6362 Signalling and Regulation of Cellular Development

STBP6442 Cancer Cell Biology

STBP6452 Molecular Mechanism of Pathogenicity

STBP6662 Current Topics and Innovation in Plant Science


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Course Contents

STBP6244 Current Developments in Molecular and Cellular Biology Cell and molecular biology is a subject emphasizing the study of cell function at the

cellular and molecular levels, and how the cells control gene expression. This course is

designed to provide a forum to discuss current issues and technology developments in the field of cell and molecular biology. Exciting applications on how we use these

technologies to understand the development of fight diseases, how molecular system

influence cellular behaviour, interactions and production of therapeutics products will be discussed. Selected topics will include the human genome and proteome project, new

approaches in biomarker discovery, and therapeutics using selected disease models.

Scientific progress which impacted on social and economy of mankind and its environment

will also be emphasized. References Bernot, A. 2007. Genome, Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis. Chichester: John Wiley

& Sons

Gellissen, G. (Ed.) 2005. Production of Recombinant Proteins: Novel Microbial and

Eukaryotic Expression Systems. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Holland, S., Lebacqz, K. & Zoloth, L. 2001. The Human Embryonic Stem Cell Debate:

Science, Ethic and Public Policy. Massachussetts: MIT Press.

Janitz, M. (Ed.). 2008. Next-generation Genome Sequencing: Towards Personalized

Medicine. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Pennington, S. & Dunn, M.J. (Ed.). 2001. Proteomics: From Protein Sequence to

Function. Amsterdam: Springer Verlag.

STBP6254 Biotechnology Management This course discusses important topics on biotechnology industry. Initially, students will be

exposed to concepts and policies of the national biotechnology for the economy growth.

The organization structure and mechanisms for the biotechnology development will be discussed at length in this course. In addition, the business aspects and management of

biotechnology organizations will also be discussed. Students will also be exposed on the

intellectual property and technology management for manufacturing biotechnology products. The application of good manufacturing practice for biotechnology and

pharmaceutical products will be discussed. Methods of starting, managing, and

strengthening biotechnology companies will be discussed according to the business development, entrepreneurship, careers, investing, science, patents and regulations.

Matters on joint cooperation, legal aspects and corporate policy on product development

and finance as well as the corporate culture, marketing and entrepreneurship are also

discussed.

References Austin, M. 2008. Business Development For The Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical

Industry. London: Gower Publishing Limited.


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Chiesa, V. & Chiaroni, D. 2005. Industrial Clusters in Biotechnology: Driving Forces,

Development Processes and Management Practices. London: Imperial College Press.

Cohen, J.I. 2000. Managing Agricultural Biotechnology: Addressing Research Program Needs and Policy Implications (Biotechnology in Agricultural Series, No.23). New

York: CAB International.

Friedman, Y. 2006. Building Biotechnology: Starting, Managing, and Understanding

Biotechnology Companies - Business Development, Entrepreneurship, Careers, Investing, Science, Patents and Regulations. Washington: Logos Press.

Friedman, Y. 2008. Best Practices in Biotechnology Business Development: Valuation,

Licensing, Cash Flow, Pharmacoeconomics, Market Selection, Communication, and Intellectual Property. Washington: Logos Press.

STBP6262 Bioinformatics This course is aimed to introduce students on how to access the data archives of genomes

and proteins, the tools that have been developed to work with these archives, and the

questions that these data and tools can answer. The students are required to have

knowledge in molecular biology and able to use a computer. This course will train students to conduct bioinformatics analysis.

References Baxevanis, A.D. & Ouellette, B.F.F. 2005. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide To The

Analysis of Genes and Proteins. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken,

Brown, T.A. 2002. Genomes. 2nd. Ed. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books.

Higgs, P.G. & Attwood, T.K. 2005. Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution. Oxford:

Blackwell Science.

Lesk, A.M. 2008. Introduction to Bioinformatics. New York: Oxford University Press Inc. Nei, M. & Kumar, S. 2000. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford: Oxford

University Press.

STBP6342 Bioprocess Technology This course discusses the culturing of microbes to produce biotechnology related products.

It combines elements from microbiology, biochemistry and process engineering. This

course covers upstream, production and downstream aspects and their impact on the environment. This will involve development assessment and the efficiency of inoculums

cells, medium formulation, bioreactor design and operating system, control systems,

kinetics and quantitative analysis of growth, scale-up, design of processing plant, bio separation, waste and water treatment and process economics. It also emphasizes new

approaches and technologies such as high density culture, production of products and

recombinant proteins.

References El-Mansi, E.M.T., Bryce, C.F.A., Demain, A.L. & Allman, A.R. 2011. Fermentation

Microbiology and Biotechnology. Florida: CRC Press.


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Harrison, R.G., Todd, P.W., Rudge, S.R., & Petridges, D. 2003. Bioseparations Science

and engineering. New York: Oxford University Press

McNeil, B. & Harvey, L. 2008. Practical Fermentation Technology. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Mitchell, D.A., Krieger, N. & Berovic, M. 2006. Solid-state Fermentation Bioreactors:

Fundamentals of Design and Operation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Seader, J.D. & Henley, E.J. 2011. Separation Process Principles. 2nd. Ed. New York: John Wiley.

STBP6352 Molecular Phylogeny The course will discuss concepts in phylogeny analysis based on molecular data with

reference to certain examples and comparison to earlier approach. Emphasis will be given

to recent molecular methods. Students also have a chance to use several software for analysis.

References Baxevanis, A. D. & Ouellette, B. F. F. 2005. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide To The

Analysis of Genes and Proteins. 3rd

Ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons,

Inc.

Higgs, P. G. & Attwood, T. K. 2005. Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution. Oxford: Blackwell Science.

Keller, E. F. 2002. The Century of the Gene. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Lesk, A. M. 2008. Introduction to Genomics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Nei, M. & Kumar, S. 2000. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford: Oxford

University Press.

STBP6362 Signalling and Regulation of Cellular Development This course discusses cell signaling and its functions in a biological system. Pathways in

cell signaling will be discussed. Among the signaling processes which will be covered are

the involvements of G-proteins as information transferring proteins, receptors as information receivers and as secondary messengers. Signaling pathways involved in the

process of cell development will also be discussed. Growth factors, regulation of gene

transcription and their involvement in the cell cycle will also be covered.

References Alberts B., Johnson, A., Lewis, J., Raff, M., Roberts, K. & Walter, P. 2007. Molecular

Biology of the Cell. 5h. Ed. New York: Garland Science, Taylor & Francis Group.

Carraway, K.L. & Carraway, C.A.C. (Ed.) 2000. Cytoskeleton: Signaling and Cell

Regulation: Practical Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Karp, G. 2009. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts And Experiments. 6th Ed. New

Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.

Krauss G. 2013. Biochemistry of Signal Transduction & Regulation. 5th.

Ed. Weinheim:

Wiley-VCH. Lewin, B., Krebs J.E., Kilpatrick, S.T. & Goldstein, E.S. 2011. Lewin’s Gene X.

Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett.


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STBP6442 Cancer Cell Biology This course discusses the fundamentals of cell cycle control and the molecular biology of

structure and intracellular function will be covered in the introduction. Discussions will focus on genetic roles, cytogenetic, immunology and hormone induction, environment of

carcinogenesis, infection agents and disturbance in signal transduction that cause

transformation from normal to cancer cells. Ontogenesis, anti-oncogenes and tumor

suppressor genes will also be covered in this course. Malignancy through various molecular metastasis and angiogenesis mechanisms and mode of action for several

anticancer agents will be discussed.

References Baider, L., Cooper, C. L. & De-Nour, A.P. 2000. Cancer and the Family. 2nd. Ed.

Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. King, R. J. B. & Mike, W. 2006. Cancer Biology. 3rd. Ed. Harlow: Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Mendelsohn, J., Howley, P.M, Israel, M.A, Gray J.W. & Thompson, C.B. 2015. The

Molecular Basis of Cancer. 4th Ed. Philadelphia: W. B.

Metcalf, T. & Metcalf, G. 2008. Cancer and Nutrition: Prevention and Treatment. Detroit: Thomson / Gale.

Missailidis, S. 2007. The Cancer Clock. Chichester : John Wiley & Sons.

STBP6452 Molecular Mechanism of Pathogenicity This course discusses pathogenic mechanisms that fulfill the microbial needs to cause

disease. Among these needs were the adherence to the host surface, invasion into tissue, multiplication within host cells, disruption of the host cell defenses and damage to the host.

The pathogenicity mechanisms of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa or fungi

will be illustrated by examples on virulence factors mode of action. Discussions will also

covers on how these factors acted upon disease pathogenesis.

References Acheson, A.H. 2011. Fundamentals of Molecular Virology. New Jersey: John Wiley &

Sons.

Brogden, K.A., Roth, J.A. & Stanton, T.B. 2000. Virulence Mechanisms of Bacterial

Pathogens. Washington D.C: ASM Press.

Groisman, E. 2001. Principles of Bacterial Pathogenesis. London: Academic Press. Heitman, J., Filler, S.C., Edwards, J.E. & Mitchell, A.P. 2006. Molecular Principles of

Fungal Pathogenesis. Washington: ASM Press.

Mims, C.A., Nash, A. & Stephen, J. 2001. Mims' Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease. 5th

Ed. London: Academic Press.

STBP6662 Current Topics and Innovation in Plant Science This course discusses recent and selected topics in plant science. Emphasize will be given

on development, genome organization and processes involved at the cellular level such as

signal transduction, senescence and response towards biotic and biotic stress. Discussion

also covers several important technologies employed in plant science research. Several important aspects of bio safety and bioethics in plant research will be discussed.


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References Bassett, C.L. 2007. Regulation of Gene Expression in Plants: The Role of Transcript

Structure and Processing. New York: Springer. Buchanan, B. B., Gruissem, W. & Jones R.L. 2000. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

of Plant. Maryland: American Society of Plant Physiologist.

Inze, D. 2007. Cell Cycle Control and Plant Development (Annual Plant Reviews).

London: Blackwell Publishing Limited. Trigiano, R.N. & Gray, D.J. 2007. Plant Development and Biotechnology. Florida: CRC

Press LLC

Varshney, R.K & Koebner, R.M.D. 2007. Model Plants and Crops Improvement. Florida: CRC Press LLC.


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SCHOOL OF APPLIED PHYSICS


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SCHOOL OF APPLIED PHYSICS

Introduction

The School of Applied Physics is constantly venturing into research and development (R&D) in selected fields and offering postgraduate programmes at the level of Masters and

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). Physics is a fundamental knowledge of modern technology.

Postgraduate programmes at PhD level are offered by thesis while the Masters programmes are offered by thesis and coursework. The Masters programmes by thesis are

supported by a few courses that will provide the candidates with essential knowledge

before carrying out research. The Masters programmes by coursework require candidates

to complete a short and focused research project. The Masters programmes (course work) are offered on full time mode.

Research Areas and Degrees Offered The School of Applied Physics offer research in the field of Space Physics, Thin Films,

Mathematical Physics, Physics Education, Medical Physics, Computational Physics,

Nuclear Medicine, Solid State Ionics, Metallurgy, Corrosion, Advanced Carbon, Composite Materials, Magnetic Materials, Ceramics, High Temperature

Superconductivity, Nanotechnology, Biomaterials, Bio-polymer Composites Technology,

Polymer Technology, Pulp and Paper Technology, Renewable Energy, Solar Thermal

Technology, Photovoltaic Technology, Non-destructive Testing, Radiological Impact Assessment, NORM-Contaminated Industrial Waste, Waste Analysis and Treatment,

Radiation Shielding Modeling, Radiation Processing, Nanomaterials Synthesis and

Application, Small-angle Scattering Technique, Glycolipids and Biosurfactants, Soil Remediation, Materials Modification using Radiation, Nuclear Technique in

Environmental Pollution Research, Biological Dosimetry, Nuclear Safety and Security,

Nuclear Technique in Food and Agriculture and Industrial Safety Management.

Degrees offered are Doctor of Philosophy & Master of Science as follows:

Doctor of Philosophy (Physics)

Doctor of Philosophy (Materials Science)

Doctor of Philosophy (Nuclear Science)

Doctor of Philosophy (Industrial Safety Management)

a) Master by thesis

Master of Science (Physics)

Master of Science (Materials Science)

Master of Science (Nuclear Science)

b) Master by coursework

Master of Science (Applied Physics)

Master of Science (Energy Technology)


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c) Master by coursework (Executive)

Master of Science (Industrial Safety Management)

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for the postgraduate programmes must have the following

qualifications: Doctor of Philosophy Programme (Physics, Material Science and Nuclear Science)

a) A Master degree from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved

by the Senate; or

b) Other relevant professional/vocational qualifications or related experience which are recognized as equivalent to a Master degree in Science by the Senate; or

c) Currently pursuing in a Master programme at the Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia and being recommended by the Graduate Studies Committee and the relevant Faculty for conversion to the Doctor of Philosophy programme; or

d) A First Class Honours Degree or equivalent to a Cumulative Grade Point Average

(CGPA) not less than 3.67 from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities


Doctor of Philosophy (Industrial Safety Management) This programme is a continuation of the Post-graduate Diploma in Industrial Safety Management and the Master in Industrial Sagety Management. Candidates wishing to

apply for the above program must fullfilled the following requirement:-

a) A Master degree in Industrial Safety Management from UKM or degree recognized by

the Senate; or

b) Other qualification equivalent to a Master Degree in Science and other qualifications

or experience recognized by the Senate; or c) Presently following a Master programme at UKM and certified by the Graduate

Studies Committee to change the status to a Doctor of Philosophy with permission of

the Faculty.

Master of Science Programme (Applied Physics)

a) Bachelor degree in Physics or courses related to physics, with good cumulative grade point average (CGPA) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities


b) Other relevant professional/vocational qualifications equivalent to bachelor degree in

physics or relevant experience approved by the Senate.

Master of Science Programme (Physics, Energy Technology, Material Science and

Nuclear Science) a) Bachelor degree in Science with good cumulative grade point average (CGPA) from

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate; or


297

b) Other relevant professional/vocational qualifications equivalent to Bachelor degree or

relevant experience approved by the Senate.


a) Bachelor degree in Science with good cumulative grade point average (CGPA) or any

other university approved by the Senate;

b) Post Graduate Diploma in Radiation Protection with a CGPA 3.0 or above or its equivalent approved by the Senate; or

c) Othe qualifications of the same level as a Bachelor in Science or experience approved

by the Senate;

Master of Science (Industrial Safety Management) – Executive

a) Bachelors degree with a Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of 2.7 or above in the fields of Science, Technology or Engineering from UKM or its equivalent


b) Graduate Diploma in Industrial Safety Management from UKM with a CGPA of 3.0 or

above

Structure of Programme

Doctor of Philosophy All candidates of this programme are required to register course STPD6014 Research

Methodology and register for the thesis for each semester until completion of the academic

programme. Students are required to schedule meetings with their supervisor or postgradute committee for no less than 40 hours per semester for full time students and 20

hours per semester for part-time students.

Master of Science

Thesis All candidates of this programme have to register and pass 10 credit hours and register for the thesis for each semester until completion of the academic programme.

The required 10 credit hours of courses should be made up of 4 credit hours of core

courses and 6 credit hours of electives, respectively. The core courses are those offered by the faculty and school of study. The elective courses are courses offered by the school of

study and candidates can choose from any available elective courses offered.

Candidates are required to schedule meetings with their supervisor or postgradute committee for no less than 26 hours per semester for full time students and 13 hours per

semester for part time candidates.

Course Work Candidates for Master of Science (Energy Technology) programme have to register and

pass 42 credit hours course including 10 credit hours for Research Project. Candidates for

Master of Science (Applied Physics) programme have to register and pass 40 credits hour course including 10 credit hours for Research Project.


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Candidates for Master of Science (Radiation and Nuclear Safety) programme have

to register and pass 44 credit hours of courses including Research Project. Units for

Research Project are 8 credit hours. For the Master of Science (Industrial Safety Management) offered in executive mode, candidates must register and pass 40 notional

credits, which include 10 credits for Research Project.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PHYSICS) PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO) PEO1: With outstanding moral and character.

PEO2: Who are able and competent

PEO3: Who are able to apply knowledge of Physics in a scientific manner.

PEO4: Who profess in their professions and commensurate with the demand of development of their time.


PO1: Mastery the physics knowledge up to Phylosofical level.

PO2: Technical competence in materials science with the ability to use scientific methods to design, conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data.

PO3: Ability to identify and solve problems critically, creatively and innovatively in

physics.

PO4: Ability to work effectively as an individual and as a team. PO5: With the ability to communicate verbally and in writing with the scientific

community, and the public at both local and international level.

PO6: With the ability to acquire, manage and apply the state of the art information systematically and effectively.

PO7: Who have high motivation for engaging in research and life-long learning.

PO8: Who understand issues and the need for scientific ethics.

PO9: Who have acquired basic knowledge in entrepreneurship and management with the aim to develop and commercialize research findings for a sustainable community

and environment.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (MATERIALS SCIENCE) PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO)

PEO1: With outstanding moral and character.

PEO2: Who are able and competent. PEO3: Who are able to apply knowledge of Materials Science in a scientific manner.


299

PEO4: Who profess in their professions and commensurate with the demand of

development of their time.

PROGRAMME OUTCOME (PO) PO1: Mastery the Materials Science knowledge in the Phylosofical level.

PO2: Technical competence in materials science with the ability to use scientific

methods to design, conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data. PO3: Ability to identify and solve problems critically, creatively and innovatively in

Materials Science.



PO6: With the ability to acquire, manage and apply the state of the art information

systematically and effectively. PO7: Who have high motivation for engaging in research and life-long learning.



and environment.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (NUCLEAR SCIENCE) PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO)

PEO1: With outstanding moral and character. PEO2: Who are able and competent.

PEO3: Who are able to apply knowledge of Nuclear Science in a scientific manner.

PEO4: Who profess in their professions and commensurate with the demand of development of their time.

PROGRAMME OUTCOME (PO) PO1: Mastery the Nuclear Science knowledge up to Philosophical level.

PO2: Technical competence in nuclear science with the ability to use scientific methods

to design, conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data. PO3: Ability to identify and solve problems critically, creatively and innovatively in

nuclear science.




300

PO6. With the ability to acquire, manage and apply the state of the art information

systematically and effectively.

PO7: Who have high motivation for engaging in research and life-long learning. PO8: Who understand issues and the need for scientific ethic.

PO9: Who have acquired basic knowledge in entrepreneurship and management with the

aim to develop and commercialize research findings for a sustainable community

and environment.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT) PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO)

PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the current industrial safety management knowledge holistically.

PEO2: To produce a graduate who is competent in soft skills.

PEO3: To produce a graduate who has the awareness towards environment. PEO4: To produce a graduate who is able to contribute to other disciplines in order to

give impetus to the national and global development.


PO1: Mastery in industrial safety management knowledge which can contribute to other

disciplines. PO2: Having in-depth technical competence in industrial safety management and able to

undertake problem identification, formulation and solution.

PO3: Be able to practice and disseminate industrial safety management knowledge effectively.

PO4: Competence to conduct research & development in industrial safety management

and possess high creativity and innovative skills. PO5: Possess moral, ethical and professional values and environmentally concern.

PO6: Capable to work skillfully and communicate effectively.

PO7: Possess entrepreneurship and leadership skills effectively.

PO8: Willingness to explore and adopt long life learning. PO9: Possess high confidence, self-esteem and open minded.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (PHYSICS)

Introduction

The Master of Science (Physics) programme by thesis is offered to candidates who intend to further their studies in the field of physics on full time or part time. The programme

offered will allow candidates to carry out research individually. Candidates are also

exposed to courses which will equip them with in depth understanding and knowledge in their research field.


301

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for the postgraduate courses must have the following qualifications:

a) A Bachelor degree in Science with good cumulative grade point average (CGPA) from


b) Other relevant professional/vocational qualifications or relevant experience approved by the Senate.



PEO2: Who are able and competent.

PEO3: Who are able to apply knowledge of physical science in a scientific manner. PEO4: Who profess in their professions and commensurate with the demand of



PO1: Mastery the physical science knowledge. PO2: Technical competence in physical science with the ability to use scientific methods

to design, conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data.


physical science. PO4: Ability to work effectively as an individual and as a team.

PO5: With the ability to communicate verbally and in writing with the scientific

community, and the public at both local and international level. PO6: With the ability to acquire, manage and apply the state of the art information



PO8: Who understand issues and the need for scientific ethics. PO9: Who have acquired basic knowledge in entrepreneurship and management with the

aim to develop and commercialize research findings for a sustainable community

and environment.

Programme Structure

Thesis All candidates have to pass 10 credit hours courses and research findings should be written

as a thesis. The required 10 credit hours of courses should be made up of 4 credit hours of

faculty core course and 6 credit hours of school courses. Candidates can choose from any

courses offered by the school.


302

Candidates are required to schedule meetings with their supervisor or postgraduate

committee for not less than 26 hours per semester for full time students and 13 hours per

semester for part time students. Core course should be register is STPD6014 Research Methodology and any 6

credit hours of courses offered in the Master of Science (Applied Physics) or Master of

Science (Energy Technology) with the approval of the student's supervisor.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (MATERIALS SCIENCE) Introduction The Master of Science (Materials Science) programme by thesis is offered to candidates

who intend to further their studies as full time or part time students. The programme

offered will allow the candidates to carry out research individually and require them to

pass several courses. Candidates are required to take those courses that will equip them with in depth understanding and knowledge in their research field.

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for the Master of Science (Materials Science) by thesis and by

coursework must have the following qualifications:

a) A Bachelor degree in Science with good cumulative grade point average (CGPA) from


b) Other relevant professional/vocational qualifications or relevant experience approved

by the Senate.



PEO2: Who are able and competent.

PEO3: Who are able to apply knowledge of materials science in a scientific manner. PEO4: Who profess in their professions and commensurate with the demand of



PO1: Mastery the materials science knowledge. PO2: Technical competence in materials science with the ability to use scientific

methods to design, conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data.


materials science. PO4: Ability to work effectively as an individual and as a team.


303

PO5: With the ability to communicate verbally and in writing with the scientific






and environment.

Programme Structure


as a thesis.

The required 10 credit hours of courses should be made up of 4 credit hours of faculty core course and 6 credit hours of school courses. Candidates can choose from any courses

offered by the school.

Candidates are required to schedule meetings with their supervisor or postgraduate committee for not less than 26 hours per semester for full time students and 13 hours per

semester for part time students.

Core course should be register is STPD6014 Research Methodology and 3 credit

hours of courses offered in the Master of Science (Applied Physics) and 3 credit hours from any of the Master of Science offered in the faculty with the approval of the student's

supervisor.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (NUCLEAR SCIENCE)

Introduction The Master of Science (Nuclear Science) programme by thesis is offered to candidates who intend to further their studies as full time or part time students. The programme

offered will allow the candidates to carry out research individually and require them to

pass several courses. Candidates are required to take those courses that will equip them

with in depth understanding and knowledge in their research field.

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for the Master of Science Programme (Nuclear Science) programme

by thesis must have the following qualifications:

a) A Bachelor degree in Science with good cumulative grade point average (CGPA) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate; or


304

b) Other relevant professional/vocational qualifications or relevant experience approved

by the Senate. PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO)


PEO2: Who are able and competent. PEO3: Who are able to apply knowledge of nuclear science in a scientific manner.

PEO4: Who profess in their professions and commensurate with the demand of



PO1: Mastery the nuclear science knowledge.

PO2: Technical competence in nuclear science with the ability to use scientific methods

to design, conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data. PO3: Ability to identify and solve problems critically, creatively and innovatively in

nuclear science.







and environment.

Programme Structure


as a thesis.

The required 10 credit hours of courses should be made up of 4 credits hours of faculty core course and 6 credit hours of school courses. Candidates can choose from any courses

offered by the school.

Candidates are required to schedule meetings with their supervisor or postgraduate committee for not less than 26 hours per semester for full time students and 13 hours per

semester for part time students.

Core course should be register is STPD6014 Research Methodology and 6 credit hours from any of the Master of Science Programmes offered by the faculty with the

approval of the student‟s supervisor.


305

MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENERGY TECHNOLOGY)

Introduction Energy is the most important resource for the development of a country. The dependence on conventional energy such as oil, gas and coal as the main source of energy will have a

detrimental effect on the development of a country if the supplies are disrupted. Utilization

of conventional energy also contributes to environmental pollution. Alternative sources of energy should be explored and their utilization should be stepped up.

Some of the sources of alternative energy being considered actively at the international

level are solar energy, wind energy, biomass, biogas and hydro. They are not only

excellent sources of alternative energy but also easy to access, clean and recyclable. Initiatives to promote renewable energy, energy efficiency and energy demand

management are actively being implemented. Energy technology

must be improved in order to fulfill the increasing demand in energy. In order to plan and execute the development of the energy technology effectively and economically, a number

of experts in the field of alternative energy is needed. This programme is multidisciplinary and is offered at the School of Applied Physics,

with teaching staff from the Faculty of Science and Technology as well as the Faculty of Engineering.

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for the Master of Science Programme (Energy Technology)

programme by thesis must have the following qualifications:

a) Bachelor of Science (B.Sc.) or Bachelor of Engineering (B.Eng.) with honours from

UKM or other universities approved by the Senate, or

b) Other qualifications that are equivalent to a B.Sc. or B. Eng. or relevant experience approved by the Senate.


PEO1: Are with outstanding moral and character.

PEO2: Are able and competent.

PEO3: Are able to apply scientific knowledge of energy technology in a scientific

manner. PEO4: Profess in their professions and commensurate with the demand of development in

their time.


PO1: Master the advanced knowlege of Energy Technologi design, conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data.


306

PO2: Demonstrate technical competence in Energy Technology with the ability to use

scientific methods to design, conduct experiments, analyze and interpret data.

PO3: Are able to identify and solve problems critically, creatively and innovatively Energy Technology.

PO4: Are able to work effectively as an individual and as a team.

PO5: Are able to communicate verbally and in writing with the scientific community,

and the public at both local and international level PO6: Are able to acquire, manage and apply the state of the art information


PO7: Have high motivation for engaging in research and life-long learning. PO8: Understand issues and the need for scientific ethics

PO9: Have acquired basic knowledge in entrepreneurship and management with the aim

to develop and commercialize research findings for a sustainable community and environment

Programme Structure This is a coursework programme offered either full time or part time. Candidates are

required to pass thirty (30) credit hours of core courses and twelve (12) credit hours of

elective courses.

SEMESTER CORE COURSES ELECTIVE COURSES TOTAL

I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

STSF6013 Energy

Conversions Materials

STSF6073 Energy Economics

and Management

STSF6083 Instrumentation

and Control for

Energy

STSF6972 Research Project I

STSF6113 Battery

Technology

STSF6133 Photovoltaic Technology

21


307

II

STSF6023 Conceptual Design

of

Energy Systems

STSF6033 Energy

Philosophy,

Issues and Policy

STSF6063 Environment and

The Energy

STSF6986 Research Project II

STSF6173 Solar Thermal

Technology

and postgraduate elective

course offered by School of

Applied Physics (3 credit hours)

21

TOTAL 30 12 42

Courses Offered

Core courses

STPD6014 Research Methodology STSF6013 Energy Conversions Materials

STSF6023 Conceptual Design of Energy Systems

STSF6033 Energy Philosophy, Issues and Policy

STSF6063 Environment and the Energy STSF6073 Energy Economics and Management

STSF6083 Instrumentation and Control for Energy

STSF6972 Research Project I STSF6986 Research Project II

Elective courses

STSF6113 Battery Technology

STSF6133 Photovoltaic Technology

STSF6173 Solar Thermal Technology

Course Contents

STSF6013 Energy Conversions Materials Introduction to Materials and semiconductor devices. Classification of materials: Metal

Alloys, Ceramics, Polymer Structures, Composite Physical Properties. Thin and thick films

used as passive and active energy converter. Case studies for applications of dielectric materials as insulators, electricity storage and capacitors; materials for transducers and


308

sensors. Selective surface, antireflection films, thermochromic, smart window,

electrochemical materials to convert and store energy. References

De Winter, F. 1991. Solar Collectors: Energy Storage and Materials. Cambridge, MA:

MIT Press.

Granviqvist, C. G. (Ed.) 1991. Materials Science for Solar Energy Conversion Systems, London: Elsevier Science.

Hautala, R.R., King, R.B. & Kutal, C. (Eds). 1979. Solar Energy: Chemical Conversion

and Storage. New Jersey: Humana Press.

Neville, R.C. 1995. Solar Energy Conversion: The Solar Cell. London: Elsevier Science. Smith, W. F. 1997. Foundation of Materials Science and Engineering. 2

nd. Ed. McGraw

Hill.

STSF6023 Conceptual Design of Energy Systems This course discusses topics on design concept of energy systems. Energy systems for

electricity generation using petroleum, natural gas, coal, hydro, solar, wind, geothermal,

tidal and wave will be studied. Modification on existing systems and the effect on system performance will be elaborated. The use of HOMER for hybrid system optimization will

be conducted. References Cengel, Y.A. & Boles, M.A. 2000. Thermodynamics- An Engineering Approach. New

York: McGraw Hill.

Cengel, Y.A. 1998. Heat Transfer: A Practical Approach. New York: McGraw Hill. Denno, K. 1988. Power System Design and Applications for Alternative Energy Sources.

New York: Prentice Hall.

El-Wakil, M.M. 1984. Power Plant Technology. New York: McGraw Hill.

HOMER. 2008. User Manual. Denver: National Renewable Energy Laboratory. Stoecker, W.F. 1989. Design of Thermal Systems. 3

rd. Ed. New York: McGraw Hill.

STSF6033 Energy Philosophy, Issues and Policy This course discusses the historical development in the usage of energy, current issues related to energy and the philosophical bases of energy policies worldwide and in

Malaysia. The 1970s saw tremendous upheavals in the oil industry, which started with the

formation of OPEC and the IEA. The oil industry underwent a revolution, when the oil producing countries began to take control of their resources. This forced the oil companies

and the oil producing countries to adjust to more equal relationship. The oil crises lead

most countries to develop their energy policies. Some representative energy policies such

as that of USA, UK, Germany, Russia, China and Malaysia will be analyzed. The student is encouraged to analyze his own country's energy policy. References Cassedy, E. S. 2000. Prospects for Sustainable Energy: A Critical Assessment. Cambridge:



309

Flavin, C. & Lenssen, N. 1994. Power surge: Guide To The Coming Energy Revolution.

New York: W. W. Norton & Company.

Malaysia, Ministry of Energy, Telecommunications and Posts, 1992. An Introduction to Malaysia's Energy Sector. Kuala Lumpur.

Taher, AbdulHady Hassan, 1992. Energy, A Global Outlook: The Case For Effective

International Cooperation. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

World Energy Council. 1993. Energy for Tomorrow's World. New York: Kogan Page Ltd.

STSF6063 Energy and The Environment This course discusses topics on the world energy resources, fossil energy resources, nonrenewable energy and renewable energy resources, effects of fossil energy on

environment, effects from NOx, COx and SOx emission, air and water pollution, acid rain

as well as effect on eco system and globing warming. References Chandra, S. 1981. Superionic Solids: Principles and Applications. Amsterdam: North-

Holand Publ. Comp. Chandra, S. 1981. Superionoc Solids: Principles and Applications. Amsterdam: North-

Holland Publ. Comp.

Conway, B.E. 1999. Electrochemical Supercapacitors: Scientific Fundamentals and Technological Applications. New York: Plenum Publ. Corp.

Julien, C. & Stoinov, Z. (Eds.) 2000. Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Dordrecht :

Kluwer Academic Publ. Mc. Donald, J.R. (Ed.) 1987. Impedance Spectroscopy Emphasizing Solid Materian and

System. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

World Energy Council. 1993. Energy For Tommorrow's World. New York: Kogan Page

Ltd.

STSF6073 Energy Economics and Management This course discusses topics on role of energy managers, energy audit, the identification of energy conservation opportunities and establishing effective energy management

propgramme in a facility. The energy conservation opportunities can be indentify in

electrical systems, process steam, air conditioning system, and lighting. Energy economic

decision making will be applied to find alternatives for energy efficient system and financing of the new system.

References Culp, A. W. 1991. Principal of Energy Conservation. New York: McGraw-Hill. Grifin, J.M. & Steele, H.B. 1986. Energy Economics and Policy. Orlando: Academic

Press.

Nik Hashim Mustapha & Redzuan Othman. 1990. Peruntukan Sumber Asli – Masalah dan Penyelesaian. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Runci, P. 1999. 2020 Vision: The Energy World in TheNext Quarter Century (Program on

Energy, the Environment and the Economy). Queenstown: Aspen Institute.


310

Sharma, S. & Fesharaki, F. 1991. Energy Market and Policies in ASEAN. Singapore:

ASEAN Economics Research Unit, Institute of South East Asian Studies.

STSF6083 Instrumentation and Control for Energy This course focuses on the design, construction and monitoring of a photovoltaic system.

The main items covered include assessment of solar resources, solar modules, batteries,

charge controller, inverter, control instrumentation and wiring, system integration, sensors and data acquisition system. System design, operation and monitoring, power distribution

and control. Analysis of photovoltaic system performance. References Carr, J. J. 1988. Elements of Electronic Instrumentation and Measurements. Englewood

Cliffs. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Diedenderfer, A. J. & Holton, B. E. 1994. Principles of Electronic Instrumentation. 3rd. Ed.

New York: Harcourt/Academic Press.

Endecon Engineering. 2001. A Guide to Photovoltaic(PV) System Design and Installation.

Sacramento, Ca.: California Energy Commission. Gottlieb, I. R. 1993. Electronic Power Control. New York: McGraww-Hill.

Roberts, S. 1991. Solar Electricity. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

STSF6113 Battery Technology In the first part of the course, types and basic properties of batteries will be discussed.

Types of materials used in batteries developments will also be discussed. The second part will discuss the various techniques used in the batteries production various characterization

techniques and tests used in the study of batteries. The last part of the course will explore

the potential applications of the ionic and mixed ionic-electronic conducting materials in

related devices and challenges that need to be attended.

References Huggins, R.A. 2009. Advanced batteries: Material science aspects. New York: Springer

Julien, C. & Stoinov, Z. (pnyt.). 2000. Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publ.

Nazri, G-A. & Pistoria G. (Eds). 2009. Lithium batteries: Science and technology. New

York: Springer Vincent, C.A. & Scrosati, B. 1997. Modern Batteries: An Introduction To Electrochemical

Power Sources. 2nd

. Ed. London: Butterworth-Heinemann

Reddy, T.B. (ed) 2011. Linden‟s handbook of batteries 4th ed. New York: McGraw Hill

STSF6133 Photovoltaic Technology Generators and photovoltaic components: semiconductors material, characteristics of solar

cell, solar panels, electric energy power stations from solar radiation. Battery and energy storage system. Solar water pump technology, street lighting technology, indoors

photovoltaic technology, photovoltaic technology for remote applications, photovoltaic

telecommunication system, grid connected photovoltaic system, Building Integrated


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Photovoltaic System (BIPV). Photovoltaic Thermal (PV/T) collector system, applications

of PV/T. The future of photovoltaic technology.

References Beberapa kertas jurnal dan pascasidang yang ditulis oleh para pensyarah di UKM (Papers

written by lectures in Physics Programme and SERI published in journals and

proceedings) Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Mohd. Yusof Hj. Othman & Baharudin (Pyt). 2000. Renewable

Energy: Resource and Applications in Malaysia. Bangi: Pusat Tenaga Malaysia.

Mohd. Yusof Hj. Othman. 1996. Penjanaan Tenaga: Kesinambungan Yang Meyakinkan. Bangi: Penerbit UKM.

Mohd. Yusof Hj. Othman & Kamaruzzaman Sopian. 2002. Teknologi Tenaga Suria.

Bangi: Penerbit UKM. Wieder S. 1996. Pengenalan Tenaga Suria untuk Ahli Sains dan Jurutera. Kuala Lumpur:

Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.

Wieder S. 1996. Pengenalan Tenaga Suria untuk Ahli Sains dan Jurutera. Kuala Lumpur:

Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.

STSF6173 Solar Thermal Technology In this course we will start with consideration of solar energy itself, including radiation fundamentals, measurement, and data processing required to predict solar irradiance with

respect to time, location and orientation. Then we will examine the characteristics of

various components in solar thermal systems (with particular emphasis on flat plat and concentrating collectors, heat exchangers, and thermal storage) to understand how they

work and how their performance is influenced by their design. This will lead us to an

examination of systems and system performance, including system design, predicted

energy savings and economics. The focus will be on low temperature applications for solar hot water, space heating and water distillation. A solar design project will be assigned IF

TIME PERMIT. References Duffie, J.A. & Beckman, W.A. Solar Thermal Engineering of Thermal Processes. 2

nd. Ed.

New York: John Wiley.

Howel, J.R., Bannerot, R.B. & Vliet, G.C. 1982. Solar Thermal Energy Systems: Analysis and Design. New York: Mc Graw-Hill Book Co.

Larson, R.W., West, R.E. & Larson, R. (pnyt.). 1996. Implementation of Solar Thermal

Technology, Solar Heat Technologies. Jil. 10. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Lunde, P.J. 1980. Solar Thermal Engineering. New York: John Wiley.

Reddy, T.A. & Bouix, P. 1986. Solar Thermal Component and System Testing. Bangkok:

Asian Institute of Technology.

STSF6972 Research Project I This course is aim at training students to study specific topics on radiation protection

through extensive readings and guided research. Students are required to prepare a


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literature survey of a chosen topic and to prepare a proposal of the research that will be

conducted in STSF6986 RESEARCH PROJECTS II.

References Day, R. A. 1998. How to Write & Publish a Scientific Paper. 5

th. Ed. Phoenix: Orxy Press.


. Ed. London: An Arnold


Centre, UKM.

Ismail Ahmad. 1996. Penulisan Saintifik. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Palya, W. L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. 5

th. Ed. Jacksonville. Alabama

STSF6986 Research Project II This course offers student the opportunity to do research on specific topics of interest

under the supervision of one or a group of supervisors. The research can be conducted

experimentally or analytically. Students are required to prepare a dissertation report on the

research and will be asked to defend the results orally.



Greenfield, T. 2001. Research Methods for Postgraduates. 2nd.


Publication.

Hafriza Burhanudeen (Editor). 2005. The UKM Style Guide. Bangi: Graduate Studies Centre, UKM.


Palya, W. L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. 5th.

Ed. Jacksonville. Alabama

MASTER OF SCIENCE (APPLIED PHYSICS)

Introduction

Applied Physics is a field that studies of both classical and modern physics and combines it

with topics on most recent applications of these principles. It is the science which has made possible the design and operation of many everyday components including computer

chips, lasers, solar collectors, medical equipment, sensors and mobile phones.

The curriculum of the graduate program in Applied Physics consists of core courses and elective courses. The core courses are designed to provide students with the

fundamentals of physics and skills in computing, mathematics and instrumentations. The

core courses also include the management and evaluation of technology and

communications skills. The electives which can be taken from a range of topics are designed so that students can develop their own course of study according to their interests.

A research project is required to be undertaken throughout the duration to provide the

experience of doing independent research under the supervision of the school academics. The research project focuses on applying physics to scientific and technological problems.


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The research project starts by conducting extensive literature review, followed by

performing experiments and preparing a dissertation.

This programme is designed to develop professionals with broad capabilities appropriate for careers in technical research or advanced graduate study. It provides

valuable graduate training and research project experience sought after by industry,

government and R & D organizations.

The interests and expertise of school academics include the following areas of specialization: material science, solid-state physics, the physics of thin films devices, the

physics of medical radiations and theoretical/computational physics.

Entry Requirements a) Bachelors degree in Physics or courses related to physics, with good cumulative grade

point average (CGPA) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate; or

b) Other relevant professional/vocational qualifications equivalent to bachelors degree in

physics or relevant experience approved by the Senate.

Students with degree in courses related to physics must officially register for selected

prerequisite courses offer at the undergraduate level. The course will be scheduled as an audit.


PEO1: Able with outstanding moral and character.

PEO2: Able and competent. PEO3: Able to apply scientific knowledge of applied physics and in a scientific manner.

PEO4: Able in their professions and commensurate with the demand of development in

their time.


PO1: Master the advanced knowlege of Applied Physics design, conduct experiments, analyses and interpret data.

PO2: Demonstrate technical competence in Applied Physics with the ability to use

scientific methods to design, conduct experiments, analyses and interpret data.

PO3: Identify and solve problems critically, creatively and innovatively in Applied

Physics.

PO4: Work effectively as an individual and as a team. PO5: Communicate verbally and in writing with the scientific community, and the

public at both local and international level.

PO6: Acquire, manage and apply the state of the art information systematically and effectively.

PO7: Engage actively in research and life-long learning.


314

PO8: Understand issues and the need for scientific ethics.

PO9: Apply basic knowledge in entrepreneurship and management with the aim to

develop and commercialize research findings for a sustainable community and environment

Programme Structure This is a coursework programme offered only for full time candicates. Candidates for

this programme are required to pass 40 credit hours course, comprising 28 credit hours of

core courses and 12 credit hours selective courses.


I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

STSP6014 Method of

Instrumentation

Analysis

STSP6033 Advanced

Mathematical

Methods

STSP6053 Advanced

Electromagnetism

STSP6972 Research Project I

STSP6113 Physical Metallurgy

STSP6133 Biomaterials

STSP6153 Materials and

Composites

Technology

STSP6173 Science and

Technology of Agro-

Materials

STSP6313 Semiconductor

Physics and Devices

STSP6333 Thin-Film Technology

STSP6353 Materials and Solid

State Ionic Devices

STSP6373 Applied Optics and

Optoelectronics

STSP6393 Plastic Electronics

STSP6513 Diagnostic

Radiological Physics

STSP6533 Medical Nuclear

Physics

STSP6713 Statistical Mechanics

STSP6733 Fluctuations in

Physical System

STSP6753 Physics of Modern

Imaging

STSP6773 Modification of Wood

(Choose 1 Elective course)

19


315

II

STSP6023 Applied Quantum

Mechanics

STSP6043 Advanced

Computational

Physics

STSP6986 Research Project II

STSP6123 Advanced Polymer

STSP6143 Materials Design and

Modeling

STSP6163 Corrosion Control and

Monitoring

STSP6323 Superconductor and

Magnetism

STSP6343 Nanotechnology

STSP6383 Sensor and Systems

STSP6523 Radiation Therapy

Physics

STSP6723 Introduction to Non-

linear Dynamics

Theory

STSP6743 Space Physics

STSP6763 Management and

Assessment of

Technology

STSP6783 Paper Chemistry

(Choose 3 Elective course)

21

TOTAL 28 12 40

Courses Offered

Core courses STPD6014 Research Methodology

STSP6014 Method of Instrumentation Analysis

STSP6023 Applied Quantum Mechanics STSP6033 Advanced Mathematical Methods

STSP6043 Advanced Computational Physics

STSP6053 Advanced Electromagnetism

STSP6972 Research Project I STSP6986 Research Project II


316

Elective courses STSP6113 Physical Metallurgy

STSP6123 Advanced Polymer STSP6133 Biomaterials

STSP6143 Materials Design and Modeling

STSP6153 Materials and Composites Technology STSP6163 Corrosion Control and Monitoring

STSP6173 Science and Agro materials Technology

STSP6313 Semiconductor Physics and Devices

STSP6323 Superconductor and Magnetism STSP6333 Thin-Film Technology

STSP6343 Nanotechnology

STSP6353 Materials and Solid State Ionics Devices STSP6373 Applied Optics and Optoelectronics

STSP6383 Sensor and System

STSP6513 Physics of Diagnostic Radiology

STSP6523 Physics of Radiation Therapy STSP6533 Medical Nuclear Physics

STSP6713 Statistical Mechanics

STSP6723 Introduction to Non-linear Dynamics Theory STSP6733 Fluctuations in Physical Systems

STSP6743 Space Physics

STSP6753 Physics of Modern Imaging STSP6773 Modification of Wood

STSP6783 Paper Chemistry

STSP6793 Nuclear Techniques in Industry & Research

Course Contents

STSP6014 Method of Instrumentation Analysis This course discusses several techniques and designs of experiments regarding the

characterization methods in research and industry. Topics to be discussed are analysis of

structure and microstructure which include compositional analysis, investigation of structure and morphology of surfaces by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray

diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy techniques. A number of techniques for

material characterization such as X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, impedance technique,

thermal analysis and mechanical analysis are also discussed. Methods of sample

preparation for the respective technique of analysis are also introduced.


317

References Cullity, B.D. & Stock, S.R. 2001. Elements of X-ray Diffraction. 3rd. Ed. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall. Drago, R.S. 1992. Physical Methods. New York: Saunders College Publ.

Goodhew, P.J. & Humphreys, F.J. 1988. Electron Microscopy and Analysis. London:

Taylor and Francis Publ.

Haines P.J. 2002. Principles of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. Cambridge. Walls, J.M. & Smith, R. 1994. Surface Science Techniques. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Yacobi, B.G., Holt, D.B. & Kazmerski, L.L. 1994. Microanalysis of Solids. New York:

Plenum Press.

STSP6023 Applied Quantum Mechanics (Prerequisite : Quantum mechanics at undergraduate level)

This course is designed to be the third in the sequence of required graduate quantum

mechanics courses. Prerequisites are the successful completion of STSF2223 and STSF3213. This course builds upon the core formalism, concepts, and techniques of

quantum mechanics. While both angular momentum and symmetries in quantum

mechanics have been previously explored, they are unified in their treatment here.

Approximation methods, Scattering theory, first encountered in STSF3213, is treated with more depth and sophistication here. Many body quantum mechanics, quantization of the

electromagnetic field, and the relativistic treatment of spin-1/2 particles are presented.

These concepts are important for research in both the theoretical and experimental realms of particle physics, nuclear physics, quantum optics, quantum dots, quantum fabrication,

etc.

References Griffiths, J.F. 2002. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. 3rd. Ed. New York: Pearson.

Dirac, P.A.M. 1958. The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. 4th. Ed. (revised), Oxford,

UK: Oxford University Press. Feynman, R.P., Leighton, R.B. & Sands, M. 1965. The Feynman Lectures on Physics.

Volume III. Reading MA: Addison-Wesley,

Merzbacher, E. 1970. Quantum Mechanics. 2nd. Ed. New York NY: John Wiley & Sons. Sakurai, J.J. 1985. Modern Quantum Mechanics. CA: Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park.

STSP6033 Advanced Mathematical Methods (Prerequisite Programming language (C/C++, Fortran or Matlab) or Numerical Method or

computational physics)

This course is designed to introduce first-year graduate student to mathematical concepts

and tools needed for research, and more advanced math courses. The subject exposes the

students to the level of mathematical rigor required for doctoral research. It helps students

acquire the mathematical methods and tools for other graduate course (particularly E&M, QM and SM), necessary research while earning their Ph.D.'s, and understanding journals


318

and papers (e.g. PRLs) necessary for their study. Some of the topics to be covered are:

review on complex variable, special functions, ODES, PDES, Fourier Transform, power

spectrum, convolution theorem. Conformal mapping and its application and the common functions encountered in research, e.g. airy function and special functions.

References Ablowitz, M.J. & Fokas, A.S. 1998. Complex Variable. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Butkov, E. 1984. Mathematical Physics. London: Addison-Westey.

Hayek, S.I. 2001. Advanced Mathematical Methods in Science and Engineering. Marcel Dekker.

Riley, R.F., Hobson, M.P. & Bence, S.J. 1997. Mathematical Methods for Physics and

Engineering. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. Van der Ziel, A. 1986. Noise in Solid State Devices and Circuits. New York: John Wiley

& Sons.

STSP6043 Advanced Computational Physics (Prerequisite: Computational Physics at undergraduate level)

This course aims to expose the student to a through grounding in the use of computers to solve physics problems and common computational techniques using physics: modeling,

simulation, numerical techniques and visualization. The course is therefore delivered as

formal class lectures and programming exercises in the computer laboratory. Main topics to be covered would be specific problems in Solid States, Material Science, Quantum

Mechanics and Astro-physics. The computational techniques will use both Dos/Windows

and open source (LINUX) platforms. The course will also introduce the use cluster computational techniques.

References Gibbs, W.R. 1999. Computation in modern physics. 2

nd. Ed., Singapore: World Scientific.

Landau, R.H. & Paez, M.J. 1997 Computational physics-problem solving with

computers. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Pang, T. 1997. An introduction to computational physics. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Press, W.H., Teukolsky, S.A., Vetterling, W.T. & Flannery, B.P. 1992. Numerical recipes

in C: The art of scientific computing. 2nd

. Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Thissen, J.M. 1999. Computational physics. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. STSP6053 Advanced Electromagnetism (Prerequisite: Electromagnetism at undergraduate level)

This course will discuss the methodology of information processing using electromagnetic

waves, electromagnetic materials and electromagnetic devices. This course is conducted by classroom lectures and the main topics cover: Basic electromagnetic theory, special

relativity in electromagnetism, Maxwell equations, tensor analysis and pseudo-tensor in


319

electromagnetic materials, retarded potentials, Interaction of electromagnetic waves with

charged particles, Lagrange formulation, Gauge transformation, monopole and multiples,

application of electromagnetism in solid state, classical optics, radiation theory and telecommunication.

References Chapman, S. C. 2000. Core Electrodynamics. 2

nd ed. London. Taylor and Francis

Griffiths, D. J. 2012. Introduction to Electrodynamics. 4th . ed. New York. Addison-

Wesley

Jackson, J. D. 1998. Classical Electrodynamics. 3rd ed. New York. John Wiley & Sons.

Low F. E. 2004. Classical Field Theory. Electromagnetism and Gravitation. Weinheim:

Wiley –VCH

Vanderlinde J. 2004. Classical Electromagnetic Theory. New York: Kluwer Acad. Publ. STSP6113 Physical Metallurgy This course discusses topics on solidification, heat treatment, advanced alloys and metal

processing. Thermodynamic and kinetic of solidification is discussed. Types and techniques of heat and mechanical treatments and their effects on metal defects and

properties are also discussed. This course also introduces advanced alloys i.e. light alloys,

high temperature alloys, shape memory alloys, biomaterial alloys and super plastic alloys. Metal and alloy processing methods and their relation to properties and application of the

metal and alloy products is also highlighted.

References Cahn, R.W. & Hassen, P. 1996. Physical Metallurgy. London: North-Holland Publ.

Jenkins, I. & Wood, J.W. 1991. Powder Metallurgy: An Overview. London: Institute of Metals.

Lu, L. & Lai, M.O. 1998. Mechanical Alloying. London: Kluwer Academic Publ.

Moniz, B. J. 2003. Metallurgy. New York: American Technical Publishers. Smallman, R. E. & Ngan, A. H. N. 2007. Physical Metallurgy and Advanced Materials.

London: Butterworth-Heinemann.

STSP6123 Advanced Polymer The course will cover an introduction of polymer, properties and processing technique of

various types of polymeric materials. The main topic of discussion will focus on types of

advanced polymer, properties, applications, its specialty, advantages and processing methods. The details of the discussion will be based on the latest category of advanced

polymer.

References Cheremisin of, N.P (pnyt). 1998. Advanced Polymer Processing Operations, New Jersey:

Noyes Publ.

Dyson R.W. 1995. Engineering Polymers. New York: Chapman and Hall. Fried J.R 1995. Polymer Science and Technology. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.


320

Mills N.J, 1993. Plastic-microstructure and Engineering Application. London: Butler and

Tanner Ltd.

Nalwa H.S. 2001. Advanced Functional Molecules and Polymers. Volume 4: Physical peroperties and application. New Jersey: Gordon & Breach Science Publ.

STSP6133 Biomaterials The course will discuss various biomaterials which can be substituted as biological materials of the human body. The topics of discussion will cover polymeric materials as

biomaterials, their characteristics, applications and processing technique. The discussion

will continue with bio-ceramic which will be focusing on basic composites of ZrO2, Al

2O

3

and other oxides system in the human body. The course will also discuss hydroxyl apatite, its properties, preparation technique and latest applications of the materials. The

applications of biomaterials will be also highlighted on materials used in dental and

orthopedic implants. The final parts of the course will discuss the mechanical and biological suitability tests.

References Helsen, J.A. & Breme, J. 1998. Metals as Biomaterials. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Park, J.B. & Lakes, R.S. 1992. Biomaterials: An Introduction. 2

nd. Ed. New York: Plenum

Publ.

Shackelford, F.F. 1999. Bioceramics. Singapore: Overseas Publ. Assoc. Shalaby, S.W. 1985. Polimers as biomaterials. New York: Plenum Publ. Corp.

Silver, F.H. & Christiansen, D.L. 1999. Biomaterials Science and Biocompatibility.

London: Springer Verlag.

STSP6143 Materials Design and Modeling The course will start with an introduction on modeling and simulation technique for

materials. The topics will cover modeling equations which include thermodynamic aspects in metal phase modeling, examples of application of modeling in materials processing and

materials design, crystal defect, radiation damage and fracture mechanics. The standard

and code of practices in materials design will also be discussed.

References Barbero, E.J. 1998. Introduction to Composite Materials Design. London: Taylor &

Francis. Cornish, E.H. 1987. Materials and The Designer. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

English, C.A., Metthews, J.R., Rauh, H., Stoneham, A.M. & Thetford, R. (pnyt.) 1992.

Materials Modelling: From Theory to Technology. Bristol: Institue of Physics Publ. Mattewd, F.L., Davies, G.A.O., Hitching, D. & Soutis, C. 2001. Finite Element Modelling

of Composite Materials and Sructures. New York: CRC Press.

Szekely, J. 1988. The Mathematical and Physical Modeling of Primary Metal Processing Operation. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

STSP6153 Materials and Composites Technology


321

An introduction of this course will highlight on types of composites, properties,

manufacturing process and its applications. The main topics of discussion will cover types

of fibers and matrix, polymer matrix composites (PMC), metal matrix composites (MMC) and ceramic matrix composites (CMC). The analysis of micromechanics, micromechanics

and interface will also be discussed. The course will also highlight the latest technology of

composites manufacturing and fabrications.

References

Chawla, K.K. & Chawla, K.K. 1998. Composite Materials: Science and Engineering. 2nd.


Gibson, R.F. 1994. Principles of Composite Materials Mechanics. New York: McGraw-

Hill. Gutoski, T.G. 1997. Advanced Composites Manufacturing. New York: John Wiley &

Sons.

Hull, D. & Clyne, T.W. 1996. An Introduction To Composite Materials. 2nd.

Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Metthews, F.L. & Rowlings, R.D. 1994. Composite Materials: Engineering and Science.


STSP6163 Corrosion Control and Monitoring This course introduces corrosion control techniques, namely materials selection, alteration

of environment, product design, coatings, and cathodic and anodic protection. The discussion on corrosion control techniques will cover principle and mechanism and also

the related equipment. The suitability of corrosion control techniques over types of

corrosion is also discussed. Corrosion monitoring techniques that will be discussed include non-destructive testing techniques, electrochemical techniques and nuclear techniques. The

important of corrosion control and monitoring in terms of safety and economics are also

discussed.

References Bayliss, D.A. & Chandler, K. A. 1991. Steelwork Corrosion Control. London: Elsevier

Applied Science. Fontana, M. G. 2005. Corrosion Engineering. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Book Co.

Jones, A. D. 1996. Principles and Prevention of Corrosion. 2nd.

Ed. London: Prentice Hall. Schweitzer, P. A. 2007. Corrosion Engineering Handbook. London: Taylor & Francis

Uhlig, H.H. & Revie, R.W. 1995. Corrosion and Corrosion Control. 3rd.

Ed. Houston:

NACE International.

STSP6173 Science and Technology for Agrobased Materials The course will cover the raw materials, lignocelluloses based from agriculture industry (agro industry) available in Malaysia such as rice, kenaf, sugar cane, coconut, oil palm,

pineapple, banana and forest products from hardwood and non woody and bamboo. The

courses will emphasis on the preparation of lignocelluloses materials from these raw materials. The course will be discuss on the manufacturing process of pulp, paper, medium


322

density board (MDF), oriental stand board (OSB), particle board, plywood, wood plastic

board and cement board. Chemical modification on fibred will be emphasis in order to

improve the fibred chemical interaction. The chemistry and types of adhesive and coating, surface modification and bonding will be discussed.

References Bodig, J. & Jayne, B.A. 1993. Mechanics of Woods and Wood Composites. Florida:

Krieger Publ. Co.

Casey, J.P. 1980. Pulp and Paper: Chemistry and Chemical Technology. London: John

Wiley. Hemingway, R.W., Conner, A.H. & Brahan, S.J. (Ed.). 1987. Adhesives from Renewable

Resources. Washington: American Chemical Society.

Hon, D.N.S. & Shiraishi, N. 1998. Wood and Cellulosic Chemistry. New York: Marcel Dekker.

Kinloch, A.J. 1987. Adhesion and Adhesive Science and Technology. London: Chapman

and Hall

STSP6313 Physics of Semiconductor and Devices This course is aimed towards understanding the theories of the semiconductor materials

and semiconductor devices. The concept of electron and hole in energy band. Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors The properties and processes in semiconductors. Measurements

of quantities related to semiconductor, such as conductivity, effective mass, mobility and

diffusion. Semiconductor devices - devices based on conductivity and junctions. Preparation and fabrication of semiconductor materials and devices, which includes

purification, single crystal growth, doping techniques and lithography.

References Burhanuddin Yeop Majlis. 2000. Teknologi Fabrikasi Litar Bersepadu. Bangi: Penerbit


Cooke, M.J. 1990. Semiconductor Devices. New York: Prentice-Hall. Neamen, D.A. 1997. Semiconductor Physics and Devices:Basic Principles. New York:

McGraww-Hill.

Sze, S. M. 1981. Physics of Semiconductor Devices. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Tyagi, M.S. 1999. Semiconductor Materials and Devices. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

STSP6323 Magnetism and Superconductivity This course covers two topics; first on magnetism and the second on superconductivity. Topics on magnetism include magnetic materials, diamagnetic, paramagnet, ferromagnet,

ferromagnetic, antiferromagnet, domain theory and magnetization processes,

measurements, preparation methods and applications. Topic on superconductivity include

basic phenomenon, superconducting materials, type-I and Type-II superconductors, phase transition, Ginzburg-landau theory, Abrikosov vortex, BCS theory, energy gap, isotope

effect, Josephson tunneling, SQUIDs, high-temperature superconductors, anisotropy,

structure, phase diagram and applications of superconductors.


323

References Abd. Shukor, R. 2004. Introduction to Superconductivity in Metals Alloys and Cuprates.

Tanjung Malim: UPSI Publishers. Cullity, B. D. 1972. Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. New York:

Addison-Wesley.

Jiles, D. 1991. Introduction to Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. London: Chapmann &

Hall. Morrish, A. H. 2001. Physical Principles of Magnetism. New York: John Wiley.

Roslan Abd. Shukor. 1996. Superkonduktor Konvensional dan Suhu Tinggi. Kuala

Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. STSP6333 Thin-Film Technology This course is related to the theoretical aspects of preparation ,technique of preparation, application and characterization of thin films. The course begin with the introduction to

physics of thin films which cover topics such as formation process and structure of thin

films. Then the technique of preparation, which includes evaporation, sputtering, and

specific methods. The thin films characterization covers thickness, physical structure, surface morphology, electronic structure and chemical composition. Other properties such

as mechanical, electrical, optical and magnetic will be covered. The students will be

exposed to the various application of thin films either in passive or active form also other devices. Finally each student must present a seminar on the topics related to recent

development in thin films.

References Eckertova, L. (pnyt.) 1986. Physics of Thin Films. 2

nd Ed. New York: Plenum Press.

Francombe, M.H. (pnyt.) 2000. Thin Films. Vol. 28: Frontiers of Thin Film Technology.


Matacotta, F.C. & Ottaviani, G. (pnyt.) 1995. Science and Technology of Thin Films. Singapore: World Scientific.

Nalwa, H.S. (pnyt.) 2001. Handbool of Thin Films Materials. Jild. 1-5. New York:

Academic Press. Wagendristel, A. & Wang, Y. 1994. An Introduction to Physics and Technology of Thin

Films. Singapore: World Scientific.

STSP6343 Nanotechnology This course discusses topics on electronic, magnetic, mechanical and optical changes that

occur when bulk materials of nonconductors, semiconductors and metals becomes

nanosized. Methods to reduce bulk to nanosize materials both by top down and bottom up approach is discussed exemplified by physical methods ( laser ablation, ball mill, plasma

deposition) and chemical methods (sol-gel, micelle and microemulsion templating,

mechanochemistry and sonochemistry). Characterisation of nanomaterials by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy), SNOM (Scanning near-field Optical microscopy), UV-Vis

spectroscopy, TEM (Transmission electron microscopy), XPS (X-ray spectroscopy) and

other techniques are discussed. Some thermodynamics aspects of nanomaterials are discussed especially its non-extensive aspects. The relationship between changes in


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nanomaterial properties due to environmental effects are related to applications in sensors

and nanofluids. Students might be ask to present a seminar on recent findings in

Nanotechnology.

References Colm Durkan. 2007. Current at the Nanoscale. Singapore: World Scientific.

Guozhong Cao. 2007. Nanostructures and Nanomaterials. Singapore: World Scientific. Nalwa, H.S. 2000. Handbook of Nanostructured Materials and Nanotechnology Vol.1-5.


Nalwa, H.S. 2003. Nanoclusters and Nanocrystals. California: American Scientific

Publishers. Sulabha K. Kulkarni. 2007. Nanotechnology: Principles and Practices. New Delhi: Capital

Publishing Company.

STSP6353 Materials and Solid State Ionic Devices This course discusses the ionic conducting materials. In the first part of the course, various

types of ionic conducting materials and its properties will be discussed. The types of materials will be categorized as its mobile ions such as Li+ ion conductors, H+ ion

conductors etc. Types of materials will also be grouped in terms of its structural properties

such ceramics, polymer, glass etc. Mixed ionic/electronic conducting materials will be

discussed. The second part will discuss the techniques used in the preparation and characterization of the ionic and mixed ionic/electronic conducting materials. The last part

of the course will explore the potential applications of the ionic and mixed ionic-electronic

conducting materials in related devices and challenges that need to be attended. References Cahn, R.W., Haasen, P. & Kramer, E.J. (pnyt.). 1994. Materials Science and Technology,

A Comprehensive Treatment. New York: VCH Publishers. Chandra, S. 1981. Superionic Solids: Principles and Applications. Amsterdam: North

Holland.

Gao, W. & Sammes, N.M. 1999. An Introduction to Electronic and Ionic Materials.

Singapore: World Scientific. Jiles, D. 1994. Electronic Properties of Materials. New York: Chapman & Hall.

NATO Adv. Study Institute on Physics of Superionic Conductor 1983. The Physics of

Superionic Conductors and Electrode Materials. New York: Plenum Pub. Corp.

STSP6373 Applied Optics and Optoelectronics This course exposes students to the applications of optics in various fields besides the

theory and applications of optoelectronics. The course will range from basic wave optics to optoelectronics. The characteristics of optoelectronic materials, nonlinear optics and

optoelectronic devices will be discussed. Topics on optical fibers will be discussed in

depth embracing its uses in optical communication system and fiber optics sensors. Special topics on optical display as in LED, optical signal processing will be discussed.


325

References Desmonds E. S 1995. Optoelektronic Devices. London: Prentice Hall.

Hecht, E. 1998. Optics. 3rd

. Ed. Reading, MA.: Addison Wesley. Kasap, S. O. & Kasap, S. O. 2001. Optoelectronics and Photonics: Principles and

Practices. New York: Prentice Hall.

Saleh B. E. A. & Teich M. C. 1991. Fundamentals of Photonics. New York: John Wiley &

Sons Inc. Wilson J & Hawkes J 1998. Optoelectronics an Introduction. London: Prentice Hall.

STSP6383 Sensors and Systems Introduction, Classification of sensors and actuators, sensing and actuating strategies,

general requirements for interfacing and actuation, sensing, transduction, actuation.

Performance Characteristics of Sensors and Actuator, Optical sensors-Photodiodes, phototransistors and photo resistors based sensors, Photo multipliers, light-to-light

detectors, Infrared sensors, Temperature Sensors-Thermoresistive sensors: Thermistors,

Resistance temperature sensors, Silicon resistive sensors, Magnetic and Electromagnetic

Sensors and Actuators, Mechanical Sensors-Accelerometers (capacitive, piezoelectric, piezoresistive, thermal), Force sensors (strain gauges, tactile sensors), Pressure sensors

(semiconductor, piezoresistive, Acoustic Sensors and Actuators, Chemical Sensor-

Electrochemical, Thermo-chemical, ChemFET, Gas, pH, Humidity, moisture and Optical -chemical, Radiation Sensors.

References Brignell, J. & White, N. 1994. Intelligent Sensor Systems. Bristol: IOP Publ. Ltd.

Gardner, J.W. 1994. Microsensors: Principles and Applications. Chichester: Wiley &

Sons.

Janata, J. 1989. Principles of Chemical Sensors. New York: Plenum Press. Khazan, A. D. 1993. Transducers and Their Elements: Design and Application. New


Sinclair, A.R. 2001. Sensor and Transducers. 3rd

Ed. Woburn, MA.: Butterworth-Heinemann.

STSP6513 Physics of Diagnostic Radiology This course exposes students to the applications of physics in diagnostic radiology. The topics discussed are diagnostic radiology, the generation of X-ray, physical basic of

diagnostic radiology and exposure and protection of patients. In diagnostic radiology the

topics that are discussed include primer radiological image, radiographic image, CT scan, mammography, exposure to patient, the risk in diagnostic radiology and selection of

equipments. In the generation of X-ray, X-ray tube, interactions at target, X-ray spectrum,

quality and intensity of X-ray, factors that affect the quality and intensity of X-ray are discussed. While in the topic of physical basic of diagnostic radiology, X-ray film and how

it is processed, the characteristic of X-ray film, the effect of absorption of X-ray and

radiographic image, effects and control of scattered radiation, radiographic exposure,

diagnostic X-ray tube and its shield, and radioactive isotope in clinical medicine will be discussed. In the topic of exposure and protection of patients, the pattern of X-ray


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exposure, exposure limit, source of exposure, shielding of a place, shielding of personal

and exposure from radioactive source will also be discussed.

References Ball, J.L. & Moore, A.D. 1997. Essential Physics for Radiographers. 2

nd. Ed. Melbourne:

Blackwell Scientific Publ.

Carter, P.H. 1984. An Introduction to Diagnostic Radiography. New York: Churchill Livingstone.

Christensen, E.E., Curry, T.S. & Dowdey, J.E. 1978. An Introduction to the Physics of

Diagnostic Radiology. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. Ismail Saad. 1992. Radiologi Diagnosis Asas. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Sprawls, P. 1993. Physical Principles of Medical Imaging. 2nd.

Ed. Madison: Medical

Physics Publ.

STSP6523 Physics of Radiation Therapy This course gives exposure to the students pertaining to the application of physics in

radiation therapy. The topics that are discussed are dosimetry, radiation measurement, x-ray and gamma-ray beam interaction with scattering medium, and external beam therapy

machine. In dosimetry the topics that are discussed are radiation beam quantities, the two

stage process of energy transfer, kerma and absorbed dose, exposure and determination of absorbed dose in phantom using ionisation chamber with exposure quantities. While under

the topic of radiation measurement, different types of ionisation chamber, solid state

detector, chemical dosimetry, thermoluminescence dosimeter, film dosimeter and

calorimeter are discussed. In x-ray and gamma-ray beam interaction with scattering medium, tissue to air ratio, back-scattered factor, percentage depth dose, tissue to phamtom

ratio, calculations of dose delivered to patient and to any point will be discussed. In the

topic of external beam therapy machine, the topics that are discussed include superficial x-ray machine, internal x-ray therapy machine, linear accelator and Co-60. Lastly

radiotherapy services in Malaysia will be explained too.

References Johns, H.E. & Cunningham, J.R. 1983. The Physics of Radiology. 4

th. Ed. Springfield:

Charles C. Thomas Publ.

Mould, R.F. 1981. Radiotherapy Treatment Planning. Bristol: Adam Hilger Ltd.

Rajan, K.N.G. 1992. Advanced Medical Radiation Dosimetry. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited.

Stanton, R. & Stinson, D. 1996. Applied Physics for Radiation Oncology. Wisconsin:

Medical Physics Publ. Williams, J.R. & Thwaites, D.I. 1993. Radiotherapy Physics. New York: Oxford

University Press.

STSP6533 Medical Nuclear Physics This course exposes the students to the applications of physics in nuclear medicine. The

topics that are discussed are nuclear medicine, measurement and intrumentations, and

radiopharmaceutical. In nuclear medicine the topics that are discussed are imaging


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technique using radioactive tracer, absorbed dose from radionuclides in human body and

acceptable dose in nuclear medicine. While in the topic measurement and intrumentation,

the topics that are discussed include radioactivity measurement, Geiger counter, scintillation counting, gamma spectrometry, gas-filled and semiconductor detectors,

sample and whole body counting, radioisotopes scanner, gamma camera and selection of

operation parameters and intruments. In the topics of radiopharceutical, radiactive nuclide

generation, radiopharmaceutical, laboratory facilities and its procedures safety in nuclear medicine department will be discussed.

References Faires, R.A. & Boswell. 1981. Radioisotope Laboratory Techniques. 4

th. Ed. London:

Butterworths.

Hobbie, R.K. 1988. Intermediate Physics for Medicine and Biology. 2nd.

Ed. New York:

John Wiley & Sons. Parker, R.P., Smith, P.H.S. & Taylor, D.M. 1984. Basic Science of Nuclear Medicine. 2

nd.

Ed. New York: Churchill Livingstone.

Supian Bin Samat & Evans, C.J. 1992. Statistics and Nuclear Counting-Theory, Problems and Solutions. Serdang: Universiti Pertanian Malaysia Press.

Rachel, A., Powsner, M. & Powsner, E.R. 1998. Essentials of Nuclear Medicine Physics.

London: Blackwell Science Inc.

STSP6713 Statistical Mechanics This course discusses topics on statistical ensembles (microcanonical, canonical, grand

canonical, and mixed ensemble), partition function and free energies for these ensembles and their use in deriving thermodynamic quantities. Mayer functions and some models of

liquids using hypernetted chain equations. Fluctuation dissipation theorem. 2-d and 3 d

Ising model. Phase transitions and their characterization using Ising models. Landau-

Ginsburg models applied to magnetic, liquid crystals and solids. Superfluidity, superconductivity and Bose-Einstein condensate. Thermodynamics application in X-ray

and light scattering, statictical mechanics of nanomaterial systems and fluid membranes.

References Baracca, A. Livi, R. & Ruffio, S. 2002. Statistical Mechanics: Foundations, Problems,

Perspectives. World Scientific

Bowley, R. & Sanchez, M. 2000. Introductory Statistical Mechanics. 2nd.

Ed. Oxford University Press

Glazer, A. M. & Wark, J. S. 2002. Statistical Mechanics: A Survival Guide. Oxford

University Press.

Debashish Chowdhury & Dietrich Stauffer. 2000. Principles of Equilibrium Dalvit, Statistical Mechanics. Wiley-VCH.

D. A. R. Frastal, J. & Lawrie, I. D. 2000. Problems in Statistical Mechanics. IOP Press. STSP6723 Introduction to Nonlinear Dynamics Theory This course introduces the theory of nonlinear dynamics in a number of physical and

engineering systems. It starts with nonlinear systems, chaos, universality of chaos, and the


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dynamics of state space for one, two and three dimensions. We will also discuss iterated

maps, quasi-periodicity, Hamiltonian systems and quantifying chaos. Specific concepts to

be covered include the Lorenz model, Feigenbaum number, self-similarity, scaling, Jacobian matrix, attractor, Poincare section, Lyapunov exponent, fractal dimension and

correlation dimension.

References Hilborn, R. C. 2000. Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics: An Introduction for Scientists and

Engineers. 2nd.

Ed. UK: Oxford University Press.

Kapitaniak, T. 1996. Controlling Chaos. New York: Academic Press. Ott, E. 2002. Chaos in Dynamical Systems. 2

nd. Ed. UK: Cambridge University Press.

Strogatz, S. H. 2001. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos: With Applications to Physics,

Biology, Chemistry and Engineering. Colorado: Perseus Books. McCauley, J. L. 1993. Chaos, Dynamics and Fractals: An Algorithmic Approach to

Deterministic Chaos. UK: Cambridge University Press.

STSP6733 Fluctuations in Physical Systems This course introduces fluctuation theory in various physical systems, and their

applications in solving physical problems. It starts with discussions on basic statistics and probability. Then we cover examples of fluctuations - thermal, electrical and chemical.

Then we learn about advanced fluctuation theories - Nyquist theorem and its applications,

fluctuation-dissipation theorem, diffusion process models and diffusion dynamical

equations, quantum fluctuation, vacuum fluctuation, and stochastic mechanics as an alternative formulation for quantum mechanics.

References Doering, C.R., Kiss, L.B. & Shesinger, M.F. (pnyt.). 1997. Unsolved Problems of Noise in

Physics, Biology, Electronic Technology and Information Technology. Singapore:

World Scientific.

Kogan, S. 1996. Electronic Noises and Fluctuations in Solids. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Pecseli, H.L. 2000. Fluctuation in Physical Systems. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press.

van der Ziel, A. 1986. Noise in Solid State Devices and Circuits. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

van Kampen, N.G. 1981. Stochastic Processes in Physics and Chemistry. Amsterdam:

North Holland.

STSP6743 Space Physics In this course, students will deal with space plasmas – the fourth state of matter – that

largely pervade space environments. Students will learn the different theories conceived and used to describe the behavior of plasmas, paying careful attention to electromagnetic

properties that set plasmas uniquely apart from other states of matter. Students will apply

these basic theories of plasma to investigate several astrophysical bodies and processes. Students will also be aware of the role of technology in monitoring and probing plasma

environments and processes via satellites. The detection of rays and particles from space


329

will also be discussed. Finally an overview of space law and policy will be provided in

order to acquaint the students with the various geopolitical, legal and ethical issues

concerning the proper use of space

References Harra L. K., Keith O Mason. 2004. Space Science. London: Imperial College Press

Kivelson M. G. , Russel C. T. 1995. Introduction to space physics. Cambridge University

Press.

Baumjohann W., Treumann R. A. 1996. Basic space plasma physics. London : Imperial College Press

Hale Bradt. 2004. Astronomy Methods: A Physics Approach to Astronomical Observation.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Kulsrud R. M. 2005. Plasma physics for astrophysics. Princeton. Princeton University

Press

Rasiakangas, R. 2001. Oulu Space Physics: An Introduction to Plasmas and Particles in

the Heliosphere and Manetospheres. 2nd.

Ed. New York: Spinger Verlag. Committee on Assessment of the Role of Solar and Space Physics in NASA's Space

Exploration Initiative, National Research Council. 2004. Solar and Space Physics and

its Role in Space Exploration.

STSP6753 Physics of Modern Imaging This course discusses the theories and physical concepts of modern imaging in different applied topics. It introduces two imaging waves, namely electromagnetic wave and sound

wave (acoustic); and considers the wave and particle properties and the related quantum

effects. The production, focusing, detection and image construction will be discussed

based on these properties. Then, we review the different optical instruments and their applications in the fields of astronomy, medicine, and industry and science. Finally, we

introduce a number of digital image processing techniques for the acquired images.

References Gonzalez, R. C. 1992. Digital Image Processing. 3

rd. Ed. New York: Addison-Wesley.

Jain, A.K. 1998. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

McLean, I. 1997. Electronic Imaging in Astronomy: Detectors and Instrumentation. Chichester, UK: John Wiley.

Sanchez, J. & Canton, M. P. 1999. Space Image Processing. New York: CRC Press.

Sprawls, P. 1993. Physical Principles of Medical Imaging. 2nd.

Ed. Madison: Medical Physics Publ.

STSP6773 Chemical Modification of Wood This course provides an introduction to the native properties of woods and how modification can be used to alter their properties. This course also discusses the

disadvantages and problems of wood, such as dimensional changes in response to

atmospheric conditions, susceptibility to biological attack and changes in appearance when exposed to weathering place restrictions on the potential end-uses of wood. Different type


330

of wood modifications, i.e. chemical modification, thermal modification, surface

modification, and impregnation modification will be introduced using appropriate

example. Example of a number of commercialized products of wood modifications will also be discussed.

References Boding, J. & Jayne, B.A. 1993. Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites. Florida:

Kriegler Publ. Co

Hill, C.A.S. 2006. Wood Modification Chemical, Thermal and Other Processes.

Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.

Hons, D.N.S. & Shiraishi, N. 1998. Wood and Cellulose Chemistry. New York Marcel and Dekker

Lewin, M. & Goldstein, I. 1991. Wood Structure and Composotion. New York: Marcel

Dekker Inc.

STSP6783 Paper Chemistry This course provides an introduction to the most important parts of the process of making paper in which chemistry plays a role. From the conversion of wood into pulp to the

formation of the final paper sheet, paper manufacture processes involves a large amount of

chemistry. During the pulp bleaching process, residue lignin is removed using numerous

methods and the chemistry involves is critically important. A great deal of chemistry is involved in this formation process, especially as it is often necessary for the sheet to be

modified in order to give it properties which are appropriate to its end use. The sheet

formation process involves a considerable amount of colloid and surface chemistry which can be manipulated by the total fibre charge which polymer chemistry and environmental

and analytical chemistry play an important part (dry and wet strength). The utilization of

retention aids and sizing agents to modify the paper properties will be introduced. The

concept of fibre charge determination methods, such as zeta potential, conductometric and potentiometric tritrations, will also be discussed.

References Casey, J. P. 1983. Chemistry and Chemical Technology of Pulp and Paper. Vol I-IV. New

York: Interscience. Robert, J. C. 1991. Paper Chemistry. New York: Chapman and Hall.

Robert, J. C. 1996. The Chemistry of Paper. Cambridge: The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Sixta, H. 2006. Handbook of Pulp. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.

Smook, G. A. 2002. Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologists. Vancouver: Angus Wilde Publications.

Smook, G. A. M. 1986. Handbook for Pulp and Paper Technologist. Atlanta: TAPPI.

STSP6972 Research Project I This course is aim at training students to study specific topics through extensive readings

and guided research. Students are required to prepare a literature survey of a chosen topic


331

and to prepare a proposal of the research that will be conducted in STSP6986 Research

Projects II.






Centre, UKM.


th. Ed. Jacksonville. Alabama.

STSP6986 Research Project II This course offers student the opportunity to do research on specific topics of interest under the supervision of one or a group of supervisors. The research can be conducted






Ed. London: An Arnold Publication.

Hafriza Burhanudeen (Editor). 2005. The UKM Style Guide. Bangi: Graduate Studies

Centre, UKM.



MASTER OF SCIENCE (RADIATION AND NUCLEAR

SAFETY)

Introduction This programmed is based on continuous assessment of all courses given. For Practical works, students are required to hand in laboratory reports. Seminars and Technical visits

(even though not accounted) are compulsory. This Programmed is offered Full Time.

Objective programmed are:

i. To prepare and to develop competent, skillful and professional human capital in the

field of nuclear and radiation safety in line with rapid progress in radiation technology

in the industrial sector, medicine and health in the world. ii. To full fill a vision of academic excellence in the field of radiation and nuclear safety.

iii. To establish Malaysia as an educational hub of higher learning in the field of radiation

and nuclear safety.


332

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for the postgraduate programmed must have the following

qualifications:

a) Bachelor of Science with a good Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) or any

other university approved by the Senate; or

b) Post Graduate Diploma in Radiation Protection with a CGPA 3.0 or above or its

equivalent approved by the Senate; or

c) Other qualifications of the same level as a Bachelor in Science or experience approved

by the Senate;

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO) PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the current radiation and nuclear safety

knowledge holistically.

PEO2: To produce a graduate who is competent in soft skills.


PEO4: To produce a graduate who is able to contribute to other disciplines in order to



333


PO1: Masters in radiation and nuclear safety knowledge which can contribute to other disciplines.

PO2: Having in-depth technical competence in radiation and nuclear safety and able to

undertake problem identification, formulation and solution.

PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate radiation and nuclear safety knowledge effectively.

PO4: Competence to conduct research & development in radiation and nuclear safety

and possess high creativity and innovative skills. PO5: Possess moral, ethical and professional values and environmentally concern.


PO7: Possess entrepreneurship and leadership skills effectively. PO8: Willingness to explore and adopt long life learning.

PO9: Possess high confidence, self-esteem and open minded.

Programme Structure

All candidates in this programmed must following the curriculum structure were contains

46 credit hours. Students must pass all 46 credit hours to be awarded the Master and are subjected to Master and PhD for Graduate Studies Act (see Graduate Studies Act and

Table for Graduate Studies Act published by Graduate Studies Center, UKM).

SEMESTER CORE COURSE TOTAL

I


STSN6012 Interaction of Radiation with

Matters STSN6132 Regulatory Controls

STSN6212 Quantities and Measurements

STSN6312 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on

STSN6422 Principles of Radiation Protection STSN6614 Practical I

STSN6972 Research Project I

20

II

STSN6052 Intervention for Protection of the

Public

STSN6142 Environmental Engineering of

Nuclear Power

STSN6222 Internal Exposure Assessment

STSN6322 Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards

STSN6412 Radioactive Waste Management

STSN6512 Medical Exposure

24


334

STSN6522 Protection Against Occupational

Exposure

STSN6624 Practical II

STSN6986 Research Project II

TOTAL 46 44

Courses Offered STPD6014 Research Methodology

STSN6012 Interaction of Radiation with Matters STSN6052 Intervention for Protection of the Public

STSN6132 Regulatory Controls

STSN6142 Environmental Engineering of Nuclear Power STSN6212 Quantities and Measurements

STSN6222 Internal Exposure Assessment

STSN6312 Effects of Ionizing Radiation on

STSN6322 Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards STSN6412 Radioactive Waste Management

STSN6422 Principles of Radiation Protection

STSN6512 Medical Exposure STSN6522 Protection against Occupational Exposure

STSN6614 Practical I

STSN6624 Practical II

STSN6972 Research Project I STSN6986 Research Project II

Course Content STSN6012 Interaction of Radiation with Matters This course covers an introduction to radiation protection and safety of radiation sources,

basic nuclear physic and mathematics including statistics used in radiation protection. This course also includes interaction of radiation with matter and sources of radiation and also

detection and measurement of quantum particles.

References Cember, H. 2000. Introduction to Health Physics. 3

rd. Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Knoll, G.F. 1979. Radiation Detection and Measurements. New York: John Wiley.

Krane, K.S. 1988. Introduction to Nuclear Physics. New York: John Wiley. Lyon, L. 1986. Statistics for Nuclear and Particle Physics. UK: Cambridge Univ. Press.

Martin, J. 2000. Physics for Radiation Protection. New York:Wiley-Interscience

Publication.


335

STSN6052 Intervention for Protection of the Public This course covers awareness due to chronic exposure, radiological and nuclear accidents.

It also covers basic of emergency procedures, evaluation and monitoring in emergency situation and radiological and nuclear accidents.

References Byrnes, M.E., King, D. A. & Tierno, P.M. 2003. Nuclear, Chemical, and Biological

Terrorism: Emergency Response and Public Protection. CRC Publications.

IAEA. 1989. IAEA Safety Series No. 91 - Emergency Planning and Preparedness for

Accidents Involving Radioactive Materials Used in Medicine, Industry, Research and Training. Vienna: IAEA.

IAEA. 1993. A Model National Emergency Response Plan for Radiological Accidents,

IAEA-TECDOC-718. Vienna: IAEA. Johns, H.E. & Cunningham, J.R.1983. The Physics for Radiology. Illinois: Charles

Thomas Pub.

Martin, A. & Horbison, A.S. 1979. An Introduction to Radiation Protection. Chapman

and Hall. Swindon, T.N. 1987. Manual on the Medical Management of Individuals Involved in

Radiation Accident, Australian Radiation Lab.

STSN6132 Regulatory Control This course is aim at discussing the scope and framework of basic regulation and the

regulatory body involved in radiation protection. It also covers effective regulatory programmed in radiation protection.

References IAEA. 1989. Safety Series No. 91. Emergency Planning and Preparedness for Accidents

Involving Radioactive Materials Used in Medicine, Industry, Research and Training.

IAEA. Vienna.

IAEA. 1999. IAEA-TECDOC-1113. Safety Assessments Plans for Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources. Vienna: IAEA.

IAEA. 2000. Legal and Governmental Infrastructure for Nuclear, Radiation, Radioactive

Waste and Transport Safety, Safety Standards Series No. GSR-1. Vienna: IAEA.

IAEA. 2001. Safety Standards Series RS.G-1.4. Building Competence in Radiation Protection and the Safe Use of Radiation Sources. Vienna: IAEA.

Wade, H. L. 2004. Basic and Advanced Regulatory Control: Design and Application. ISA

Publications.

STSN6142 Environmental Engineering of Nuclear Power This course covers the environmental effects of nuclear power and radiations. Radiological assessment methods and characterizing the various radiation sources are deals directly with

analysis. Liquid effluent management and dispersion of gaseous radioactive nuclides and

transport or migration of radioactivity through surface water, underground water and

biosphere are described. Finally environmental pathway modeling is examined and compared.


336

References IAEA. 1996. IAEA, FAO, ILO, OECD, PAHO, WHO. 1996. Safety Series no 115.

International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources. Vienna: IAEA.

IAEA & ILO. 1999. Safety Standards Series no. RS-G-1.3. Assessment of Occupational

Exposure due to External Sources of Radiation. IAEA. Vienna.

IAEA. 2004. Assessment of Occupational Exposure due to External Source of Radiation. Vienna: IAEA.

ICRU. 1993. Report no.51. Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry.

ICRU. 1998. Report no. 60. Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionizing Radiation.

STSN6212 Quantities and Measurements This course covers dosimetric quantities, units and calculation . It also includes dosimetric calculations and measurements, principles of radiation protection and measurements.

Besides that it also discusses on the choice of detectors suitable for radiation field

involved.

References Attix, F.H. 1986. Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry. New

York: John Wiley. Graham, D. T. & Cloke, P. 2003. Principal of Radiological Physics. New York: Churchill

Livingstone Publications.

ICRU.1993. Report 51 -Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry. ICRU. 1998. Report 60 - Fundamental Quantities and Units for Ionising Radiation.

Knoll, G.T. 2000. Radiation Detection and Measurement. 3rd.

Ed. New York: Wiley

STSN6222 Internal Exposure Assessment This course covers assessment of occupational exposure due to intakes of radionuclides. It

also covers monitoring programmes, biokinetic models used by ICRP, calculations of

committed effective dose, calibration and quality assurance.

References Aichinger, H., Diecker, J., Joite-Barful, S. & Sabel, M. 2003. Radiation Exposure and

Image Quality in X-Ray Diagnostic Radiology: Physical Principles and Clinical Applications. Springer.

IAEA & ILO. 1999. Safety Standards Series no. RS-G-1.2. Assessment of Occupational

Exposure due to Intakes of Radionuclides. Vienna: IAEA. ICRP. 1994. Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection. Publication no.

66. Ann. ICRP 24 1-3. Elsevier Science Ltd. Oxford.

ICRP. 1994. Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers (Replacement of ICRP Publication No. 61), Publication No. 68, Ann. ICRP 24 4. Oxford: Elsevier

Science Ltd.

ICRP. 1996. Age Dependent Doses to Members of the Public from Intakes of

Radionuclides: Part 5: Compilation of Ingestion and Inhalation Coefficients, Publication No. 72. Ann. ICRP 26 1. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd.


337

STSN6312 Effect of Ionising Radiation on Biological Systems This course covers the mechanisme of the effects of radiation at molecular and cellular

level. It is aim at presenting models used in determining the risk coefficients and estimating effects. This includes radiation effects at the molecular level, deterministic

effect and stochastic effects.

References Dahlgraad, H. (Editor). 1994. Nordic Radioecology- The Transfer of Radionuclides

Through Nordic Ecosystems to Man. Elsevier, Amsterdam. IAEA. 1998. Safety Reports Series no. 2. Diagnosis and Treatment of Radiation Injuries.

Vienna: IAEA.

Pattenden, N. J. 2003. Introduction to Radioecology. Springer-Verlag. Schultz, V. & F.W Whicker.1982. Radioecological Techniques. Plenum Press New York

and London.

United Nations. 1994. Report to the General Assembly. Sources and Effects of Ionizing

Radiation. New York: Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) UN.

STSN6322 Nuclear Safety, Security and Safeguards This course covers introduction to national and regional systems for nuclear safety,

physical protection of nuclear materials and facilities, detection and response, principles of

nuclear safeguards, nuclear material accountancy, integrated safeguards, containment and surveillance, satellite monitoring and international law.

References IAEA. 2004. Regulatory Control of Radiation Sources. Safety Guide No GS-G1.5. 2004. IAEA. 2003. Security of Radioactive Sources. IAEA-TecDoc. 1355. 2003

IAEA. 2004. Strengthening Control Over Radioactive Sources in Authorized Us and

Regaining Control Over Orphan Sources. IAEA. 2005. Nuclear Security, Global Directions for the Future. Proceedings of

International Conference. London. March 2005.

IAEA. 2003. Nuclear Safety Review 2002. IAEA Publication.

STSN6412 Radioactive Waste Management This course covers types of nuclear waste, waste classification and overall management

like treatment and disposal of radioactive waste from NPP and treatment facilities, solidification and volume reduction technology, package and transportation, interim

storage and disposal repository, repository safety analysis, decommission an

decontamination, and spent fuel management are treated in this course. References IAEA. 1995. IAEA TECDOC -804- Methods to Identify and Locate Spent Radiation

Sources. IAEA. Vienna.


338

IAEA. 1999. IAEA Training Course series no. 1- Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials.

IAEA. Vienna.

ICRP. 1991. Recommendations of the International Commission of Radiological Protection, ICRP Publication 60, 1990.

ICRP. 2000. Protection of the Public in Situations of Prolonged Radiation Exposures,

ICRP Publication 82. 2000.

Kieffer, J. 1990. Biological Radiation Effects. Springer Verlag. Berlin. STSN6422 Principles and Radiation Protection This course covers basic conceptual framework of International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the role of other organizations or agencies such as

International Organizations in Radiation Protection, International Atomic Energy Agency

(IAEA), United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR), International Labour Organization (ILO), World Health Organization

(WHO) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Nuclear Energy

Agency of OECD (NEA/OECD) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in

radiation protection.

References IAEA. 1997. Safety Report Series no. 1 - Examples of Safety Culture Practices.

International Atomic Energy Agency. IAEA. Vienna.

ICRP. 1991. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological

Protection, Publication No.60, Ann. ICRP 21 1–3, Pergamon Press.Oxford and New York

ICRU. 1993. Report no 51. Quantities and Units in Radiation Protection Dosimetry.

International Atomic Energy Agency.

Shapiro, J. 2002. Radiation Protection: A Guide for Scientists and Physicians. Harvard Univ. Press

UNSCEAR. 1994. Reports to the General Assembly. Sources and Effects of Ionizing

Radiation. International Atomic Energy Agency.

STSN6432 Training the Trainer and Technical This course is aim at instilling skills in organizing trainings. It covers general consideration

for individuals to be trained and the types of training, individual traits, how to teach in a group, course design and evaluation. This is a also include as an option a 2 weeks

industrial visit to various industries, hospital and the regulatory board novel in the using or

regulating the use of radioactive sources.

References IAEA. 1989. Safety Series No.91. Emergency Planning and Preparedness for Accidents

Involving Radioactive Materials Used in Medicine, Industry, Research and

Training. International Atomic Energy Agency. IAEA. Vienna.

IAEA. 1996. IAEA, FAO, ILO, OECD, PAHO, WHO. 1996. Safety Series No 115.

International Basic Safety Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and


339

for the Safety of Radiation Sources. International Atomic Energy Agency. IAEA.

Vienna.

IAEA. 1999. Draft Safety Guide I. Training in Radiation Protection and the Safety of Radiation Sources. International Atomic Energy Agency. IAEA. Vienna.

IAEA. 2001. Safety Standards Series RS.G-1.4. Building Competence in Radiation

Protection and the Safe Use of Radiation Sources. International Atomic Energy

Agency. IAEA. Vienna. STSN6512 Medical Exposure This course covers scope and responsibilities, justification of medical exposures, optimization of protection for medical exposures, quality assurance and accidental

exposures in medical applications. Beside these it also discusses cases of exposure

accidents in the medical field. References Attix, F.H. 1986. Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry, John

Wiley & Sons. Ball, J. & Moore, A.D. 1998. Essential Physics for Radiographers, Blackwell Science Inc.

Knoll, G.F. 1979. Radiation Detection and Measurement, John Wiley & Sons.

Sharp, C., Schrimpton, J. A. & Bury, R.F. 2000. Diagnostic Medical Exposures. NRPB Publications.

Wagner, G. 1995. Principles of Nuclear Medicines, Saunders Pub., Philadelphia, USA.

STSN6522 Protection Against Occupational Exposure This course covers organization and managements, methods of protection and safe use of

radiation sources. It also covers individual and workplace monitoring, health surveillance

and potential exposures. This includes protection against occupational exposure in

industrial radiography, industrial irradiators and accelerator, gauging devices, well logging devices, radioisotope production plants, nuclear medicine.

References Halmshaw, R. 1982. Industrial Radiography; Theory and Practice, Elsevier. IAEA. 1995. Safety Series no. 111-F. The Principles of Radioactive Waste management.

International Atomic Energy Agency. IAEA. Vienna.

IAEA. 2001. Draft Safety Guide - Occupational Radiation Protection. International Atomic Energy Agency. IAEA. Vienna.

ICRP. 1997. Protection from Potential Exposures: Application to Selected Radiation

Sources, Publication No. 76, Ann. ICRP 27 2, Elsevier Science Ltd, Oxford. Rao, R., Majali, S., Despande, S. & Murthy, K. 1984. Industrial Applications of

Radioisotopes and Radiation. John Wiley Publication.

STSN6614 Practical I

This course involve practical and demonstration and presentation of different types of , ,

and n radiation sources and explanation of their application. It also covers demonstration of radioactive decay: charts of nuclides, use of books and software for sources of nuclear


340

data, measurement of half-life. of absorption of beta radiation within sources of different

thickness („self-absorption‟). It also includes neutron detection and spectrometry using

BF3 detectors and polyethylene moderator spheres. References Annual Book ASTM Standards. 1992. Nuclear, Solar and Geothermal Energy.

Philadelphia: American Society for testing and Materials.

Faires, R.A. & Boswell, G.G.J. 1981. Radioisotopes Laboratory Techniques. 4th Ed.

London: Butterworth Publication. IAEA. 1998. IAEA Draft Safety Report, 1998 – Training courses in Radiation Protection

Dosimetry.

Knoll G.F. 1989. Radiation Detection and Measurement. New York. John Wiley & Sons. Tait, W.H. 1980. Radiation Detection. London: Butterworth Publication.

Supian bin Samat & Evans, C.J. 1992. Statistics and Nuclear Counting – Theory,

Problems and Solutions, Universiti Putra Malaysia Press, 43400 Serdang, ISBN

967-9952-76-2.

STSN6624 Practical II This course covers practical in preparation of organisational chart including highlight on radiation protection programme in hospitals, radiotheraphy, diagnostic radiology and

nuclear medicine) and in industrial facilities sauch as gamma irradiator. It also covers

shielding form X-rays, ALARA Principles and the use of PPE. This includes workplace monitoring and the use of gross alpha and beta counters and spectrometry.

References Annual Book ASTM Standards. 1992. Nuclear, Solar and Geothermal Energy.

Philadelphia: American Society for testing and Materials. Faires, R.A. & Boswell, G.G.J. 1981. Radioisotopes Laboratory Techniques. 4

th Ed.

London: Butterworth Publication.

IAEA. 1998. IAEA Draft Safety Report, 1998 – Training courses in Radiation Protection Dosimetry.

Knoll G.F. 1989. Radiation Detection and Measurement. New York. John Wiley & Sons.

Tait, W.H. 1980. Radiation Detection. London: Butterworth Publication.

STSN6972 Research Project I This course is aim at training students to study specific topics on radiation protection

through extensive readings and guided research. Students are required to prepare a literature survey of a chosen topic and to prepare a proposal of the research that will be

conducted in STSN6986 RESEARCH PROJECTS II.


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. Ed. London: An Arnold Publication.


UKM.



STSN6976 Research Project II This course offers student the opportunity to do research on specific topics of interest under the supervision of one or a group of supervisors. The research can be conducted







Publication.


UKM. Ismail Ahmad. 1996. Penulisan Saintifik. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Palya, W. L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. 5th.

Ed. Jacksonville. Alabama.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (INDUSTRIAL SAFETY MANAGEMENT) - EXECUTIVE

Introduction

UKM is one of the pioneers in this field since 1999. The fundamental core knowledge in this programme includes Occupational Safety Management System, Risk and Hazard

Assessment, Explosive and Fire Safety, Ergonomics, Organizational and Industrial

Psychology, Radiation and Chemical Safety, Mechanical and Electrical Safety, Biological and Environmental Safety, and Environmental and Industrial Law.

Course content is delivered to students through lectures, practical, fieldwork, industrial visits and research projects. Course assessment is carried out in the form of examination

and quizzes, assignments, practical reports, fieldwork reports, research project reports and

oral presentations. This programme is offered in executive mode and only offered once in

each academic session.

Entry Requirements


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Candidates applying for the Master of Science (Industrial Safety Management) programme

must have the following qualifications: -

a) Bachelors degree with a Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of 2.7 or above in

the fields of Science, Technology or Engineering from UKM or its equivalent

approved by the Senate;

or b) Graduate Diploma in Industrial Safety Management from UKM with a CGPA of 3.0 or

above

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO)

PEO 1: To produce a graduate with outstanding moral and character.

PEO 2: To produce a graduate who is able and competent PEO 3: To produce a graduate who can apply knowledge of industrial safety management

scientifically

PEO 4: To produce a graduate who is professional and commensurate with the demand of development in their time

PROGRAMME LEARNING OUTCOMES (PLO)

PLO1: Master the field of industrial safety

PLO 2: Applies practical skills in the field of industrial safety

PLO 3: Correlate ideas and expertise to current community issues

PLO 4: Carry out research with minimum supervision and abides by the law, etiquettes and codes of professional conduct

PLO 5: Displays leadership qualities through communication and effective cooperation

amongst colleagues and stakeholders.

PLO 6: Propose solutions to problems with scientific skills and critical thinking PLO 7: Manage related information for lifelong learning


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Programme Structure

This programme is only offered in executive mode and is carried out in the semester

system, which is 3 semesters executed at weekends. Students are required to register and

pass core courses which overall carries 40 notional credits.

Courses Offered

Z1LK 6013 Environmental and Industrial Law

Z1LK 6023 Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

Z1LK 6033 Occupational Safety Management Z1LK 6043 Advanced Organisational and Industrial Psychology

Z1LK 6053 Occupational Health Management

Z1LK 6063 Fire Prevention, Explosion and Toxic Release Z1LK 6073 Ergonomics

Z1LK 6123 Mechanical and Electrical Safety Management

SEMESTER PROGRAMME CORE COURSES TOTAL

I


Z1LK 6033

Occupational Safety Management Z1LK 6063

Fire Prevention, Explosion and Toxic Release

9

II

Z1LK 6013

Environmental and Industrial Law Z1LK 6043

Advanced Organisational and Industrial Psychology

Z1LK 6053

Occupational Health Management Z1LK 6073

Ergonomics

Z1LK 6014 Research Project 1

16

III

Z1LK 6123

Mechanical and Electrical Safety Management

Z1LK 6173 Radiation and Chemical Safety Management

Z1LK 6193

Biological and Environmental Safety Management Z1LK 6016

Research Project 2

15

TOTAL CREDIT HOURS 40


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Z1LK 6193 Biological and Environmental Safety Management

Z1LK 6014 Research Project 1 Z1LK 6016 Research Project 2

Course Content

Z1LK 6013 Environmental and Industrial Law

This course discusses legal aspects related health and safety at work. Prior to discussion of

the relevant legal provisions, students will be introduced to the general overview of the Malaysian legal system. Employer and employee responsibility related to workplace safety

is also discussed. The aspect of environmental law is also given to the students.

References Ahmad Ibrahim & Ahilemah Joned. 1995. The Malaysian Legal System (2nd. edition).

Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Francis McManus 1994, Environmental Health Law, Blackstone, London.

IT. Smith & J.C. Wood, 1986, Industrial Law, Butterworth, London. Jamaluddin Md. Jahi (ed.). 2000. Pengurusan Persekitaran Di Malaysia: Isu Dan

Cabaran. Bangi: Pusat Pengajian Siswazah, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Jamaluddin Md. Jahi. 1999. Striking A Balance Between Environment And Development: Is Malaysia Prepared To Manage The Environment To Face Challenges In The

Next Millennium. Centre for Graduate Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Bangi.

John Munkunan, 1990, Employer’s Liability, at Common Law, Butterworth, London. Richard Johnstone, 1997, Occupational Health and Safety, Law and Policy, LBC

Information Services, New South Wales.

Welford, R. 1996. Corporate Environmental Management: Systems and Strategies. London: Earthscan Publications Limited.

IT. Smith & J.C. Wood, 1986, Industrial Law, Butterworth, London.

Richard Johnstone, 1997, Occupational Health and Safety, Law and Policy, LBC Information Services, New South Wales.

John Munkunan, 1990, Employer’s Liability, at Common Law, Butterworth, London.


This course covers topics, which include Introduction to Hazard System, Methods of

Analysing Process Hazards, Potential Assessment due to Hazards, and determination and assessment of risk from the industry. Topics of discussion in this course include Hazards

and the Hazard System; Methods of analysing process hazards such as checklist, what-if

analysis, hazard rating, failure mode and effect analysis, HAZOP, fault tree and event tree; and estimation and assessment of risk.


345

References CCPS, 2008, Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures, AIChE, New York CCPS, 1999, Guidelines for consequence analysis of chemical releases, AIChE, New York

Charles A. Wentz, (1998), “Safety, Health and Environmental Protection”, McGraw Hill,

Singapore.

Crowl, D.A & Louvar, J.F., (1990), “Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals with Applications”, Prentice Hall, USA.

Hyatt, N. 2003, Guidelines for process hazard analysis, hazard Identification and Risk

Analysis, Daydem Press, Toronto, Canada Lees, F.P (1996), “Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 1, 2, 3”, 2nd. Ed.,

Butterworth-Hinemann, UK

Marshall, V. & Ruhemann, S. (2001), “Fundamentals of Process Safety”, IChemE, UK

Z1LK 6033 Occupational Safety Management

This course will focus on important aspects in general occupational safety and health

management system especially OHSAS 18001 and MS1722. Discussions will inlude topics, including the formulation and realization of the safety and health policy,

organisation and arrangements. Occupational safety and health management will be

discussed as an important and integral part of total management taking into consideration the relevant legislative requirements. All the above discussions will be based on the

principle of self-regulation to ensure efficient and effective continuous management.

References

Ismail, B. (2006) Pengurusan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan. McGraw Hill

(Malaysia)

Bahr, N.J. (1997) System Safety Engineering and Risk Assessment: A Practical Approach. Taylor & Francis.

Keller, J.J. and Associates Inc. (1999) Safety Manager’s Handbook. American

Management Association International. Safety Management Series. Wentz, C. A (1999) Safety, Health, and Environmental Protection. McGraw Hill

International Editions

Occupational Safety and Health Act, 514, (1994) and all Regulations and Order made under it

Z1LK 6043 Advanced Organisational and Industrial Psychology This course focuses on the two main branches of organisational and industrial psychology,

which is organisation, and personnel psychology. Personnel psychology/ human resource

management covers topics of occupation analysis, performance assessment, training and development, and personnel choice. Organisation psychology will include topics related to

motivation, leadership, personality, and work satisfaction, communication, decision-

making and stress and worker wellbeing. To ensure the diverse roles of organisational and

industrial psychology is understood, students are asked to organise


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workshops/seminars/field training, with the purpose of applying the learned topics into the

field of worker safety.

Refernces Aamodt, M.G. 2010. Applied Industrial/Organizational Psychology. 6

th Edition. Pacific

Grove: Brooks/Cole

Landy, F.J. & Conte, J.M. 2004. Work in the 21st Century: An Introduction to Industrial

and Organizational Psychology. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole. Muchinsky, P.M. 2006. Psychology Applied to Work: An Introduction to Industrial and

Orgnizational Psychology. 6th Edition.Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole

Riggio, R.E. 2000. Introduction to Industrial/Organizational Psychology. 3rd

Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Schultz, D. & Schultz, S.E. 2002. Psychology and Work Today: An Introduction to

Industrial and Organizational Psychology. 8th Edition. Upper Saddle River, New


Z1LK 6053 Occupational Health Management This course basically covers preventive diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of

occupational diseases, which are caused by biological, physical, chemical or psychological

factors at the work place. Management of diseases related to occupation is emphasised.

References LaDou, J. 2006. Current Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 4th Edition. New

York: J. McGraw-Hill/Appleton & Lange Medical Books. Adams PH, Baxter PJ Aw TC & Cockrof Harrington JM. 2000. Hunter’s Diseases of

Occupations, 9th Ed. Oxford University Press.

Glass LS, ed. 2004. Occupational Medicine Practice Guidelines, 2nd Ed.

Hendrick D, Beckett W, Burge PS, Churg A. 2002. Occupational Disorders of the Lung. Nordin M, Andersson G, Pope M. 2007 Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Workplace:

Principles and Practice. 2nd Ed.

Marks JG, Elsner P, DeLeo VA. 2002.Contact and Occupational Dermatology, 3rd Ed.

Z1LK 6063 Fire Prevention, Explosion and Toxic Release

This course gives a clear view of the concepts related to fire prevention, explosion and toxic release. Topics discussed are related to the basic principles of flame and fire, which is

the main cause of fire, explosion and toxic released incidents. Even though incidents of

explosions and toxic release can occur without the presence of fire, it may in the result in a

fire accident. Consequently, topics related to introduction to fire, explosion and toxic release prevention and how to carry out prevention, which includes the management that is

the safe workflow and safety planning. At the end of the course, students will be exposed

to the need of an emergency response plan and accident investigation.


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References James G.Quintire 1998, Principles of Fire Behavior.

Paul Stollard and John Abrahams 2006, Fire from first Principles, A design guide to building fire Safety.Daniel A Crowl/Joseph F. Louvar 2002, Chemical Process

Safety, Fundamentals with Application.

Randall Noon 1995, Enginering Analysis of Fire and Explosions.

R. Craig Schroll 2002, Industrial Fire Protection Handbook. Raymond Friedman 1998, Priciples of fire protection Chemistry and physics.

Norman Thomson 2002, Fire Hazards In Industry

Dr. Donald W.Walsh 2005, National Incident Management System, Priciples and Practice.

Z1LK 6073 Ergonomics

This course highlights the important issues regarding occupational health and safety regulations to operators/workers when designing workplace and equipment. This course

discusses the application of antropometry or designing workplace, which is suitable for

humans (i.e height of the chair, head and neck posture, movement space). It will start with

the definitions in ergonomics (for example: human-machine interface, displays and controls for operation). It will also discuss issues related to ergonomic environmental

principles regarding lighting, noise and thermal regulation at the workplace. Finally, the

course will cover work stress, boredom and mental/physical fatigue, capability and limits of human operators/workers while carrying out manual material handling.

References Kroemer, K.H.E. and Grandjean, E. 2008. Fitting The Task To The Human - A Textbook of

Occupational Ergonomics, 6th Edition, Taylor & Francis.

Bridger, R.S. 2008. Introduction to Ergonomics, 3rd Edition, CRC Press.

Wickens, C. D., Lee, J.D., Liu, Y. and Becker, S.E.G. 2004. Introduction to Human Factors Engineering, 2

nd Edition, Pearson-Prentice Hall.

Kroemer, K., Kroemer, H. and Kroemer-Elbert, K. 2001. Ergonomics: How to Design for

Ease & Efficiency, Prentice Hall. Pulat, B. M. 1997. Fundamentals of Industrial Ergonomics, Waveland Press, 2nd Edition.

Z1LK 6123 Mechanical and Electrical Safety Management This course introduces the concept of management and safe use of electrical and

mechanical equipment, mechanical and electrical protection system, and safety procedures

while using electrical and mechanical equipment. This course will also discuss the aspects of mechanical and electrical safety, which needs to be known, understood and applied, in

line with the Regulation and Acts gazetted by the government, including codes of conduct

that are accepted internationally. More specifically, this course will cover the mechanical and electrical safety procedures related to the Electricity Supply Act 1990, Electricity

Regulation 1994 and Malaysia‟s Factories and Machinery Act 1967.


348

References Adams, J.M. 1994. Electrical Safety. IEE Power Series 19.

BSI. 1988. BS5304 Code of Practice for Safety of Machinery. British Standard Institution. London.

Cadick, J., Capelli-Schellpfeffer, M., Neitzel, D. and Winfield, A. 2012. Electrical Safety

Handbook, 4th Edition.

Geddes, L.A. 1994. Handbook of Electrical Hazards and Accidents, CRC Press. Goetsch, D. L. 1999. The Safety and Health Handbook


This course gives an overview of chemical and radiation (ionising and non-ionising) safety

management aspect. Chemical safety management focuses on chemical classification, risk, material safety data sheet (MSDS) and aspects related to chemical safety management

during normal handling, emergencies, transport, storage and disposal. Lectures will focus

on relating the chemical safety management to the requirements of the Control of

Industrial Major Accidents Hazards (CIMAH 1996), Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Labelling and Safety Data Sheet of Hazardous Chemicals) Regulation

2013, Introduction to Use and Standards of Exposure to Chemical Hazardous to Health

regulations 2000 (USECHH 2000) and Notification of Accident, Dangerous Occurrence, Occupational Poisoning and Occupational Disease (NADOPOD 2004). Ionising radiation

safety will be divided into radioactivity and radiation source, the effects of ionising

radiation on humans, radiation exposure dose, radiological safety management, responsibilities of a Radiation Protection Officer (RPO), emergency response plan,

radiation protection programme and ACT 304. Meanwhile, non-ionising radiation safety

will focus on safety aspects of ultraviolet (UV), Infrared (IR), LASER, Microwave (MW),

Radiofrequency (RF) and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF).

References MINT, 2001. Chemical Safety, MINT.

Furr, A.K., 1990. CRC Handbook of Industrial Safety, CRC Press 3rd Ed.

Scott, R.M, 1989. Chemical Hazards in the Workplace, Lewis Publisher

Wentz. C.A., 1989. Hazardous Waste Management, Mc Graw Hill.

Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan dan Peraturan-Peraturan, Akta 514, MDC Publishers, Kuala Lumpur.

Akta Perlesenan Tenaga Atom, 1984 dan Peraturan-Peraturan serta Perintahnya

ICRP, 2007, The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological

Protection, ICRP Publication No. 103, Elsevier. IAEA, 1990, Safety Series No. 102. Recommendation, Emergency Planning and

Preparedness for Accident Involving Radioactive Materials Used in Medicine,

Industry, Research and Teaching, IAEA. Repacholi, M.H., 1988. Non-Ioning Radiations: Physical Characteristics, Biological

Effects and Hazard Assssment, Internal Radiation Protection Association. Z1LK 6193 Biological and Environmental Safety Management



http://www.amazon.com/David-L.-Goetsch/e/B001H6O86I/ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_15?qid=1384359309&sr=1-15

http://www.amazon.com/Safety-Health-Handbook-David-Goetsch/dp/0136742432/ref=sr_1_15?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1384359309&sr=1-15&keywords=mechanical+safety


349

This course will discuss and focus on the important aspects in the management of

biological and environmental safety, with added impetus to preventive action. These

aspects include types of pollution caused by disposal of dangerous solid and liquid waste, their threat to human health and safety, their effect to the environment, related regulations,

measurement and analysis of pollution level, management steps to prevent, reduce and

treat pollution. This course is also important for all workers in laboratories using biological

materials, and covers the dangers, practice and equipment needed for the various biosafety levels.

References Peavy H.S., Rowe D.R & Tchonoglous G. 1987. Environmental Engineering, New York:

McGraw Hill.

Wentz, C.A. 1989. Hazardous Waste Management. New York: Mc Graw Hill.

Liberman D.F. 1995. Biohazard Management Handbook. New York: Marcell and Decker Brock T.D & Madigan M.T 1991. Biology of Microorganism 6

th Edition. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall,

Atlas, R.M. 1986. Microbiology – Fundamentals & Application: Instructor’s Manual.

London & New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Gardner, J.F and Peel, M.M 1986. Introduction to Sterilization and disinfection. New

York: Churchill Livingstone.

Casey, A, Underwood, R & Viner, D. 1997. Plant Safety – Managing Plant Hazards at the Workplace. Australia: CCH Publisher.

Haski, R, Cardilini, G & Bartolo W.C.F 1992. Laboratory Safety Manual. Australia: CCH

Publisher. IAEA. 2008. Nuclear Security Culture, IAEA Nuclear Security Series No. 7, IAEA,

Vienna (2008).

Z1LK 6014 Research Project 1

The purpose of this course is to train students to carry out research for a specified topic of

choice in the field of occupational safety and health through reading and focused self-research. Students are required to do a literature review of a particular topic of interest and

prepare a proposal for the research that will be carried out in the Z1LK 6016 Research

Project 2 course.

References Day, R. A. 1998. How to write & publish a Scientific Paper. Ed. Ke 5 . Phoenix: Orxy

Press.

Greenfield, T. 2001. Research Methods for Postgraduates. Ed. Ke 2. London: An Arnold Publication.


UKM. Ismail Ahmad. 1996. Penulisan Saintifik. Kuala Lumpur. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Palya, W. L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. Ed. Ke 5. Jacksonville. Alabama

Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah Panduan penulisan tesis gaya UKM Edisi semak kedua Tahun

2010 percetakan Watan Sdn Bhd


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Z1LK 6016 Research Project 2 (Pre-requisite: Passed Z1LK 6014 Research Project 1)

This course is offered with the purpose of allowing students to experience carrying out

research in a topic of their interest under the guidance of a supervisor or a panel of

supervisors. The research can be experimental or analytical by nature. Students are

required to prepare a significant research project dissertation based on the findings of their research and present their findings in an oral defence.

Reference Day, R. A. 1998. How to write & publish a Scientific Paper. Ed. Ke 5. Phoenix: Orxy

Press.



UKM.


Palya, W. L. 2000. Research Methods Lecture Notes. Ed. Ke 5. Jacksonville. Alabama


351

SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY


352

SCHOOL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES AND FOOD TECHNOLOGY

Introduction The School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology offers graduate study programs by thesis and course work to train scientists to carry out fundamental and applied researches

in the vision of strengthening and to strengthen UKM as a research university. The Master

programs by thesis are supported by several courses that will provide the candidates with

essential knowledge in carrying out research. The Master programs by course work require candidates to complete a short and focused research project. Postgraduate courses for

Master and Doctor of Philosophy are implemented either on a full-time or part-time basis.

Research Areas and Degrees Offered The School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology offers researches which includes

specialization in Chemistry and Food Science. The specializations or research offers in the field of chemistry includes natural products, analtical chemistry, Environmental chemistry,

synthesis of inorganic compound, kinetics and catalysis as well as polymer and polymer

composites. For the area of food science, it covers food chemistry and analysis, food additives, edible biopolymers, food acceptance, sensory evaluation, food safety and

quality, food microbiology and fermentation, community nutrition, food processing,

inorganic compound, liquid natural rubber, colloidal chemistry, catalysis, environment, natural product from plant, theory and simulation and oils and fats chemistry.

The degrees awarded are as follows:

Doctor of Philosophy (Chemistry)

Doctor of Philosophy (Nutrition)

Doctor of Philosophy (Food Science)

Master of Science (Chemistry)

Master of Science (Nutrition)

Master of Science (Food Science)

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for the postgraduate programs must fulfill the following requirements:

Doctor of Philosophy Program

a) Master in Science degree from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or any other

universities approved by the Senate; or

b) Other qualifications of the same level as a Master of Science and other qualifications

or experience approved by the Senate;


353

or

c) Is currently following a Master of Science program in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

and is endorsed by the Graduate Studies Committee of the Faculty to change the status to a Doctor of Philosophy program;

or

d) Degree in Science or other equivalent qualification with a Cumulative Grade Point

Average (CGPA) of at least 3.67 from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or any other universities approved by the Senate;

Master of Science Program

a) Bachelor of Science degree with a good Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA)

from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or any other universities approved by the Senate;

or

b) Other equivalent qualification to a Bachelor's degree in Science or other qualification such as experiences approved by the Senate;

or

c) Candidates who do not fulfill the minimum CGPA requirements may be considered on the basis of their experiences in research in related fields.

Program of Study

Doctor of Philosophy Each candidates of this program is required to register and pass STPD6014 Research Methodology course and thesis every semester until completion of the academic program.

Students are required to schedule meetings with their supervisor or postgradute committee

for not less than 40 hours per semester for full-time students and 20 hours per semester for

part-time students. The research output is written into a thesis.

Master of Science

Thesis

Each candidates in this program has to register and pass 8-14 credit hours and research

findings should be written as a thesis. The 8-14 credit hours consist of courses offered by the faculty and the school.

Full-time students need to schedule discussion with their respective supervisor or

Graduates Studies Committee for not less than 26 hours per semester whereas 13 hours per semester is required for part-time students.

Course work Each candidate in these programs must successfully complete a minimum of 40 credit

hours of course work. All the units taken are comprised of core courses and elective courses, as determined by the respective program.


354

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (CHEMISTRY) PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO)

PEO1: Competent with admirable personality and character that can uphold the vision of

the faculty and the university as well as able to contribute an energy and expertise toward the current technology development and problem solving.

PEO2: Developing attitudes and awareness to identify, plan work activities, design of new

and innovation research in the process and production related to chemistry.

PEO3: Provides in-depth knowledge and exploratory research guide in the field of

chemicals that capable in addressing the issues of security, harmony and balance

of nature.

PEO4: Provide in-depth knowledge, skills and networking knowledge sharing in the field

of chemistry that contribute to the development of agriculture, health and

manufacturing industries.

PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES (PLO) PLO1: Mastering the knowledge in advanced chemistry.

PLO2: Mastering technical skills in chemistry.

PLO3: Ability to identify, formulate and solve problems. PLO4: Able to use scientific methods to design, manage experiments, analyze and

interpret data.

PLO5: Able to appreciate the issues related to ethics, society and environment.

PLO6: Ability to communicate effectively. PLO7: Able to play a role as an individual in a group as well as becoming an effective

leader.

PLO8: Recognizing the need for lifelong learning and acquire skills to do it. PLO9: Able to have entrepreneurial and management skills.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (FOOD SCIENCE) PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO)

PEO1: Competent with admirable personality and character that can uphold the vision of the faculty and the university as well as able to contribute an energy and expertise

toward the current technology development and problem solving.


research and innovation in food industry. PEO3: Provides advanced knowledge in the field of food science and technology and

facilitate the current research exploration in the field.


355

PEO4: Developing and creating a knowledge sharing network to conduct research

effectively and equitably to meet the challenges and fulfill the demands of the

current food industry. PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES (PLO)

PLO1: Mastering basic and advanced knowledge to conduct research in food science and

technology. PLO2: Having in-depth technical competence in the field of food science and technology.

PLO3: Ability to identify and solve problems in food science and technology research.

PLO4: Ability to utilize scientific methods to design, conduct, analyze and interpret research data.

PLO5: Understanding of issues and needs related to ethics, society, culture and

environment as a professional food scientist and technologist. PLO6: Competent in both oral and written communications.

PLO7: Ability to function effectively as an individual and in a group with the capacity to

be a leader as well as an effective team member.

PLO8: Ability to manage and gather the information for lifelong learning and the capacity to do so.

PLO9: Ability to acquire entrepreneurial and managerial skills to fulfill the needs of food

industry.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (NUTRITION)

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO)



PEO2: Developing attitudes and awareness to identify, plan, develop and carry out

research on the development of dietary habits on culture, the environment and

changes in community attitudes. PEO3: Provides advanced knowledge in the field of nutrition and health, and facilitate the

exploration of current research in the field.

PEO4: Developing and creating a knowledge sharing network to conduct research effectively and equitably to meet the challenges and fulfill the demands of the

current food and nutrition.

PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES (PLO)

PLO1: Mastery basic and of advanced knowledge to conduct research in nutrition

PLO2: Having in-depth technical competence in the field of nutrition. PLO3: Ability to identify and solve problems in nutritional research.

PLO4: Ability to utilize scientific methods to design, conduct, analyzes and interpret

research data.


356


environment as a professional nutritionist.

PLO5: Competent in both oral and written communication. PLO6: Ability to function effectively as an individual and in a group with the capacity to


PLO7: Ability to manage and gather the information for lifelong learning and the capacity

to do so. PLO8: Ability to acquire entrepreneurial and managerial skills to fulfill the community

needs.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (CHEMISTRY)

Introduction The master program by thesis emphasizes research work to train scientists to be more

capable to carry out fundamental and applied research and to support UKM as a Research University. Research or specialized areas offered by the Chemistry Program are Natural

Products, Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Synthesis of Inorganic

Compound, Catalysis, green polymers which include Thermoplastics, synthetic polymers

and polymer composite. The Master of Science (Chemistry) by course work offers a package of minimum two

semesters for full-time students and four semesters for part-time students. This program is

offered to qualified students from chemical industries, private colleges, research institutions, teachers and government sector which have limited time to further their

studies. Graduates from this program are expected to contribute effectively to the

development of science and technology.

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for the graduate degree study should fulfill the following requirements:

a) Bachelor of Science degree with a good Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or any other universities approved by the

Senate;

or

b) Other equivalent qualification to a Bachelor's degree in Science or other qualification such as experiences approved by the Senate;

or

c) Candidates who do not fulfill the minimum CGPA requirements may be considered on the basis of their experience in research in related fields.

Type of Programs

The graduate programs offered are as follows:

Thesis

Course Work


357

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO)

PEO1: Competent with admirable personality and character that can uphold the vision of the faculty and the university as well as able to contribute an energy and expertise

toward the current technology development and problem solving.


and innovation research in the process and production related to chemistry.

PEO3: Provides in-depth knowledge and exploratory research guide in the field of

chemicals that capable in addressing the issues of security, harmony and balance

of nature.

PEO4: Provides in-depth knowledge, skills and networking knowledge sharing in the field

of chemistry that contribute to the development of agriculture, health and manufacturing industries.


PLO1: The ability to master knowledge in advanced chemistry.

PLO2: Having in-depth technical competence in chemistry.

PLO3: Able to undertake problem identification, formulation and solution. PLO4: Able to utilize scientific method to design and conduct experiments as well as to

analyze and interpret data.

PLO5: Able to appreciate issues related to ethics, society and environment. PLO6 : Able to communicate effectively.

PLO7: Able to function effectively in a group as a team member as well as a leader.

PLO8: Recognizing the need for lifelong learning and acquiring the capacity to do so. PLO9: Able to acquire entrepreneurial and managerial skills.

Program Structure

Thesis Each candidate in this program must complete and pass 8 credit hours course as a

fulfilment for the degree of Master of Science. The results of the research will be written

out as a thesis.

The compulsory courses offered are as follows:


STKK6014 Laboratory Research Skill

Course work

Each candidates in Master of Science (Chemistry) program by course work must register and successfully complete a minimum of 40 credit hours of course work throughout the

studies. The following table listed the core courses and elective courses required to be

taken by the candidates.


358


I

STPD6014

STKK6113

STKK6313

STKK6513

STKK6713

STKK6972

Research

Methodology

Quantum Chemistry

Inorganic Synthesis

and Mechanism

Organic Synthesis

Principles of

Analytical and

Instrumentation

Design Research Project I

STKK6142

STKK6342

STKK6542

STKK6762

STKK6942

Electrochemistry

Physical

Inorganic Chemistry

Kinetics and

Reaction

Mechanism

Surface Analysis

Radiochemical

Technique

II

STKK6123

STKK6323

STKK6523

STKK6723

STKK6986

Advanced Polymer

Chemistry

Applied Inorganic

Chemistry

Spectroscopy in

Chemistry Organic

Chemical Management System

Research Project II

TOTAL 36 4 40

Courses Offered


STKK6113 Quantum Chemistry STKK6123 Advanced Polymer Chemistry

STKK6142 Electrochemistry

STKK6313 Inorganic Synthesis and Mechanism STKK6323 Applied Inorganic Chemistry

STKK6342 Physical Inorganic Chemistry

STKK6513 Organic Synthesis

STKK6523 Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry STKK6542 Kinetics and Reaction Mechanisms

STKK6713 Principles of Analytical and Instrumentation Design

STKK6762 Surface Analysis


359

STKK6723 Chemical Management System

STKK6942 Radiochemical Techniques

STKK6972 Research Project I STKK6986 Research Project II

Course Contents

STKK6014 Laboratory Research Skill This course will expose the students to technical skills for laboratory work, which will help

them to improve their skills in research work. The course will discuss the laboratory safety, labeling, chemical storage, chemical waste disposal, chemical safety acts, safety

management and chemical safety database. Other laboratory techniques such as vacuum

distillation system, cooling under zero temperature, precipitation process, handling of toxic

and flammable chemicals, gas handling, dilution, glass tube will be covered. The syllabus will include trace analysis in chemistry and neutron activation analysis. Instrumentation

and interpretive techniques in chemistry research such as IR, UV, GCMS, AA, HPLC,

NMR, TGA, DCS, X-ray Crystallography etc. QA/QC and GLP aspects will also be emphasized.

References Braun, R.D. 1987. Introduction to Instrumental Analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill

International Editions.

Bretherick, L. 1986. Hazards in Chemical Laboratory. Oxford: The Royal Society of Chemistry.

Crowl, C.A. & Louvar, J.F. 1990. Chemical Process Safety: Fundamentals and

Application. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Pipitone, D.A. 1991. Safe storage of Laboratory Chemicals. New York: John Wiley &

Sons Inc.

Willard, H.H., Merritt, L.L. & Dean, J.A. 1994. Instrumental Nethods of Analysis. New

York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

STKK6113 Quantum Chemistry This course introduces and discusses the basic principles in quantum theory; topics include wave-particle duality, Schrödinger equation, normalization and quantization, the Born

interpretation of the wavefunction, operators, eigenvalues and eigenfunctions, probability

and expectation values, and uncertainty principle. The application of wavefunction in

solving the particle in a box and motion in two dimensions for translational motion; the energy levels and the wavefunctions for vibrational motion; and rotation in two and three

dimensions, and spin for rotational motion will be included in discussion. Atomic and

molecular orbitals, energy and orbitals, molecular orbital theory, and the Huckel approximation for polyatomic systems will also be discussed.


360

References Atkin, P.W. 1994. Physical Chemistry. 5th Ed. London: Oxford University Press.

Griffiths, D.J. 1994. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics. New York: Prentice-Hall. Simon, J. & Nichols, J. 1997. Quantum Mechanics in Chemistry. London: Oxford

University Press.

Vincent, A. 2001. Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory: A Programmed Introduction to

Chemical Application. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Yates, K. 1978. Huckel Molecular Orbital Theory. New York: Academic Press.

STKK6123 Advanced Polymer Chemistry This course focuses on three fundamental topics: thermodynamics of polymer mixture-

entalphy, entropy and free energy; polymer blending-homogenity, compatibility,

intermolecular interaction, curing, phase equilibrium, rheology and phase morphology, physical and mechanical properties of blends, solution blending and melting, and colloidal

solution-solute, solvent and amphiphilic molecule clusterings/ surfactant, micelle structure

and properties, stability, equilibrium and phase diagram, micro and macro emulsion.

References Atkins, P. & de Paula, J. 2006. Physical Chemistry. 8th. Ed. Oxford UK: Oxford

University.

Evans, D. F. & Wennerstrom, H. 1999. The Colloidal Domain. 2nd. Ed. New York: Wiley-

VCH.

Shonaike, G. O. & Simon, G. P. 1999. Polymer Blends and Alloys. New York: CRC Press. Utraki, L. A. 2002. Polymer Blends Handbook. Vol I & II, Netherlands:Kluwer Academic

Pub.

STKK6142 Electrochemistry Topics to be discussed includes general considerations; choice of solvent and electrolyte,

cell design and electrodes, voltammetric techniques for synthetic reactions, electrochemical synthesis by controlled potential electrolysis, spectro-electrochemistry,

electrochemical reactions in an aqueous medic and organic solvent. Application of

electrochemistry in industrial including interface electrochemistry, bioelectrochemistry,

electrochemistry for sensing, chlor-alkali industries, fuel cell, electroplating and application in environmental pollution control will be highlighted. Corrosions and stability

of metals will also be discussed.

References Bockris, J.O.M. & Reddy, A.K. 1998. Modern Electrochemistry 1 & 2. New York: Kluwer

Academic Press.

Crow, D.R. 1994. Principles and Applications of Electrochemistry. 4th.

Ed. Cambridge, UK.: Blackie.

Pletcher, D. & Walsh, F.C. 1990. Industrial Electrochemistry. Cambridge, U.K.: Chapman

and Hall.


361

Sawyer, D.T., Sobkowiak, A. & Roberts, J.L. 1994. Electrochemistry for Chemist. New


Schmickler, W. 1995. Interfacial Electrochemistry. Oxford: Oxford University Press. W.E. Geiger & M.D. Hawley. 1986. Physical Methods of Chemistry. Vol. 2:

Electrochemical Methods", ed. B.W. Rossiter, Wiley and Sons.

STKK6313 Inorganic Reaction Mechanism This course involves the fundamentals, methodologies (experimental, computational and

theoretical) and applications of inorganic reaction mechanisms, that is of the processes of

bond formation and cleavage, electron transfer, the nature of intermediates, medium and

other effects, in inorganic and organometallic redox and substitution reactions, including

those which underlie important catalytic, environmental, biological and industrial

processes. Examples on important inorganic and organometallic reactions will also be

exposed to strengthen the understanding of the students in inorganic mechanism.

References Atwood, J.D. 1997. Inorganic and Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms. 2

nd. Ed. New


Burgess, J. & Tobe, M.L. 2000. Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms. New York: Pearson Education Corp.

Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., Murillo. C.A. & Bochmann, M. 1999. Advanced Inorganic

Chemistry. 6th.

Ed. New York: John Wiley & Son.

Jordan, R.B. 2007. Reaction Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic Systems. 3rd.

Ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Wilkin, R.G. 1991. Kinetics and Mechanisms Reactions of Transition Metal Complexes.

New York: John Wiley & Son.

STKK6323 Applied Inorganic Chemistry Two important topics in inorganic chemistry relating to our daily life, firstly, the structural

and functions of metal/metal ions in our life such as minerals, vitamin and coenzymes will

be discussed. In addition, biochemistry reactions involving metal ions such as uptake, transport and storage of metal ion as exemplified by iron; copper-proteins, photosynthesis,

coenzymes and catalytic enzyme reaction will also be included. Secondly, the important of

inorganic compounds in industries as catalyst will be discussed. Mechanisms of homogeneous catalyst will be discussed in detailed and discussion on heterogenous system

is concentrated on liquid and gas systems.

References Bertini, I. & Gray, H.B. 1994. Bioinorganic Chemistry. Los Angeles: University Science

Book.

Cowan, J.A. 1993. Inorganic Biochemistry – An Introduction. 2nd.

Ed. London: VCH Publ. (UK) Ltd.


362

Jolly, W.L. 1991. Modern Inorganic Chemistry. 2nd.

Ed. Singapore: McGraw-Hill

International Edition.

Kaim, W. & Schwederski, B. (Ed.). 1994. Bioinorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements in the Chemistry of Life: An Introduction and Guide. New York: John Wiley & Son.

Parshall, G.W. & Ittel, S.D. 1992. Homogeneous Catalysis: The Applications and

Chemistry of Catalysis by Soluble Transition Metal Complexes. 2nd.

Ed. New York:

John Wiley & Son.

STKK6342 Physical Inorganic Chemistry Course involved in-depth study on the properties and reactions of inorganic compound.

The main focus is on the substitution reaction of the octahedron complexes, tetrahedron

and square planar. The concept of stable, labile and mechanism steps, stereochemistry,

trans effect and experimental evidence of associations and exchange mechanism will be

studied. Other than substitution reaction, redox reactions with internal and external

spherical concept and also reactions of in coordinated ligands are also investigated.

Coordinated ligand reaction involved hydrolysis of ester amide and peptide, template and

electrophilic. Reactions related to biochemical system will also be discussed.

References Atwood, J.D. 1997. Inorganic and Organometallic Reaction Mechanisms. 2nd. Ed. New


Burgess, J. & Tobe, M.L. 2000. Inorganic Reaction Mechanisms. New York: Pearson

Education Corp. Cotton, F.A., Wilkinson, G., Murillo, C.A. & Bochmann, M. 1999. Advanced Inorganic

Chemistry. 6th. Ed. New York: John Wiley & Son.

Kettle, S.F.A. 2000. Physical Inorganic Chemistry: A Coordination Chemistry Approach. London: Oxford University Press.

Wright, J.R., Hendrickson, W.A. & Osaki, S. 1986. Physical Methods for Inorganic

Biochemistry. Biochemistry of The Elements. Vol. 5. New York: Plenum Publ. Corp

STKK6513 Organic Synthesis Reaction leading towards the formation of carbon-carbon bonds, summary of reactions

especially involving functional group interconversions. Synthetic methods with emphasis on discovery, development and use of chemical reaction in synthesis; limitations and scope

of the reactions in questions. Multi-step synthesis of natural products as templates for

various synthetic approaches and strategies. Synthetic reagents using organometallic compound will also be discussed.

References

Carey, F.A. & Sunberg, R. J. 1994. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and Synthesis. Part B, 3

rd. Ed. New York: Planum Press.

Nicolaou, K. C. & Sorensen, E.J. 1995. Classic in Total Synthesis: Targets, Strategies,

Methods. New York: VCH Publ.


363

Norman, R.O.C. & Coxon, J.M. 1995. Principles of Organic Synthesis. 3rd Ed. New York:

Blackie Academic Press.

Smith, M.B. 1994. Organic Synthesis. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Wuts, P.G.M. & Greene, T.W. 1997. Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis. New York:

John Wiley & Sons.

STKK6523 Spectroscopy in Organic Chemistry This course introduced the structural determination and stereochemistry of organic

compound. Theory and application of modern spectroscopic methods for this particular

aim will be discussed including ultraviolet, infrared, one and two-dimensional NMR and mass spectroscopy. In addition, step by step approach in structural elucidation of organic

compounds which involves abstraction and interpretation of ultraviolet, infrared, one and

two-dimensional NMR and mass spectral data will be discussed in detail. Other than

focusing on the structural elucidation exercises based on spectroscopic data, hands-on application of the instrument will also be done during one slot of practical work. The

importance of spectroscopic and physical data in stereochemical determination of organic

compound will also be covered. References Breitmaier, E. 2004. Structure Elucidation by NMR in Organic Chemistry. A Practical

Guide. Sussex : John Wiley & Sons.

Claridge, T.G.W. 1999. High Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry. New

York: Pergamon Press.

Crews, P., Rodriguez, J. & Jaspars, M. 1998. Organic Structure Analysis. New York : Oxford University Press.

Pavia, D. L., Lampman, G. M. & Kriz, G. S. 2008. Introduction to Spectroscopy.

Washington : Brooks & Cole. Shriner, R.L., Christine, K.F., Morill, T.C., Curtin, D.Y. & Fuson, R.C. 1998. The

Systematic Identification of Organic Compounds. 7th. Ed. New York: John Wiley &

Son.

STKK6542 Reaction Kinetics and Mechanisms

This course explores on the details on method and data interpretations in parallel to the

kinetic of an organic or inorganic reactions. Mathematical treatment of the proposed mechanisms which should be in agreement with the kinetic data obtained. The mechanism

for several common reaction including substitution, redox, catalysis acid base,

polimerisation and enzymatic reactions will be studied. Stopped flow and temperature jump technique will also be introduced. The linear free energy relationship, isotope effect

and mathematical treatment of some complex reactions will be discussed.

References Jencks, P. 1987. Catalysis in Chemistry and Enzymology. New York: Dover Publ.

Jones, R.A.Y. 1984. Physical and Mechanistic Organic Chemistry. 2nd.



364

Lawry, T.H & Richardson, K.S. 1987. Mechanism and Theory in Organic Chemistry. 3rd.

Ed. New York: Harper and Row. Miller, B. 1997. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions and Mechanism. London:

Prentice-Hall.

Sykes, P. 1996. A Guidebook to Mechanism in Organic Chemistry. London: Prentice-Hall.

STKK6713 Principles of Analytical Instrumentation Design Understanding on the chemical principle of qualitative and quantitative in designing

analytical instrumentation is incorporated. System and component in the analytical instrumentation- light source, heater, optic, pump, motor, operational amplifier, electronic,

central processing unit (CPU), vacuum, interfaces, volume and mass measurement,

detector and others are discussed. Steps in designing analytical instrumentation system for specific purposes and example of automatic analyser and processing analyzer used in

various field will also be introduced. References Clevert, K.J. 1984. Handbook of Process Stream Analysis. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood.

Johnson, K.J. 1992. Automatic Process Control. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Miller, J.T. 1994. The Revised Course in Industrial Instrument Technology. London:

United Press London. Peecok, R.L., Shields, L.D., Cairns, T. & McWilliam, L.G. 1996. Modern Methods of

Chemical Analysis. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Willard, H.H., Merrit, L.L. & Dean J.A. 1994. Instrumental Methods of Analysis. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

STKK6723 Chemical Management System Discussion on systematic chemical management system and related system as chemist in

protecting the worker, public and environment: aspect and activities covering the whole

life cycle of the chemicals. Role and responsibility of a chemist: Chemist Acts and role of Malaysia Chemistry Institute. Concept of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and laboratory

accreditation under the Malaysia Laboratory Accreditation Scheme (SAMM) and ISO

17025. Environmental regulations, Good Manufacturing Practice(GMP), quality

management (ISO 9000 series) and environmental management system (ISO 14000).

References Bahu, R., Critenden, B. & O‟Hara, J. 1997. Management of Process Industry Waste: An

Introduction. Rigby: Institution of Chemical Engineers.

Huber, L. 1993. Good Laboratory Practice – A Primer. Germany: Hewlett Packard Co.

Lipton, S. & Lynch, J. 1994. Handbook of Health Hazards Control in the Chemical

Process Industry. New York: John Wiley & Son. Parkany, M. 1994. Quality Assurance for Analytical Laboratories. London: Royal Society

of Chemistry.

Turner, G.R. 1994. Total Quality Management in the Chemical Industry – Strategies for Success. London: Royal Society of Chemistry.


365

STKK6762 Surface Analysis This course will discuss the importance of surface analysis, vacuum system, mean free

path (MFP), photoelectron phenomenon and Aufer electron. The electron spectroscopy discussion will involve theory, instrumentation and data analysis for XPS, AES and UPS

spectroscopy. Surface analysis for solid sample based on sample saturation/unsaturation

involving N2 gas, BET equation, surface area, pore size and distribution of pore. Selective

saturation based on chemical saturation of the H2 gas and other gases. The normal method used for surface analysis involve instrumental theory and the use of AFM, SEM and TEM

instruments.

References Niemantsverdriet, A. 1995. Spectroscopy in Catalysis-An Introduction. New York: VCH

Publ. Smith, G.C. 1994. Surface Analysis By Electron Spectroscopy-Measurement And

Interpretation. New York: Pergamon Press.

Stohr, J. 1992. NEXAFS Spectroscopy. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag. Walls, J.M. & Smith R. 1994. Surface Science Technique. New York: Pergamon Press.

Walls, J.M. 1989. Method of Surface Science Technique and Application. Cambridge:


STKK6942 Radiochemical Techniques The course gives student the general theory, instrumentation and various methods and

applications related to radioactive materials and ionizing radiation in chemistry. Emphasis

will be given to the fields of radiochemical analysis and radiation techniques in polymeric systems. The topics of discussion include neutron activation analysis and nuclear reactions,

isotope dilution analysis, radio-reagent methods, instrumental analysis based absorption

and scattering. In the radiation techniques, discussion will include application of ionizing radiation in polymerization and modification of polymers. General radiation safety will

also be given.

References Choppin, G., Liljenzen, J. O & Rydberg. 1995. Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry. 2nd.

Ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann.

Ito & Tagawa, 1991. Handbook of Radiation Chemistry. USA: CRS Press. Arnikar H. J. 1981. Essential of Nuclear Chemistry. India: Eastern Wiley.

Navaratil, O., Hala, J., Kopunec, R., Macasek, F., Mikulaj, V. & Leseticky, L.1992.

Nuclear Chemistry. London: Ellias Horwood.Tabata

Tolgyessy, J. & Bujduso, E. 1991. CRC Handbook of Radioanalytical Chemistry. USA: CRC Press.

Vertes, A. & Kiss I 1987. Nuclear Chemistry. NewYork: Elsevier.

Vertes, A., Nagy, S. & Kelncsair, A. Z. (Editor) 2003. Handbook of nuclear Chemisty. Volume 1-5. Amsterdam: Kluwer Academic Publishers

Wood, R. J. & Pikev, A. R. 1993. Applied Radiation Chemistry: Radiation Processing.

London: John Wiley & Sons


366

STKK6972 Research Project I The objective of this course is to expose the students to the world of chemistry, which

consists of organic, inorganic, analytical, physical and polymer chemistry. The research project will be carried out in two semesters consecutively and each student is expected to

submit their report at the end of the second semester. The titles for the projects will be

given by the respective lecturers who are responsible to guide the students during their

studies. This project will be evaluated based on the written proposal, presentation and the progress of the project in the first semester.

STKK6988 Research Project II Research project II is the continuation of Research Project I where the students in this

semester are required to write a report in the form of a dissertation on the research findings. The evaluation will be carried out based on the dissertation and oral

examination. The project must be written based on UKM‟s format stipulated in 'The UKM

Style Guide'.

Reference The Graduate School. 2009. UKM Writing Style. Bangi: UKM Publisher.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (FOOD SCIENCE)

Introduction The Food Science Program offers the Master of Science degree by thesis and course work. These fields of study are closely related to food production from the point of harvest or

slaughter until it is marketed and reaches the consumer in conditions that satisfy the

consumer‟s requirements in terms of food safety and taste. The Master of Science program complements the Doctor of Philosophy program that

comprises only research work. Graduates from this program will gain sound knowledge in

the fields of Food Science and Nutrition. It is hoped that these graduates will apply the

knowledge gained in the areas of research and production of nutritious foods, food safety and quality, food regulations as well as food and nutrition education programs.

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for graduate degree study should possess the following qualifications:

a) Bachelor of Science degree (Food Science, Food Science and Nutrition, Food Technology) with a good Cummulative Grade Point Average from Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia or any universities approved by the Senate;

or b) Other equivalent qualification to a Bachelor's degree in Science or other qualification

such as experiences approved by the Senate;

or


367

c) Candidates who do not fulfill the minimum CGPA requirements may be considered on

the basis of their experience in research in related fields.

Type of Programs Master of Science (Food Science) Program offers two types of study:

Thesis

Course work

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO) PEO1: Competent with admirable personality and character that can uphold the vision of

the faculty and the university as well as able to contribute an energy and expertise

toward the current technology development and problem solving. PEO2: Provides in-depth knowledge and guide exploratory research in the field of food

science and technology that is able to address the issue of security, harmony and

balance of nature.

PEO3: Developing attitudes and awareness to identify, plan work activities, design of new research and innovation to meet the challenges and fulfill the demand in the

current food industry.

PEO4: Provides in-defth the knowledge, skills and networking knowledge sharing in the field of food science and technology that contribute to the development of

agriculture, health and food industries.


PLO1: Mastery basic and of advanced knowledge to conduct research in food science and technology.

PLO2: Having in-depth technical competence in the field of food science and technology.

PLO3: Ability to identify and solve problems in food science and technology research. PLO4: Ability to utilize scientific methods to design, conduct, analyse and interpret

research data.

PLO5: Understanding of issues and needs related to ethics, society, culture and environment as a professional food scientist and technologist.

PLO6: Competent in both oral and written communication.

PLO7: Ability to function effectively as an individual in a group with the capacity to be a

leader as well as an effective team member. PLO8: Recognizing the need for lifelong learning and capacity to do so.

PLO9: Ability to acquire entrepreneurial and managerial skills to fulfill the needs of food

industry.

Program Structure


368

Thesis

All candidates of this program have to register and pass 14 credit hours of courses to fulfill the requirement for graduation. From the 14 credit hours of courses, 4 credit hours core

Faculty and 10 credit hours for core program. The list of the courses are:


and select 10 credit hours courses from the following list:-

Semester I

STKM6033 Science of Fats and Oils

STKM6113 Advanced Food Microbiology

STKM6712 Food and Nutrition Toxicology

Semester II

STKM6043 Sugar & Chocolate Confection Technology STKM6063 Food Additive Substance

STKM6123 Advanced Food Chemistry

Course work

All candidates of this programme have to register and pass 40 credit hours, of which 29

credit hours are from core courses and 11 credit hours from elective courses. Students may

take any of the elective courses to fulfill the requirement.


I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

STKM6113 Advanced Food

Microbiology STKM6122 Experimental

Techniques in

Food Science

STKM6313 Food Quality

STKM6712 Food and

Nutritional

Toxicology

STKM6973 Research

Project I

STKM6033 Science of Fats

and Oils

STKM6323 Food Processing

Operations STKM6322 Current

Techniques in

Food

Microbiology

20


369

II

STKM6023 Protein Product

Technology

STKM6123 Advanced Food

Chemistry

STKM6986 Research

Project II

STKM6043 Sugar and

Chocolate

Confection

Technology

STKM6063 Food Additives

STKM6243 Food Safety

Management

STKM6722 Food Packaging

20

TOTAL 29 11 40

Courses Offered

STPD6014 Research Methodology STKM6023 Protein Product Technology


STKM6043 Sugar and Chocolate Confection Technology STKM6063 Food Additives

STKM6113 Advanced Food Microbiology

STKM6122 Experimental Technique in Food Science

STKM6123 Advanced Food Chemistry STKM6243 Food Safety Management


STKM6322 Current Techniques in Food Microbiology STKM6323 Food Processing Operations


STKM6722 Food Packaging STKM6973 Research Project I

STKM6986 Research Project II

Course Contents

STKM6023 Protein Product Technology

This course discusses the scientific and technological aspects of plant and animal

protein. Emphasis is based on animal protein technology especially meat, milk and

eggs. The scientific aspects include microbial quality, chemical, biochemical and the

physical properties of these proteins. Technological aspects include meat, milk and

egg-based product processing technology. The production and usage of side products

such as fats, leather, egg shells, whey and lactose will also be discussed.

References

Damodaran, D. 1997. Food Proteins and Their Applications. New York: CRC.

Lawrie, R.A. 1998. Meat Science. 6th.

Ed. Cambridge, England: Wrokhead Publ.


370

Nakai, S. (Ed.). 1996. Food Proteins:Properties and Characterization. New York:

Wiley-VCH.

Thompson, A., Boland, M. & Singh, H. (Eds). 2008. Milk Proteins: From Expression to Food. New York: Academic Press.

Walstra, P., Noomen, T.J., Jelema, A. & van Boekel, MA.J.S. 1999. Dairy Technology:

Principles of Milk Properties and Processes. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.

William, J. Stadelman, W.J., Newkirk, D. & Newby, L. 1995. Egg Science and Technology. New York: CRC.

STKM6033 The Science of Fats and Oils This course discusses fat and oil processing to produce value added products. These

include fractionation, hydrogenation, transesterification and blending to produce

emulsifiers (sugar esters, DAG, MAG) and specialty fats (structured lipids, confectionary fats, shortenings). In addition, polymorphic characteristics of fats and oils and their

importance in fat migration, compatibility and formation of fat bloom will also be

discussed. The physico-chemical changes in fats and oils during cooking will also be

explained. The role of dietary fats and oils in health and diseases (coronary heart diseases, obesity) will be explained.

References Akoh, C.C. & Min, D.B. 1998. Food Lipids: Chemistry, Nutrition, and Biotechnology.


Garti, N. & Sato, K. 1988. Crystallization and Polimorphism of Fats and Fatty Acids.

New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. Gunstone, F.D. & Padley, F.B. 1997. Lipid Technologies and Applications. New York:

Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Gunstone F.D., Harwood, J.L. & Padley, F.B. 1995. The Lipid Handbook. 2nd. Ed. London:

Chapman & Hall. Hamilton, R.J. 1995. Developments in Oils and Fats. London: Blakie Academic &

Professional.

STKM6043 Sugar and Chocolate Confection Technology This course will deliberate comprehensively and scientifically on technology of sugar and

chocolate confection thoroughly in theory and practice. Course scope will deliberate on specification, raw material, processing, quality control, shelf life, product development and

acceptance. Discussion will also focus on several physicochemical aspects of product such

as carbohydrate, sweetener, emulsifier and fat. Raw material and confection product that

will be discussed are jelly and gum, cocoa products, nuts, sweetener, fat, cocoa butter alternatives, replacement fat, sweet and caramel. Thorough discussions on product

processing that will be covered are on crystallization aspect, thickness, blend impact, pH

impact, boiling point, food additive and storage.


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References Beckett, S.T. 1994. Industrial Chocolate Manufacture and Use. 2nd. Ed. London:

Chapman & Hall Bernard, W.M. 1999. Chocolate, Cocoa and Confectionary: Science and Technology. 3rd

update Ed. Maryland: Aspen Publ. Inc.

Lees, R. & Jackson, E.B. 1999. Sugar Confectionery & Chocolate Manufacture. London:

Chapman & Hall. Jackson, E.B. 1995. Sugar Confectionery Manufacture. 2nd. Ed. London: Chapman & Hall

Mathlouthi, M. & Reiser, P. 1994. Sucrose: Properties and Applications. London: Blackie

Academic & Professional.


This course discusses the chemical reactions involve in natural food flavour formation from plants and animals as well as via food processing techniques. The method to isolate,

separate and identify flavour compounds will also be discussed. Emphasis will be given

on identification of off- flavours defects in foods and propose ways of preventing them.

The synthetic and natural identical flavourings will be addressed in the course. Students will be given group assignment/project to apply flavourings to various formulated systems.

References Bredie, W.L.P. & Petersen, M.A. 2006. Flavour Science: Recent Advances and Trends.


Deibler, K.D. & van Ruth, S. 2005. Simulation of mouth condition for flavor analysis.

Hoboken, N.J.:John Wiley & Sons. Jelen, H. 2011. Food Flavors: Chemical, Sensory and Technological Properties. Boca

Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press.

Taylor, A.J. 2002. Food Flavour Technology. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd.

Taylor, A.J. & Hort, J. 2007. Modifying Flavour in Food. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited.

STKM6113 Advanced Food Microbiology In this course, scientific aspect of microbial contamination in food are discussed, the

physiology and biochemistry of microorganisms in contaminated food, and the survival

aspects of vegetative cells and microbial spores due to exposure to various food

preservation techniques. Toxin production mechanisms by bacteria and its action which causes food poisoning by infection and intoxication are also discussed. Molecular

epidemiology, rapid methods of bacterial sub typing and data analysis, and food borne

diseases emerging issues and international legislation related to food microbiology are taught. The principles and use of predictive microbiology during food preservation to

control food pathogens are introduced besides other topic such as microbial risk

assessment and microbiological criteria. Recent techniques based on immunology and genetic for detecting and determining of foodborne microorganisms in food particularly

pathogens are also discussed.


372

References Doyle, M.P., Beuchat, L.R. & Montville, T.J. 1997. Food Microbilology: Fundamentals

and Frontiers. Washington DC: ASM Press. Forsythe, S. J. 2002. Microbiological Risk Assessment. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.

Fratamico, P. M., Bhunia, A. K. & Smith, J. L. 2005. Foodborne Pathogens:

Microbiology and Molecular Biology. New York: Caister Academic Press.

International Commission for the Microbiological Specifications of Foods (ICMSF). 2006. Microorganisms in Foods 7: Microbiological Testing in Food Safety

Management. New York: Corr.

Palino, M. V. 2007. Food Microbiology Research Trends. New York: Nova Science Publishers.

International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF). 2011.

Microorganisms in Foods 8: Use of Data for Assessing Process Control and Product Acceptance. New York: Corr.

STKM6122 Experimental Technique in Food Science This course will discuss the basic principles regarding the technique of conducting research in food science. Discussion will also include several methods in conducting

experiments commonly practiced in the field of food science, data analysis and concluding

experiment outputs along with the use of software to analyse data. This course will emphasize on hands-on practical aspects apart from the theory.

References

Cornell, J. 2002. Experiments With Mixtures. Florida: John Wiley & Sons. Inc. Fellows, P. 2000. Food Processing Technology: Principles & Practice. England: Ellis-

Harwood Ltd., Chichester.


Sons. Inc. Myers, R.H. & Montgomery, D.C. 2002. Response Surface Methodology. Florida: John

Wiley & Sons. Inc.

Paulson, D.S. 2003. Applied Statistical Designs for the Researcher. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York.

STKM6123 Advanced Food Chemistry

This course will deliberate on the chemistry of protein, carbohydrate and lipid, pertaining

to the chemistry and biochemistry, giving special emphasis on appropriate instrumental

analytical techniques to monitor physicochemical properties related to quality. Protein chemistry will be discussed on interaction of protein-water, protein-protein, protein-starch

and protein-metal and their importance in food processing. Protein modification

technology will also be discussed. Carbohydrate chemistry will cover detailed discussion

on the structure-function relationship, modification and application in food industries. Lipid chemistry will cover topics such as the production of fats, classification of lipid,

value added products, polymorphism, fat oxidation, structured lipid by interesterification

and application of lipid in food systems. Techniques in fat and oils analysis will also be discussed.




373

References Srinivasan Damodaran, Kirk L. Parkin, Owen R. Fennema. 2007. Fennema's Food

Chemistry, Fourth Edition (Food Science and Technology). Springer H.-D. Belitz , Werner Grosch, Peter Schieberle. 2009. Food Chemistry. Springer-Verlag

Berlin Heidelberg.

Tom P. Coultate. 2009. Food: The Chemistry of Its Components. Royal Society of

Chemistry, London John M. deMan. 2013. Principles of Food Chemistry. Springer Science & Business, New

York.

David E. Newton. 2009. Food Chemistry. Infobase Publishing, New York.

STKM6243 Food Safety Management Food quality control, total quality management (TQM) and food safety management in food industry will be discussed. This course will also discuss the concept of food risk

analysis and food traceability. Students will also be introduced to the development of food

laws and standards and the salient features of the Food Act 1983 and Regulations 1985 as

well as Malaysian Standards for various food products. The role of Codex Alimentarius Commision in the development of various standards and guidelines pertaining to food

production will also be discussed. Students are also exposed to the elements of

organization management which are required to develop and administer a product quality assurance system. An effective quality assurance system is required to produce a good and

safe product which can meet national and international standards. Principle of food

hygiene, Codes of practice, Good Manufacturing Practice, Halal food, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) and ISO9000 will be discussed. The development

and administration of the regulations and rules pertaining to quality and safety systems will

be covered in this course.

References Foster, S.T. 2004. Managing Quality: An Integrative approach. Upper Saddle River, New


Hoyle, D.2005. ISO9000 Quality Systems Handbook. 5th. Ed. Butterworth Heinemann.

Publication. ICMSF. 1988. HACCP In Microbiological Safety and Quality. Oxford: Blackwell

Scientific.

Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. 2006. Skim Pensijilan Amalan Pengilangan Yang Baik. Kuala Lumpur: Publication of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia


HACCP Certification, Guidelines for HACCP Surveillance Audit, Guidelines for HACCP Compliance Audit, Publication of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia.

Moretimore, S. & Wellace, C. 1998. HACCP: A Practical Approach. 2nd. Ed. Maryland :

Aspen Publication.


This course will discuss in depth the aspects of quality control in several types of food,

with emphasis on foods for both local consumption as well as for export. This course will


374

introduce candidates to the methods of drawing up specifications, standards as well as

techniques for measurement of quality characteristics in various types of food, including

determination of halal food. The quality and physiological changes relating to ripening and shelf life of tropical fruits will be discussed. Sensory evaluation techniques such as

descriptive and quantitative analyses as well as flavor and texture profiling will also be

discussed.

References Aminah Abdullah. 2000. Prinsip Penilaian Sensori. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia. International Trade Centre. 1991. Quality Control for the Food Industry: An Introductory

Handbook Geneva. UNCTAD/GATT.

Lawless, H.T. & Heyman, H. 1998. Sensory Evaluation of Food: Principles and Practices. New York: Chapman & Hall.




STKM6322 Current Techniques in Food Microbiology In this course, current techniques in food microbiology are exposed to the graduate student. It includes the detection, identification and characterization of different techniques in food

microbiology such as nucleic acid-based diagnostic and ELISA. Students are thought the

common microbial contaminant in food and risk material of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE). They are also exposed to data analysis and molecular

epidemiology study from DNA finger printing obtained and explained current

developments in nucleic acid-based diagnostic for determination of food contents from

aspects of religious (Halal issues), safety, legislation and declaration. Besides that, explanation and problem solving method in issue related to microorganism will be exposed

to the students.

References John R. Crowther. 2008. Elisa: Theory and Practice (Methods in Molecular Biology. 2nd.

Ed. USA: Springer Protocol.

Conrad Sachse. 2002. PCR Detection of Microbial Pathogens (Methods in Molecular Biology). First Edition. USA: Humana Press.

Ron Fridell. 2001. DNA Fingerprinting: The Ultimate Identity. USA: Childrens Press.

STKM6323 Food Processing Operation

Food processing operation involves a series of unit operations which bring about changes

in the raw materials. In an effort to produce food products which are safe, nutritious and stable, knowledge of the food product as well as the combination of the processing

operation units are of utmost importance. This course discusses the physical and chemical

properties of food and the operation units involved in raw material preparation, size

reduction, mixing, forming, thickening, heating processes, frying, micro waving, filtration


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and extraction. This course will also cover the use of pulsed electric field, high pressure

processing and ohmic heating in food processing.

References Brennan, J.G., J.R. Butters, N.D. Cowell & A.W. Lilly. 1993. Food Engineering

Operations. London: Applied Science Publ. Ltd.

Erickson, D.R. 1990. Edible Fats and Oils Processing: Basic Principles and Modern Practices. Illinois: AOCS.

Fellows, P. 2000. Food Processing Technology: Principles & Practice. Chichester,

England: Ellis-Harwood Ltd. Fennema, O.R. 1996. Food Chemistry. 2nd. Ed. New York.Marcel-Dekker Publ. Inc.,

Singh, R.P. 1998. Introduction To Food Engineering. New York: Academic Press.

Whitaker, J. R., Voragen, A. G. J. & Wong, W. S. 2002. Handbook of Food Enzymology.

Boca Raton: CRS Press.

STKM6712 Food and Nutritional Toxicology

This course discusses the basic and applied concepts of food and nutritional toxicology.

Emphasis will be given on the absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation)

and excretion of food toxicants. Several natural and environmental toxicants will also be introduced. Emphasis will be placed on the mechanism, control and elimination of food

toxicity.

References Barceloux, D.G. 2008. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi,


Sons Inc.

Dong, M.H. 2014. An Introduction to Environmental Toxicology Third Edition. South Carolina, USA: CreateSpace Publishing.


to Toxicology, 3rd

Edition. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley and Sons Inc. Klaassen, C.D. 2013. Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 8

th



Edition.


STKM6722 Food Packaging

This course will cover the basic aspects of food packaging. Emphasis will be placed on the types of packaging materials available, their properties such as absorbency, tensile strength

and the interaction between the food product and its packaging material. Methods of

packaging, the role of packaging during transportation of foods and labeling will be discussed. The importance of packaging in food preservation and protection of food from

spoilage and contamination during storage and transportation will be covered too. The

properties of packaging materials which come into direct contact with food, controlled or


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modified atmosphere packaging and water, oxygen and carbon dioxide absorption

materials will also be discussed.

References Robertson, G.L. 1992. Food Packaging – Principles and Practice. Marcell Dekker

Inc. New York.

Brody, A.L. & Marsh, K.S. 1997. The Wiley Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology. John Wiley & Sons. New York.

Mathlouthi, M. 1994. Food Packaging and Preservation – Theory and Practice. Elsevier

Applied Sci. Publ. London. David, J.R.D., Graves, R.H. and Carlson, V.R. 1996. Aseptic Processing and packaging

of Food – A Food Industry Perspective.CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Piringer, O.G. and Baner, A.L. 2000. Food Packaging Materials : Barrier Function, Mass Transport, Quality Assurance and Legislation. Wiley-VCH.

STKM6973 Research Project I Students are required to conduct a research project related to food science. This project will be conducted in two consecutive semesters. Title of the project will be provided by

appointed supervisor. Evaluation of research project I is based on written proposal,

presentation and progress throughout the semester.

STKM6986 Research Project II Research Project II is the continuation of Research Project I. Upon completion of the project, the students will prepare a dissertation and defend its content during result

presentation and oral examination. Regulation on preparations of the dissertation are

stipulated in “The UKM Style Guide”.


MASTER OF SCIENCE (NUTRITION)

Introduction The Nutrition program offers a Master of Science degree by thesis and course work. The

candidates in this field of specialization will be trained on the importance of nutrition in

health and the complexity of nutritional problems. Nutrition is also closely linked to food production and safety.

The Master of Science (Nutrition) Program complements the Doctor of Philosophy

program that comprises only research work. Graduates from this program will possess sound knowledge in the field of Nutrition. It is hoped that these graduates will apply the

gained knowledge in areas of research and production of nutritious foods, food safety and

quality, food regulations as well as food and nutrition educational programs.


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Entry Requirements Candidates applying for graduate degree study should possess the following qualifications:

a) Bachelor of Science degree (Food Science and Nutrition, Nutrition or Dietetics)

with a good Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) from Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia or any universities approved by the Senate, or b) Other equivalent qualification to a Bachelor's degree in Science or other qualification

such as experiences approved by the Senate;

or c) Candidates who do not fulfill the minimum CGPA requirements may be considered on

the basis of their experience in research in related fields.

Type of Programs

The Master of Science (Nutrition) degree offers two types of study program:

Thesis

Course work PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO)



PEO2: Provides in-depth knowledge and guide current exploratory research on the

development of dietary habits on culture, the environment and changes in community attitudes.


research and innovation to meet the challenges and demands in the current field of nutrition.

PEO4: Developing and creating a knowledge sharing network to conduct research

effectively and equitably to meet the challenges of food and nutrition industry

demand.

PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOMES (PLO) PLO1: Mastery of advanced knowledge to conduct research in nutrition.

PLO2: Having in-depth technical competence in the field of nutrition.

PLO3: Ability to identify and solve problems in nutritional research.

PLO4: Ability to utilize scientific methods to design, conduct, analyze and interpret research data.


environment as a professional nutritionist. PLO6: Competent in both oral and written communication.

PLO7: Ability to function effectively as an individual and in a group with the capacity to



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PLO8: Recognizing the need for lifelong learning and possessing the capacity to do so.

PLO9: Ability to acquire entrepreneurial and managerial skills to fulfill the community

needs.

Program Structure

Thesis

All candidates of this program have to register and pass 14 credit hours of courses to fulfill

the requirement for graduation. From the 14 credit hours of courses, 4 credit hours core Faculty and 10 credit hours for core program. The list of the courses are:


and select 10 credit hours from the list:-

Semester I


STKM6122 Experiment Techniques in Food Science STKM6223 Research Techniques in Nutrition


STKM6413 Nutrition and Aging


Semester II STKM6063 Food Additive Substance

STKM6213 Applied Nutrition

STKM6222 Nutrient and Drug Interactions

STKM6243 Food Safety Management STKM6333 Diet Therapy Advanced

Course work All candidates of this program have to register and pass 40 credit hours, of which 29 credit

hours are from core courses and 11 credit hours from elective courses. Students may take

any of the elective courses to fulfill the requirement.


I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

STKM6223 Research

Techniques in

Nutrition STKM6313 Food Quality

STKM6033 Science of Fat

and Oil

STKM6122 Experimental

Techniques in

Food Science

STKM6413 Nutrition and Aging

20


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STKM6712 Food and

Nutrition

Toxicology

STKM6973 Research

Project I

II

STKM6213 Applied

Nutrition

STKM6222 Nutrient and

Drug

Interactions

STKM6333 Diet Therapy STKM6986 Research

Project II

STKM6063 Food

Additives

STKM6243 Food Safety

Management

20

TOTAL 29 11 40

Courses Offered

STPD6014 Research Methodology STKM6033 Science of Fats and Oils


STKM6122 Experimental Techniques in Food Science

STKM6213 Applied Nutrition STKM6222 Nutrient and Drug Interactions

STKM6223 Research Techniques in Nutrition

STKM6243 Food Safety Management STKM6313 Food Quality

STKM6333 Diet Therapy

STKM6413 Nutrition and Aging STKM6712 Food and Nutritional Toxicology

STKM6923 Developmental Nutrition

STKM6973 Research Project I

STKM6986 Research Project II

Course Contents

STKM6033 Science of Fats and Oils This course discusses fat and oil processing to produce value added products. These

include fractionation, hydrogenation, transesterification and blending to produce

emulsifiers (sugar esters, DAG, MAG) and specialty fats (structured lipids, confectionary fats, shortenings). In addition, polymorphic characteristics of fats and oils and their

importance in fat migration, compatibility and formation of fat bloom will also be

discussed. The physico-chemical changes in fats and oils during cooking will also be


380

explained. The role of dietary fats and oils in health and diseases (coronary heart diseases,

obesity) will be explained.

References Akoh, C.C. & Min, D.B. 1998. Food Lipids: Chemistry, Nutrition, and Biotechnology.


Garti, N. & Sato, K. 1988. Crystallization and Polimorphism of Fats and Fatty Acids. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc.

Gunstone, F.D. & Padley, F.B. 1997. Lipid Technologies and Applications. New York:

Marcel Dekker, Inc. Gunstone F.D., Harwood, J.L. & Padley, F.B. 1995. The Lipid Handbook. Ed. ke-2.


Hamilton, R.J. 1995. Developments in Oils and Fats. London: Blakie Academic & Professional.


This course discusses the chemical reactions involve in natural food flavour formation from plants and animals as well as via food processing techniques. The method to isolate,

separate and identify flavour compounds will also be discussed. Emphasis will be given

on identification of off- flavours defects in foods and propose ways of preventing them. The synthetic and natural identical flavourings will be addressed in the course. Students

will be given group assignment/project to apply flavourings to various formulated systems.

References Bredie, W.L.P. & Petersen, M.A. 2006. Flavour Science: Recent Advances and Trends.


Deibler, K.D. & van Ruth, S. 2005. Simulation of mouth condition for flavor analysis. Hoboken, N.J.:John Wiley & Sons.

Jelen, H. 2011. Food Flavors: Chemical, Sensory and Technological Properties. Boca

Raton, Florida, USA: CRC Press. Taylor, A.J. 2002. Food Flavour Technology. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press Ltd.

Taylor, A.J. & Hort, J. 2007. Modifying Flavour in Food. Cambridge: Woodhead

Publishing Limited.

STKM6122 Experimental Techniques in Food Science

This course will discuss the basic principles regarding the technique of conducting

research in food science. Discussion will also include several methods in conducting experiments commonly practiced in the field of food science, data analysis and concluding

experiment outputs along with the use of software to analyse data. This course will

emphasize on hands-on practical aspects apart from the theory.

References Cornell, J. 2002. Experiments With Mixtures. Florida: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.



381


Sons. Inc.

Myers, R.H. & Montgomery, D.C. 2002. Response Surface Methodology. Florida: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.


New York.

STKM6213 Applied Nutrition

This course discussed the food habit of ethnic groups in Malaysia. Several nutrition

related programs in Malaysia will also be discussed. The students will be exposed to field work in relation to nutrition where the students will be involved in planning,

implementing, teaching and evaluating of project conducted.

References Bauer, K.D, Liou, D. and Sokolik, C.A. 2012. Nutrition Counseling and Education Skill

Development. Belmont CA: Wadsworth/Cengage Learning.

Frank, G. 2008. Community Nutrition: Applying Epidemiology to Contemporary Practice, 2


Mahan, L.K., Stump, S.E & Raymond, J.L. 2012. Krause’s food and the nutrition care

process, 13th Edition. Missouri: Elsevier Saunders.

Nix, S. 2013. William’s Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy, 14th Edition. Missouri: Elsevier

Mosby.

Nnakwe, N.E. 2009. Community Nutrition: Planning Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, 2


STKM6222 Nutrient and Drug Interactions This course discusses the effects of nutrient on the efficacy and toxicity of drugs.

Students will be exposed to the influence of drugs on the absorption, distribution and metabolism of nutrients. Emphasis will be given on the influence of drugs such as alcohol

and food. The interactive effects of food additives and supplements with drugs on certain

diseases will also be addressed.

References Boullata, J.I. & Armenti, V. T. (eds.). 2000. Handbook of Drug-Nutrient Interactions.

New York: Springer-Verlag. Lininger, S. W. 1999. A-Z Guide To Drug-Herb and Vitamin Interaction. New York:

Prima Communications, Inc.

Mahan, L. K. & Escott-Stump, S. 2008. Krause's Food & Nutrition Therapy. Missouri: Saunders Elsevier, Pub.

McCabe, B. J., Wolfe, J. J. & Frankel, E. H. 2003. Handbook of Food-Drug Interactions.

Florida: CRC Boca Raton. Meckling, K. A. 2007. Nutrient-Drug Interactions. Florida: CRC/Taylor & Francis.

Pronsky, Z. M. et al. 1995. Food-Medication Interactions. Pottstown, PN: Food

Medication Interactions Pub.

STKM6223 Research Techniques in Nutrition


382

This course discusses the techniques commonly used in biological assay of food proteins

and nutritional evaluation using small animals and in vitro studies. The principals of

research technique in nutrition is introduced whereby students will be able to carry out experiments using animals to conduct bioassays, PER and digestibility studies. Students

will be exposed to the research ethics, management of the laboratory for animal studies,

appreciate the handling of small animals and work in group to achieve results. Research

techniques involving surveys and clinical studies will also be covered in this course.

References Akins, C. K., Panicker S. & Cunningham, C. L. (eds.) 2004. Laboratory Animals In

Research And Teaching: Ethics, Care, And Methods. Washington, D.C.: APA

Choo, S.C. & Liu, J.P. 1998. Design and Analysis of Clinical Trials: Concept and

Methodologies. New York: John Wiley & Sons. FAO/WHO. 1985. Energy and Protein Requirements. Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 724.

Geneva:WHO.

James, W.P.T. & Schofield E.C. 1990. Human Energy Requirements. A Manual for

Planners and Nutritionists. Oxford: Oxford Medical Public. Langley, G. 1989. Animal Experimentation: The Consensus Changes. Hamsphire: the

Macmillan Press.

STKM6243 Food Safety Management Food quality control, total quality management (TQM) and food safety management in

food industry will be discussed. This course will also discuss the concept of food risk analysis and food traceability. Students will also be introduced to the development of food

laws and standards and the salient features of the Food Act 1983 and Regulations 1985 as

well as Malaysian Standards for various food products. The role of Codex Alimentations Commission in the development of various standards and guidelines pertaining to food

production will also be discussed. Students are also exposed to the elements of

organization management which are required to develop and administer a product quality

assurance system. An effective quality assurance system is required to produce a good and safe product which can meet national and international standards. Principle of food

hygiene, Codes of practice, Good Manufacturing Practice, Halal food, Hazard Analysis

and Critical Control Point (HACCP) and ISO9000 will be discussed. The development and administration of the regulations and rules pertaining to quality and safety systems will

be covered in this course. References Foster, S.T. 2004. Managing Quality: An Integrative Approach. Upper Saddle River, New

Jersey: Prentice Hall Hoyle, D. 2005. ISO9000 Quality Systems Handbook. 5

th. Ed. Butterworth Heinemann.

Publication

ICMSF. 1988. HACCP in Microbiological Safety and Quality. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific

Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. 2006. Skim Pensijilan Amalan Pengilangan Yang Baik.

Kuala Lumpur: Publication of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia


383


HACCP Certification, Guidelines for HACCP Surveillance Audit, Guidelines for

HACCP Compliance Audit, Publication of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Moretimore, S. & Wellace, C. 1998. HACCP: A Practical Approach. 2

nd. Ed. Maryland :

Aspen Publication


This course will discuss in depth the aspects of quality control in several types of food,

with emphasis on foods for both local consumption as well as for export. This course will

introduce candidates to the methods of drawing up specifications, standards as well as

techniques for measurement of quality characteristics in various types of food, including determination of halal food. The quality and physiological changes relating to ripening and

shelf life of tropical fruits will be discussed. Sensory evaluation techniques such as

descriptive and quantitative analyses as well as flavor and texture profiling will also be discussed.


Kebangsaan Malaysia

International Trade Centre. 1991. Quality Control for the Food Industry: An Introductory

handbook Geneva. UNCTAD/GATT. Lawless, H.T. & Heyman, H. 1998. Sensory Evaluation of Food: Principles and

Practices. New York: Chapman & Hall.

Maskowitz, H.R. 1985. New Directions for Product Testing and Sensory Analysis of Foods. Wesport, Conn, USA: Food & Nutrition Press, Inc.

Marsili, R. 1996. Techniques for Analyzing Food Aroma. New York: Marcel Dekker. Inc. STKM6333 Diet Therapy This course covers the aspects of nutrition which are the foundations for treatment of certain pathological conditions. Good nutrition can assist the recovery of patients suffering

from acute and chronic diseases by alleviating problems such as stress, trauma, infection,

metabolic changes and the after effects of surgery. Students will be exposed to the physiology of diseases and various aspects of nutrition such as enteral and parenteral

nutrition as well as nutrition for diseases of the intestines, liver and kidneys. Nutrition for

conditions such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, food allergy and others will also be covered in this course.


Kebangsaan Malaysia

International Trade Centre. 1991. Quality Control for the Food Industry: An Introductory

handbook Geneva. UNCTAD/GATT. Lawless, H.T. & Heyman, H. 1998. Sensory Evaluation of Food: Principles and

Practices. New York: Chapman & Hall.




384


STKM6413 Nutrition and Aging This course discusses the elderly demographic pattern, theories related to ageing process

and factors influencing ageing process such as environment, social, psychology, biology

and physiology. Malnutrition problems faced by elderly, nutritional need and dietary

managements well as functional and quality of life will also be discussed. Students will be exposed to the various facilities and institution available for the elderly in Malaysia.

References Mahan, L.K. & Stump, S.E. 2008. Krause's Food & Nutrition Therapy. 11th. Ed. Canada:

Saunders Elsevier.

Morley, J.E. & Thomas, D.R. 2007. Geriatric Nutrition. New York: CRC Press.

Perlmutter, M & Hall, E. 1992. Adult Development and Aging. 2nd. Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Roe, D. A. 1987. Geriatric NUTRITION. 2nd. Ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Suriah Abdul Rahman. 2001. Pemakanan Wargatua. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka.

STKM6712 Food and Nutritional Toxicology This course discusses the basic and applied concepts of food and nutritional toxicology. Emphasis will be given on the absorption, distribution, metabolism (biotransformation)

and excretion of food toxicants. Several natural and environmental toxicants will also be

introduced. Emphasis will be placed on the mechanism, control and elimination of food

toxicity.

References

Barceloux, D.G. 2008. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi,


Sons Inc. Dong, M.H. 2014. An Introduction to Environmental Toxicology Third Edition. South

Carolina, USA: CreateSpace Publishing.


to Toxicology, 3rd

Edition. New Jersey, USA: John Wiley and Sons Inc. Klaassen, C.D. 2013. Casarett & Doull's Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons, 8

th



Edition. London, UK: Elsevier Inc.

STKM6973 Research Project I Students are required to conduct a research project related to nutrition. This project will be

conducted in two consecutive semesters. Title of the project will be provided by appointed

supervisor. Evaluation of research project I is based on written proposal, proposal

presentation and progress throughout the semester.


385

STKM6988 Research Project II Research Project II is the continuation of Research Project I. Upon completion of the project, the students will prepare a dissertation and defend its content during result

presentation and oral examination. Regulation on preparations of the dissertation are

stipulated in “The UKM Style Guide”.



386

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES


387

SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

Introduction The School of Mathematical Sciences started with the establishment of the Department of

Mathematics in 1970, which was also the establishment year of UKM. In 1978, the Unit of

Statistics and Computer Science was established in the Department of Mathematics. In 1982, the Department of Mathematics was upgraded to a faculty, known as the Centre for

Quantitative Studies and it was expanded to include the Department of Mathematics,

Statistics and Computer Science. Later in 1991, the center was renamed as the Faculty of

Mathematical and Computer Sciences. In 1994, this faculty separated into two faculties, namely the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences and the Faculty of Information Science and

Technology. In 1996, the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences established the Centre for

Quality and Productivity Improvement, in order to promote mathematical sciences to the

general public. On 19th.

July 1999, the faculty became the School of Mathematical Sciences

within the Faculty of Science and Technology. The establishment of the School of Mathematical Sciences integrates knowledge in various major fields of mathematical

sciences such as Mathematics, Statistics, Actuarial Science and Quality & Productivity

Improvement.

Research Areas and Degrees Offered The School of Mathematical Sciences conducts research in various fields of study such as

Algebra, Complex Analysis, Group Theory, Fuzzy Mathematics, Fluid Mechanics, Dynamical Systems, Numerical Methods, Computational Mathematics, Mathematical

Modeling, Biomechanics, Optimization, Ethno mathematics, History and Philosophy of

Mathematical Sciences, Management Mathematics, Financial Mathematics, Actuarial Modeling, Multilevel Modeling, Statistical Modeling, Medical Statistics, Social Statistics,

Traffic Studies, Time-Series Modeling and Forecasting, Stochastic Process, Sampling

Techniques, Image Processing, Total Quality Management, Process Control and Quality

Improvement as well as Productivity Measurement. At postgraduate level, the School of Mathematical Sciences is offering the

following programmes:

a) Doctor of Philosophy

Mathematics

Statistics

Quality and Productivity Improvement

b) Master of Science

Thesis

Mathematics

Statistics


388

Course Work

Mathematics

Statistics

Quality and Productivity Improvement

Preliminary Course Work

Statistics

Entry Requirements Candidate applying for these program in the School of Mathematical Sciences must

possess:


a) Master of Science degree in the field of mathematical sciences from Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate; or b) Other equivalent qualifications to Master of Science Degree or other qualifications

such as experience approved by the Senate; or

c) Master of Science students in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia with excellent

performance applying for conversion to Doctor of Philosophy program and supported by the Postgraduate Committee and approved by the faculty; or

d) Bachelor of Science degree or other equivalent qualifications to a Bachelors Degree

with a good Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) of at least 3.67 from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate.

Master of Science a) Bachelor of Science degree with a good CGPA in the field of mathematical sciences

from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate; or

b) Bachelors Degree with a good CGPA in the fields of science, technology and medical

or Bachelors Degree in the fields of social sciences from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate; or

c) Bachelors Degree in the fields of science, technology and medical or Bachelors Degree

in the field of social sciences from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate with related and suitable working experience.

Program of Study


All candidates of this program are required to register course STPD6014 Research Methodology and register for the thesis for each semester until completion of the academic

program. Students are required to schedule meetings with their supervisor or postgraduate

committee for no less than 40 hours per semester for full time students and 20 hours per

semester for part-time students.


389

Master of Science

Thesis

Candidates taking the MSc program by thesis are required to take 12 credit hours of

courses which comprise STPD6014 Research Methodology and two course that is related

to the field of research to be studied to complete for Master of Science program.

Course Work

Candidates taking the MSc program by course work are required to take and pass at least

32 credit hours of courses (core and elective courses) and to complete 8 credit hours Research Project.

Preliminary Course Work Candidates accepted to the MSc (Statistics) program by course work but do not have good

foundation of statistics must take preliminary course work. They are required to take three

courses totaling of 12 units. The candidates are required to get grade B for all these courses

in order for them to continue doing MSc (Statistics).

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (MATHEMATICS) PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO) PEO1: To produce outstanding moral and character, ethical and competitive students.

PEO2: To equip students with the ability to translate and synthesize their understanding

towards nature, human and development. PEO3: To equip students with the awareness towards environment and uphold the

established development.

PEO4: To equip students with the ability to utilize the mathematical problem solving methods such as analysis, modeling, programming and mathematical software

applications in addressing the development issues and current changes.

PEO5: To equip students with the scientific approaches in generating and sharing

knowledge which is inter- and intra- discipline. PEO6: To equip students with the high creativity and innovative ability and able to

contribute ideas towards the policy establishment process, decision making and

development implementation.

PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOME (PLO)

PLO1: Able to apply the mathematical sciences knowledge. PLO2: Able to design the methodology suitable to the problem encountered.

PLO3: Able to analyse and interpret outputs and generate new ideas based on the outputs.

PLO4: Able to gather, utilize and generate informations. PLO5: Able to have strength to manage emotions.


390

PLO6: Able to honour noble character and aesthetical values towards the Creator,

customers and societies.

PLO7: Able to lead, work in team and give priority to the success of team. PLO8: Able to communicate effectively through speaking and writing both in Bahasa

Melayu and English.

PLO9: Able to understand mathematical sciences solution in every dimension of life.

PLO10: Ability to recognize the needs of life long learning and practise in the whole life. PLO11: Able to possess the entrepreneur character.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (STATISTICS) PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO)

PEO1: Produce highly skilled, ethical and competitive student.

PEO2: Equip students with the ability to translate and synthesize their understanding towards nature, human and development.

PEO3: Equip students with the awareness towards environment and uphold the

established development. PEO4: Equip students with the ability to utilize the mathematical problem solving method

such as analysis, modelling, programming and mathematic software application in

addressing the development issues and current changes.

PEO5: Equip students with the scientific approaches in generating and sharing knowledge which is inter- and intra- discipline in nature; and

PEO6: Equip students with the high creativity and innovative ability and able to

contribute ideas toward the policy establishment process, decision making and development implementation.

PROGRAM LEARNING OUTCOME (PLO) PLO1: Able to apply the statistics knowledge.

PLO2: Ability to design the methodology suitable to the problem encountered.

PLO3: Ability to analyse and interpret outputs and generate new ideas based on the outputs.

PLO4: Able to gather, utilize and generate information.

PLO5: Strength to manage emotion. PLO6: Honour noble character and aesthetical values towards the Creator, customers and

society.

PLO7: Able to lead, work in a team and give priority to the success of a team.

PLO8: Able to communicate effectively through speaking and writing both in Bahasa Malaysia and English.

PLO9: Ability to understand statistics solution in every dimension of life.

PLO10: Ability to recognize the needs for continuous learning and practice it in the whole life.

PLO11: Possess the entrepreneur characteristics.


391

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (PRODUCTIVITY AND QUALITY IMPROVEMENT) PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO) PEO1: Produce highly skilled, ethical and competitive student.

PEO2: Equip students with the ability to translate and synthesize their understanding

towards nature, human and development.

PEO3: Equip students with the awareness towards environment and uphold the established development;

PEO4: Equip students with the ability to utilize the mathematical problem solving method

such as analysis, modelling, programming and mathematic software application in addressing the development issues and current changes;

PEO5: Students with the scientific approaches in generating and sharing knowledge which

is inter- and intra- discipline in nature; and

PEO6: Equip students with the high creativity and innovative ability and able to

contribute ideas toward the policy establishment process, decision making and



PLO1: Able to apply the statistics knowledge. PLO2: Ability to design the methodology suitable to the problem encountered.

PLO3: Ability to analyse and interpret outputs and generate new ideas based on the

outputs. PLO4: Able to gather, utilize and generate information.

PLO5: Strength to manage emotion.

PLO6: Honour noble character and aesthetical values towards the Creator, customers and

society. PLO7: Able to lead, work in a team and give priority to the success of a team.

PLO8: Able to communicate effectively through speaking and writing both in Bahasa

Malaysia and English. PLO9: Ability to understand statistics solution in every dimension of life.

PLO10: Ability to recognize the needs for continuous learning and practice it in the whole

life.



392

MASTER OF SCIENCE (MATHEMATICS)

Introduction This program is divided into three modules as follows:

Pure Mathematics

Applied Mathematics

Management and Financial Mathematics

Entry Requirements Candidates who wish to apply must have the following qualifications:

Bachelor Degree in mathematics with a good CGPA and sufficient pure

mathematics component from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate; or

Bachelor Degree in mathematics with a good CGPA and sufficient classical

applied mathematics component from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other

universities approved by the Senate; or Bachelor Degree in mathematical sciences (including management science,

statistics, statistical economy, information science and technology) with a good

CGPA from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by

the Senate. PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO)

PEO1: To produce outstanding moral and character. PEO2: To equip students with the ability to translate and synthesize their understanding


PEO3: To equip students with the awareness towards environment and uphold the established development.

PEO4: To equip students with the ability to utilize the mathematical problem solving

methods such as analysis, modeling, programming and mathematical software

applications in addressing the development issues and current changes. PEO5: To equip students with the scientific approaches in generating and sharing

knowledge which is inter and intra discipline.

PEO6: To equip students with the high creativity and innovative ability and able to contribute ideas towards the policy establishment process, decision making and



PLO1: Able to apply the mathematical sciences knowledge.

PLO2: Able to design the methodology suitable to the problem encountered.


393

PLO3: Able to analyse and interpret outputs and generate new ideas based on the outputs.

PLO4: Able to gather, utilize and generate informations.

PLO5: Able to have strength to manage emotions. PLO6: Able to honour noble character and aesthetical values towards the Creator,

customers and societies.

PLO7: Able to lead, work in team and give priority to the success of team.

PLO8: Able to communicate effectively through speaking and writing both in Bahasa Melayu and English.

PLO9: Able to understand mathematical sciences solution in every dimension of life.

PLO10: Ability to recognize the needs of life long learning and practise in the whole life. PLO11: Able to possess the entrepreneur character.

Program Structure Candidates pursuing the program by course work must register and pass at least 32 credit

hours (core and elective courses) and complete a research project of 8 credit hours.

Candidates taking the MSc program by thesis are required to take 12 credit hours of courses which comprise STPD6014 Research Methodology and two courses that related

to the field of research to be studied to complete for Master of Science program.


and 8 credit hours of courses that is related to the field of thesis research

and approved by supervisor.

Pure Mathematics Module


I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

STQM6114 Topology STQM6124 Algebra

STQM6134 Functional

Analysis

Choose three:

STQM6024 Biomechanics

STQM6034 Decision and

Game Analysis

STQM6044 Cryptology

STQM6054 Linear

Programming

STQM6064 Mathematical

Modeling and

Methods

STQM6074 Numerical

Analysis STQM6214 Fuzzy

Mathematics

STQM6234 Argotic Theory

STQM6254 Combinatorial

Group Theory

STQM6274 Measure Theory

and Integration

STQM6294 History and

II

STQM6224 Complex

Analysis

STQM6988 Research Project


394

Philosophy

of Mathematics

STQM6324 Numerical

Methods for Heat

Transfer and

Fluid Flow

STQM6414 Dynamical

System

STQM6524 Linear Modeling

of Non-

Deterministic Dynamical

System

STQM6534 Fluid Mechanics

STQM6624 Simulation

TOTAL 28 12 40

Applied Mathematics Module


I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

STQM6414 Dynamical

System

STQM6074 Numerical

Analysis

STQM6534 Fluid Mechanics

Choose three:

STQM6024 Biomechanics STQM6034 Decision and

Game Analysis

STQM6044 Cryptology

STQM6084 Linear

Programming

STQM6114 Topology

STQM6124 Algebra

STQM6134 Functional

Analysis

STQM6214 Fuzzy

Mathematics

STQM6224 Complex Analysis STQM6234 Ergodic Theory

STQM6254 Combinatorial

Group Theory

STQM6274 Measure Theory

and Integration


Philosophy

of Mathematics

STQM6324 Numerical

Methods for Heat

Transfer and Fluid Flow

II

STQM6064 Mathematical

Modeling and

Methods STQM6988 Research

Project


395

STQM6414 Dynamical

System


of Non-

Deterministic

Dynamical

System

STQM6624 Simulation

TOTAL 28 12 40

Management and Financial Mathematics Module


I

STQM6084 Linear

Programming

STQM6654 Mathematical Economics

and Finance

in Business

STQS6444 Time Series

Modeling and

Forecasting

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

Choose three:

STQA6014 Investment

Analysis and

Portfolio

Management

STQA6024 Security

Derivatives and

Risk Management

STQA6934 Risk Management and Insurance

STQM6034 Decision and

Game Analysis

STQM6044 Cryptology

STQM6214 Fuzzy

Mathematics

STQS6244 Stochastic

Processes


Philosophy

of Mathematics

STQM6414 Dynamical System


of Non-

Deterministic

Dynamical

System

STQM6624 Simulation

STQS6274 Statistical

Computing

II

STQA6014 Investment

Analysis and

Portfolio

Management

STQM6988 Research

Project

TOTAL 28 12 40


396

Courses Offered

STQA6014 Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management STQA6024 Security Derivatives and Risk Management

STQA6034 Issues in Risk Management and Insurance

STQM6024 Biomechanics STQM6034 Decision and Game Analysis

STQM6044 Cryptology

STQM6064 Mathematical Modeling and Methods STQM6074 Numerical Analysis

STQM6084 Linear Programming

STQM6114 Topology

STQM6124 Algebra STQM6134 Functional Analysis

STQM6214 Fuzzy Mathematics

STQM6224 Complex Analysis STQM6234 Ergodic Theory

STQM6254 Combinatorial Group Theory

STQM6274 Measure Theory and Integration STQM6294 History and Philosophy of Mathematics

STQM6324 Numerical Methods for Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

STQM6414 Dynamical System

STQM6524 Linear Modeling of Non-Deterministic Dynamical System STQM6534 Fluid Mechanics

STQM6624 Simulation

STQM6654 Mathematical Economics and Finance in Business STQM6988 Research Project

STQS6244 Stochastic Process

STQS6274 Statistical Computing

STQS6444 Time Series Modeling and Forecasting STPD6014 Research Methodology

Course Contents STQA6014 Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management The course aims to introduce the use of various investment instruments and its role in risk

management. The concept of risks and returns are covered comprehensively. Efficient

diversification is introduced with the emphasis on the construction of efficient portfolio. The different kinds of investment instruments are also introduced. Share valuation methods

and portfolio theories such as the Markowitz theory, the One-Factor model, the Capital

Asset Pricing Model are studied. The fundamental and technical analyses are also discussed. The behavioral finance theory such as the Efficient Market Hypothesis is also

included. At the end of the semester, students are expected to present, discussed and

submit a project.


397

References Bodie, Z., Kane, A. & Marcus, A. 2011.Investments & Portfolio Management. 9

thed. New

York: Mc-Graw Hill. Elton, E.J, Gruber, M.J, Brown, S.J. &Goetzmann, W.N. 2007.Modern Portfolio Theory

and Ivestment Analysis.7th.

Ed. New Jersey: John Wiley. Reilly, F.K. & Brown K.C. 2000. Investment Analysis and Portfolio Management.6th Ed.

New York : South-Western Thomson.

John L., Donald L., Jerald E. & Dennis W. 2007. Managing Investment Portfolios: A

Dynamic Process.London: John Wiley. STQA6024 Security Derivatives and Risk Management This course is an introduction to the management of risk which is fast developing in academia as well as in industrial finance. It will focus on risk management using market

securities. Basic concepts and methods of risk management using market securities will be

covered such as options, future securities and exchangeable securities. Evaluation of various security derivatives will be included. At the end of the course it is hoped the

student will be able to study the application of derivatives in the management of various

risks such as market risk, financial risk, rate of interest risk and credit risk.

References

Chance, D. M. 2004. An Introduction to Derivatives & Risk Management. 6th.

Ed. Mason,

OH: Thomson South-Western.

Chorafas, D. 2008. Instruments: Bonds, Swaps, Options, and Hedging. London: McGraw-

Hill Capinski M. & Zastawniak T. 2000. Mathematics for Finance: An Introduction to

Financial Engineering. New York: Springer.

Cuthbertson K. & Nitzsche. 2002. Financial Engineering: Derivatives and Risk Mangement. New York: John Wiley.

Wilmott, Howison S. & Dewynne J. 1995. The Mathematics of Financial Derivatives.


STQA6034 Issue in Risk Management and Insurance

This course aims to discuss the concept of risk, the principle of risk management and the

application of risk management in insurance. The students will be exposed to several actuarial approaches used in non-life insurance businesses. At the end of this course, the

students are expected to understand the concepts of risk and risk management, classify risk

into several categories, understand the principles of insurance and their relationship with

risk management, understand the structure of insurance market in Malaysia, learn the operation of non-life insurance business, study and analyze the factors that affect premium

and analyze insurance claims.


398

References Denuit, M., Marechal, X., Pitrebois, S. & Walhin, J.F. 2007. Actuarial Modeling of Claim

Counts. London: John Wiley & Sons. Klugman, S.A., Panjer, H.H. & Willmot, G.E. 2004. Loss Models, From Data to

Decisions. 2nd.

Ed. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Lee, H.L. 1997. The Insurance Industry in Malaysia: A Study in Financial Development

and Regulation. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.

Redja, G.E. 2003. Principles of Risk Management and Insurance. 8th.

Ed. New York:

Addison-Wesley. Trieschmann, J.S., Gustavson, S.G. & Hoyt, R.R. 2001. Risk Management and Insurance.

11th.

Ed. Ohio: South Western College Publishing. STQM6024 Biomechanics The course begins with the general equations of three-dimensional motion. The variables

in these equations are explained and a summary on how these variables can be determined experimentally or theoretically is presented. The course will discuss selected methods for

quantifying biomechanical data experimentally, which includes discussion on force

measurements, accelerometry, measurement of motion with optical methods,

electromyography, and strain measurement. The goal is to explain the principles involved in the experimental techniques, and to compare the different techniques. Next the course

will discuss the place of mathematical modeling in biomechanics. The concept of force

system analysis is discussed. The course will look into various mathematical models that were determinate. The indeterminate systems are also discussed as well, including solving

it using optimization theory. Lastly the course discusses simulation as a tool of

biomechanical research.

References Allard, P. Stokes, I. A. F. &Blanchi, J. 1995. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Human

Movement. Human Kinetics: Champaign, IL. Chaffin, D. B., Andersson, G. B. J. & Martin, B. J. 2006.Occupational Biomechanics.4

th.


Humphrey, J. &DeLange, S. 2004. An Introduction to Biomechanics: Solids and Fluids, Analysis and Design. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Nigg, B. M. & Herzog, W. 2007.Biomechanics of TheMusculo-Skeletal System.3rd.

ed.


Winter, D. A. 2005. .Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement. 3rd.

ed. London: John Wiley & Sons.

Yamaguchi, G.T. 2006. Dynamic Modelling of Musculoskeletal Motion. A Vectorized

Approach for Biomechanical Analysis in Three Dimensions. New York: Springer.

STQM6034 Decision and Game Analysis This course aims at showing students that decision problems with limited number of alternatives can be solved by using decision analysis techniques. Instruments that are used

to solve these problems depend on the type of problems. Analytic Hierarchy Process,

ELECTRE and TOPSIS methods are used to solve problems with certainty. Decision tree


399

is the best instrument to obtain solution for problems which involve probability. For

decision problems with uncertainty, criteria that reflect decision maker's attitude towards

risks are used, while game theory is used to obtain the best decision for two competitors with contradicting goals, under each competitor's worst condition.

References Binmore, K. 2007. Playing for Real: A Text on Game Theory. New York: Oxford University Press.

Clemen, R.J. & Reilly, T. 2005. Making Hard Decisions: An Introduction to Decision

Analysis. Pacific Grove: Duxbury. Meyerson, R. 1991. Game Theory: Analysis of Conflict. Cambridge: Harvard University

Press.

Winston, W.L. 2004. Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms. 4th Ed. Belmont:

Brooks/Cole-Thomson Learning.

Zeleny, M. 1982. Multiple Criteria Decision Making. New York: McGraw Hill.

STQM6044 Cryptology Cryptology is the science of secure communication which embraces both cryptography and

cryptanalysis. The symmetric and asymmetric systems of writing secret codes

(cryptography) will be introduced and the development of cryptosystem, digital signature and other cryptographic techniques such as threshold cryptography, secret sharing,

identification and authentication scheme and key agreement protocol will be thoroughly

explained and discussed. The techniques of breaking codes (cryptanalysis) will also be investigated throughout the course.

References Jeffrey Hpffstein, Jill Pipher & Joseph H. Silverman. 2010. An Introduction to

Mathematical Cryptography. Springer.

Christof Paar & Jan Pelzl. 2010. Understanding Cryptography. Springer.

Willian Stallings. 2011. Cryptography and Network Security. Pearson. Jonathan Katz, Yehuda Lindell. 2008. Introduction to Modern Cryptography. Chapman &

Hall/CRC.

Douglas Robert Stinson. 2006. Cryptography: Theory and Practice. Chapman &

Hall/CRC.

STQM6064 Mathematical Modelling and Methods Mathematical modelling is a process of developing mathematical presentation of a phenomenon for obtaining better understanding of it. This course aims to train students in

developing, analyzing and solving mathematical models for certain complex problems (in

particular a deterministic model in physical sciences). The basic concepts of mathematical modelling will be explained. Scaling analysis, approximations and dimensional analysis

procedures will be discussed first. Both linear and non-linear models will be considered.

Analytical solution methods discussed in this course include the perturbation expansion

method, calculus of variation and Fourier series.Utilization of computer algebra system/package such as Maple and Mathematica will be stressed.


400

References Bender, C.M. & Orszag, S.A. 1999. Advanced Mathematical Methods for Scientists and

Engineers: Asymptotic Methods and Perturbation Theory. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Bender, E. 2003. An Introduction to Mathematical Modelling. New York: Dover.

Debnath, L. 2005. Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and Engineers.

Boston: Birkhauser. Gregory, R.D. 2006. Classical Mechanics. Cambridge: CUP.

Riley, K.F., Hobson, M.P. & Bence, S.J. 2007. Mathematical Methods for Physics and

Engineering: A Comprehensive Guide. Cambridge: CUP.

STQM6074 Numerical Analysis This course covers numerical methods for solving ordinary/ partial differential equations

(ODEs/PDEs). The problems considered include initial value problems and boundary value problems for ODEs. Numerical methods discussed include one-step and multi-step

methods with fixed or variable step size for stiff and non-stiff as well as chaotic

equations/system of equations. Further, the topics covered include stability and error

analysis; introduction to numerical method for PDEs such as finite difference methods; analysis of hyperbolic and elliptic equations; convergence, consistency, order and stability

methods. Applications to certain problems in engineering/science.

References Iserles, A. 1997. A First Course in the Numerical Analysis of Differential Equations.

Cambridge: CUP.

Butcher, J.C. 2003. The Numerical Analysis of Ordinary Differential Equations: Runge-Kutta and General Linear Methods. New York: John Wiley.

Knabner, P. & Angerman, L. 2002. Numerical Methods for Elliptic and Parabolic Partial

Differential Equations: An Applications-Oriented Introduction. New York: Springer.

Larsson, S. & Thomee, V. 2005. Partial Differential Equations with Numerical Methods. New York: Springer.

Press, W.H., Teukolsky, S.A., Vetterling, W.T. & Flannery, B.P. 2007. Numerical Recipes.

3rd.

Ed. The Art of Scientific Computing. Cambridge: CUP.

STQM6084 Linear Programming The aim of this course is to introduce to the students the application of mathematical modeling methods for managerial decision makings. Several deterministic models will be

discussed with a focus on how to model problems and derive solutions using LINGO

computer software. Assignments in the form of case studies require students to use LINGO to obtain the solutions and write short reports. Among the topics discussed include linear

programming, integer programming and goal programming problems, while emphasizing

on the use of these methods in solving real world problems such as problems in network analysis, transportation and assignment problems, travelling salesman problems and

efficiency analysis.


401

References Ignizio, J.P. 1982. Linear Programming in Single and Multiple Objective Systems. New

Jersey: Prentice Hall. Schniederjans, M. 1995. Goal Programming: Methodology and Applications. Boston:

Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Taha, H.A. 2007. Operations Research: An Introduction. 8th.

Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Tamiz, M. 1996. Multi-Objective Programming and Goal Programming: Theories and

Applications. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Winston, W.L. 2004. Operations Research: Applications and Algorithms. 4th.

Ed. Belmont,

CA: Brooks/Cole.

STQM6114 Topology

Topological spaces show up naturally in almost every branch of mathematics. This has made topology one of the great unifying ideas of mathematics. This course concerns with

properties that are preserved under continuous deformations of objects that emerges

through the development of concepts from geometry and set theory. The most basic and traditional division of topology namely point set topology will be considered.

References

Bredon, G.E. 1995. Topology and Geometry.3rd.

Ed. New York: Springer Verlag. Janich, K. 1995. Topology. LMS Students Text 14. Cambridge: CUP.

Munkres, J.R. 1999. Topology. London: Prentice-Hall. Roseman, D. 1999. Elementary Topology. London: Prentice-Hall.

Schwarz, A.S. 1994. Topology for Physicists. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

STQM6124 Algebra The course begins by recapitulating groups, rings and some related concepts. Group series.

Polynomial rings, Evaluation homomorphism, Division algorithm. Irreducible polynomials. Field extensions: Kronecker Theorem, algebraic and transcendental elements,

simple extensions, Vector concept in polynomial rings, Algebraic extensions,

impossibilities in geometric constructions. Automorphism field, Isomorphism extension

theorem, Spilt field, Separable extension. Totally inseparable extension. Galois Theory.

References Fraleigh, J.B. 1988. Kursus Pertama Aljabar Niskala. Terj. Abu Osman Md Tap & Abdul

Razak Salleh. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Jones, A,. Morris, S.A. & Pearson, K.R. 1991. Abstract Algebra And Famous

Impossibilities. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Lang, S. 1993. Algebra. 3rd.

Edition. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley

MacLane, S. & Birkoff, G. 1993. Algebra. 3rd.

Edition. London: Collier-Macmillan. Trignol, J-P. 2001. Galois' Theory of Algebraic Equations. Singapore: World Scientific.


402

STQM6134 Functional Analysis This course aims at showing the relation between two important structures in mathematics,

that is algebraic structure and topological structure. Combining these two structures into one mathematical system known as Banach algebra. This course begins with the

introduction of Hilbert space and its properties. Next orthogonality, Banach space and its

properties are discussed. Also discussed are linear operators on normed space, Hilbert

spaces with the Hahn-Banach theorem, Banach algebra and spectral theory. Finally the notion of C*-algebras shall be introduced briefly.

References Conway, J.B. 1985. A Course in Functional Analysis. New York: Springer Verlag.

Kutateladze, S.S. 1996. Fundamentals of Functional Analysis. Dordrecht: Kluwer

Academic Publishers. Lang, S. 1993. Real and Functional Analysis. New York: Springer Verlag.

Larcombe, G. & Levy, S. 1999. Elements of Functional Analysis. New York: Springer

Verlag.

Yoshida, K. 1995. Functional Analysis. Berlin: Springer Verlag. STQM6214 Fuzzy Mathematics This course introduces fuzzy set as a generalization of classical set. Basic operations on fuzzy sets: fuzzy complement, fuzzy union and fuzzy intersection. s-norm and t-norm.

averaging operators. Fuzzy relations. Projection and cylindric extension. Composition of

fuzzy relations. Linguistic variables. Fuzzy IF-THEN rule. Interpretation of fuzzy IF-THEN rule. Fuzzy logic and approximate reasoning. Fuzzy rule base and fuzzy inference

engine. Fuzzy systems and fuzzy theory.

References Czogala, E. & Leski, J. 2000. Fuzzy and Neuro-Fuzzy Intelligent Systems. New York:

Physica Verlag.

Li-Xin Wang. 1997. A Course in Fuzzy Systems and Control. London: Prentice-Hall. Yager, R. 1994. Essentials of Fuzzy Modeling and Control. New York: John Wiley.

Zimmermann, H-J. 1996. Fuzzy Set Theory and its Applications. 2nd.

Edition. New York: Springer-Verlag.

STQM6224 Complex Analysis This course gives a view of analyticity of functions, the proof of Cauchy‟s theorem (in triangle, convex domain or in a disc), Goursat‟s theorem with various versions, homotopy

path, singularities, maximum/minimum modulus theorem various versions, Rouche‟s

theorem and Phragmen-Lindelof‟s theorem. Schwarz lemma and Riemann mapping theorem. This course also introduces a theorem in the space of analytic functions and

shows the application of Runge‟s theorem to prove Cauchy‟s theorem and Mittag-Leffler‟s

theorem. Harmonic functions including solutions to Dirichlet‟s problem and the application of Green‟s theorem to the onto functions are also introduced. This course also

concentrate on application of Weierstrass factorization, gamma and zeta functions.

Picard‟s theorem also will be introduced in the sense of singularities.


403

References Ahlfors, L.V. 1990. Complex Analysis: An Introduction to the Theory of Analytic

Functions of One Complex Variable. London: McGraw-Hill. Bac, J. & Newman, D.J. 1997. Complex Analysis. New York: Springer Verlag.

Conway, J.B. 1995. Functions of One Complex Variable II. 2nd.

Ed. New York: Springer

Verlag.

Greene, R.E. & Krantz, S.G. 1997. Function Theory of One Complex Variable. New York:

John Wiley.

Lang, S. 1993. Complex Analysis. 3rd.

Ed. New York: Springer Verlag.

STQM6234 Ergodic Theory Ergodic theory is a quantitative study of the long term behavior of a system. The collection

of all states of a system constitute a space X and the evolution of the system is represented

by a transformation whereby if x represents the state of the system at one particular time, then T(x) represents the state of the system after one unit of time. A study will be

conducted on X which is a measure space (and T measure-preserving) and topological

space (with T continuous). The main objective is to understand as Tn increases.

References Cornfeld, I., Fomin, F. & Sinai, Y. 1991. Ergodic Theory. New York: Springer Verlag.

Katok, A. & Hasselblatt, B. 1995. Introduction to the Modern Theory of Dynamical

Systems. Cambridge, Mass.: Cambridge University Press.

Lind, D. & Marcus, B. 1999. Introduction to Symbolic Dynamics. London: Cambridge University Press.

Rudolph, D. 1999. Fundamentals of Measurable Dynamics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Walters, P. 1982. An Introduction to Ergodic Theory. New York: Springer Verlag.

STQM6254 Combinatorial Group Theory The course aims to display geometrical techniques and ideas to study free groups and group presentations, basic to the combinatorial group theory. Variety of equivalent classes

will be discussed and related groups will be constructed using various geometrical

techniques. Geometrical techniques discussed include graph, group of graph, complexes,

picture and diagram. Then several selected and latest articles will be discussed.

References Baumblag, G. 1993. Topics in Combinatorial Group Theory. Lectures in Mathematics.

Zurich: Birkhauser.

Cohen. D.E. 1989. Combinatorial Group Theory: A Topological Approach. LMS Students

Text 14. Cambridge: CUP.

Collins, D.J. 1998. Combinatorial Group Theory and Applications to Geometry. New York: Springer Verlag.

Fine, B. & Rosenberger, G. 1999. Algebraic Generalizations of Discrete Groups: a Path to

Combinatorial Group Theory Through One-relator Products. London: Marcel Dekker. Johnson, D.L. 1990. Presentation of Groups. LMS Students Text 15. Cambridge: CUP.


404

STQM6274 Measure Theory and Integration

Firstly the idea of --algebra is introduced. Next a measure is defined as a real valued

function with domain -algebra. Next outer measures is discussed (including metric outer measures) and with it is defined measurable sets, abstract measure spaces, measurable

functions and convergence measurable functions. Using these concepts, properties of

integrable functions, convergence theorems, spaces and important inequalities are discussed. Examples of definite integrals like Riemann integral, Lebesgue integrals and

Lebesgue-Stieltjes integrals will be briefly discussed. Finally the concept of measures is

extended to sign measures, complex valued measures and integration on product spaces.

References Bartle, R. G. 1995. The Elements of Integration and Lebesgue Theory. New York. John-

Wiley. Burk, F. 1997. Lebesgue Measure and Integration: An Introduction. New York. John-

Wiley.

Cohn, D. L. 1980. Measure Theory. Boston. Birkhauser. Konig, H. 1997. Measure and Integration: An Advanced Course in Basic Procedure and

Applications. New York. Springer-Verlag.

Munroe, M. E. 1971. Measure and Integration. 2nd.

Ed. Reading, Mass. Addison-Wesley.

Strook, D. W. 1998. A Concise Introduction to the Theory of Integration. New York. Sringer-Verlag.

Weir, A. J. 1999. Lebesgue Integration and Measure. Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press.

STQM6294 History and Philosophy of Mathematics This course will deepen the history and philosophy of mathematics in various aspects.

Topics to be discussed include mathematical reality from metaphysical, epistemological, logical and axiological aspect will be examined together with the relationship between

mathematics and belief systems. History and philosophy of the Islamization of knowledge

and the indigenization of knowledge will also be discussed.

References Abdul Latif Samian. 1997. Falsafah Matematik. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan

Pustaka.

Ascher, M. 1991. Ethnomathematics. Pacific Grove, Ca.: Brooks-Cole.

Lakatos, I. 2001. Pemalsuan dan Tatakaedah Aturcara Penyelidikan Sains. Terj. Shaharir

Mohamad Zain. Bangi: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Putnam, H. 1990. Realism with a Human Face. London: Harvard Univ. Press.

Shaharir Mohamad Zain. 2000. Pengenalan Sejarah dan Falsafah Sains. Bangi: Penerbit


STQM6324 Numerical Methods for Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow This course will present heat transfer and fluid flow models and their numerical solutions. The course begins with heat transfer and fluid flow model formulations. Steady and

unsteady heat conduction up to three dimensions will be discussed. Next, the course


405

discusses Crank-Nicholson method, steady and unsteady convection and diffusion up to

three dimensions, and their numerical solution schemes include hybrid and power laws.

Flow regimes and numerical solution methods will also be presented.

References Chen, C.J., Bernatz, R., Carlson, K.D. & Lin, W. 2000. The Finite Analytic Method in

Flows and Heat Transfer. New York: Hemisphere Publ. Holman, J.P. 1996. Heat Transfer. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Incropera, F.P. & Dewitt, D.P. 2001. Fundamentals of Heat and MassTransfer. 5th.

Ed.

London: John Wiley. Tannehill, J.C., Anderson, D.A. & Pletcher, R.H. 1997. Computational Fluid Mechanics

and Heat Transfer. 2nd.

Ed. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis.

Temam, R. 1984. Navier-Stokes Equations. Theory and Numerical Analysis. 2nd.

Ed. Amsterdam: North-Holland.

STQM6414 Dynamical Systems The course deals with numerical methods for heat transfer and fluid flow models. The course begins with the basics for numerical solutions of ODEs and PDEs. The stability

analysis of numerical methods is given. Formulation of the fluid flow and heat transfer

problems are discussed. Steady and unsteady heat conduction problems up to three dimensions are considered. Some numerical methods like the particular Crank-Nicholson

scheme are discussed.

References Anderson, J. D. Jr. 1995. Computational Fluid Dynamics: The Basics with Applications.

McGraw-Hill: New York.

Incropera, F.P. 2006. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. 6th.

Ed. London: Wiley. Puckett, E.G. 2009. Finite Difference Methods for Computational Fluid Dynamics. CUP:

Cambridge.

Tannehill, J. C., Anderson, A. A. & Pletcher, R. H. 1997. Computational Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer. Taylor & Francis: Philadelphia.

Tu, J., Yeoh, G.H. & Liu, C. 2007. Computational Fluid Dynamics: A Practical Approach.

Butterworth: Heinemann.

STQM6524 Non-Deterministic Linear Dynamical Systems Modeling This course is designed to exhibit the capability to model the dynamical system with non-

deterministic condition as a stochastic process which fulfills the linear stochastic differential equations. It, furthermore can lead to the stochastic integral. This includes

various Newtonian dynamical systems with noise, planning of monitoring system,

management and screening of information. From this model, the definition of the concept of stochastic process is exhibited and in addition the analytical and numerical Ito's

Stochastic Calculus is constructed to solve the mentioned model. The relationship between

the stochastic differential equations and the diffusion process is discusses to the research

boundary.


406

References Friedman, A. 2006. Stochastic Differential Equations and Applications. Dover

Publication. Mikosch, T. 1998. Elementary Stochastic Calculus with Finance in View. World

Scientific.

Oksendal, B. 2003. Stochastic Differential Equations: An Introduction with Applications.

Springer. Ross, S.M. 1996. Stochastic Processes. John Wiley.

STQM6534 Fluid Mechanics The aim of this course is to show how the ideal and viscous fluids can be modelled

mathematically, and further, to investigate the behaviour of the fluids analytically and

numerically, especially towards the Navier-Stokes equation. This course starts with general introduction to fluid and the principle of fluid static and kinematic. Discussion on ideal

fluid includes continuity, Euler and Bernoulli equations. Potential flow and incompressible

flow will also be discussed. Most parts of this course discuss viscous fluid, which leads to

Navier-Stokes equation, its derivations and exact solutions, as well as steady and unsteady flows. Basic flows, Stokes flow, laminar and turbulent flows, dimensional analysis,

similarity method as well as Reynolds number and its importance will also be discussed. In

addition, boundary layer theory and fluid instabilities will also be discussed in detail.

References Acheson, D.J. 1990. Elementary Fluid Dynamics (Oxford Applied Mathematics and

Computing Science Series). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Batchelor, G.K. 2000. An Introduction to Fluid Dynamics.3rd.

ed.Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press

Chorin, A.J. & Marsden, J.E. 2000. A Mathematical Introduction to Fluid Mechanics.3

rd.ed. New York: Springer Verlag.

Galdi, G.P., Heywood, J.G. &Rannacher, R. 2000. Fundamental Directions in

Mathematical Fluid Mechanics. Berlin: Birkhauser. White, F. M. 2005. Viscous Fluid Flow.3

rd.ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

STQM6624 Simulation This course introduces to the students the concept and applications of simulation systems.

The aim is to enable the students to model, simulate and analyse simple but representative

system quite soon throughout the course, and to encourage them to further explore the

results experimentally. Static, discrete and dynamic system simulation models will be

explained. The topics include simulation concept, modelling, simulation and analyses of

various systems especially those that use Excel, @Risk and Arena. The scientific aspect in

the management of simulation system projects is also covered.


407

References Banks, J., Carson II, J.S., Nelson, B.L. & Nicol, D.M. 2005. Discrete-event System

Simulation. 4th.

Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Chung, C.A. 2004. Simulation Modeling Handbook: A Practical Approach. Boca Raton:

CRC Press.

Kelton,W.D., Sodowski, R.P. & Swets N.B. 2010. Simulation with Arena. 5th Ed.

Boston:Mc-Graw Hill. Law, A.M. & Kelton, W.D. 2000. Simulation Modeling and Analysis. Boston: McGraw

Hill.

Seila, A.F., Ceric, V.R & Tadikamalla, P. 2004. Applied Simulation Modeling. Belmont: Brooks/Cole.

STQM6654 Mathematics of Economy and Finance in Business Mathematics of Economy and Finance is a building block to learners in the field of

finance. It exposes the student to fundamental concepts of financial mathematics, and how

those concepts are applied in calculating present and accumulated values for various

streams of cash flows as a basis for future use in: reserving, valuation, pricing, asset/liability management, investment income, capital budgeting and valuing contingent

cash flows. The candidate will also be given an introduction to financial instruments,

including derivatives. A basic knowledge of calculus and an introductory knowledge of probability is assumed.

References Zaidi Isa & Noriza Majid. 2011. Matematik Kewangan: Aplikasi Terhadap Kewangan

Islan Dan Konvensional. Penerbit UKM, Bangi.

Kellison, S.G. 2009. Theory of Interest.3rd

ed. Homewood: Irwin.

Broverman, S.A. 2010. Mathematics of Investment and Credit. 5th ed. ACTEX

Publications, Inc.

Daniel, J.W., &Vaaler, L.J.F. 2009. Mathematical Interest Theory. 2nd

ed.The

Mathematical Association of America. McDonald, R.L. 2006. Derivatives Markets. 2

nd ed. Addison Wesley.

Ruckman, C.; and Francis, J. 2005. Financial Mathematics: A Practical Guide for

Actuaries and other Business Professionals. 2nd

ed. BPP Professional Education.

STQM6988 Research Project Research project is a compulsory course, which is either a practical training, an industrial

training, a literature review or a research. Every student does this project under the supervision of a supervisor. Each student must choose a suitable topic within his/her

programme module and it must be approved by the supervisor. The student must complete

a report, which is either a critical review to the selected topic, a new theory or a new model in its own way.

STQS6244 Stochastic Process The aim of this course is to introduce the students to the theory of stochastic process. Among the topics to be discussed include discrete and continous time Markov chain. This


408

include subtopics regarding the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, Birth and Death process,

limiting probabilities and some important properties of Markov process. Other topics to be

discussed include the Poisson process and the Renewal process which include the subtopics of Homogeneous and Nonhomogeneous Poisson process, compound Poisson

Process, decomposition of Poisson Process, Renewal equation, mean-value function, limit

theorem and etc. The students will also be expose with the topics of Reliability theory,

Brownian motion and the application of Markov Chain Monte Carlo method.

References

Ross, S.M. 2007. Introduction to Probability Models. 9th edition. Burlinton: Elsevier. Kao, E.P.C. 1997. An Introduction to Stochastic Processes. California: Wadsworth

Publishing Company.

Beichelt, F. E. & Fatti L.P. 2002. Stochastic Process and Their Application. London: Taylor & Francis.

Papoulis, A. & Pillai, S.U. 2002. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes.


STQS6274 Statistical Computing Students will be equipped with sufficient computing knowledge that useful for data

analysis and statistical inferences. For these objectives they are given programming skills

using S-plus and R. Utilizing the skills the students will be trained to write function for

obtaining various statistical summaries, empirical distribution, nonparametric measures

using quantiles and the quantile based distribution summaries. In addition the students will

also be exposed to various methods for simulating random data. S-plus and R computing

for classical and Bayesian statistical inference will be discussed. All the discussions are

data and practical problems based. Re-sampling techniques for statistical inference -

bootstrap and jackknife, order statistics will be explored together with testing hypothesis

using permutation and Monte Carlo methods. Spatial data analysis.

References

Congdon, P. 2006. Bayesian Statistical Modelling. 2nd. Ed. USA: John Wiley.

Higgin, J.J. 2004. An Introduction to Modern Nonparametric Statistics. USA: Brook/Cole-

Thomson Learning.


Duxbury Thomson Learning. Venables W.N. & Ripley B.D. 2002. Mordern Applied Statistics with S. 4

th. Ed. New


Tanner, M.A. 1993. Tools for Statistical Inference, Method for the Exploration of Posterior Distribution and Likelihood Functions. 2

nd. Ed. New York: Springer

Verlag.


409

STQS6444 Time Series Modeling and Forecasting The objectives of this course are estimating simple regression models, explaining the

techniques for modeling trend and volatility in time series data, explaining the

cointegrating relation between two or more time series, and at the same time highlighting

several major issues in time series analysis that are related to stationarity, trend, volatility,

and cointegration. In particular, for modeling trend and volatility, the focus will be on the

ARCH-GARCH models. As for cointegration, the error-correction mechanism and the

Johansen approach will be discussed. At the end of the semester, the students will be

required to write one short report on the application of statistical testing methods and

model analyses that are covered during the semester.

References

Enders, W. 2004. Applied Econometric Time Series. 2nd. Ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &

Sons.

Greene, W.H. 2007. Econometric Analysis. 4th.

Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Hamilton, J.D. 1994. Time Series Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Tsay, R.S. 2005. Analysis of Financial Time Series. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Vogelvang, B. 2005. Econometrics Theory and Applications with Eviews. Harlow: Pearson Education.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (STATISTICS) Introduction Statistics is an area of study that deals with the collection, classification, analysis and

interpretation of data to explain reality based on the scientific method. The Master of Science Programme (Statistics) offers several courses in statistics, suitable for candidates

who want to further their education in this area. The programme emphasizes on the theory

and application of statistics so that candidates would master the statistical knowledge and able to apply it.

Entry Requirements The candidate applying for the Master of Science (Statistics) programme must possess:

a) Bachelor of Science degree with a good CGPA in the field of statistics from Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate; or b) Bachelor of Science degree with a good CGPA in the related field from Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate.


410

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO)

PEO1: Produce highly skilled, ethical and competitive student. PEO2: Equip students with the ability to translate and synthesize their understanding



established development. PEO4: Equip students with the ability to utilize the statistical problem solving method

such as analysis, modelling, programming and application of statistical software

in addressing the development issues and current changes. PEO5: Equip students with the scientific approaches in generating and sharing

knowledge involving is inter- and intra- discipline in nature; and

PEO6: Equip students with a high creative and innovative ability and able to contribute ideas toward the process of establishing policy, decision making and



PLO1: Able to apply the knowledge on mathematical sciences. PLO2: Able to design the methodology suitable to the problem encountered.

PLO3: Able to analyse and interpret outputs and generate new ideas based on the

outputs. PLO4: Able to gather, utilize and generate information.

PLO5: Able to manage emotion.

PLO6: Honour noble character and aesthetical values towards the Creator, customers

and society. PLO7: Able to lead, work in a team and give priority to the success of a team.

PLO8: Able to communicate effectively through speaking and writing both in Bahasa

Malaysia and English. PLO9: Able to understand mathematical science solution in every dimension of life.

PLO10: Able to recognize the needs for continuous learning and practice it throughout

the whole life.


Program Structure Candidates who wish to do course work, must attend and pass at least 32 credit hours of

courses (compulsory and elective courses) and complete a Research Project of 8 credit

hours. Candidates who do not have a good foundation of statistics must take a few

preliminary courses as listed below and must pass with an average grade of B before pursuing the masters program. These courses are:


411

Code Name of courses Units STQS6004 Calculus and Matrix Algebra for Statistics 4 STQS6014 Mathematical Statistics 4

STQS6024 Modeling and Data Analysis 4

TOTAL 12


I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology


Inference


Computing STQS6584 Statistical

Modeling

Choose two:

STQS6064 Medical Statistics

STQS6094 Sampling

Techniques

STQS6244 Stochastic Process

STQS6284 Multivariate

Analysis

STQS6424 Nonparametric Methods

STQS6444 Time Series

Modeling and

Forecasting

II

STQS6234 Bayesian

Inference

STQS6254 Design and

Analysis of

Experiments

STQS6988 Research

Project

TOTAL 32 8 40

Candidates who wish to choose the program by thesis must take 12 credit hours of courses

and write up a thesis. The 12 credit hours that are required include:


Two course valued 8 credit hours related to the research field.

List of courses Offered


STQS6004 Calculus and Matrix Algebra for Statistics STQS6014 Mathematical Statistics

STQS6024 Modeling and Data Analysis

STQS6034 Statistical Inference STQS6064 Medical Statistics

STQS6094 Sampling Techniques

STQS6234 Bayesian Inference

STQS6244 Stochastic Process STQS6254 Design and Analysis of Experiments


412

STQS6274 Statistical Computing

STQS6284 Multivariate Analysis

STQS6424 Nonparametric Methods STQS6444 Time Series Modeling and Forecasting

STQS6584 Statistical Modeling

STQS6988 Research Project

Course Contents

STQS6004 Calculus and Matrix Algebra for Statistics The aim of this course is to introduce students to the use of calculus and matrix algebra in the field of statistics. The concept of limit is given intuitively. The concept of

differentiation, rate of change and problem of extremum are discussed. Integration as anti

derivative and several integration techniques are discussed. Various basic concepts about

matrices are given: inverse, transpose, determinant, trace, quadratic form and orthogonal. Various basic concepts about vectors are discussed: vector, linearly dependent and not

linearly dependent, eigen values and eigen vectors. Introduction is given on generalized

inverse and partitioning of matrix. Several examples for linear model are given.

References Basilevsky, A. 2005. Applied Matrix Algebra in the Statistical Sciences. Amsterdam:

Elsevier.

Freund, J.E. 2004. Mathematical Statistics with Applications. New Jersey: Pearson

Prentice-Hall.

Graybill, F.A. 2001. Matrices with Applications in Statistics. 2nd.

Ed. Belmont: Wadsworth Group.

Hoffman, L.D., Bradley, G.L. & Rosen, K.H. 2005. Applied Calculus. 8th.

Ed. New York:

McGraw-Hill. Kolman, B. 1997. Introductory Linear Algebra with Applications. New York: Macmillan.

STQS6014 Mathematical Statistics The aim of this course is to introduce students to the concept of statistical thinking and tools. The concept of random variables and several distribution functions. Distributions

function of random variables and the techniques to identify the particular distribution:

distribution function technique, transformation technique and moment generating function technique. Bivariate and multivariate distribution are discussed in the aspects of joint

densities, joint distribution function, marginal distribution, conditional distribution,

independence between random variables, conditional expectation and correlation coefficient. Chebyshev theorem and bivariate normal. Order statistics and sampling

distribution. Several distributions related to normal distribution such as t distribution, Chi-

square and F. Law of large numbers and central limit theorem. Methods of point

estimation, maximum likelihood technique and method of moment. Point estimation and interval estimation involves estimation of one population parameter and two population

parameters. Hypothesis testing covers one and two populations.


413

References Freund, J.E. 2004. Mathematical Statistics with Applications. 7

thed. New Jersey: Prentice-

Hall. Hogg, R.V. & Tanis, E.A. 2010.Probability and Statistical Inference. 8

th ed. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall.

Wackerly, D. D., Mendenhall, W. &Scheaffer, R.L. 2008.Mathematical Statistics with


Rice, J.A. 2007. Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis. Belmont: Thomson

Brooks/Cole.

Upton, G. & Cook, I. 1997. Understanding Statistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

STQS6024 Modeling and Data Analysis The aim of this course is to introduce students to the practical use of statistical software in doing statistical tests. The topics covered are test of hypothesis, error measurement, power

of the test, test to compare means such as t test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), analysis of

covariance (ANCOVA); goodness of fit test for distributions; test for linear relationship

which covers correlation, simple regression and multiple regression as well as introduction to the analysis of residuals. Several related topics on nonparametric statistics will also be

discussed.

References Agresti, A. & Franklin, C.A. 2006. Statistics: The Arts and Science of Learning from Data.

2nd.

Ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. Draper, N.R. & Smith, H. 1998.Applied Regression Analysis. 3

rded. New York: John

Wiley.

Mann, P.S. 2004.Introductory Statistics. 5thed. New York: John Wiley.

Jacques J., Christos H.S. & Constantin Z. 2010. Advances in Stochastic Modelling and

Data Analysis. The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic. Charles M.J., Gary H.M.&Carey S.R. 2008. Data Analysis: A Model Comparison

Approach, 2nd

ed. New York: Routledge.

Andrew G. & Jennifer H. 2006. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. 1

sted. New York: Cambridge.

Salvarote I., Roberto R. & Maurizio V. 2011. New Perspectives in Statistical Modeling

and Data Analysis. 1sted. New York: Springer.

Mendenhall, W. &Sincich, T. 2011.Second Course in Statistics: A Regression Analysis.

7thed.New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Montgomery, D. C. &Runger, G. C. 2011.Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers.

5thed. New York: John Wiley.

STQS6034 Statistical Inference The aim of this course is to enhance understanding of students in the theory of statistics,

point estimations and the properties of the estimators. The properties discussed include efficiency, unbiasedness, minimum variance unbiased estimator, sufficiency and

completeness. Rao-Cramer Inequality and Rao-Blackwell Theorem are discussed. The

estimation methods studied include maximum likelihood, method of moment and least

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414

square. Asymptotic evaluations of the estimators are also covered. Various topics under

hypothesis testing such as best critical region and likelihood ratio are also discussed.

References Berry, D.A. & Lindgren, B.W. 1996. Statistics: Theory and Methods. 2

nd.Ed. Boston:

Duxbury Press.

Casella, G & Berger, R.L. 2002 Statistical Inference.2nd.

Ed. Pacific Grove: Duxbury Press. Garthwaite, P.H., Jolliffe, I.T. & Jones, B. 1995. Statistical Inference. London: Prentice-

Hall.

Gnedenko, B.V. 1999. The Theory of Probability and the Elements of Statistics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hogg R.V. & Tanis, E.A. 2010.Probability and Statistical Inference. 8th ed. NJ: Prentice

Hall. Wackerly, D. D., Mendenhall, W. & Scheaffer, R.L. 2008.Mathematical Statistics with


STQS6064 Medical Statistics Several important statistical concepts in medicine are discussed in detail. Basic analysis

methods will be examined including the evaluation of the diagnostic tests. Topics that will

be discussed are risk, relative risk, odds and odds ratio, prevalence and incidence, attributal risk, confounding and interaction, detection of and adjustment for confounding effects.

Observational studies such as cohort studies, control-case will be covered; intervention

methods; sample size determination. Other topics discussed are modelling in medicine, classical linear model, logistic model and survival model.

References Armitage, P., Berry, G. & Mathews, J.N.S. 2001. Statistical Methods in Medical Research.

4th. Ed. Oxford: Blackwell.

Bland, M. 2000. An Introduction to Medical Statistics. 3rd.

Ed. Oxford: Oxford University

Press. Collett, D. 2003. Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research. 2

nd. Ed. London: Chapman

and Hall.

Schlesselman, J.J. 1982. Case Control Studies: Design Conduct and Analysis. London:

Oxford University Press. Woordward, M. 2005. Epidemiology: Study Design and Data Analysis. 2

nd. Ed. London:

Chapman and Hall.

STQS6094 Sampling Techniques This course introduces sampling designs and the related theories. The discussion will begin

with various important statistics obtained from surveys and the necessary measures for initiating a survey. Simple random sampling will be discussed in detail, the theory,

practical aspects, and mathematical derivations. Estimators and the properties will be

studied mathematically and supported using computing techniques. Stratified sampling

will be explored in details - include mathematical derivation, computing and the practical aspects. Simulation methods will be utilized for data generation and for investigating the


415

properties of the estimators. Single and two stages cluster sampling will also be studied.

Similar approaches as used for stratified sampling will be implemented in investigating the

properties of estimators produced by cluster sampling. This course covers sampling design for wildlife population and spatial sampling.

References Barnett, V. 2003. Sample Survey: Principles and Methods.3

rd.ed. London: Hodder Arnold

Publication.

Lohr S. L. 1999 Sampling: Design and Analysis. Duxbury Press. International Thomson

Publishing. Levy, P.S. &Lemeshow, S. 2008. Sampling of Populations: Methods and Applications. 4

th.

New York: Wiley.

Rao, P.S.R.S. 2000. Sampling Methodologies with Applications. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press LLC.

Thompson, S.K. 2002. Sampling (Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics). 2nd.

ed. New

York: John Wiley.

STQS6244 Stochastic Process The aim of this course is to introduce the students to the theory of stochastic process.

Among the topics to be discussed include discrete and continous time Markov chain. This include subtopics regarding the Chapman-Kolmogorov equation, Birth and Death process,

limiting probabilities and some important properties of Markov process. Other topics to be

discussed include the Poisson process and the Renewal process which include the subtopics of Homogeneous and Nonhomogeneous Poisson process, compound Poisson

Process, decomposition of Poisson Process, Renewal equation, mean-value function, limit

theorem and etc. The students will also be expose with the topics of Reliability theory,

Brownian motion and the aplication of Markov Chain Monte Carlo method.

References Ross, S.M. 2007. Introduction to Probability Models. 9th edition. Burlinton Elsevier. Kao, E.P.C. 1997. An Introduction to Stochastic Processes. California: Wadsworth

Publishing Company.

Beichelt, F.E. & Fatti, L.P. 2002. Stochastic Process and Their Application.

London:Taylor & Francis. Papoulis, A. & Pillai, S.U. 2002. Probability, Random Variables and Stochastic Processes.


STQS6254 Design and Analysis of Experiments The aim of this course is to explain the role of statistics in the scientific method which is a

prerequisite to design an efficient experiment. This course will cover the basic principles of experimentation; randomization, and replication. RRL & one-way ANOVA; linear

contrasts; underlying assumptions in ANOVA; analysis of residuals; additivity and

interaction; transformation of data to satisfy ANOVA assumptions; block design;

incomplete block design; properties of orthogonality and balance; rule of assignment of treatments in blocks; 2

n factorial designs; blocking and confounding in factorial


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experiments; fractional factorial designs; confounding systems and aliases; design

resolutions. Other topics covered will be fractional factorial designs; response surface

methodology; and covariance analysis.

References Berger, P.D. & Maurer, R.E. 2002. Experimental Design with Application in Management,

Engineering, and the Sciences. Duxbury: Thompson Learning. Cox, D.R. & Reid, N. 2000. The Theory of the Design of Experiments. Boca Raton,

Florida: CRC Pres LLC.

Hinkelmann, K. & Kempthorne, O. 2008. Design and Analysis of Experiments, Vol. 1: Introduction to Experimental Design. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Kuehl, R.O. 2000. Design of Experiments: Statistical Principles of Research Design and

Analysis. 2nd.

ed. Duxbury: Thompson Learning. Montgomery, D.C. 2005. Design and Analysis of Experiments. 6

th. ed. New York: John

Wiley.

STQS6274 Statistical Computing Students will be equipped with sufficient computing knowledge that useful for data

analysis and statistical inferences. For these objectives they are given programming skills

using R. Utilizing the skills the students will be trained to write function for obtaining various statistical summaries, empirical distribution, nonparametric measures using

quantiles and the quantile based distribution summaries. In addition the students will also

be exposed to various methods for simulating random data. R computing for classical and Bayesian statistical inference will be discussed. All the discussions are data and practical

problems based. Re-sampling techniques for statistical inference - bootstrap and jackknife,

order statistics will be explored together with testing hypothesis using permutation and

Monte Carlo methods.

References

Congdon, P. 2006. Bayesian Statistical Modelling. 2nd.

Ed. USA: John Wiley. Higgin, J.J. 2004. An Introduction to Modern Nonparametric Statistics. USA: Brook/Cole-

Thomson Learning.


Duxbury Thomson Learning. Venables W.N. & Ripley B.D. 2002. Mordern Applied Statistics with S. 4

th. ed. New


Tanner, M.A. 1993. Tools for Statistical Inference, Method for the Exploration of Posterior Distribution and Likelihood Functions. 2

nd. Ed. New York: Springer

Verlag.

STQS6284 Multivariate Analysis

This course introduces the nature of multivariate as compare to univariate data. The

practices of univariate data analysis are extended to multivariate data. Estimation theories

and statistical inferences for multivariate distributions will be covered. Multivariate methods such as multivariate analysis of variance, principle component analysis, factor


417

analysis, canonical correlation analysis, discriminants analysis and cluster analysis are

explained. The mathematics, computing and data analysis will be integrated in the course.

References Anderson, T.W. 2003. An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 3

rd. Ed. New

York : John Wiley & Sons.

Johnson, R.C. & Wichern, D.W. 2002. Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis. 5th. Ed.

New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Lattin, J., Carroll, J.D. & Green, P.E. 2003. Analyzing Multivariate Data. Duxbury:

Thomson Learning.

Mardia, K.V., Kent, J.T. & Bibby, J.M. 1979. Multivariate Analysis. New York: Academic Press.

Tacq, J. 1997. Multivariate Analysis Techniques in Social Science Research. New York:

Sage Publ.

STQS6444 Time Series Modeling and Forecasting The objectives of this course are estimating simple regression models, explaining the

techniques for modeling trend and volatility in time series data, explaining the cointegrating relation between two or more time series, and at the same time highlighting

several major issues in time series analysis that are related to stationarity, trend, volatility,

and cointegration. In particular, for modeling trend and volatility, the focus will be on the ARCH-GARCH models. As for cointegration, the error-correction mechanism and the

Johansen approach will be discussed. At the end of the semester, the students will be

required to write one short report on the application of statistical testing methods and model analyses that are covered during the semester.

References Enders, W. 2004. Applied Econometric Time Series. 2

nd.ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley &

Sons.

Greene, W.H. 2007. Econometric Analysis. 4th.

ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Hamilton, J.D. 1994. Time Series Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press. Tsay, R.S. 2005. Analysis of Financial Time Series. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Vogelvang, B. 2005. Econometrics Theory and Applications with EViews. Harlow:

Pearson Education.

STQS6584 Statistical Modeling This course begins by introducing the concept of modeling through simple linear

regression, multiple linear regression and nonlinear regression where error terms is assumed to be normally distributed. Diagnostic checking on fitted model and model

assumptions will be further discussed. The course continue to model where the normality

assumption is not met. Students will be exposed to the concepts of generalized linear model such as logistic models, Poisson and log-linear models. The concepts of maximum

likehood estimation, likehood ratio test and the concept of deviance will be introduced.


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References Myers, R.H., Montgomery, D.C., Vinning, G.G. & Robinson, T.J. 2010. Generalized

Linear Model: With Applications in Engineering and the Sciences. 2nd


Daniel T.K. 2009. Statistical Modeling: A Fresh Approach. Macalester: Createspace.

David A.F. 2009. Statistical Models: Theory and Practice. 2nd

ed. Cambridge: University

Press. Dobson, A.J. & Barnett, A. 2008. An Introduction to Generalized Linear Models.3

rd ed.

Florida: Chapman and Hall/CRC.

STQS6988 Research Project Research project is a compulsory course work involving case study/literature

survey/research. The student is required to conduct the research study under supervision of a supervisor. The student is also required to select a pertinent topic as agreed to by the

supervisor. The students are required to write up a comprehensive and scientific report on

the study that he/she has conducted.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (QUALITY AND PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT)

Introduction This program is offered to address the challenging issues of quality and productivity in the

industrial environment. The main courses offered range from total management techniques and their philosophy to product quality improvement and services with more emphasis on

the application of the statistical methods. The main message is to make the consumers

understand that the application of scientific methods and statistics will bring improvement to product quality and services.

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for the Master of Science (Quality and Productivity Improvement)

program must possess:

a) Bachelor of Science degree with a good CGPA in the field of Mathematical Sciences


b) Bachelor degree with a good CGPA in the fields of sciences, technology, engineering, management or social sciences from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other

universities approved by the Senate; or

c) Bachelor degree in the fields of sciences, technology, engineering, management or social sciences from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by

the Senate with related and suitable working experiences.

http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=ntt_athr_dp_sr_1?_encoding=UTF8&sort=relevancerank&search-alias=books&ie=UTF8&field-author=David%20A.%20Freedman

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PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO)

PEO1: Produce highly skilled, ethical and competitive student; PEO2: Equip students with the ability to translate and synthesize their understanding

towards nature, human and development;


established development; PEO4: Equip students with the ability to utilize the mathematical problem solving method

such as analysis, modelling, programming and mathematic software application in

addressing the development issues and current changes; PEO5: Equip students with the scientific approaches in generating and sharing knowledge

which is inter- and intra- discipline in nature; and

PEO6: Equip students with the high creativity and innovative ability and able to contribute ideas toward the policy establishment process, decision making and



PLO1: Able to apply the mathematical sciences knowledge.

PLO2: Ability to design the methodology suitable to the problem encountered. PLO3: Ability to analyse and interpret outputs and generate new ideas based on the

outputs.

PLO4: Able to gather, utilize and generate information. PLO5: Strength to manage emotion.

PLO6: Honour noble character and aesthetical values towards the Creator, customers and

society.

PLO7: Able to lead, work in a team and give priority to the success of a team. PLO8: Able to communicate effectively through speaking and writing both in Bahasa

Malaysia and English.

PLO9: Ability to understand mathematical science solution in every dimension of life. PLO10: Ability to recognize the needs for continuous learning and practice it in the whole

life.


Program Structure Candidates taking the program by Course Work are required to enrol and pass 28 units of

courses (core and elective) and to complete 8 units of a Research Project. Candidates are

also required to enrol in 1 compulsory course offered by the faculty; STPD6014 Research

Methodology.

This program is divided into three modules as follow:

Public Sector

Manufacturing Sector

Service Sector


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PUBLIC SECTOR MODULE


I


STQK6114 Quality

Assurance and

Standardization

STQK6134 Total Quality

Management

STQK6154 Organizational

Performance

Measurement

Choose two:

STQK6124 Process Control

and Quality

Improvement

STQK6514 Quality

Management in

Service Sector

STQK6534 Marketing

Research

Methods STQK6544 Quality Design

and System

Reliability

II

STQK6324 Service Delivery

System in the

Public Sector STQK6524 Productivity

Measurement

STQK6988 Research Project

TOTAL 32 8 40

MANUFACTURING SECTOR MODULE


I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

STQK6114 Quality

Assurance and

Standardization


Management

STQK6144 Organizational Performance

Measurement

Choose two:

STQK6264 Supply Chain

Management

STQK6514 Quality

Management in

Service Sector

STQK6534 Marketing Research

Methods

STQK6544 Quality Design

and System

Reliability

II


and Quality

Improvement

STQK6524 Productivity

Measurement


TOTAL 32 8 40


421

SERVICE SECTOR MODULE


I


STQK6114 Quality

Assurance and

Standardization


Management

STQK6144 Organizational

Performance

Measurement

Choose two:


and Quality

Improvement

STQK6264 Supply Chain

Management

STQK6534 Marketing

Research

Methods

STQK6544 Quality Design and System

Reliability

II

STQK6514 Quality

Management in

Service Sector STQK6524 Productivity

Measurement


TOTAL 32 8 40

Courses Offered


STQK6114 Quality Assurance and Standardization

STQK6124 Process Control and Quality Improvement STQK6134 Total Quality Management

STQK6154 Organizational Performance Measurement

STQK6264 Supply Chain Management STQK6324 Service Delivery System in the Public Sector

STQK6514 Quality Management in Service Sector

STQK6524 Productivity Measurement

STQK6534 Marketing Research Methods STQK6544 Quality Design and System Reliability


Course Contents

STQK6114 Quality Assurance and Standardization This course aims at giving students knowledge on the quality system in an organization

and its role in assuring quality in products and services. Topics that will be discussed include the Total Quality Control, ISO 9000 and its development, documentation and

planning of quality system, quality assurance analysis techniques, and quality audits and

accreditation. This course also exposes the students to Quality Management System (QMS) based on Islam perspectives and the Syariah principles in supporting and defining


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QMS MS 1900:2005. Next, the QMS MS1900:2005 is studied on its implementation in

various sectors, and method that can improve their competitiveness by adding Islamic

values and halal aspects in the process of producing products and providing services, and in the work environment.

References Andrew Neely, Chris Adams dan Mike Kennerly. 2022. The Performance Prism: The

Scorecard for Measuring and Managing Business Success. Financial Times Prentice

Hall.

Arie Halachmi dan Geert Bouckaert. 1996. Organizational performance and measurement in the public sector: toward service, effort and accomplishment reporting. Quorum

Book, Connecticut, and London.

Bob Frost. 2nd

Rev edition. 2000 Measuring Performance: Using the new metrics to deploy strategy and improve performance. Measurement Intl.

David Parmenter. 2ed

2010. Key Performance Indicators (KPI): Developing, Implementing

and Using Winning KPIs. Wiley.

Dean R. Spitzer. 2007. Transforming Performance Measurement: Rethinking the Way We Measure and Drive Organizational Success. AMACOM.

Douglas K. Smith. 1999. Make Success Measurable: A Mindbook-Workbook for Setting

Goals and Taking Action. Wiley. Douglas W. Hubbard. 2007. How to Measure Anything: Finding the Value of

“Intangibles” in Business. Wiley.

Marc J Epstien, Jean-Francois Manzoni dan Marc J. Epstein, 2004. Performance Measurement and Richard Y. Chang dan Mark W. Morgan. 2000. Performance

Scorecards: Measuring the Right Thing in the Real World. Jossey-Bass.

STQK6124 Process Control and Quality Improvement The aim of this course is to illustrate students the importance of process control and

quality improvement based on 6Sigma concept and how to apply the 6Sigma methodology

in order to identify customers and improve process in an organization. The application of 6Sigma will be divided into two general categories; i.e. in manufacturing and

management. Topics that will be discussed include the understanding and definition of

6Sigma concepts and its steps, identification of critical factors for success, measurement

strategies including measurement tools, analyze phase, control phase including some control charts such as multivariate charts, CUSUM, EWMA, decision barrier scheme and

reliability test, reference measurement, break even analysis of the quality values, learning

curve and process improvement.

References David S. Chambers & Donald J. Wheeler. 1992. Understanding Statistical Process

Control. 2nd


Donald J. Wheeler. 2004. Advanced Topics in Statistical Process Control: The Power of

Shewhart’s Charts. 2nd


Douglas C. Montgomery, 6th

ed. 2008. Introduction to Statistical Quality Control. John Wiley.


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John S. Oakland. 2008. Statistical process control. 6th ed. Burlington: Elsevier

Nur Riza Mohd Suradi, Zainol Haji Mustafa dan Faridatul Azna Ahmad Shahbudin. 2000.

Kawalan Proses Statistik: Aplikasi di Industri. Penerbit UKM Pete Pande & Larry Holpp. 2011. What is Six Sigma? McGraw-Hill.

STQK6134 Total Quality Management This course introduces students to the concepts of Total Quality Management (TQM) from the aspects of history, philosophy, principles, needs, measurement, reports and its usage.

Topics that will be discussed include the historical development of TQM; TQM

philosophy, needs and principles of TQM; customer concentration, human resource management, process management, ISO 9000 and its development, documentation and

planning of quality system, quality audits and accreditation, and benchmarking.

Reference Camp, R.C. 2006. Benchmarking: The Search for Industry Best Practices That Lead To

Superior Performance. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: ASQC Quality Press.

Evans, J.R. & Lindsay, W.M. 2004. The Management and Control of Quality. 6th.

Ed. South-Western: South-Western College Pub.

Leonard, D. & Mcguire, M. 2007. The Executive Guide To Understanding and

Implementing The Baldrige Criteria: Improve Revenue and Create Organizational Excellence (ASQ Quality Management Division Economics of Quality Book Series).

Milwaukee, Wisconsin: ASQ Quality Press.

Patricia Keehley, P. & Abercrombie, N. 2008. Benchmarking in The Public and Nonprofit Sectors: Best By Practices For Achieving Performance Breakthroughs. San Francisco,

CA: Jossey-Bass.

Thomas, F.S. 2002. Managing Quality: An Integrative Approach. Upper saddle River, NJ:

Prentice Hall.

STQK6154 Organizational Performance Measurement This course aims at giving students knowledge of the concepts of measuring an organization‟s performance, either in public or private sector. Emphasize will be given on

the questions of why performance measurement is an essential element in an organization

and how it can be done. One of the performance principles that are important is the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) and its linkages to the organization‟s strategic planning.

Other performance principle that will be highlighted is the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) that

measures performance in 4 major perspectives: Internal Process, Customer, Finance and Human Capital. Implementation aspects of BSC and its challenges will also be discussed.

Several case studies will be presented in order to enhance the knowledge of students

towards the performance measurement through BSC implementation.

References Franceschini, F., Galetto, M. & Maisano, D. 2007. Management By Measurement:

Designing Key Indicators and Performance Measurement Systems. Heidelberg, Berlin: Springer-Verlag.


424

Kaplan, R.S & Norton, D.P. 1996. The Balanced Scorecard: Translating Strategy Into

Action. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

Lawson, R., Desroaches, D. & Hatch, T. 2008. Scorecard Best Practices: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Niven, P.R. 2006. Balanced Scorecard Step-By-Step: Maximizing Performance and

Maintaining Results. 2nd.

Ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons

Parmenter, D. 2007. Key Performance Indicators: Developing, Implementing, And Using Winning KPIS. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

STQK6264 Supply Chain Management This course is an introduction to the supply chain concept and will explore the

management of supply chains to improve an organization's overall supply efficiency. Other

concepts included are the definitions of supply chains, identification procedures, an overview of methods, processes, and systems that are used in the operation of supply

chains, and the applications of methods, processes, and systems to improve supply chain

performance.

References Chopra, S. & Meindl, P. 2006. Supply Chain Management: Strategy, Planning &

Operations. 3rd.

Ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Hugos, M. 2006. Essentials of Supply Chain Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Madu, C.N. 2005. ERP and Supply Chain Management. Connecticut: Chi Publishers Inc.

Schoenfeldt, T. 2008. A Practical Application of Supply Chain Management Principles. Milwaukee, Wisconsin: ASQC Quality Press.

Stadtler, H. 2004. Supply Chain Management and Advanced Planning: Concepts, Models,

Software & Case Studies. 3rd.


STQK6324 Service Delivery System in the Public Sector In this course, student will be exposed to the service delivery system of the government

agencies. Students need to understand various policies, regulation and circulation about various types and level of public service released by the Public Service Department of

Malaysia. The history aspects of the public service and its evolution in Malaysia also will

be discussed. Among important approaches in the public service that will be discussed

includes „Best Value Review‟. Comparison with various service delivery systems from other countries, particularly from Australia, United Kingdom, USA and Canada will also

be touched. Case study on the public service system in the government agencies will also

be discussed

References Anwar Shah. 2005. Public Services Delivery (Public Sector, Governance, and

Accountabilityseries). Washington, DC: World Bank Publication.

Anwar Shah. 2009. Tools for Public Sector Evaluation (Public Sector, Governance, and

Accountability series). Washington, DC: World Bank Publication.

Christopher H. Lovelock. 2008. Services Marketing. 7th.

Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/search-handle-url?%5Fencoding=UTF8&search-type=ss&index=books&field-author=Thomas%20Schoenfeldt


425

Light, P.C. 1999. The New Public Service. New York: Brooking Institution Press.

Mat Zin Mat Kib. 2006. Penyampaian Perkhidmatan Pihak Berkuasa Tempatan: Isu Dan

Cabaran. Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam: Pusat Penerbitan Universiti.

STQK6514 Quality Management in Service Sector This course explains to students the definition of 'customer service' and 'service excellence', basis of service excellent and the importance of services excellent in an

organization. The importance aspect is how an organization can manage the customer

complaint and solve the problem that being complaint by the customer. It also discusses the barrier to service excellence. The aim of this course is also to introduce students the

methods of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) which is one of the important

business strategies for an organization which put customers as the main focus. Students will get to understand the meaning and concepts of CRM and its importance to any

organization, especially business organizations. Implementation of CRM in an

organization includes aspects such as customer profiling, customer data warehousing and

customer data mining, and also problems often encountered whilst implementing it will be discussed. Other aspects are customer satisfaction measurement, customer loyalty,

customer equity concept and value equity. The usage of information technology makes the

implementation of automatic CRM easier and establishment of Call Centre or Customer Service Centre is also discussed.

References Fitzsimmons, J.A. & fitzsimmons, M. J. 2011. Service Management: Operations, Strategy,

Information Technology. Edisi ke-7. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Johnston, R. & Clark, G. 2005. Service Operations Management. Edisi ke-2. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall. Van Looy, B., Gemmel, P. & Van Dierdock, R. 2003. Service Marketing: An Integrated

Approach. Edisi ke-2. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Zeithaml, V. A., Bitner, M. J. & Gremler, D. D. 2009. Service Marketing: Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Zemke, R. & Woods, J. A. 1999. Best Practice in Customer Service. New York: American

Management Association.

STQK6524 Productivity Measurement This course introduces the concept of measuring the productivity of a firm, which

efficiently convert inputs into outputs. Productivity measurement is a way which provides an excellent medium to monitor the status of productivity, and to explicitly relate

productivity to its other strategic objectives. Topics discussed include productivity

indicators, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, Index numbers and Malmquist Index. Several applications of the DEA method and Malmquist Index will be discussed.

References Aft, L.S. 1991. Productivity Measurement and Improvement. Upper Saddle River, NJ:

Prentice Hall.


426

Coelli, T.J., Rao, D.S.P., O'Donnell, C.J. & Battese, G.E. 2005. An Introduction To

Efficiency and Productivity Analysis. 2nd. Ed. New York: Springer Science & Business Media, Inc.

Norman, M. & Stoker B. 1991. Data Envelopment Analysis: The Assessment Of

Performance. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Schaffer, R.H. 2006. Managing Productivity. New York: Jaico Publishing House.

Sherman, H.D. & Joe, S. 2006. Service Productivity Management. New York: Springer

Science & Business Media, Inc.

STQK6534 Marketing Research Methods This course discusses the research in marketing. Students will be exposed to the scientific

research methods in order to understand and be able to analyze any problem in an organization. Comprehension of problem statement, research issues, research design,

collection and analysis of data will be discussed in detail. The best approach in producing

an 'Executive Summary' will also be discussed. The use of SPSS statistical package to analyze data and the interpretation of the outcomes of the statistical analysis will be

delivered to students. In this case, several concepts and statistical analysis techniques will

be discussed using collected data from a selected real life problem.

References

Burns, A.C & Bush, R.F 2006. Marketing Research. 5th. Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Malhotra, N.K. 2007. Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation. 5th. Ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

McDaniel, C & Gates, R. 2007. Marketing Research. 7th. Ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.

Scheaffer, R.L. & Mendenhall, W. 1990. Elementary Survey Sampling. 4th. Ed. Boston: PWS-KENT Publ. Co.

Zikmund, W.G. 1991. Exploring Market Research. 4th. Ed. Chicago: Dryden Press. STQK6544 Quality Design and System Reliability This course explores how statistics is used for controlling quality of product design and the process in manufacturing industry and furthermore for reliability assurance in production

system. Experiments done by most researchers from various fields will be made an

example in teaching and learning of this course. The outcomes from the analysis of these experiments depend and rely on the factors (whether the factors are fixed or randomly

chosen) and experiment errors. Data collected from the experimental design are not only

important to be analyzed statistically but also the ability to interpret the results becoming

more important for more established experimental design development having taken into account suitable errors and factors. The topics that will be discussed are design of

experiments in quality improvement and control; analysis of variance, f-test, multiple

comparison, completely randomised design, factorial design, orthogonality, optimal blocked and design; Taguchi quality definition, Taguchi method, signal-noise ratio, robust

design, loss function and output tolerance, reliability and failure function; life time


427

distribution, model selection and fitting; repairable systems; fault tree; life testing plan;

accelerated life testing; failure rating models and regression.

References Dhillon, B. 1999.Design reliability: fundamentals and applications. Boca Raton, Fl: CRC

Press.

Douglas C. Montgomery. 2012. Design and Analysis of Experiments. 8th ed. John Wiley

George E. P. Box, J. Stuart Hunter, William G. Hunter. 2005. Statistics for

Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery. 2nd

ed. Wiley-Interscience.

Jiju Antony. 2003. Design of Experiments for Engineers and Scientists. Butterworth-Heinemann.

Mark J. Andersondan Patrick J. Whitcomb.2007. DOE Simplified: Practical Tools for

Effective Experimentation. 2nd

ed. Productivity Press; Paul G. Mathews. 2005. Design of Experiments with MINITAB. ASQ QualityPress.

Ranjit K. Roy.2001. Design of Experiments Using the Taguchi Approach: 16 Steps to

Product and Process Improvement. John Wiley

Warren Brussee. 2004. Statistics for Six Sigma Made Easy.1st ed. McGraw-Hill.

STQK6988 Research Project Research project is a compulsory course work involving case study/literature

survey/research. The student is required to conduct the research study under supervision of a supervisor. The student is also required to select a pertinent topic as agreed to by the

supervisor. The students are required to write up a comprehensive and scientific report on

the study that he/she has conducted.

http://as.wiley.com/WileyCDA/Section/id-302477.html?query=Ranjit+K.+Roy


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SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES


429

SCHOOL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND NATURAL RESOURCE SCIENCES

Introduction The establishment of the School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences integrates the knowledge of sciences such as the environmental sciences, geology, biology

and marine sciences. The school participates actively in realizing the national agenda in

education that is to improve capacity building of scientists and technocrats. In order to achieve the goal, the school offers several Master and Doctor of Philosophy programmes

that are focused on original research.

Research Areas and Degrees Offered The School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences conducts research in various

fields of study in biology, environment sciences, geology and marine sciences. These include plant and animal systematics, conservation biology, forest ecology, weed science,

cytogenetics, air and water pollution, land use and its control, forest fires and forest

ecology, pesticide resistivity, environment health and security, biological monitoring and

environmental impact assessment, geology and engineering geophysics, basin analysis, petroleum geology, environmental geology, economic geology and industrial minerals,

geotourism and conservation geology, regional geology, remote sensing and GIS, coral

reef ecology and mangroves, invertebrate diversity, fishes, microbes, vulnerable seaweed phenomenon, climatic weather patterns related to El Nino and La Nina, geochemistry,

heavy metals and radionuclides, remote sensing applications and GIS for monitoring

coastal changes. At the graduate level, the school offers the following programmes:

a) Doctor of Philosophy Programmes

Biology

Botany

Genetics

Zoology

Geology

Ocean Sciences

Environmental Sciences

b) Master of Science by Thesis

Biology

Botany

Genetics

Zoology

Geology

Ocean Sciences

Environmental Sciences


430

c) Master of Science by Course Work

Conservation Biology

Entomology

Management of Plant Genetic Resources

Plant Systematic

Engineering and Environmental Geophysics

Engineering Geology

Industrial Minerals

Environmental Assessment and Monitoring

Marine Sciences

Entry Requirements Candidates applying for this program must possess:

Doctor of Philosophy Programmes

a) A Master's degree from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate; or

b) Other relevant professional/vocational qualifications or related experience which are

recognised as equivalent to a Master's degree in Science by the Senate; or c) A First Class Honours Degree or equivalent to a Cumulative Grade Point Average

(CGPA) not less than 3.67 from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities


d) Other relevant professional/vocational qualifications or related experience which are recognised as equivalent to a Master's degree by the Senate.

Master of Science Programmes a) A Bachelor's degree in Science with a good cumulative grade point average (CGPA)


b) Other relevant professional/vocational qualifications or relevant experience approved by the Senate; or

c) Other equivalent qualification to a Bachelor's degree in Science or other qualifications

approved by the Senate;

d) Candidates with a lower CGPA could be considered based on his or her related research experiences in the field of study.

Programme Structure

Doctor of Philosophy All candidates of this programme are required to register for the STPD6014 Research

Methodology course and thesis for each semester until the end of the academic

programme. Students are required to schedule meetings with their supervisor or

postgradute committee for not less than 40 hours per semester for full time students and 20 hours per semester for part time students.


431

Master of Science Thesis

Candidates are required to register and pass 10 credit hours of courses and submit a thesis

on completion of their research project. This requirement for 10 credit hours of courses can

be fulfilled by registering for any course at Master of Science level offered by the Schools

in the Faculty of Science and Technology subject to mutual agreement with supervisor. Students should arrange to meet with their supervisor or the postgraduate committee at

least 26 hours every semester for full time students and 13 hours for part time students.

Course Work Students should register and pass 40 credit hours within 12 months (2 semesters). These

units comprise core and elective courses of which their ratio varies in accordance to the respective programmes. Core courses include STPD6014 Research Methodology (4 credit

hours), Research Project I (4 credit hours) and Research Project II (6 credit hours).

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (BIOLOGY)

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME (PEO) PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered biological knowledge holistically.

PEO2: To produce a graduate who has competence in soft skills.


PEO4: To produce a graduate who is able to contribute to other disciplines in order to give impetus to the national and global development.


PROGRAM OUTCOME (PO)

PO1: A solid foundation in biology which can contribute to other disciplines. PO2: Have an in-depth knowledge in biology and be able to identify problems and

formulate corrective action.

PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate knowledge in biology effectively. PO4: Competent in conducting research and development in biology and possess

creative and innovative skills.

PO5: Possess moral, ethical and professional value sand show a concern for the environment.




DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (BOTANY)


432

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME (PEO)

PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the botany knowledge holistically.


PEO3: To produce a graduate who is the awareness towards environment.

PEO4: To produce a graduate who is able to contribute to other disciplines in order to give impetus to national and global development.



PO1: A solid foundation in botanical science which can contribute to other disciplines. PO2: Have an in-depth knowledge in botanical science and be able to identify problems


PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate knowledge in botanical science effectively.

PO4: Competent in conducting research and development in botanical science and possess creative and innovative skills.


environment. PO6: Capable of interacting and communicating effectively.



DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (GENETICS) PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME (PEO)

PEO1: To produce graduates with intellectual aptitude and expertise in genetics.

PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of genetics in career development. PEO3: To apply knowledge in genetics to lead the way and contribute towards the

progress in related fields to serve the needs and well being of society.


PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate genetics in a broader knowledge framework.



433


PO1: Able to contribute key concepts in genetics, and related areas in the development of society and industries.

PO2: Able to apply knowledge and expertise in decision making and problems solving.


PO4: Possess sound scientific communication skills and able to work as a team. PO5: Able to source, retrieve and use scientific information related to the discipline and

possess skills necessary for life-long learning.

PO6: Aware of ethical and contemporary issues in genetics and related areas. PO7: Adequately informed and able to address issues pertaining to safety of products



DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (ZOOLOGY)


PEO1: To produce graduates with intellectual aptitude and expertise in zoology.

PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of zoology in career development. PEO3: To apply knowledge in zoology to lead the way and contribute towards the

progress in related fields to serve the needs and well being of society.


advancement. PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate zoology in a broader knowledge framework.

PEO6: To strengthen effective communication skills of national and international

standings.


PO1: Able to contribute key concepts in zoology and related areas in the development of society and industries.

PO2: Able to apply knowledge and expertise in decision making and problems solving.

PO3: Able to critically design experiments, analyse, interpret and integrate data. PO4: Possess sound scientific communication skills and able to work as a team.

PO5: Able to source, retrieve and use scientific information related to the discipline and

possess skills necessary for life-long learning. PO6: Aware of ethical and contemporary issues in zoology and related areas.





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DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (GEOLOGY)

PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME (PEO) PEO1: To produce graduates with intellectual aptitude and expertise in geology. PEO2: To inculcate the knowledge of geology in career development.

PEO3: To apply knowledge in geology to lead the way and contribute towards the

progress in related fields to serve the needs and well being of society. PEO4: To develop the ability of creative and critical thinking for knowledge

advancement.

PEO5: To strengthen the ability to integrate geology in a broader knowledge framework. PEO6: To strengthen effective communication skills of national and international

standings.

PROGRAM OUTCOME (PO) PO1: A solid foundation in geology which can contribute to other disciplines.

PO2: Have an in-depth knowledge in geology and be able to identify problems and formulate corrective action.

PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate knowledge in geology effectively.

PO4: Competent in conducting research and development in geology and possess creative and innovative skills.


environment.

PO6: Capable of interacting and communicating effectively. PO7: Possess good entrepreneurship and leadership skills.

PO8: Willingness to explore and practice life-long learning.

PO9: Possess a high degree of confidence, self-esteem and open mindedness.

DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (OCEAN SCIENCES)


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the ocean science knowledge holistically.

PEO2: To produce a graduate who has competence in soft skills. PEO3: To produce a graduate who has the awareness towards environment.





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PO1: Mastery of advance knowledge in ocean science. PO2: Technical competence in marine science with the ability to employ scientific

methods to design, conduct experiments, analyze statistically, interpret data and

contribute new information in the field of ocean science.

PO3: Ability to identify problems in ocean science and to solve the problems critically, creatively and innovatively.

PO4: Ability to work independently as an individual and inter-dependently as in a team.

PO5: Ability to communicate effectively in verbal and in writing to the scientific and public communities.

PO6: Ability to obtain, manage and utilize the latest information systematically and

effectively. PO7: High motivation for life-long learning.

PO8: Ability to address issues on and understand the need of cultural and environmental

ethics in society.

PO9: Basic knowledge in entrepreneurship and management to develop and commercialize research findings for a sustainable community and environment.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (BIOLOGY)


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the biological knowledge holistically. PEO2: To produce a graduate who has competence in soft skills.





PO1: A solid foundation in biology which can contribute to other disciplines.

PO2: Have an in-depth knowledge in biology and be able to identify problems and formulate corrective action.

PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate knowledge in biology effectively.

PO4: Competent in conducting research and development in biology and possess creative and innovative skills.


environment.





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MASTER OF SCIENCE (BOTANY)


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the botany knowledge holistically. PEO2: To produce a graduate who has competence in soft skills.





PO1: A solid foundation in botany which can contribute to other disciplines.

PO2: Have an in-depth knowledge in botany and be able to identify problems and formulate corrective action.

PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate knowledge in botany effectively.

PO4: Competent in conducting research and development in botany and possess creative and innovative skills.






MASTER OF SCIENCE (GENETICS) PROGRAM EDUCATIONAL OUTCOME (PEO)

PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the genetics knowledge holistically.



give impetus to the national and global development. PEO5: To develop effective communication skills of national and international standings.


PO1: A solid foundation in genetics which can contribute to other disciplines. PO2: Have an in-depth knowledge in genetics and be able to identify problems and


PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate knowledge in genetics effectively.


437

PO4: Competent in conducting research and development in genetics and possess


PO5: Possess moral, ethical and professional values and show a concern for the environment.




MASTER OF SCIENCE (ZOOLOGY)


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the zoology knowledge holistically. PEO2: To produce a graduate who has competence in soft skills.





PO1: A solid foundation in zoology which can contribute to other disciplines.

PO2: Have an in-depth knowledge in zoology and be able to identify problems and formulate corrective action.

PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate knowledge in zoology effectively.

PO4: Competent in conducting research and development in zoology and possess creative and innovative skills.


environment.




MASTER OF SCIENCE (GEOLOGY)


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the geology knowledge holistically.




438





PO1: A solid foundation in geology which can contribute to other disciplines. PO2: Have an in-depth knowledge in geology and be able to identify problems and


PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate knowledge in geology effectively. PO4: Competent in conducting research and development in geology and possess


PO5: Possess moral, ethical and professional values and show a concern for the environment.




MASTER OF SCIENCE (OCEAN SCIENCES)


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the ocean sciences knowledge holistically.


PEO3: To produce a graduate who has the awareness towards environment. PEO4: To produce a graduate who is able to contribute to other disciplines in order to




PO1: A solid foundation in ocean sciences which can contribute to other disciplines. PO2: Have an in-depth knowledge in ocean sciences and be able to identify problems


PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate knowledge in ocean sciences effectively. PO4: Competent in conducting research and development in ocean sciences and possess







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MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES)


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the environmental sciences knowledge

holistically. PEO2: To produce a graduate who has competence in soft skills.





PO1: A solid foundation in environmental sciences which can contribute to other

disciplines. PO2: Have an in-depth knowledge in environmental sciences and be able to identify

problems and formulate corrective action.

PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate knowledge in environmental sciences effectively. PO4: Competent in conducting research and development in environmental sciences and

possess creative and innovative skills.





Courses Offered

STPD6014 Research Methodology STAP6014 Natural Resource Prospecting

STAP6033 Biogeography

STAP6043 Plant Diversity and Systematic STAP6064 Geographical Information Systems & Remote Sensing

STAP6073 Environmental Management System

STAP6092 Environmental Ethics

STAP6974 Research Project I STAP6986 Research Project II

STAB6013 Conservation Biology

STAB6034 Population & Community Ecology STAB6054 Conservation Ethics & Legislation

STAB6084 Natural Resource & Environmental Economics


440

STAB6123 Taxonomic Data and Resource Management

STAB6134 Phylogeny, Diversity and Taxonomy of Cryptogams

STAB6143 Economic Botany and Ethnobotany STAB6153 Plant Micromorphology and Anatomy

STAB6174 Principles and Methods of Phylogeny Reconstruction

STAB6614 Insect Systematic

STAB6624 Insect Ecology STAB6633 Insect Morphology and Anatomy

STAB6644 Insect Pest Management

STAB6654 Insect Physiology STAB6664 Medical and Urban Entomology

STAB6673 Molecular Entomology

STAB6903 Diversity of Plant Genetic Resources STAB6914 Plant Breeding

STAB6924 Advanced Plant Biotechnology

STAE6013 Management of Lake Ecosystems and Wetlands

STAE6303 Procedure and Techniques in EIA STAE6323 Assessment and Monitoring of Air and Water Quality

STAG6083 Hydrogeology

STAG6104 Analytical Techniques and Assessment of Industrial Minerals STAG6113 Earth Resources

STAG6123 Upstream and Downstream Aspects of Industrial Minerals

STAG6143 Economics of Industrial Minerals STAG6134 Geology of Industrial Minerals

STAG6154 Techniques in Industrial Mineral Exploration

STAG6213 Engineering Geology

STAG6224 Soil Engineering STAG6234 Rock Engineering

STAG6243 Geohazard Investigation

STAG6314 Engineering Geophysics STAG6324 Environmental Geophysics

STAG6334 Instrumentation and Field Geophysics

STAG6343 Geophysical Data Processing

STAG6353 Geophysical Data Interpretation STAG6363 Hydrogeology and Contamination Process

STAL6013 Advance Marine Ecology

STAL6023 Mariculture STAL6033 Marine Microbiology and Biotechnology

STAL6034 Data Analysis Methods in Marine Sciences

STAL6043 Management and Conservation of Marine Resources STAL6103 Advance Marine Chemistry

STAL6213 Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography


441

Course Contents

STAP6014 Natural Resource Prospecting The aim of this course is to identify the types and distribution of natural resources that

exist on this planet. The term natural resource refers to both biotic resources (living

organisms) and biotic resources (e.g. soil, water, limestone formations, petroleum, coal, gold etc.). The course will emphasize on the fact that natural resources need to be utilized

by mankind. But at the same time, there needs to be some sort of balance between

exploitation and conservation of these resources to minimize environmental destruction/degradation and meet the needs of future generations.

References Botkin, D.B. & Keller, E.A. 2005. Environmental Science: Earth as a Living Planet. 3

rd.

Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Camp, W.G. & Daugherty, T.B. 1995. Managing Our Natural Resources. 3rd.

Ed. USA:

Delmar. Tietenberg, T. 2006. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics. 7

th. Ed. New York:

Addison-Wesley Longman Inc.

UNDP, UNEP, World Bank & WRI. 2000. World Resources 2001-2002: People and Ecosystems:The Fraying Web of Life. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

STAP6033 Biogeography Biogeography is a multidisciplinary science related to biology, geography, geology,

paleontology and ecology. Biogeography seeks to answer basic question such as why are

there so many living creatures. Why are they distributed in the way they are? Have they

always occupied current distribution patterns? Is the present activity of human affecting these patterns What are their prospects of future? In this course students will acquire

knowledge on science of biogeography. This course is organized in four parts. The first

part covers the ecological setting that includes geographical variation in physical environment and limits of species distribution. The second part involves the historical

setting such as speciation, extinction, dispersal, endemism and reconstructing

biogeographic histories. The third part covers distribution of taxa in space and time and the

fourth part includes the ecological biogeography such as the equilibrium theory of island biogeography, island patterns and processes, and conservation.

References Avise, JC. 2000. Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Cambridge,

Mass.: Harvard University.

Avise, JC. 2004. Molecular Markers, Natural History, and Evolution. Sunderland, Mass. : Sinauer Associates

Cox CB & Moore PD. 2005. Biogeography: An Ecological and Evolutionary Approach.

Malden, MA : Blackwell Pub.

Huggett, JH. 2004. Fundamentals of Biogeography. London : Routledge. MacDonald, G. 2003. Biogeography: Space, Time, and Life. New York : John Wiley &

Sons.


442

STAP6043 Plant Diversity and Systematic This course covers the introduction to the scope and importance of plant systematic to

plant biodiversity highlighting the needs for plant identification, classification and to understand the practice of botanical nomenclature. A brief history of taxonomy and also

the classification of systematic in the modern era is touched. Emphasis is given to

understanding the concept of population, species, genus and family and other categories in

the taxonomic hierarchy. The course also focuses on the nature, type and application of taxonomic evidences paying special attention to the traditional evidences as well as the

modern molecular evidences such as DNA. The course ends with some discussion on what

the taxonomic institutions do and also what taxonomists normally practice.

References Davis. P. H. & V. H. Heywood. 1973. Principles of Angiosperm Taxonomy. Robert E.

Krieger Publishing Company Heywood, V.H. 1976. Plant Taxonomy. Studies in Biology. No. 5. 2nd. Ed. Edwards

Arnold.

Jeffrey, C. 1982. An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy. 2nd. Ed. Cambridge University Press.

Jeffrey, C. 1973. Biological Nomenclature. Edwards Arnold Publishers Jones, Jr., S B. & A. E. Luchsinger. 1979. Plant Systematics. McGraw-Hill Book

Company

Porter, C.L. 1967. Taxonomy of the Flowering Plants. 2nd. Ed. W.H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco.

STAP6064 Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing This course is divided into three parts: i.e. remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS). Students will be exposed to the theory

and concept of remote sensing, geographical information system and global positioning

system as technologies in digital mapping. The course also covers on spatial and non-

spatial data processing and positioning of spatial location for spatial mapping purposes.

References Charles Elachi & Jacob van Zyl. 2006. Introducing To The Physics and Techniques of

Remote Sensing. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Hofmann-Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H. & Collins, J. 2004. Global Positioning System:

Theory and Practice. New York: Springer-Verlag Wien. Karen Steede-Terry. 2000. Integrating GIS and The Global Positioning System. redlands:

Esri Press.

Paul A. Longley, Michael F. Goodchild, David J. Maguire & David W. Rhind. 2005.

Geographical Information Systems and Science. 2nd. Ed. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Sharifah Mastura S.A. 1999. Pengenalan Penderiaan Jauh. Bangi: Jabatan Geografi UKM

STAP6073 Environmental Management System The course discusses the approach in environmental management which emphasizes

Environmental Management System (EMS). The basic elements of EMS will be discussed


443

for example constructing environmental guidelines, carrying out objectives and targets,

programme implementation to accomplish the objectives, monitoring and measurements of

efficiency, and also to reevaluate the system in order to improve the overall achievements. Students will be introduced to a new paradigm in environmental management which is

Environmental Management Standard ISO 14000 Series. Details that will be discussed

comprises the history of the standard development, comparison between other

environmental management system such as BS7750 and EMAS, important elements of organization assessment aspect, product and process assessment, certification process and

the implementation in Malaysia.

References Cascio, J., Woodside, G. & Mitchell, P. 1996. ISO 14000 Guide: the new International

Environmental Management Standards. New York: McGraw –Hill. Clements, R.B. 1996. Complete Guide to ISO 14000. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey:

Prentice Hall.

Hunt, D. & Johnson, C. 1995. Environmental Management Systems: Principles and

Practice. London: McGraw-Hill Book Company. International Organization for Standardization. 1994. Committee Draft ISO/CD 14000

Environmental Management Systems-general Guidelilnes on Principle, Systems and

Supporting Techniques. Geneva: International Organization for Standardization. Ritchie, I. & Hayes, W. 1998. Guide to Impelementation of the ISO 14000 Series on

Environmental Management. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

STAP6092 Environmental Ethics Many environmental problems today are linked to the problematics of ethics. Whether it is

ethics (or lack of which) that is related to the cause of an environmental problem, or ethics

that is made the basis to evaluate a situation or an attitude towards the environment. Ethics as a knowledge discipline is also used to analyse an environmental condition or policies

relating to the environment. This course approaches ethics as a knowledge field that

inquires into how value systems influence observations, attitude, evaluation and decision making. The emphasis of this course is on the application of ethics towards environmental

concerns although it necessarily begins with basic discussions on ethics itself.

References Donald VanDeVeer & Christine Pierce, (Ed.). 1994. The Environmental Ethics and Policy

Book. Wadsworth.

List, Peter. 1993. Radical Environmentalism. Wadsworth. Sue Hendler. 1995. Planning Ethics. CUPR: Rutgers University, New Brunswick. Nasr,

Seyyed Hossein. Religion and the Order of Nature. Oxford University Press, 1996.

Rockefeller, S. C. & Elder, J. C. Eds. 1992. Spirit and Nature: Why the Environment is a Religious Issue. Boston: Beacon.

STAP6974 Research Project I The research project will be carried out in two semesters consecutively and each candidate is expected to submit their report at the end of the second semester. The titles for the


444

projects will be given by the respective lecturers who are responsible to guide the students

during their studies. This project will be evaluated based on the proposal presentation and

the progress of the project in the first semester. STAP6986 Research Project II The Research Project II is the continuation of the Research Project I where students in this

semester are required to write a report in the form of a thesis on all the results gained from

the two semester project. Evaluation will be on the outcome of the project and the way it is presented both in printed version and verbally. The project must be written according to

the UKM format.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (CONSERVATION BIOLOGY)

Introduction

The Conservation Biology Programme provides an interdisciplinary curriculum that

integrates an understanding of biological diversity with the economic and social

dimensions of development. This programme is collaboratively taught by staff from various departments and faculties who share a common interest in the conservation of

nature and natural resources. The broad-based approach allows graduates to pursue a wide

range of career options including consulting, policy research, planning, land management, research and teaching. It is also targeted at working professionals wishing to update or

acquire new skills in the field of conservation biology.

Entry Requirements

Candidates should possess a degree with a good CGPA from Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate in Biological Sciences. Graduates in other fields or lacking adequate background may be admitted but must have relevant

experience related to conservation.


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has a holistic understanding of conservation biology.




PROGRAMME LEARNING OUTCOME (PO) PO1: Mastery of basic knowledge in Conservation Biology.

PO2: Ability to apply biological principles and techniques to the key questions of why,

what, where and how to conserve. PO3: Ability to identify and solve problems critically, creatively and innovatively.

PO4: Ability to work effectively as an individual and in teams.


445

PO5: Ability to communicate verbally and in writing with the scientific community and

the public.

PO6: Develop statistical and analytical skills to manage and interpret data for conservation management and research.

PO7: High motivation for life-long learning.

PO8: Have a good understanding of the practical realities and key approaches in

conservation management and decision making. PO9: Basic knowledge in entrepreneurship and management with the aim to develop and

commercialize research findings for a sustainable community and environment.

Programme Structure The Master of Science programme offered is a programme based on coursework requiring

12 months (2 semesters). Candidates are required to complete a total of 40 credit hours, comprising 25 credit hours of core courses and 15 credit hours of elective courses.

Candidates are encouraged to expand their individual interest through research projects

which commence in the first semester and are supervised by UKM academic staff together with experts/scientists from relevant institutes. Candidates are required to submit their

Research Project Dissertation at the end of the second semester for examination.


I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

STAP6064 Geographical

Information

Systems &

Remote

Sensing

STAP6974 Research

Project I

STAB6054 Conservation

Ethics &

Legislation

STAB6084 Natural

Resource &

Environmental

Economics

20

II

STAP6033 Biogeography STAP6014 Natural

Resource

Prospecting

STAP6986 Research

Project II


STAB6034 Population &

Community

Ecology

20

TOTAL 25 15 40

Courses Offered


STAP6033 Biogeography STAP6014 Natural Resources Prospecting

STAP6064 Geographical Information Systems & Remote Sensing



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STAB6034 Population & Community Ecology

STAB6054 Conservation Ethics & Legislation STAB6084 Natural Resource & Environmental Economics

Course Contents

STAB6013 Conservation Biology The Earth is now in a critical period for the survival of its natural ecosystems and their

plant and animal members. Conservation biology is a multidisciplinary science that has

been developed to deal with this crisis. Conservation biology is not just about maintaining viable populations of all species. Conservation is also about moral philosophy, social

justice, economics and politics. The course will be divided into a number of sections to

reflect this multidisciplinary approach, namely the origins of conservation biology;

biological diversity and its importance; threats to biological diversity; protection, restoration and management of populations, species, habitats and ecosystems; and

economics and sustainable development.

References Dyke, F.V. 2008. Conservation Biology: Foundations, Concepts, Applications. Holland:

Springer. Groom, M.J. Meffe, G.K. & Carroll, C.R. 2005. Principles of Conservation Biology. 3rd.

Ed. USA: Sinaues Associates.

Meijaard, E., Sheil, D., Nasi, R., Augeri, D., Rosembaum, B., Iskandar, D., Setyawati, T.,

Lammertink, M., Rachmatika, I., Wong, A., Soehartono, T., Stanley, S. & O'Brien, T. 2005. Life After Logging: Reconciling Wildlife Conservation And Production Forestry

in Indonesian Borneo. Jakarta: CIFOR & UNESCO.

Primack, R.B. 2006. Essentials of Conservation Biology. 4th. Ed. New York: Sinauer. Sodhi, N.S. & Brook, B.W. 2005. Southeast Asian Biodiversity in Crisis. Cambridge:

University Press.

STAB6034 Population and Community Ecology Population and community are the two most important subjects in ecology. Population

ecology is the study of populations of animals and plants, a population being a group of

interbreeding organisms, while community ecology is the study of any assemblage of populations in a prescribed area or habitat. In this course, populations are analyzed in

terms of their variability, density, and stability, and of the environmental and other

processes and circumstances that affect these characteristics. Among such determinants of a given population are birth and death rates; the distribution of ages and sexes; behavioral

patterns of competition and cooperation; predator-prey, host-parasite, and other

relationships with different species; food supplies and other environmental considerations;

and migration patterns. Further, communities are analyzed based on traditional characteristics; diversity, dominance, growth form and structure, trophic structure and

relative abundance; and described as distinctive living system with development and

function. In analyses and assessment of populations and communities, mathematical


447

models and indices that incorporate as many determinants and variables are used to predict

the effect of change in any one determinant may have on a population and community.

References Begon, M., Harper, J.L. & Townsend, C.R. 1996. Ecology: Individuals, Populations and

Communities. 3rd. Ed. Blackwell Scientific Publications.

Begon, M. & Moritimer, M. 1996. Population Ecology: A Unified Study of Animals and Plants. 3rd. Ed. Blackwell Science Publications.

Giller, P.S. 1984. Community Structure and The Niche. Chapman and Hall.

Krebs, C.J. 2001. Ecology: The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. 4th.

Ed. Harper and Row. Stiling, P. 1999. Ecology: Theories and Applications. 3rd. Ed. Prentice-Hall Int.

STAB6054 Conservation Ethics and Legislation Ethics and law are essential to conservation. The former sets the objective, and the latter

the legal basis. This course will briefly introduce by way of background, the basic issues

relating to conservation ethics and law. General ethical concerns, the evolution of laws relating to biological resources, habitat and ecosystems, at both global and national levels

will be sketched. Various principles and concepts relating to biological conservation will

also be discussed, to identify the inherent values (ethics). Institutional roles and functions

will be outlined to describe the accountability and responsibility attached in implementing laws for conservation. The relationship between science, ethics and law will also be

analysed in brief.

References Alder, J. & Wilkinson, D. 1999. Environmental Law and Ethics. Macmillan: Press

Ltd.

Dower, N. 1989. Ethics and Environmental Responsibility. Avebury. LaFollette, H. (ed.). 2000. The Blackwell Guide to Ethical Theory. Blackwell Publishers.

Sands, P. 1995. Principles of International Environmental Law. Manchester:

Manchester Press Van Heijnsbergen, P. 1997. International Legal Protection of Wild Fauna and Flora. IOS

Press.

STAB6084 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics The course discusses the economic principles of natural and environmental resource

conservation. Issues in sustainable economy of renewable and non-renewable resources,

economic valuation of natural resource goods and environmental functions and their incorporation into a cost benefit analysis of development projects versus conservation will

be given special attention. A discussion on the use of economic and market-based

instruments to encourage natural and environmental resource conservation will be provided.


448

References Abdul Hamid H. M. I. & Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 2005. Penilaian Sumber dan Harta

Tanah Hutan. J.Bahru: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. McNally, Richard & Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 2003. Environmental Economics: A Practical

Guide. WWFUK

Mohd Shahwahid H.O. & Jamal O. 1999. Economic costs to Malaysia. Dlm. Glover, D.

& Jessup, T. (ed.) hlm. 22-50. Bab 3 of Institute of South East Asian Studies (ISEAS) and Economy & Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) book on


Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 1999 (ed.). Manual on Economic Valuation of Environmental Goods and Services of Peat Swamp Forests. Malaysian-DANCED Project on

Sustainable Managementof Peat Swamp Forests, Peninsular Malaysia



MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENTOMOLOGY)

Introduction Entomology is a field of science specializing on all aspects of learning and studying of

insects. Its importance to mankind cannot be denied in the highly sophisticated era and

borderless world that we live in. This is because man can easily move freely and quickly

from place to place and unintentionally carry with them insects that are potential pests or act as vector of disease in other countries. The effect of physical development that

indirectly change the ecosystem, landscape and habitat in which insects live in can

contribute to the reduction of insect diversity, loss of insect species that are highly sensitive to habitat changes, and most importantly can make insects become crop pests or

become the cause of annoyance. As such, it is the responsibility of Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia to train and produce Master of Science (Entomology) graduates with knowledge and skills to solve problems related to or caused by insects.

The Master of Science (Entomology) Programme by course work is offered to

candidates interested in pursuing their studies in Entomology full-time (one year) or part-

time (two years). The programme is designed in such as way that graduates have the opportunity to appreciate, understand and learn all aspects of insects especially those

related to the role and contribution of insects to other related field of sciences, ecosystem

stability, mankind and the whole world. To achieve this target, students are required to take core and elective courses that are related to the study of insects. Additionally, they must

also conduct a short research project. It is hoped that by taking these courses the graduates

will be equipped with knowledge suited for Master of Science (Entomology) degree and will help them pursue careers as well as facilitate them to further their studies to Doctor of

Philosophy level in the same or related fields.


449

Entry Requirements Candidates for the programme by course work must possess the following:

a) Bachelor of Science (Zoology, Entomology or General Biology) degree with a good Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) from University Kebangsaan Malaysia or

other universities approved by the Senate.

b) Other qualifications equivalent to a Bachelor of Science (Zoology, Entomology or General Biology) degree and other qualification or working experience in relevant

fields approved by the Senate.


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the entomology knowledge holistically.




PROGRAMME LEARNING OUTCOME (PO)

PO1: Mastery of basic knowledge in entomology.

PO2: Technical competence in entomology with the ability to employ scientific

methods to design, conduct experiments, analyze statistically, interpret data and contribute new information in the field of entomology.

PO3: Ability to identify problems in entomology and to solve the problems critically,

creatively and innovatively. PO4: Ability to work independently as an individual and inter-dependently as in a team.

PO5: Ability to communicate effectively in verbal and in writing to the scientific and

public communities.

PO6: Ability to obtain, manage and utilize the latest information systematically and effectively.

PO7: High motivation for life-long learning.

PO8: Ability to address issues on and understand the need of cultural and environmental ethics in society.

PO9: Basic knowledge in entrepreneurship and management to develop and

commercialize research findings for a sustainable community and environment.

Programme Structure The Master of Science programme offered is a programme based on coursework requiring 12 months (2 semesters). Candidates are required to complete a total of 40 credit hours,

comprising 23 credit hours of core courses and 17 credit hours of elective courses.

Candidates are encouraged to expand their individual interest through research projects which commence in the first semester and are supervised by UKM academic staff together

with experts/scientists from relevant institutes. Candidates are required to submit their



450

SEMESTER CORE COURSES ELECTIVE

COURSES TOTAL

I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

STAP6974 Research Project

I

STAB6614 Insect

Systematic

STAB6624 Insect

Ecology

STAB6633 Insect

Morphology

and Anatomy

19

II

STAB6673 Molecular

Entomology

STAP6986 Research Project II

STAB6644 Insect Pest

Management

STAB6654 Insect

Physiology

STAB6664 Medical and Urban

Entomology

21

TOTAL 17 23 40

Courses Offered


STAP6974 Research Project I


STAB6614 Insect Systematic STAB6624 Insect Ecology

STAB6633 Insect Morphology and Anatomy

STAB6644 Insect Pest Management STAB6654 Insect Physiology

STAB6664 Medical and Urban Entomology

STAB6673 Molecular Entomology

Course Contents

STAB6614 Insect Systematics The course will first discuss the introduction of systematics, its historical development and systematic activities including the systematics of Malaysian insects. Students will be

exposed to ways on how to increase their knowledge on taxonomy by studying the

principles and concepts of systematics which involve grouping, classification and naming

according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). They will also be exposed to aspects of evolution, ecology, ethology, biogeography and other related aspects.

To really understand the systematic activities, three major aspects will also be emphasized,

namely the morphological characters, reproductive and molecule (DNA). An introduction and application of computer software such as PAUP will be taught especially in erecting a


451

phylogenetic tree of a given insect group. Students will be requested to write taxonomic

manuscripts and erect a phylogenetic tree of their own selected insect group or taxa, which

in turn will be their term paper for this course.

References Borror, D.J., Triplehorn, C.A. & Johnson, N.F. 1989. An Introduction to The Study of

Insects. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publ.

Mayr, E. & Ashlock, P.D. 1991. Principles of Systematics Zoology. 2nd.

Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Romoser, W.S. & Stoffolano, J.G. 1998. The Science of Entomology. Boston: WCB

McGraw-Hill. Swofford, D.L. 1991. PAUP: Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony. Version 3.1.

Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey.

Wiley, E.O. 1981. Phylogenetics: The Theory and Practice of Phylogenetic Systematics.

New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

STAB6624 Insect Ecology This course will discuss the habit and role of insects from an ecological perspective. The discussion on the ecological aspects that cover insect growth, development, survival,

reproduction, role of host, abiotic and biotic factors, adaptation, genetic variation, life

support system and distribution pattern in nature and for application perspective will be

heavily emphasized. The concept of insects in ecosystem, diversity and tropic structure, role as decomposer, pollinator, vector and the dynamic and regulator of insect pest

population will also be discussed. The diversity and conservation aspects with examples of

highly valuable insects ecologically, economically, medicinal and aesthetic as well as those of protected species will also be discussed.

References Huffaker, C.L. & Gutierrez, A.P. 1999. Ecological Entomology. 2nd. Ed. New York: John

Wiley & Sons.

Price, P.W. 1997. Insect Ecology. 3rd. Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Showalter, T.D. 2000. Insect Ecology: An Ecosystems Approach. London: Academic Press.

Speight, M.R. & Wylie, F.R. 2001. Insect Pests in Tropical Forestry. London: CABI Publ.

Travor Beebee. 2004. An Introduction To Molecular Ecology. Oxford Univ. Press.

STAB6633 Insect Morphology and Anatomy This course discusses external and internal structure of insects as insects (arthropods with body divided into 3: head, thorax and abdomen) that have basic structures and appendages

with modifications/ adaptations which enable insects to function, survive, and adapt as

organisms most successful and diverse on this earth, in the context as basic understanding

of insect biology, ecology, classification and physiology. Of those discussed include: structure, body wall (exoskeleton), segmentation; structure and appendages in head

(including eyes, antennae, mouthparts and feeding mode adaptation), thorax, (including

wings and flight, legs and movement, spiracles and respiration) and abdomen (including


452

spiracles, reproductive appendages, genitalia and non-reproductive). Exposed includes

knowledge of internal structures: endoskeleton, muscular system, (and movement);

digestive system (according to feeding mode); circulatory system (opened and blood); respiratory system (tracheal, terrestrial, aquatic and parasitic); excretory system;

reproductive system (male and female) and development; nervous system (and sensory

organs).

References Norman F. Johnson & Charles A. Triplehorn 2004. Borror and Delong's Introduction To

The Study of Insects. 7th.

Ed. New York: Saunders College Publishing.

Chapman, R. F. 1998. The Insects: Structure and Function. 4th.

Ed. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Blum, M. S. 1985. Fundamentals of Insect Physiology. New York: John Wiley and Sons Inc.

Kerkut, G.A. & Gilbert, L. I. 1985. Comprehensive Insect Physiology, Biochemistry and

Pharmacology. Vol. 1 - 12. Oxford, New York: Pergamon Press. Roeder, K. D. 1985. Insect Physiology. New Delhi: International Books & Periodicals

Supply Service Publication.

STAB6644 Insect Pest Management This course will discuss the principles of Integrated Insect Pest Management (IPM). The

important components that ensure the success of IPM, such as basic biology, ecology,

insect behavior, biotic and abiotic factors, types of damage, economic threshold levels, monitoring, sampling, strategies and techniques of pest control that are environmental

friendly using biological control agents (predators, parasitoids, pathogens and microbial

insecticides) will be discussed. Students will also be introduced to the concept of on-line and modeling development for „Integrated Pest Management Program‟ (IPM), and how

best to implement (including on aspects of agricultural law) and evaluate socially,

politically and environmentally acceptable in a borderless economic era. The law of

pesticide development, usage and selling and aspect of insect quarantine will also be discussed. Additionally, students will be introduced to contributions of biotechnology

methods and techniques to the progress and success of IPM. At the end of the course

students are required to develop an IPM for the current three species of major insect pests of their selected crops.

References Croft, B.A. 1990. Arthropod Biological Control Agents and Pesticides. London: John

Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dent, D. 2000. Insect Pest Management. 2nd. Ed. London: CABI Interl.

Marshall, G. & Walters, D. 1994. Molecular Biology in Crop Protection. London: Chapman & Hall.


The Taunton Press. Tanada, Y. & Kaya, H.K. 1993. Insect Pathology. San Diego: Academic Press, Inc.


453

STAB6654 Insect Physiology This course will discuss the internal processes that make it possible for an insect to survive

and reproduce. The basic physiological processes in insect include nutrition and digestion, excretion (salt and water balance), respiratory and circulatory system, reproduction, muscle

and movement, sensory and nervous systems, as well as exo- and endo-drine systems.

Students will also learn about the electrical events in cells, fat content and its metabolisme,

integument and molting process, brain and sensory intergration in coordinating physiology and functions. Students will also be exposed to the molecular aspects of egg yolk and

chitin development as well as insect resistance to chemical and microbiological

insecticides. At the end of the course, students are required to write a term paper of a chosen topic related to insect physiology.

References Beckage, N.E. 2008. Insect Imunology. Amsterdam: Boston, Academic Press.

Blomquist G. J. & Vogt. R. G. 2003. Insect Pheromone Biochemistry and Molecular

Biology. Amsrerdam: Elsevier Academic Press. Klowden, M.J. 2007. Physiological Systems in Insects. 2nd. Ed. USA: Academic Press.

Nation, J.L. 2002. Insect Physiology and Biochemistry. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Springer Chapman, R.F. 1998. The Insects Structure and Function. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University.

STAB6664 Medical and Urban Entomology

This course will discuss the introduction and classification of insect of medical importance

(human, domestic and husbandry animals), structural insect pests as well as those infesting food, stored products and other materials. Students will also be exposed to biological,

ecological and behavioral aspects of medical and urban insect pests, and the latest control

approaches (integrated management) especially using methods and strategies that are environmental friendly, easy to be used, cheap and socially acceptable. In addition, legal

aspects and the impact of each control method to the economy and politics will also be

discussed. The discussion will focus more on mosquitoes, flies (including Drosphila

melanagaster), cockroaches, termite, fleas, bedbug, tick and mites. Visit to centres or research institutes related to this course will be conducted to give opportunity to students

to relate what is taught in classes with what has been or being done to insects of medical,

urban or structural, stored product importance. At the end of the course students are required to prepare a term paper with the topic of their choice related to insects that have

been discussed in this course.

References Eldridge, B.F. & Edman, J.D. 2000. Medical Entomology: A Rextbook on Public Health

and Veterinary Poblems Caused by Arthropods. Iowa: Kluwer Academic

Publication.


454

Mike, W. 2000. Medical Entomology for Students Service. 2nd. Ed. London: Cambridge

University Press.

Maramorosch, K. & Mahmood, F. 1999. Maintenance of Human, Animal and Plant Pathogen Vectors. New York: Science Publishers Inc.


The Taunton Press.

Walter, E. 1975. Urban Entomology. Los Angeles: University of California Publ.

STAB6673 Molecular Entomology Molecular entomology will give the opportunity to students to keep abreast with current

trend of using molecular biology tools to comprehend better understanding about insects.

Students will be exposed to techniques of how to manipulate insect for disease control both on human and crops as well to improve integrated insect pest management programme. As

such, this course will initially introduce students with a basic knowledge of molecular

biology of insects and other eucaryotic organisms followed by how to apply the molecular

technologies and biotechnologies to entomological topics including molecular genetic of insect behavior, systematics and evolution, transfection of plant with insecticidal genes,

transgenic insect, improving virulence of biological control and molecular mechanism of

pesticides resistant. Analysis of molecular processes unique to insects, and their potentials for genetic engineering will also be taught. This course will exclusively be taught by

lectures and discussions. Students will also have the opportunity to visit a molecular

biology laboratory to exchange views with other molecular biology students and they use molecular biology tools in their work.

References Hill, D.M. & Mable, B.K. 1996. Molecular Systematics. 2nd. Ed. Sinauer Associates, Inc.

Sunderland, MT, USA.

Hoy, M.A. 2003. Insect Molecular Genetics: An Introduction to Principles and Applications. 2nd. Ed. New York: Academic Press.

Marshall, G. & D. Walters. 1994. Molecular Biology in Crop Protection. London:

Chapman & Hall.

Romoser, W.S. & Stoffolano, J.G. 1998. The Science of Entomology. Boston: WCB McGraw-Hill.

Wiley, E.O. 1991. Phylogenetics: The Theory & Practices of Phylogentic Systematics.

John Wiley & Sons Inc., N.Y.


455

MASTER OF SCIENCE (MANAGEMENT OF PLANT GENETIC RESOURCES)

Introduction This programme is carried out as an international level programme with cooperation from the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), with the aim of providing

theoretical expertise and pertinent practicals required for the sustainable management of

plant genetic resources. Educational expertise of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia will be complemented by the vast experience of leading national research institutions such as

Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB),

Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), Malaysian Institute

for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT), and Malaysian Rubber Board (MRB), and their experienced staff will provide the relevant inputs in conducting this course. The strong

collaborative element between the universities and the national research institutions will

bring in flexibility and practicality in the approach to training, and consequently will ensure the success and also increase the relevance of the training.

Entry Requirements Prospective candidates should possess a good first degree in Biological Sciences (or the

equivalent in biology, genetics, plant breeding, horticulture, plant breeding, agronomy or

agriculture). Candidates well qualified in any other related field may also be considered, provided they have had experiences considered relevant to this field of study.

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO) PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the plant genetic resource management

knowledge holistically.




PROGRAMME LEARNING OUTCOME (PO) PO1: Master the basic knowledge in plant genetic resources, their conservation, use and

management, and related disciplines.

PO2: Able to apply theoretical expertise and strategies for plant genetic resources for their conservation to utilization.

PO3: Able to identify problems in management of plant genetic resources and solve the

problems effectively. PO4: Able to undertake a plant genetic resources related works effectively as an

individual and in teams.


456

PO5: Able to communicate effectively verbally and in writing with the scientific

community and the public in addressing local and global issues related with plant

genetic resources. PO6: Are competent in using current literature and appropriate research methodologies,

and contribute new information to management of plant genetic resources.

PO7: Able to understand in-depth different plant genetic resources, diversity,

importance, impacts and their use. PO8: Understand problems and use best practices in the management of plant genetic

resources.

PO9: Acquire knowledge and skills in entrepreneurship and management to develop and commercialize research findings.


12 months (2 semesters). Candidates are required to complete a total of 40 unit hours, comprising 23 credit hours of core courses and 17 credit hours of elective courses.

Candidates are encouraged to expand their individual interests through research projects



SEMESTER CORE COURSES

ELECTIVE COURSES TOTAL

I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology STAP6073 Environmental

Management

System

STAP6043 Plant Diversity

and Systematics


I

STAB6903 Diversity of

Plant Genetic

Resources

STAB6924 Advanced Plant

Biotechnology

21

II

STAP6033 Biogeography STAP6986 Research Project

II


STAB6143 Economic

Botany

and Ethnobotany

STAB6914 Plant Breeding

19

23 17 40


457

Courses Offered

STPD6014 Research Methodology STAP6043 Plant Diversity and Systematic



STAP6986 Research Project II STAB6013 Conservation Biology

STAB6143 Economic Botany and Ethnobotany

STAB6903 Diversity of Plant Genetic Resources STAB6914 Plant Breeding

STAB6924 Advanced Plant Biotechnology STAB6033 Biogeography

Course Contents

STAB6013 Conservation Biology The Earth is now in a critical period for the survival of its natural ecosystems and their plant and animal members. Conservation biology is a multidisciplinary science that has

been developed to deal with this crisis. Conservation biology is not just about maintaining

viable populations of all species. Conservation is also about moral philosophy, social

justice, economics and politics. The course will be divided into a number of sections to reflect this multidisciplinary approach, namely the origins of conservation biology;

biological diversity and its importance; threats to biological diversity; protection,

restoration and management of populations, species, habitats and ecosystems; and economics and sustainable development.


Springer.

Groom, M.J. Meffe, G.K. & Carroll, C.R. 2005. Principles of Conservation Biology. 3rd.

Ed. USA: Sinaues Associates. Meijaard, E., Sheil, D., Nasi, R., Augeri, D., Rosembaum, B., Iskandar, D., Setyawati, T.,

Lammertink, M., Rachmatika, I., Wong, A., Soehartono, T., Stanley, S. & O'Brien, T.

2005. Life After Logging: Reconciling Wildlife Conservation and Production Forestry in Indonesian Borneo. Jakarta: CIFOR & UNESCO.

Primack, R.B. 2006. Essentials of Conservation Biology. 4th. Ed. New York: Sinauer.

Sodhi, N.S. & Brook, B.W. 2005. Southeast Asian Biodiversity in Crisis. Cambridge: University Press.

STAB6143 Economic Botany and Ethnobotany The course will focus and discuss the plant botanical aspects that have economic and

ethnobotanical importance to man including their role in culture and civilization of man. It

also covers some plant commodity groups such as food crops (rice and other carbohydrate sources), medicinal plants and plants in rural and urban landscape. A brief history on the


458

use of plants among the people of Southeast Asia will be outlined from the aspects of

biology, environment, socio-economy, culture and their roles in modern utilization such as

plantation crops and agro-biotechnology.

References Ford, R. 1980. The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany. New York : University of Michigan.

Martin, J. G. 1994. Ethnobotany. London: Chapman & Hall. Mat-Salleh, K. & A. Latiff. 2002. Tumbuhan Ubatan Malaysia. Bangi : Pusat Pengurusan

Penyelidikan. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Purseglove, J. W. 1972. Tropical Crops: Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons. Harlow : Longmans.

Zakri, A. H. 1989. Genetic Resources of Under-Utilised Plants in Malaysia. Kuala

Lumpur: Malaysian National Committee for Plant Genetic Resources.

STAB6903 Diversity of Plant Genetic Resources The course covers various topics on plant diversity, with emphasis on different plant

species that are used for food and agriculture, and for other uses such as animal feed, fibers, industrial biomaterials and medicine. Diversity between and within plant species for

major, minor and underutilized crops will be discussed. Important aspects include general

principles of diversity and evolution, origins of agriculture and domestication, centre of origin and diversity, history of distribution, gene pools, breeding systems, cytogenetically

variation, introgression, genetic vulnerability and erosion, interdependence between

countries, value of plant diversity, land races and their wild and weedy progenitors, and their use in breeding modern varieties. Examples include plantation crops, cereals, oil

crops, fruit trees, root and tuber crops, grain legumes, vegetables, beverages, spices,

medicinal and aromatic plants. The course also covers the history of plant germplasm

collecting, legal issues in plant germplasm collecting and conservation. Includes field visits.

References FAO. 1996. The State of the World's Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.

Background documentation for the International Technical Conference on Plant

Genetic Resources, Leipzig, Germany. Available online as a pdf file.

Guarino, L, Ramanatha Rao, V. & Reid, R. (Eds). 1995. Collecting Plant Genetic Diversity. U.K: CAB International,

Hoelzel, A. R. (Ed). 1998. Molecular Genetic Analysis of Populations. A Practical

Approach. 2nd.

Ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Holden, J. H. W., Peacock, J. & Williams, J. T. 1993. Gene, Crops and the Environments. Cambridge: University Press.

Smart, J. & Simmonds, N. W. 1994. Evolution of Crop Plants. 2nd.

Ed. London: Longman.

STAB6914 Plant Breeding The course covers both crop improvement and tree breeding. Topics on crop improvement

include genetic principles in breeding and improvement of crop plants, plant genetic resources, breeding systems, host-pathogen interactions, genetics of resistance and


459

pathogenicity, monogenic and polygenic inheritance, heritabilities, heterosis, ideotypes,

hybridization and selection, mass selection, pedigree selection, backcrossing, inbreeding,

hybrid varieties, resistance against pests and diseases, genotype x environment interactions, and applied cytogenetics, physiological breeding, gene manipulation and

genetic engineering in relation to their use in plant breeding. Topics on tree breeding

include genetic principles in breeding and improvement of forest species in relation to

production forestry, tree improvement strategies, selection methods, seed production area, seed orchards, genetic testing programmes, reproductive biology and advances in

propagation technology, hybrids in tree improvement, wood and tree improvement,

advanced generation selection, gains and economics of tree improvement, and applications of biotechnology in tree improvement. The course also covers population and

quantitative genetics which are closely related to plant breeding. Includes field visits.

References Chahal, G. S. & Gosal, S. S. 2002. Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding:

Biotechnological and Conventional Approaches. CRC Press & Narosa Publishing

House. Falconer, D. S. & MacKay, T. F. C. 1997. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. London:

Longman Group Ltd.

Poehlman, J. M. & Sleper, D. A. 1996. Breeding Field Crops. 4th.

Ed. Ames: Iowa State University Press.

Simmonds, N. M. 1979. Principles of Crop Improvement. London: Longman.

Wood, D. R. (ed.) 1983. Madison: Crop Breeding. ASA?CSSA. Zobel, B. & Talbert, J. 1984. Applied Forest Tree Improvement. New York: John Wiley

and Sons.

STAB6924 Advanced Plant Biotechnology The course gives an introduction and overview of important biotechnologies and explores

the ways in which new biotechnologies can contribute and be applied to crop improvement

or tree breeding programmes. The biotechnologies include genomics and bioinformatics, mapping plant genomes with molecular markers, transformation systems, analysis of

transgenic plants and application of plant genetic manipulation. Practical classes given are

primarily associated with the current genomic tools and genetic manipulation techniques

used in crop and tree improvement. Includes visits to biotechnology laboratories.

References Baxevanis A.D. & Ouellette, B.F.F.2001. Bioinformatics: A Practical Guide to the

Analysis of Genes and Proteins. New York, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Lewin, B. 2000. Genes VII. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.

Liu, B. 2000. Statistical Genomics: Linkage, Mapping and QTL Analysis. N.W.: Corporate Blvd.


460

MASTER OF SCIENCE (PLANT SYSTEMATICS)

Introduction Systematic botany is an important component in life sciences, dealing primarily on a

science of arranging plants into natural groupings and the naming of these groups.

Systematic principles aim to produce classification systems which best express the various degrees of overall similarity between the living organisms. Such systems are used in

biology for the storage, retrieval and communication of information and for the making of

reliable predictions and generalizations. They are based on as broad as possible study of

the variation of living organisms and aim to establish groups, the members of which possess the largest number of common features and exhibit therefore the greatest overall

similarity. This expertise will provide a basic service to biology, especially on identity,

probable close relatives and characteristics of plants to those who require it, especially to those doing research in other areas of biology. Plant systematic will be able to provide an

accurate name, expressing natural relationships. This will support other life sciences such

as plant biotechnology, pharmaceutical, forestry, agriculture and environmental sciences. This program aims to help enhance the expertise of our biologists with knowledge and

basic expertise to be involved in systematic and taxonomic projects. This will contribute to

the capacity building in this area especially in megadiversity countries of the tropics. It will

also complement other interests such as ecology, system management, agriculture, environmental and development assessment, plant genetic resource management, natural

resource exploration, environmental education. This one year course provides a stimulating

approach to a wide range of modern taxonomic theory and practice, especially on taxonomic foundations, biodiversity assessment methodologies, economic and applied

aspects such as ethnobotany, economic botany, natural resources and conservation,

bioprospecting and Flora writing. It is therefore attractive not only to those intending to

follow plant taxonomy or systematic professionally, but also to those with interests in such areas as ethnobiology, plant ecology, dendrology, management of genetic resources,

biodiversity and conservation biology.

Entry Requirements

Applicants should have a good degree in appropriate sciences:

a) A good degree of BSc Honours in Biology, Life Sciences, Forestry, or related fields that is approved by the UKM Senat, or

b) Other equivalent degree other than Biology, Life Sciences or Forestry, or related

fields, and other qualification or related experience that is approved by the UKM

Senat.

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO) PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the plant systematic knowledge

holistically.



461





PO1: Able to state, define, and give examples of the components of taxonomy: description, identification, nomenclature, and classification.

PO2: Able to describe a plant using the descriptive terminology of plant morphology,

anatomy, embryology, palynology, molecular and reproductive biology. PO3: Able to draw cladograms of the major lineages of plants, indicating their

classification, major evolutionary events, and adaptive significance of those

evolutionary changes. PO4: Able to name, classify, and diagnose the major families of vascular plants.

PO5: Able to collect (including properly recording field data), identify, and process a

plant for herbarium specimens.

PO6: Able to state the principles and rules of plant nomenclature, such as how to publish a new taxon name, and how to use and apply botanical names.

PO7: Able to understand the basics of the theory and methodology of phylogenetic

systematics and how it is applied in research. PO8: Able to design and undertake a project in plant systematic research.

PO9: Able to use the major literature sources in plant systematics, including

bibliographic surveys.

Programme Structure

The Master of Science programme offered is a programme based on coursework requiring

12 months (2 semesters). Candidates are required to complete a total of 40 unit hours, comprising 20 credit hours of core courses and 20 credits of elective courses and 10 credit

hours of research. Candidates are encouraged to expand their individual interests through

research projects which commence in the first semester and are supervised by UKM academic staff together with experts/scientists from relevant institutes. Candidates are

required to submit their Research Project Dissertation at the end of the second semester for

examination.


I

STPD6014 Research

Methology

STAP6043 Plant

Systematics

and Diversity

STAP6974 Research

Project I

STAB6174 Principle and

Methods of

Phylogeny

Reconstruction

STAB6123 Taxonomic Data

and Resource

Management

STAB6153 Plant

Micromorphology

and Anatomy

21


462

II

STAB6143 Economic

Botany

and

Ethnobotany

STAP6986 Research

Project II

STAB6013 Conservation

Biology

STAP6033 Biogeography

STAB6134 Phylogeny,

Diversity and

Taxonomy of

Cryptograms

19

TOTAL 20 20 40

Courses Offered


STAP6033 Biogeography STAP6043 Plant Systematic and Diversity



STAB6013 Conservation Biology STAB6123 Taxonomic Data and Resource Management

STAB6134 Phylogeny, Diversity and Taxonomy of Cryptograms

STAB6143 Economic Botany and Ethnobotany STAB6153 Plant Micromorphology and Anatomy

STAB6174 Principles and Methods of Phylogeny Reconstruction

Course Contents STAB6013 Conservation Biology The Earth is now in a critical period for the survival of its natural ecosystems and their

plant and animal members. Conservation biology is a multidisciplinary science that has been developed to deal with this crisis. Conservation biology is not just about maintaining

viable populations of all species. Conservation is also about moral philosophy, social

justice, economics and politics. The course will be divided into a number of sections to reflect this multidisciplinary approach, namely the origins of conservation biology;

biological diversity and its importance; threats to biological diversity; protection,

restoration and management of populations, species, habitats and ecosystems; and

economics and sustainable development.


Springer.

Groom, M.J. Meffe, G.K. & Carroll, C.R. 2005. Principles of Conservation Biology. 3rd.

Ed. USA: Sinaues Associates.

Meijaard, E., Sheil, D., Nasi, R., Augeri, D., Rosembaum, B., Iskandar, D., Setyawati, T., Lammertink, M., Rachmatika, I., Wong, A., Soehartono, T., Stanley, S. & O'Brien, T.


463

2005. Life After Logging: Reconciling Wildlife Conservation And Production


Primack, R.B. 2006. Essentials of Conservation Biology. 4th. Ed. New York: Sinauer. Sodhi, N.S. & Brook, B.W. 2005. Southeast Asian Biodiversity in Crisis. Cambridge:

University Press.

STAB6123 Taxonomic Data and Resource Management This course introduces students to the latest method in taxonomic data and resource

management. It includes information and documentation system which are important

aspects of biological diversity information management. Students are introduced to concepts and principles of database, information system, collection and editing. Students

will be exposed to various computer software (Microsoft, GIS, etc.) and will be able to

design database management system.

References Brooks, H.P.C., Phillip, G.J. & Michael, L.J. 1982. Information Systems Design. London:

Prentice-Hall. Oxborrow, E. 1989. Databases and Database Systems. New York: Chartwell-Bratt.

Reynolds, J. & Busby, J. 1996. Guide To Information Management in The Context of The

Convention on Biological Diversity. Nairobi: UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre.

Wiederhold, G. 1983. Database Design. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Zakri, A.H., Mat-Salleh, K., Sumida, S. & Ogino, K. 1999. Towards establishment of biodiversity information networking in Southeast Asia. Dlm: The Tokyo International

Forum on Conservation and Sustainable Use of Tropical Bioresources. Tokyo: Japan

Biodiversity Association.

STAB6134 Phylogeny, Diversity and Taxonomy of Cryptograms The courses focuses on discussion on taxonomy, ecology, phytogeography, reproductive

biology, phylogeny, diversity and classification of the lower plants or cryptograms. This will include all three part of cryptogram viz. algae, bryophytes and pteridophytes.

Practicals involve collection method, curation of specimen, sectioning and preparation of

slide and identification of the major groups of cryptogams will be given. Mini project will be given for knowledge enhancement and application of knowledge.

References Bates, J.W. & Farmer, A.M. (eds.). 1992. Bryophytes and Lichens in A Changing

Environment. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Bidin, A.A. 1985. Paku Pakis Di sekeliling Kita. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan

Pustaka. Schuster, R.M. (ed.). 1984. New Manual of Bryology. Nichinan: Hattori Botanical

Laboratory.

Shaw, J.A. & Goffinet, B. 2000. Bryophyte Biology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Sze, P. 1986. The Biology of Algae. Iowa: Wm. C. Brown.


464

STAB6153 Plant Micromorphology and Anatomy This course contents emphasize on the plant biodiversity, leaf micromorphology and anatomy which is includes polen morphology. Leaf anatomical and micromorphological

characters and the application of these characters as supporting characters in plant

systematic will be discussed. Examples of local and foreign species will be given. Polen

morphological characters which are useful in identification of plant species will be discussed, including types, classes and aperture ornamentation. Mini project will be given

for knowledge enhancement and application of knowledge.

References Cutler, D.F., Botha, T. & Stevenson, D.W. 2008. Applied Plant Anatomy, An Applied

Approach. Blackwell Publishing. Oxford, UK. Judd, W., Campbell, C., Kellog, E. A., Stevens, P. F. & Donoghue, M. J. 2002. Plant

Systematics; A Phylogenetic Approach. 2nd. Ed. Sinaeur Associates, Inc. Publisher,

Sunderland, Masschusetts, United State of America.

Metcalfe, C. R. & Chalk, L. 1950. Anatomy of The Dicotyledons. Vol I & II. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Nilsson, S. & J. Praglowski (eds.). 1992. Erdtman's Handbook of Palynology. 2nd.

Ed.

Copenhagen: Munksgaad Simpson, M. G. 2006. Plant Systematics. London: Elsevier Academic Press.

STAB6174 Principles and Methods in Phylogeny Reconstruction This course discusses the use of molecular data in plant/animal systematics. Various types

of molecular data and multiple sequence alignment of molecular data are explained. The

phylogenetic concepts are approached through the application of various phylogeny

reconstruction methods i.e. Neighbour-Joining, Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood. Students will be exposed to computer software such as BIOEDIT and PAUP

for phylogenetic analyses.

References DeSalle, R., Giribet, G. & Wheeler, W. 2002. Molecular Systematics and Evolution:

Theory and Practice. Birkhäuser, Basel.

Higgs, P. & Attwood, T.K. 2005. Bioinformatics and Molecular Evolution. Blackwell Publishing.

Kitching, I.J., Forey, P.L., Humphries, C.J. & Williams, D.M. 1998. Cladistics - The

Theory And Practice Of Parsimony Analysis. 2nd.

Ed. Oxford-New York-Tokyo: Oxford University Press.

Nei, M. & Kumar, S. 2000. Molecular Evolution and Phylogenetics. Oxford University

Press. Yang, Z. 2006. Computational Molecular Evolution. Oxford University Press.


465

MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENGINEERING AND

ENVIRONMENTAL GEOPHYSICS)

Introduction

The development in technology for in situ tests have been very rapid for the last two decades especially in the field of civil engineering and environmental industries. Many

testing methods and material characterization have been introduced which include the

geophysical engineering and environmental techniques. The effectiveness, accuracy and

fast as well as relatively low operational cost have made geophysical techniques become important tools in engineering site investigations and in environmental monitoring works.

There are various geophysical techniques that can be used to obtain many engineering

parameters of material below surface and this field requires skilled and experienced geophysicists to interpret geophysical data collected from the field.

This programme is designed to provide students with specialist training into all

aspects of Applied Geophysics, from the basic physical principles through practical applications to state of the art technical geophysical innovations. The main thrust of the

course is towards Engineering and Environmental Geophysics industries. The broad-based

approach allows graduates to pursue their career options including consulting, research and

teaching as well as to prepare themselves for further studies at higher levels. It is also targeted at working professionals wishing to update their knowledge or acquire new skills

in the field of engineering and environmental geophysics.

Entry Requirements

a) Candidates should possess a Bachelors degree in Science with a good CGPA from

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or from other universities approved by the Senate, or

b) Possess other qualification equivalent to a Bachelor of Science degree but must have at least a few years working experience in fields related to Geophysics which is

approved by the Senate.

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES (PEO)

PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the current engineering and

environmental geophysical knowledge holistically. PEO2: To produce a graduate who has competence in soft skills.

PEO3: To produce a graduate who is the awareness towards environment.


PEO5: To produce a graduate who was able to use Bahasa Melayu in order to give

impetus to the national and global development.


466


PO1: Mastery in engineering and environmental geophysical knowledge which can contribute to other disciplines.

PO2: Having in-depth technical competence in engineering and environmental

geophysics and able to undertake problem identification, formulation and solution.

PO3: Be able to apply and disseminate engineering and environmental geophysical knowledge effectively.

PO4: Competence to conduct research & development in engineering and environmental

geophysical and possess high creativity and innovative skills. PO5: Possess moral, ethical and professional values and environmentally concern.


PO7: Possess entrepreneurship and leadership skills effectively. PO8: Willingness to to explore and adopt long life learning.

PO9: Possess high confidence, self-esteem and open minded.

Programme Structure







467

SEMESTER CORE COURSES ELECTIVE COURSE TOTAL

I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

STAP6073 Environmental

Management

System


STAG6314 Engineering

Geophysics

STAG6324 Environmental

Geophysics

STAG6334 Instrumentation

and Field

Geophysics

23

II

STAP6092 Environment

Ethics


STAG6343 Geophysical Data Processing

STAG6353 Geophysical

Data

Interpretation


and

Contaminant

Process

17

TOTAL 19 21

40

Courses Offered



STAP6092 Environment Ethics


STAP6986 Research Project II STAG6314 Engineering Geophysics

STAG6324 Environmental Geophysics

STAG6334 Instrumentation and Field Geophysics STAG6343 Geophysical Data Processing

STAG6353 Geophysical Data Interpretation

STAG6363 Hydrogeology and contaminant process


468

Course Contents

STAG6314 Engineering Geophysics This course discusses basic principles of geophysical methods that are used in site

investigation to obtain subsurface engineering information. Emphasis will be given to

latest geophysical techniques (surface and subsurface) used in the industry. The relationship between geophysical parameters and engineering geological properties of rock

and soil will be discussed together with some case studies.

References Burger, H.R. 1992. Exploration Geophysics of The Shallow Subsurface, W/Macintosh


Griffiths, D.H. & King, R.F. 1981. Applied Geophysics for Geologists and Engineers. 2nd. Ed. New York: Pergamon Press.

Karous, M., Kelly, W.E. & Mares, S. (pnyt.). 1993. Applied Geophysics in

Hydrogeological and Engineering Practice. London: Elsevier Science. Sharma, P.V. 1997. Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P. & Sheriff, R.E. 1990. Applied Geophysics. 2nd.


STAG6324 Environmental Geophysics This is an introduction course to theory and application of geophysical methods (Geoelectrical resistivity, seismic, magnetic, gravity, induced polarization, self potential,

electromagnetic and ground penetration radar) for environmental evaluation of

development sites. Special emphasis on waste disposal and contaminated sites, detection and mapping of sinkholes and shallow buried objects as well as case studies will be given.

References Burger, H. R. 1992. Exploration Geophysics of the Shallow Subsurface, W/ Macintosh

Computer Software. New Jersey:Prentice Hall.

Karous, M. Kelly, W.E. & Mares, S.(pnyt), 1993. Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological

and Engineering Practice. London: Elsevier Science. Reynolds, J.M. 1997. An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics. New


Sharma, P. V. 1997. Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Telford,W.M.,Geldart, L.P. & Sheriff, R.E. 1990. Applied Geophysics. 2nd.

Ed. Cambridge:


STAG6334 Instrumental and Field Geophysics This course will discuss the working principle of various geophysical instruments and develop skills of students to operate the equipment for quality geophysical field data

collection and a full understanding of the limitations of each instrument in use.


469

References Burger, H. R. 1992. Exploration Geophysics of The Shallow Subsurface.w/ Macintosh


Milson, J. 2003. Field Geophysics. 3rd. Ed. London: John Wiley & Sons.

Robinson, E. S. & Coruh, C. 1988. Basic Exploration Geophysics. London: John Wiley.

Reynolds, J.M. 1997. An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics. London: John Wiley & Sons.

Telford,W.M., Geldart, L.P. & Sheriff, R.E. 1990. Applied Geophysics 2nd. Ed.


STAG6343 Geophysical Data Processing This course covers the basic principles of methods used in analyzing digital signal for geophysical applications. The topics include basic understanding of classification and

representation of signals and systems, linear system, analysis and Fourier system,

continuous and discrete signals, filtering, modulation, sampling theory, phase properties of

digital signal and filtering. Regression: linear, least square and non linear regression and robust estimation will also be discussed.

References Bracewell R. 1978. The Fourier Transform and Its Application. New York: Mc. Graw

Hill.

Claerbout, J.F. 1976. Faundamentals of Geophysical Data Processing With Applications To Petroleum Prospecting. New York: Mc Graw Hill Book Co.

Haykin, S & Vun Veen, B. 1999. Signal and Systems. New York: John Wiley

Kamen, E.W. & Heck, B.S. 2000. Fundamentals of Signals and Systems. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall. Oppenheim, A.V. & Schafer, R.W. 1975. Digital Signal Processing. New Jersey:

Prentice Hall.

Robinson, E.A. & Sven Treitel. 1980. Geophysical Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall Inc.

Robinson, E.A 1978. Digital Signal Processing and Time Series Analysis. Holden-Bay.

STAP6353 Geophysical Data Interpretation This course covers the basic principles of engineering and environmental geophysical data

interpretation. Emphasis will be given to digital surface and subsurface geophysical data used in the industry and the application of computer software for data interpretation,

results presentation (reports, graphic and maps) and communication as well as to build up

the student ability to relate results and local geology.

References Burger, H.R. 1992. Exploration Geophysics of the Shallow Subsurface, W/ Macintosh

Computer Software. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Reynolds, J.M. 1997. An Introduction to Applied and Environmental Geophysics. New



470


University Press.

Telford, W.M., Geldart, L.P. & Sheriff, R.E. 1990. Applied Geophysics. 2nd.


Ward, S.H. 1992. Geotechnical and Enviromental Geophysics. Tulsa: Soc. of Expl.

Geophysics.

STAG6363 Hydrogeology and Contamination Process This course focuses on the basic theory of ground water flow and geological control which

also covers evaluation, application and characterization of water resources. Understanding the inorganic chemistry and organic compounds in ground water, multiphase movement,

transformation, retardation and attenuation of contaminants and other related geological

processes will also be discussed.

References Domenico, P.A. & Schwartz, F. 1997. Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology. New York:

John Wiley & Sons. Fetter, C.W. 1998. Contaminant Hydrogeology. 2nd. Ed. New York: Pearson Education.

Sen, Z. 1995. Applied Hydrogeology for Scientist and Engineers. Istanbul: Technical

University, Turkey. Weight, W.D. & Sonderegger, J.L. 2001. Manual of Applied Field Hydrogeology. London:

McGraw-Hill.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENGINEERING GEOLOGY)

Introduction

The development of a nation involves the construction of infrastructure such as dams,

highways, industrial complexes, ports and airports. Such construction involves the

interaction between earth materials and masses with the constructed structures. Characterization of earth materials and masses plays an important role in influencing the

usage, safety and economic effectiveness of these constructions. In Malaysia‟s efforts to

attain developed nation status by 2020, such construction activities are expected to increase

considerably. At the same time, sites and areas that are less suitable also need to be developed. One important input for conducting safe construction is engineering geological

input.

The Master of Science (Engineering Geology) programme aims to further train engineering geologists to recognize and overcome issues that can arise during construction

and propose solutions that are safe and economical. This programme will enhance the

knowledge of engineering geologists in conducting such investigations and studies at and below the earth‟s surface.


471

Entry Requirements

Candidates interested in participating in this programme should have either

a) a Bachelor of Science (Geology) degree with a good CGPA from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the Senate, or

b) other qualifications equivalent to a Bachelor of Science and working experience in

related fields approved by the Senate.

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVE (PEO) PEO1: To produce graduates with engineering geological knowledge that is strong and

broad based so that they posses the ability to explore and expand this knowledge.

PEO2: To absorb the basic skills required in developing engineering geological and

applied geological knowledge together with related scientific fields. PEO3: To train students for application of engineering geological knowledge in different

use ages.

PEO4: To prepare students for further higher level education such as PhD. PEO5: To prepare students for a career in research at public and private institutions.

PEO6: To enable FST to become a center of excellence in engineering geology.


PO1: Mastery of several aspects of engineering geology and understand its relationship to other science and engineering disciplines

PO2: Have in-depth technical competence in engineering geology and the ability to

identify problems and formulate practical solutions. PO3: Posses the ability to apply and disseminate engineering geological knowledge

effectively.

PO4: Posses the competence to conduct research & development in engineering geology

and possess high creativity and innovative skills. PO5: Possess high moral, ethical and professional values and sensitive to social

responsibility.

PO6: Posses the ability to work skillfully and communicate effectively. PO7: Possess effective entrepreneurship and leadership skills.

PO8: Be prepared to explore and adopt long life learning.

PO9: Possess high confidence, self-esteem and be open minded.

Programme Structure


12 months (2 semesters). Candidates are required to complete a total of 40 unit hours,

comprising 19 credit hours of core courses and 21 credit hours of elective courses.

Candidates are encouraged to expand their individual interests through research projects which commence in the first semester and are supervised by UKM academic staff together




472


I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology


Management

System



Geology

STAG6234 Rock

Engineering


Geophysics

23

II

STAP6092 Environment Ethics


II

STAG6224 Soil

Engineering STAG6243 Geohazard

Investigation


17

TOTAL 19 21

40

Courses Offered






STAG6213 Engineering Geology STAG6234 Rock Engineering

STAG6224 Soil Engineering

STAG6243 Geohazard Investigation

STAG6314 Engineering Geophysics

Course Contents

STAG6083 Hydrogeology Definition and scope of hydrogeology. Relationship with fields of science and engineering.

Groundwater: occurrence and types. Hydrologic cycle. Concept of porosity and

permeability. Water containing layers and their characterization. Darcy's law.

Determination of permeability in the laboratory and field. Hydrogeochemistry. Water as a universal solvent. Types of solutions in water. Chemical classification of water.

Exploration of groundwater and use as a water source.


473

References Domenico, P.A. & Schwartz, F.S. 1997. Physical and Chemical Hydrogeology. New York:

John Wiley & Sons.

Fetter, C.W. 1998. Contaminant Hydrogeology. 2nd. Ed. New York: Pearson Education.

Sen, Z.1995. Applied Hydrogeology for Scientists and Engineers. Turkey: Istanbul

Technical University. Weight, W.D. & Sonderegger, J.L. 2001. Manual of Applied Field Hydrogeology. London:

Mc Graw-Hill.

STAG6213 Engineering Geology This course commences with a discussion of the introduction, definition, background and

development of engineering geology. Classification system for soils and rocks. Engineering geological mapping. Types of engineering geological maps. Map scale and

types of construction. Engineering geological mapping in tropical terrains. Planning of

engineering geological investigations. Drilling and its logging. Sampling. Test pits and its

logging. Soundings and penetration testing. Standard penetration test. Cone penetration test. Interpretation of testing. Reporting of engineering geological investigations.

References Attewell, P.B. & Farmer, I.W. 1976. Principles of Engineering Geology. London:

Chapman & Hall.

Bell, F.G. 1980. Engineering Geology and Geotechnics. London: Newness-Butterworths. Goodman, R.E. 1989. Introduction to Rock Mechanics. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Hudson, J.A. (pnyt). 1993. Comprehensive Rock Engineering. Jil. 1-5. London: Pergamon

Press.

Zaruba, Q. & Mench, V. 1976. Engineering Geology. Amsterdam: Elsevier.

STAG6224 Soil Engineering Flow of ground water, flow nets and their application. Darcy's Law. Consolidation of soils. Shear strength of soils, stress-strain behaviour. Elasticity of soils. Mohr-Coulomb

theory. Earth pressure. Retaining walls. Rankine theory. Bearing capacity of soils,

foundation of buildings. Site investigation and field testing of soils. Physio-chemistry and

mineralogy of soils. Physical and chemical stabilization of soils. Case studies e.g. highways, earth dams, foundations of buildings.

References Abrahamson, L.W., Lee,T.S., Sharma, S. & Boyce, G.M. 2001. Slope Stability and

Stabilization Methods. 2nd.

Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Budhu, M. 1999. Soil Mechanics and Foundations. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Das, B.M. 1997. Advanced Soil Mechanics. New York: Taylor and Francis Ltd.

Lambe, T.W. & Whitman, R.V. 1979. Soil Mechanics. SI Units. New York: John Wiley &

Sons. Terzaghi,K.,Peck,R.B. & Mesri,G. 1996. Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. 3

rd. Ed.

New York: John Wiley & Sons.


474

STAG6234 Rock Engineering Introduction, background and development of rock mechanics and geomechanics. Geology based rock mechanics. Rock mass classification systems: RMR and Q systems.

Inhomogeniety and anisotropy. Role of discontinuities in the mechanical behaviour of

rock materials and rock masses. Discontinuity characterization. Rock mechanics inputs

for subsurface construction (tunnels, caverns), dams and industrial plants. Practical classes will involve the determination of the physical and mechanical properties of rock materials

and rock masses in the laboratory and field, together with problem solving exercises

related to rock stability in construction.

References Brown, E.T. 1981. Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring. ISRM Suggested


Hoek, E. & Brown, E.T. 1980. Underground Excavation Inrock. London: London

Institution of Mining and Metallurgy.

Hudson, J.A. (Ed.). 1993. Comprehensive Rock Engineering. Jil. 1&3. London: Pergamon Press.

Priest, S.D. 1993. Discontinuity Analysis for Rock Engineering. New York: Chapman Hall.

Wittke, W. 1990. Rock Mechanics: Theory and Applications with Case Histories. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

STAG6243 Geohazard Investigation This course discusses natural and geological processes that affect the human environment

in a catastrophic way. Geohazards are normally magnified by human activities.

Classification of geohazards. Concept of hazard and risk. Landslides: definition,

identification and classification. Landslide hazard and risk management. Case studies. Subsidence and sinkholes. Earthquakes: classification, magnitude and intensity. Detection

and measurement. Earthquake hazard and mitigation. Tsunami: background and

characterization. Impact, damage, monitoring, early warning and mitigation. Malaysia's policy and planning response for earthquake and tsunami hazards. Floods. Erosion. Hazard

and risk management.

References Bromhead, E.N. 1994. The Stability of Slopes. London: Blackie Academic &

Professional.

Bruensden, D. & Prior, D.B. 1973. Slope Instability. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons. Crozier, M.J. 1986. Landslides: Causes, Consequences and Environment. London: Croom

Helm.

Hoek, E. & Bray, J. 1977. Rock Slope Engineering. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. London: Elsevier Applied Science.

Richards, L.R. & Antherton, D. 1987. Stability of Slopes in Rocks. In: Bell, F.G. (pnyt).

Ground Engineers Reference Book. London: Butterworth Heinemann.


475

STAG6314 Engineering Geophysics This course discusses basic principles of geophysical methods that are used in site

investigation to obtain subsurface engineering information. Emphasis will be given to latest geophysical techniques (surface and subsurface) used in the industry. Relationship

between geophysical parameters and engineering geological properties of rock and soil

will be discussed together with some case studies.

References Burger, H. R. 1992. Exploration Geophysics of The Shallow Subsurface, W/ Macintosh


Griffiths, D.H. & King, R.F. 1981. Applied Geophysics for Geologists and Engineers. 2nd.

Ed. New York: Pergamon Press. Karous,M. Kelly,W.E. & Mares, S.(pnyt.) 1993. Applied Geophysics in Hydrogeological

and Engineering Practice. London: Elsevier Science.

Sharma, P. V. 1997. Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press.

Telford,W.M. Geldart, L.P. & Sheriff, R.E. 1990. Applied Geophysics. 2nd.

Ed. Cambridge:


MASTER OF SCIENCE (INDUSTRIAL MINERALS)

Introduction

Industrial minerals are non-metallic natural resources, exclusive of fossil fuel and water.

However, some specific rocks are within the scope of industrial mineral study. Raw

industrial minerals can be processed into daily and industrial products. Well-known

traditional industrial minerals, among others, are clay minerals as raw material for ceramic manufacturing, silica sand for glass manufacturing, limestone as the main component of

cement, asbestos in the manufacturing of roof and ceiling, and not to forget talc as

foundation of cosmetic products. In industries, barite is used as drilling mud for petroleum exploration wells, mica as good electrical insulator, and hard minerals such as garnet and

zircon are used as grinding materials. In the last few decades, the use of industrial minerals

has been extended to advanced fields of studies, such as polymer, composite, and

electronic materials. While ordinary rocks are source of aggregate materials, those with attractive colour and pattern are sliced and polished into dimension stones, suitable

building material for floor and wall.

In order to locate a mineral deposit and to estimate its reserve, exploration programs utilizing special techniques have to be carried out. The industrial minerals must

also be studied to suit international standards. The combination of data on exploration,

reserve and characterization will enable judgment whether the deposit is economically exploitable, that is after taking into account the current market price.


476

Entry Requirements

Prospective candidate for this programme must hold a) Bachelor of Science degree with a good Cumulative Point Grade Average (CPGA)

from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia or other universities approved by the University

Senate in geology or related fields, such as chemistry, physics, material science, environmental sciences, civil and mining engineering; or

b) Other qualifications which are equivalent to a Bachelor of Science degree and hold

other qualification or working experience in the relevant field and approved by the University Senate.


PEO1: To produce a graduate with in-depth and up to date knowledge in the field of

industrial minerals.

PEO2: To produce a graduate with ability to recognize potential area of industrial minerals, to plan and to conduct exploration.

PEO3: To produce a graduate with expertise in analytical techniques and able to use them

in evaluating suitability of an industrial mineral. PEO4: To produce a graduate knowledgeable in rules and legal aspects of environments in

relation to exploitation of industrial minerals.

PEO5: To produce a graduate who is interested and able to be an entrepreneur in

industrial minerals. PEO6: To produce a graduate with interest in life-long learning.


PO1: Mastering knowledge in Earth resources in general and industrial minerals in

particular.

PO2: Having in-depth understanding about the geological control of industrial mineral occurrences and able to beneficiate it in exploration.

PO3: Able to plan and conduct an industrial mineral exploration.

PO4: Competence in utilizing appropriate analytical techniques in evaluating the suitability of a mineral deposit according to international standards.

PO5: Having in-depth, up to date knowledge about the uses of industrial minerals in the

down stream sector. PO6: Possess moral, ethical, professional and legal values and legal knowledge in

ensuring environmental sustainability with regards to mineral exploration.

PO7: Able to use Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing as value-

added tools to facilitate industrial mineral exploration. PO8: Possess basic knowledge in entrepreneurship and economics of industrial

minerals.

PO9: Willingness to explore and adopt long life learning.


477

Programme Structure







I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology

STAP6064 Geographic

Information

System and

Remote Sensing


STAG6113 Earth Resources

STAG6134 Geology of Industrial

Minerals

STAG6154 Techniques in

Industrial Mineral

Exploration

23

II


Ethics STAP6986 Research Project

II

STAG6104 Analytical

Techniques and

Assessment of

Industrial Minerals STAG6123 Upstream and

Downstream Aspects

of Industrial Minerals

STAG6143Economics of

Industrial Minerals

18

TOTAL 20 21

41

Courses Offered


STAP6064 Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing

STAP6092 Environmental Ethics STAP6974 Research Project I


STAG6104 Analytical Techniques and Assessment of Industrial Minerals STAG6113 Earth Resources

STAG6123 Upstream and Downstream Aspects of Industrial Minerals

STAG6134 Geology of Industrial Minerals

STAG6143 Economics of Industrial Minerals STAG6154 Techniques in Industrial Mineral Exploration


478

Course Contents STAG6104 Analytical Techniques and Assessment of Industrial Minerals This introductory subject exposes the students to techniques used in determination of

physical properties of materials, such as colour, optical properties, density, porosity, grain

size distribution, surface area, liquid limit and plastic limit, compressive strength and abrasion strength; techniques used to generate chemical data of materials using various

instruments, such as AAS, XRF, CHNS, XRD, SEM, TEM and wet chemical techniques;

and assessment of suitability of materials based on international standards as well as Malaysia standards (SIRIM). This subject involves practical classes.

References Brown, E.T. 1981. Rock Characterization, Testing and Monitoring: ISRM Suggested


Collis, L. & Fox, R.A. 1985. Aggregates: Sand, Gravel, Crushed Rock Aggregates For

Construction Purposes. London: Geol. Soc. London. Gill, R. 1997. Modern Analytical Geochemistry. Essex: Longman.

Moore, D. M. & Reynolds, R.C. 1996. X-ray Diffraction and The Identification and

Analyses of Clay Minerals. London: Oxford University Press. Riddle, C. 1993. Analysis of Geological Materials. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc.

STAG6113 Earth Resources This course aims at giving a comprehensive picture of the earth resources, including those that are not traditionally classified as industrial minerals. Topics discussed are type of

resource, history of its finds, its importance in human civilization, its distribution and

reserve in Malaysia and the world, and its market trend. Among the resources discussed are ground water, metallic and semi-metallic minerals; precious metals such as gold, silver

and platinum; energy resource minerals i.e. coal, natural gas, crude petroleum, radioactive

minerals and geothermal energy, and industrial minerals such as silica, limestone, clay, aggregate materials and dimension stone. At the end of the course students are expected to

outline a scientific and strategic plan on how to benefit a selected resource using an

environmentally balanced approach and present it in a seminar.

References Chiras, D.D. 2001. Environmental Science. Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett Publs.

Dietrich, R.V. & Skinner, B.J. 1990. Gems, Granite and Gravels: Knowing and Using Rocks and Minerals. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Salley, R.C. 1997. Elements of Petroleum Geology. London: Academic Press.

Thomas, L. 2002. Coal Geology. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.

Vanecek, M. 1994. Mineral Deposits of The World: Ores, Industrial Minerals and Rocks (Development in Economic Geology, Vol.28). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

STAG6123 Upstream and Downstream Aspects of Industrial Minerals Through this subject students will be introduced into the actual uses of various industrial

minerals in downstream sectors (production) and their possible future uses, and principles


479

of mineral processing. This subject includes visits to processing and production plants.

Students will also be introduced into the environmental impacts of exploitation of

industrial mineral and ways to overcome or to minimize these impacts, as well as safety and legal aspects.

References Auty, R.M. & Mikesell, R.F. 1999. Sustainable Development in Mineral Economics.

London: Oxford University Press.

Ciullo, P.A. 1996. Industrial Minerals and Their Uses. New York: Noyes Publ.

Kuzvart, M. 1984. Industrial Minerals and Rocks (Development in Economic Geology, Vol. 18). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

Wills, B.A. 1997. Mineral Processing Technologies: An Introduction to The Practical

Aspects of Ore Treatment and Mineral Recovery. 6th Ed. New York: Butterworth-Heinemann.

World Bank. 1992. Development and the Environment. Washington D.C.: World Bank.

STAG6134 Geology of Industrial Minerals The course introduces the students to the geology of various industrial minerals and earth

resources required by various industries. The geological aspects aims at looking into the

geological characteristics, genesis, distribution in space and time of the industrial mineral and metallic deposits. Topics discussed are the geology of industrial minerals deposits,

metallic minerals and energy resources. Case studies are based on local, regional as well as

global examples. The course also includes fieldwork to expose students to activities in geology and industrial mineral exploitation.

References Bates, R.L. 1960. Geology of The Industrial Rocks and Mineral. New York: Harper. Carr, D.D. 1994. Industrial Minerals and Rocks. New York: Soc. For Mining, Metallurgy

and Exploration.

Lefond, S.J. 1975. Industrial Minerals and Rocks. New York: Amer. Inst. of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers.

Manning, D.A.C. 1995. Introduction to Industrial Minerals. London: Chapman & Hall.

Vanecek, M. 1994. Mineral Deposits of The World: Ores, Industrial Minerals and Rocks

(Development in Economic Geology, Vol.28). Amsterdam: Elsevier.

STAG6154 Techniques in Industrial Mineral Exploration This subject introduces techniques in mineral exploration, including specific mapping

technique; shallow geophysical techniques, comprising reflection and refraction seismic

techniques, resistivity, magnetic and conductivity; geochemical exploration techniques;

and drilling techniques. Students will also be exposed to statistical aspects of sampling and resources, as well as reserve. The subject requires laboratory work and fieldwork.

References Annels, A.E. 1992. Mineral Deposit Evaluation. London: Chapman and Hall.


480

Keary, P. & Brooks, M . 1984. Introduction to the geophysical exploration. London:

Blackwell Scientific.

Milsom, J. 1996. Field Geophysic. 2nd.

Ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons - Open Univesity Press.

Ramani, R.V., Muzumdar, B.K. & Samaddar, A.B. 1994. Computers in Mineral Industry.

London: Ashgate Publishing Company.

Reedman, A.J. 1979. Techniques in Mineral Exploration. New York: Applied Scence.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING)

Introduction Preservation of the environmental quality is one of the aspects of development that is

considered important in Malaysia based on the Langkawi Declaration 1989 and the United

Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, 1992. The Environmental Quality Act 1974 further emphasises on the sustainable

development to be adopted in any development program in the country.

The Master of Science in Environmental Assessment and Monitoring programme

is conducted by coursework within a two semester period. The main objective of the programme is to produce competent and skilled manpower in the field of environmental

assessment and monitoring due to rapid development in the country, such as the oil and gas

sector and also the infrastructural and other related development in the country. The number of credits required for the master‟s degree is 40. The apportionment of

these credits is as follows: 13 credit hours in major field (courses offered by the Faculty

and School); 17 credits in minor field. 10 credit hours in the major field are to be

dissertation research credits. The 40 credit hours must be completed within two semesters.

Entry Requirements

Candidates applying for this programme must possess:

a) Bachelors degree in science with a good CGPA from UKM or other universities approved by the Senate; or

b) Qualification that is equivalent to a bachelor degree or has experience and worked in

related fields that are approved by the Senate.


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered environmental assessment and monitoring knowledge holistically

PEO2: To produce a graduate who has competence in soft skills

PEO3: To produce a graduate who has the awareness towards environment


481


give impetus to the national and global development

PEO5: To develop effective communication skills of national and international standings. PROGRAMME OUTCOME (PO)

PO1: Mastery of basic knowledge in of environmental assessment and monitoring.

PO2: Technical competence of environmental assessment and monitoring with the ability to use scientific methods to design, conduct experiments, analyze and

interpret data.

PO3: Ability to identify and solve problems critically, creatively and innovatively in of environmental assessment and monitoring.

PO4: Ability to work effectively as an individual and as a team.

PO5: Ability to communicate verbally and in writing with the scientific community and the public.

PO6: Ability to obtain, manage and use the latest information systematically and

effectively.

PO7: High motivation for life-long learning. PO8: Ability to understand issues and the need for scientific ethics in society pertaining

to culture and the environment.

PO9: Basic knowledge in entrepreneurship and management with the aim to develop and commercialize research findings for a sustainable community and environment.


12 months (2 semesters). Candidates are required to complete a total of 40 credit hours,

comprising 23 credit hours of core courses and 17 credit hours of elective course. Candidates are encouraged to expand their individual interests through research projects

which commence in the first semester and are supervised by UKM academic staff together




I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology


Management

System


Information System and

Remote Sensing


STAE6303 Procedures and

Techniques in

EIA STAB6084 Natural

Resource and

Environmental Economics

22


482

II


Ethics


II

STAE6323 Assessment

and

Monitoring of

Air and Water

Quality STAB6054 Conservation

Ethics and

Legislation

STAE6013 Management of

Lake

Ecosystems

and Wetlands

18

TOTAL 23 17

40

Courses Offered


STAP6064 Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing STAP6073 Environmental Management System



STAB6054 Conservation Ethics and Legislation

STAB6084 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics

STAE6013 Management of Lake Ecosystems and Wetland STAE6303 Procedures and Techniques in EIA

STAE6323 Assessment and Monitoring of Air and Water Quality

Course Contents STAB6054 Conservation Ethics and Legislation Ethics and law are essential to conservation. The former sets the objective, and the latter

the legal basis. This course will briefly introduce by way of background, the basic issues

relating to conservation ethics and law. General ethical concerns, the evolution of laws relating to biological resources, habitat and ecosystems, at both global and national levels

will be sketched. Various principles and concepts relating to biological conservation will

also be discussed, to identify the inherent values (ethics). Institutional roles and functions

will be outlined to describe the accountability and responsibility attached in implementing


483

laws for conservation. The relationship between science, ethics and law will also be

analysed in brief.

References Alder, J. & Wilkinson, D. 1999. Environmental Law and Ethics. Macmillan. Press

Ltd.



Manchester Press

Van Heijnsbergen, P. 1997. International Legal Protection of Wild Fauna and Flora. IOS Press.

STAB6084 Natural Resource and Environmental Economics The course discusses the economic principles of natural and environmental resource conservation. Issues in sustainable economy of renewable and non-renewable resources,

economic valuation of natural resource goods and environmental functions and their

incorporation into a cost benefit analysis of development projects versus conservation will be given special attention. A discussion on the use of economic and market-based

instruments to encourage natural and environmental resource conservation will be

provided.

References Abdul Hamid H. M. I. & Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 2005. Penilaian Sumber dan Harta

Tanah Hutan. J. Bahru: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. McNally, Richard & Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 2003. Environmental Economics: A Practical

Guide. WWFUK

Mohd Shahwahid H.O. & Jamal O. 1999. Economic Costs to Malaysia. Dlm. Glover, D. & Jessup, T. (ed.) hlm. 22-50. Bab 3 of Institute of South East Asian Studies (ISEAS)

and Economy & Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA) book on


Mohd Shahwahid H.O. 1999 (editor). Manual on Economic Valuation of Environmental Goods and Services of Peat Swamp Forests. Malaysian-DANCED Project on

Sustainable Managementof Peat Swamp Forests, Peninsular Malaysia



STAE6013 Management of Lake Ecosystems and Wetlands This course will commence with the introduction of lakes and wetland ecosytem. Its uses

and ecosystem function based on case studies of Tasik Chini and Putrajaya lake, which

have been intensively studied and researched. The management of both lakes as natural and manmade in terms of lake ecosystems and as a wetland will be widely discussed. The


484

significance of research such as limnology, bathymetry and ecohydrology that could give a

better understanding in both lakes and wetland. It is important to stress the issues of

governance as most Acts on lakes and wetland are under the jurisdiction of state acts. Case studies in Malaysia and other countries are taken into account. The watershed poses an

important scenario to climate change; therefore the microclimate influence plays an

important role. Watersheds are confine to areas surrounding ridges, which needs to be

mapped using GIS and remote sensing to look at large areas as a whole. Both flora and fauna are related to forest and its climate.

References Cunningham, W.P., Cunningham, M.A. & Saigo, B.W. 2003. Environmental Science: A

Global Concern. 7th. Ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Reeve, R.N. & Barnes, J.D. 1994. Environmental Analysis. Chichester, New York: John Wiley & Sons.

UNEP-IETC. 1999. Planning and Management of Lakes and Reservoirs. An Integrated

Approach To Eutrophication. IETC Pechnical Publication Series. Issue 11

IUCN. 2000. Vision For Water and Nature. A World Strategy For Conservation and Sustainable Management of Water Resources in The 21st Century. World Conservation

Union.

Gippsland Lakes Ramsar Site: Strategic Management Plan. 2003. Dept. of Sustainability and Environment, East Melbourne.

STAE6303 Procedures and Techniques in EIA The focus of this course is on the procedure and technique of EIA based on the existing

environmental law. These include screening, elaboration on prescribed activity, scoping,

preliminary and detailed EIA, evaluation of impact, mitigation and data reporting.

Procedures on environmental auditing and monitoring will also be discussed. Social impact analysis shall also be looked at in order to achieve a comprehensive study on the

environment in relation to sustainable development.

References Barrow, C.J. 1997. Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, An Introduction.

London: Arnold.

Burdge, R. J. 1998. A Conceptual Approach To Social Impact Assessment. Revised edition. Middleton: Social Ecology Press.

Glasson, J., R. Therivel & A. Chadwick (pnyt.). 1999. Introduction to Environmental

Impact Assessment. London: UCL Press. Razali Agus & Yahya Ibrahim (pnyt.). 2003. Penilaian Dampak Sosial. Kuala Lumpur:

Utusan Publication & Distribution.

Taylor, C. N., C. H. Bryan & C. C. Goodrich. 1995. Social Assessment: Theory, Process And Technique. Christchurch: Taylor Baines.

STAE6323 Assessment and Monitoring of Air and Water Quality This course will commence with discussions on types of noise, air and water pollution, their principle sources, indexes used to assess their qualities as well as the pertinent law


485

and regulations. Various monitoring techniques including use of bioassays, biomarkers and

biosensors will be discussed. Field and laboratory measurements of water, air and noise

parameters, calculation of the various indexes and computer modeling for noise, air and water quality will be undertaken. Students are also required to write an essay of not more

than 5000 words on a related project paper of their choice; either in group or individually.

References Brimblecombe, P. 1996. Air Composition and Chemistry. 2

nd. Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press. Finlayson-Pitts, B. J. & Pitts, J. N. 2000. Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere,

Theory, Experiments and Application. San Diego: Academic Press.

Harrop, D.O., 2002. Air Quality Assessment and Management: A Practical Guide. London and New York: Spon Press.

Spengler, J.D., McCarthy, J.F. & Samet, J.M. 2000. Indoor Air Quality: A Health

Perspective (The Johns Hopkins Series in Environmental Toxicology) (Paperback).

United States of America: The John Hopkins University press. Sawyer, C.N., McCarty, P.L. & Parkin, G.F. 2003. Chemistry for Environmental

Engineering and Science. 5th.

Ed. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

MASTER OF SCIENCE (MARINE SCIENCES)

Introduction

As a superior Public Institution of Higher Learning (IPTA) in Malaysia, UKM has moved

to the front in encouraging schools to offer post graduate studies in science. UKM offers a

marine science programme for under graduate students. The Marine science programme

was established in 1985 courses offered include all aspects of marine physics, chemistry and biology at the UKM branch campus at Kota Kinabalu Sabah. This programme was

moved back to the main campus in Bangi at the end of 1995. It is currently operating

under the School of Environment and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology.

Since its establishment, the Marine Science Programme of UKM has experienced

developments in various aspects that include expanding of the academic staff expertise and good teaching, numbers of knowledgeable students and high level of researchs. Nowaday,

academic staffs from Marine Science Programme of UKM has reputed at national and

international standings in various field such as researchs on marine organism diversity,

fisheries science and fish ecology, research on toxic algae problems, marine microbiology and biotechnology and climate changes researchs in particular related with El Nino and La

Nina phenomena. Recognition has been proven based on the various roles playing by the

academic staffs as leader or coordinator in various global programmes organized by CoML, JSPS, IAEA and IOC-WESTPAC. Several academic staffs from this programme

have regularly receiving invitation or deliver talks on various issues at national and

international standings. With these achievements, development in knowledge and research,


486

Marine Science Program of UKM are now offered the post-graduates programme studies

in marine science.

Entry Requirements

Candidates who applying to this programme must possess:

a) Bachelor degree in sciences, with a good CGPA from Universiti KebangsaanMalaysia

or other universities approved by the Senate, or

b) Other qualification that is equivalent to a bachelor degree or has working experience in related field that is approved by the Senate.


PEO1: To produce a graduate who has mastered the marine science knowledge holistically

PEO2: To produce a graduate who has competence in soft skills

PEO3: To produce a graduate who has the awareness towards environment

PEO4: To produce a graduate who is able to contribute to other disciplines in order to give impetus to the national and global development



PO1: Mastery of basic knowledge in marine science. PO2: Technical competence in marine science with the ability to employ scientific

methods to design, conduct experiments, analyse stastistically, interpret data and

contribute new information in the field of marine science.

PO3: Ability to identify problems in marine science and to solve the problems critically, creatively and innovatively.

PO4: Ability to work independently as an individual and inter-dependently as in a team.

PO5: Ability to communicate effectively in verbal and in writing to the scientific and public communities.

PO6: Ability to obtain, manage and utilize the latest information systematically and

effectively.

PO7: High motivation for life-long learning. PO8: Ability to address issues on and understand the need of cultural and environmental

ethics in society.

PO9: Basic knowledge in entrepreneurship and management to develop and commercialize research findings for a sustainable community and environment.


12 months (2 semesters). Candidates are required to complete a total of 40 credit hours,

comprising 18 credit hours of core courses and 22 credit hour of elective course.


487


which commence in the first semester and are supervised by UKM academic staff together

with experts/scientists from relevant institutes. Candidates are required to submit their Research Project Dissertation at the end of the second semester for examination.


I

STPD6014 Research

Methodology


Information

Systems and Remote Sensing


STAL6013 Advance Marine

Ecology

STAL6033 Marine Microbiology

and Biotechnology


21

II STAP6986 Research Project

II

STAL6023 Mariculture

STAL6043 Management and

Conservation of

Marine Resources

STAL6103 Advance Marine

Chemistry

STAL6034 Data Analysis

Methods in Marine

Sciences

19

TOTAL 18 22 40

Cources Offered

STPD6014 Research Methods STAP6064 Geographical Information Systems and Remote Sensing


STAP6986 Research Project II STAL6013 Advance Marine Ecology

STAL6023 Mariculture

STAL6033 Marine Microbiology and Biotechnology

STAL6034 Data Analysis Methods in Marine Sciences STAL6043 Management and Conservation of Marine Resources

STAL6103 Advance Marine Chemistry


Course Contents

STAL6013 Advance Marine Ecology In this course, marine ecology will be discussed in detail with emphasis on tropical and sub-tropical oceans. Main aspects discussed include the primary and secondary

productivities. This is followed by discussion regarding the consumer population

dynamics, consumer competition, and the relationship between consumer and producer.

Furthermore, marine community dynamics and structure will be discussed which include


488

trophic structure, taxonomy structure, space dynamics and community development.

Biogeochemistry process and cycle that function in the marine environment will be

discussed. Short term and long term changing processes occurring in the marine environment and the effects of these changes will be emphasized at the end of the course.

References Barnabé, G. & Barnabé-Quet, R. 2000. Ecology and Management of Coastal Waters: The

Aquatic Environment. London: Praxis Publishings.

Levinton, J.S. 2001. Marine Biology: Function, Biodiversity, Ecology. Oxford: Oxford

University Press. Tait, R.V. & Dipper, F. 1998. Elements of Marine Ecology. London: Butterworth-

Heinemann.

Valiela, I. 1995. Marine Ecological Processes. 2nd. Ed. New York: Springer-Verlag. Wolanski, E. 2000. Oceanographic Processes of Coral Reefs. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

STAL6023 Mariculture This course will discuss in detail the recent development of marine organism culture such as selected fish species, bivalves, cephalopods, crustacean and other potential marine

species. Topics discussed begin with several relevant technical aspects in site selection,

pond or floating cage preparation in marine ecosystem, handling and control of cultured stock species, aquaculture nutrition and feed formulation, transportation of life cultured

organism and economical mariculture management aspect. The course will also include

several case studies in relation to field visits in selected mariculture sites in Peninsula Malaysia.

References Coimbra, J. (Ed.). 2000. Modern Aquaculture in Coastal Zone: Lesson and Opportunities.

Amsterdam: IOS Press.

De Silva, S. S. 1998. Tropical Mariculture. New York: Academic Press.

McVey, J.P. 1992. Handbook of Mariculture Vol 2: finfish aquaculture. Baco Raton: CRC Press.

Parker, R. 2000. Aquaculture Science. 2nd. Ed. New York: Delmar Publisher.

Stickney, R.R. & McVey, J.P. (Eds.). 2002. Responsible Marine Aquaculture. New York:

CABI Publisher.

STAL6033 Marine Microbiology and Biotechnology This course will discuss in more detail on microorganism activity in the ocean. Studies in molecule marine microbiology involve processes including the bioremediation in

hydrocarbon degradation, interaction between microbe and metals, and adaptation of

microbe on extreme pressure and temperature will be emphasized. Moreover, metabolite bioactive aspects involved in the marine microorganism symbiotic interaction will also be

discussed. Studies are corresponding with the biotechnology approach particularly in

systematic characteristic of marine microorganism and bioremediation. Practical methods

will be emphasized on the DNA extraction, PCR process, gene sequencing, data analysis and management.


489

References Barlett, D.H. 1999. Molecular Marine Microbiology. JMMB Symposium Series Jil. 1.

England: Horizon Scientific Press. Beveridge, T.J. & Doyle, R.J. (Ed.). 1989. Metal Ions and Bacteria. New York: John

Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Dunny, G.M. & Winans, S.C. (Ed.). 1999. Cell-cell Signaling in Bacteria. Washington

D.C: American Society Microbiology Press. Griffin, A.M. & Griffin, H.G. (ed.). 1995. Molecular Biology: Curing Innovative and

Future Trend. England: Horizon Scientific Press.

Le Gal, Y. & Halvorson, H.O. (Ed.). 1998. New Developments in Marine Biotechnology. New York: Plenum Press.

STAL6034 Data Analysis Methods in Marine Sciences Oceanographic and climatological/meteorological studies often involved in manipulation

and utilization of complex spatial-temporally distributed datasets. These datasets are

archived in various formats in order to facilitate transmission of abundant data over the internet. This course introduces processing of these data formats. Several software

packages that are oftenly used will be introduced. Besides, modern analysis techniques for

spatial and temporally distributed data will also be discussed. These techniques include spatial analysis, modern time series analysis as well as the concurrent spatial-temporal

analysis.

References Emery, W.J. & Thompson, R.E. 2004. Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography.

Armsterdam: Elsevier. Mitchell, A. 2005. GIS Analysis. Spatial Measurements & Statistics. California:ESRI

Press.

Wilks, D.S. 2006. Statistical Methods in the Atmospheric Sciences. 2nd. Ed. London:

Elsevier, Academic Press. Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell, L.S. 2007. Using Multivariate Statistic. 5th. Ed. London: Allyn

and Bacon.

Trauth, M.H., Gebbers, R., Sillmann, E. & Marwan N. 2006. Matlab Recipes for Earth Sciences. Verlag: Birkhäuser.

STAL6043 Management and Conservation of Marine Resources This course will discuss mainly human exploitation activities on coastal and offshore fisheries resources. Global history and fishery resource exploitation flow of the selected

fishes species, status and levels of world fisheries resource management, and fishery

modeling tools used in marine fishery stock assessment will also be discussed. Detailed

discussion will focus on current development on several aspects of marine resource management that include policy and legal aspects of management and conservation of

marine resources.


490

References De Silva, S. S. 1998. Tropical Mariculture. New York: Academic Press.

Gulland, J.A. (Ed.). 1988. Fish Population Dynamics: The Implications for Management. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Ross, M.R. 1996. Fisheries Conservation and Management. New York: Prentice Hall.

Scovazzi, T. 1999. Marine Specially Protected Area: The General Aspects and The

Mediterranean Regional System. New York: Kluwer Law International. Torell, M. & Salamanca, A.M. (Eds.) 2002. Institutional issues and perspectives in the

management of fisheries and coastal resources in Southeast Asia. ICLARM Technical

Report 60.

STAL6103 Advance Marine Chemistry This course covers advance aspects of marine chemistry which is focused on the important aspects of ocean systems. The controlled process composition of seawater and chemical

species in ocean will be discussed. The discussion will focus on the marine chemical

characteristics that occurred which is related to the seafloor, atmosphere and marine

organisms. Discussion on latest research related to marine chemistry field will also be conducted.

References Alison, B.D. & Alyn, C.D. 1999. Fundamentals of Oceanography. New York: McGraw-

Hill.

Chester, R. 1989. Marine Geochemistry. London: Unwin Hyman. Frank, J.M. & Mary, L.S. 1991. Chemical Oceanography. Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Ivanovich, M. & Harmon, R.S. 1982. Uranium Series Disequilibrium: Application to

Environmental Problem. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Summerhayes, C.P. & Thorpe, S.A. 1996. Oceanography. New York: Manson Publ.

STAL6213 Coastal and Estuarine Oceanography This course provides in-depth understanding of physical oceanographic processes at coastal, shelf sea and estuary. The first part of this course covers the physical aspects of

estuary. These include estuary classification, circulation, stratification, mixing processes as

well as wave and tidal influences. The sediment and pollutant transport in estuary will also

be discussed. The second part of this course covers oceanographic processes at coastal and shelf sea. These include mixing processes, wave and tidal influences, circulation and

currents, stratification and fronts. Exchanges between shelf sea and open ocean will also be

discussed.

References Brown J., Colling, A., Park, D., Phillips, J., Rothery, D. & Wright, J. (Open University

Course Team). 1997. Waves, Tides and Shallow-Water Processes. Chichester:

Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd.

Massel, S.R. 1989. Hydrodynamics of Coastal Zones. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific

Publ. Co.


491

Pickard, G.L. & Emery, W.J. 1982. Descriptive Physical Oceanography. New York:

Pergamon Press.

Prandle, D. 1995. Dynamics and Exchanges in Estuaries and Coastal Zone. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Soulsby, R.L. 1997. Dynamics of Marine Sands: A Manual for Practical Applications.

London: Thomas Telford Publications.

492

PERATURAN - PERATURAN

UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA

(PENGAJIAN SISWAZAH) 2011

Program Sarjana dan Kedoktoran

493

SENARAI PINDAAN

1. Akta Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian Siswazah) Dan Peraturan-Peraturan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian Siswazah) 1984.

Dibuat oleh Senat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia pada 1984

2. Akta Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian Siswazah) Dan Peraturan-Peraturan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian Siswazah) 1984 (Pindaan 2005)

Dibuat oleh Senat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia pada 19 Januari 2005

3. Peraturan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian Siswazah) 2011 Dibuat oleh Senat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia pada 28 Ogos 2011

494

PERATURAN – PERATURAN UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA

(PENGAJIAN SISWAZAH) 2011

SUSUNAN PERATURAN BAHAGIAN I

PERMULAAN

1. Nama 2. Tafsiran

BAHAGIAN II

SYARAT KEMASUKAN

3. Syarat penerimaan masuk program Ijazah Sarjana 4. Syarat penerimaan masuk program Ijazah Kedoktoran 5. Syarat keperluan Bahasa Inggeris

BAHAGIAN III

PENGAJIAN

6. Mod pengajian 7. Tempoh pengajian 8. Bentuk pendaftaran 9. Syarat pemastautinan 10. Syarat keperluan Bahasa Melayu 11. Syarat keperluan Bahasa Arab

BAHAGIAN IV

PERMOHONAN DAN PENDAFTARAN

12. Permohonan 13. Pendaftaran pelajar baharu 14. Bayaran 15. Penangguhan pendaftaran masuk 16. Pendaftaran pelajar sedia ada 17. Penangguhan pengajian 18. Pendaftaran bagi calon yang tidak mendaftar untuk tempoh yang lama 19. Pendaftaran bagi calon yang telah menyerahkan tesis

495

BAHAGIAN V

KERJA KURSUS, PENYELIDIKAN DAN PENYELIAAN

20. Pendaftaran kursus 21. Beban kerja kursus 22. Keperluan program atau kursus 23. Penyelidikan 24. Tambah, gugur kursus dan tarik diri 25. Pemindahan kredit 26. Pengecualian kredit 27. Tesis/disertasi 28. Serahan tesis/disertasi 29. Bentuk tesis 30. Penyeliaan dan bimbingan 31. Penyeliaan calon mod penyelidikan

BAHAGIAN VI

PEPERIKSAAN DAN PENILAIAN

32. Peperiksaan dan penilaian bagi program Ijazah Sarjana 33. Penilaian bagi program Ijazah Kedoktoran 34. Keputusan peperiksaan lisan 35. Pemeriksa Luar 36. Pemeriksa Dalam 37. Jawatankuasa Pemeriksa Siswazah 38. Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan Tesis/Disertasi 39. Penilaian kerja kursus 40. Penilaian kemajuan penyelidikan 41. Penangguhan peperiksaan 42. Mengulang kursus atau pengajian atau peperiksaan khas 43. Penukaran dari program Ijazah Sarjana ke program Ijazah Kedoktoran 44. Peperiksaan komprehensif

BAHAGIAN VII

RAYUAN

45. Rayuan untuk semak semula keputusan peperiksaan akhir kursus 46. Rayuan untuk semak semula keputusan penilaian peperiksaan lisan 47. Rayuan untuk meneruskan semula pengajian bagi calon di bawah subperaturan

(6)(1)(b) dan (c) 48. Rayuan untuk meneruskan semula pengajian bagi calon di bawah subperaturan

(6)(1)(a) 49. Rayuan untuk meneruskan pengajian bagi mod calon di bawah subperaturan (6)(1)(d)

496

BAHAGIAN VIII

SALAH LAKU PENYELIDIKAN

50. Salah laku penyelidikan

BAHAGIAN IX

PENGURNIAAN IJAZAH

51. Syarat pengurniaan ijazah

BAHAGIAN X

AM

52. Pemberhentian calon 53. Pelajar Tanpa Ijazah 54. Garis panduan 55. Pemakaian 56. Permulaan kuatkuasa 57. Kuasa Senat 58. Pemansuhan

PERLEMBAGAAN UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA

PERATURAN-PERATURAN UNIVERSITI KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA (PENGAJIAN

SISWAZAH) 2011

PADA menjalankan kuasa yang diberikan oleh seksyen 38 perlembagaan Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia [P.U.(A) 446/2010], Senat membuat peraturan-peraturan yang beriut:

BAHAGIAN I

PERMULAAN

Nama

1. (1) Peraturan ini bolehlah dinamakan Peraturan - Peraturan Universiti

Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian Siswazah) 2011.

(2) Peraturan-peraturan ini hendaklah terpakai kepada semua calon yang

mendaftar sesuatu program yang mengurniakan Ijazah Sarjana atau Ijazah Kedoktoran pada

atau selepas tarikh permulaan kuat kuasa Peraturan-peraturan ini.

Tafsiran

2. Dalam Peraturan-peraturan ini, melainkan jika konteksnya mengkehendaki makna

yang lain,

“bayaran” ertinya apa-apa yuran dan pembayaran lain yang dikenakan oleh Universiti

kepada calon bagi suatu program;

“calon” ertinya seseorang calon berdaftar Universiti yang mengikuti pengajian

siswazah di Universiti bagi suatu program;

497

“disertasi” ertinya karya akademik yang dikemukakan oleh calon bagi memenuhi

sebahagian daripada syarat keperluan penganugerahan ijazah bagi mod pengajian kerja kursus

dan penyelidikan yang mempunyai komponen penyelidikan sekurang-kurangnya 50%;

“Fakulti” ertinya mana-mana Fakulti/Institut/Pusat yang ditubuhkan di dalam

Universiti termasuk Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah;

“Ijazah Kedoktoran” ertinya suatu perakuan yang diberikan oleh Universiti kepada

seseorang calon yang telah memenuhi syarat program Ijazah Doktor Falsafah, Ijazah Doktor

Klinikal, Ijazah Doktor Kesihatan Masyarakat, Ijazah Doktor Pentadbiran Perniagaan, Ijazah

Doktor Pergigian Klinikal atau Ijazah Kedoktoran lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;

“Ijazah Sarjana” ertinya perakuan yang diberi oleh Universiti kepada seorang calon

yang telah memenuhi syarat program Ijazah Sarjana, Ijazah Sarjana Klinikal atau yang setara

dengannya;

“Jabatan” ertinya mana-mana Jabatan atau Pusat Pengajian yang ditubuhkan di dalam

Fakulti untuk mengendalikan sesuatu program;

“Jawatankuasa Pemeriksa Siswazah” ertinya suatu jawatankuasa yang terdiri daripada

Dekan Fakulti atau wakilnya/Pengarah Institut atau wakilnya/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan

Siswazah atau wakilnya, selaku Pengerusi, Pengerusi Pusat/Ketua Jabatan, Ketua Program

Siswazah (jika berkenaan) dan Penyelaras Program Siswazah (jika berkenaan) untuk

menimbang dan memperakukan keputusan peperiksaan calon selain di bawah subperaturan

6(1)(a);

“Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah” ertinya suatu jawatankuasa yang ditubuhkan di

Fakulti/Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah untuk menguruskan program Fakulti/Institut yang terdiri

daripada Dekan Fakulti atau wakilnya/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah atau wakilnya,

selaku Pengerusi, Pengarah Institut atau wakilnya, Pengerusi Pusat/Ketua Jabatan dan Ketua

Program Siswazah (jika berkenaan);

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“Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan” adalah suatu jawatankuasa yang ditubuhkan untuk

menilai, menimbang dan memperakukan keputusan pemeriksaan tesis/disertasi dan

peperiksaan lisan tesis atau disertasi calon;

“Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan” ertinya suatu jawatankuasa yang terdiri daripada seorang

guru Universiti yang dilantik sebagai Pengerusi dan sekurang-kurangnya dua ahli lain sebagai

Ahli Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan untuk menyelia penyelidikan, penyediaan tesis/disertasi dan

membimbing serta menilai pengajian calon;

“Kampus” ertinya tempat pengajian yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;

“Ketua program” ertinya seseorang guru yang dilantik oleh Universiti bagi menyelaras

sesuatu program;

“kredit” ertinya nilai beban bagi satu jam kredit yang bersamaan dengan jam belajar

atau masa pembelajaran setara selama satu semester pengajian;

“kursus” ertinya sesuatu mata pelajaran yang ditawarkan di dalam syarat program

pengajian;

“mod kerja kursus” ertinya suatu program pengajian yang memfokus kepada kerja

kursus;

“mod kerja kursus dan penyelidikan atau mod campuran” ertinya suatu program

pengajian yang mempunyai komponen kerja kursus dan penyelidikan;

“mod kerja kursus dan praktikum/kerja klinikal serta kajian kes dan/atau

penyelidikan” ertinya suatu program pengajian yang mempunyai komponen kerja kursus dan

praktikum atau kerja klinikal serta penyelidikan;

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“Pelajar Tanpa Ijazah” ertinya pelajar yang mendaftar untuk mengikuti kursus

prasyarat sebelum mendaftar sebagai calon program Ijazah Sarjana atau Doktor Falsafah;

“Pemeriksa Dalam” ertinya seorang guru Universiti yang dilantik oleh Fakulti/Pusat

Pengurusan Siswazah untuk menilai pencapaian hasil penyelidikan seseorang calon;

“Pemeriksa Luar” ertinya seseorang guru atau pakar bidang dari luar Universiti yang

dilantik oleh Senat untuk menilai pencapaian hasil penyelidikan seorang calon;

“Penasihat Akademik” ertinya seseorang guru dari Fakulti/Institut yang dilantik untuk

membimbing calon dalam pengambilan kursus dan memantau kemajuan calon;

“Penyelia” ertinya seseorang guru Universiti yang dilantik untuk menyelia

penyelidikan, penyediaan tesis/disertasi dan membimbing serta menilai pengajian calon yang

boleh terdiri daripada Penyelia Utama dan/atau Penyelia Kedua atau Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan

atau Penyelia Luar seperti dinyatakan di bawah Peraturan 29;

“Penyelia Utama” ertinya seseorang guru Universiti yang dilantik secara individu atau

mengetuai kumpulan dua orang penyelia untuk menyelia penyelidikan, penyediaan tesis dan

membimbing sert menilai pengajian calon mod penyelidikan;

“Penyelia Kedua” ertinya seseorang guru yang dilantik bersama-sama dengan Penyelia

Utama (jika berkenaan) untuk menyelia penyelidikan, penyediaan tesis dan membimbing serta

menilai pengajian calon;

“Penyelia Luar” ertinya seorang guru atau pakar dari luar Universiti yang dilantik

sebagai Penyelia Kedua atau ahli Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan untuk menyelia penyelidikan,

penyediaan tesis dan membimbing serta menilai pengajian calon;

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“Peperiksaan Komprehensif” ertinya peperiksaan keseluruhan bidang ilmu yang

utama dan sampingan yang telah diikuti oleh calon Ijazah Kedoktoran mod kerja kursus dan

penyelidikan dan Ijazah Sarjana/Doktor Klinikal mod kerja kursus dan praktikum atau kerja

klinikal serta kajian kes dan/atau penyelidikan;

“Peperiksaan Lisan” ertinya peperiksaan untuk calon mempertahankan hasil kajian

yang dibentangkan dalam tesis/disertasi di hadapan jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan;

“program” ertinya rancangan pengajian ijazah Sarjana atau Kedoktoran dalam bidang

tertentu;

“semester” ertinya tempoh tertentu di dalam sesuatu sesi yang ditetapkan oleh Senat;

“Senat” ertinya Senat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia;

“sesi” ertinya tahun akademik yang tarikhnya ditetapkan oleh Senat;

“tesis” ertinya sebuah karya akademik bagi pengajian peringkat Ijazah Sarjana dan

Ijazah Kedoktoran bagi calon yang mengikuti pengajian mod penyelidikan sahaja;

“Universiti” ertinya Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

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BAHAGIAN II

SYARAT KEMASUKAN

Syarat penerimaan masuk program Ijazah Sarjana

3. Seseorang yang ingin memohon untuk mengikuti program Ijazah Sarjana hendaklah

mempunyai kelayakan seperti berikut:

(a) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan memperoleh Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif

(PNGK) yang baik dari Universiti atau mana-mana institusi pengajian tinggi

yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

(b) Ijazah Doktor Perubatan atau Doktor Pergigian dari Universiti atau mana-

mana institusi pengajian tinggi atau ijazah yang setaraf dengannya dari mana-

mana institusi pengajian tinggi lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

(c) kelayakan lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat yang diperoleh melalui pentauliahan

pembelajaran berasaskan pengalaman terdahulu (APEL - Accreditation of Prior

Experiential Learning) atau melalui pengiktirafan pengajian terdahulu (RPL –

Recognition of Prior Learning); dan

(d) memenuhi syarat lain yang ditetapkan oleh program (jika berkenaan).

Syarat penerimaan masuk program Ijazah Kedoktoran

4. Seseorang yang ingin memohon untuk mengikuti program Ijazah Kedoktoran

hendaklah mempunyai kelayakan seperti berikut:

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(a) Ijazah Sarjana dari Universiti atau mana-mana institusi pengajian tinggi yang


(b) kelayakan lain yang setaraf dengan Ijazah Sarjana atau mempunyai kelayakan

lain dengan pengalaman yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

(c) calon yang sedang mengikuti program Sarjana di bawah perenggan 6(1)(a) secara sepenuh masa di Universiti dan diperakukan oleh Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah Fakulti/Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah untuk menukar status kepada program Ijazah Kedoktoran dengan kelulusan Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Institut; atau

(d) Ijazah Sarjanamuda dengan memperoleh keputusan cemerlang dari Universiti dan mana-mana institusi pengajian tinggi yang diiktiraf oleh Senat; atau

(e) kelayakan lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat yang diperoleh melalui pentauliahan

pembelajaran berasaskan pengalaman terdahulu (APEL - Accreditation of Prior

Experiential Learning) atau melalui pengiktirafan pengajian terdahulu (RPL –

Recognition of Prior Learning); dan

(f) memenuhi syarat lain yang ditetapkan oleh program (jika berkenaan).

Syarat keperluan Bahasa Inggeris

5. (1) Calon luar negara hendaklah memenuhi syarat keperluan Bahasa Inggeris

seperti berikut:

(a) mendapat keputusan TOEFL atau IELTS yang memenuhi syarat skor atau band minimum yang ditetapkan oleh program masing-masing; atau

(b) bagi program tertentu, calon hendaklah mengambil Ujian Kecekapan Bahasa Inggeris (UKBI) dan sekiranya dia tidak melepasi tahap yang ditetapkan oleh program, calon hendaklah mengikuti dan lulus Modul Kemahiran Bahasa Inggeris (MKBI) dalam tempoh maksimum dua (2) semester sebelum dibenarkan mendaftar dalam program pengajian masing-masing. Calon akan mendaftar sebagai Pelajar Tanpa Ijazah.

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(2) Bagi calon luar negara yang akan menulis tesis/disertasi dalam Bahasa

Melayu/Bahasa Arab boleh dikecualikan daripada syarat yang dinyatakan dalam perenggan

(1)(a) tetapi calon itu hendaklah mengambil Ujian Kecekapan Bahasa Inggeris (UKBI) dan

sekiranya dia tidak melepasi tahap yang ditetapkan oleh program, calon dikehendaki mengikuti

dan lulus Modul Kemahiran Bahasa Inggeris (MKBI).

(3) Calon luar negara yang memiliki kelayakan akademik yang diperolehi dari

mana-mana universiti tempatan yang diiktiraf oleh Senat boleh dikecualikan daripada syarat

yang dinyatakan dalam perenggan (1)(a) tetapi calon itu hendaklah mengambil Ujian

Kecekapan Bahasa Inggeris (UKBI) dan sekiranya dia tidak melepasi tahap yang ditetapkan

oleh program, calon dikehendaki mengikuti dan lulus Modul Kemahiran Bahasa Inggeris

(MKBI).

(4) Fakulti/Institut boleh memberi pengecualian kepada syarat yang dinyatakan

dalam subperaturan (1) kepada calon luar negara yang berasal dari negara yang Bahasa Inggeris

adalah bahasa rasminya atau yang memiliki kelayakan akademik yang diperoleh dari mana-

mana institusi pengajian tinggi yang menggunakan Bahasa Inggeris sebagai bahasa pengantar.

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BAHAGIAN III

PENGAJIAN

Mod pengajian

6. (1) Tertakluk kepada Senat dan penawaran program pengajian, mod pengajian

untuk program Ijazah Sarjana atau Ijazah Kedoktoran adalah seperti yang berikut:

(a) mod penyelidikan sahaja;

(b) mod kerja kursus sahaja;

(c) mod kerja kursus dan penyelidikan atau mod campuran;

(d) mod kerja kursus dan praktikum atau kerja klinikal serta kajian kes

dan/atau penyelidikan.

Tempoh pengajian

7. (1) Tempoh pengajian bagi program ijazah Sarjana, di bawah perenggan 6(1)(a)

adalah seperti berikut:

(a) bagi pengajian sepenuh masa, tempoh minimum adalah dua (2)

semester dan tempoh maksimum adalah enam (6)

semester;

(b) bagi pengajian separuh masa, tempoh minimum adalah empat (4) semester dan tempoh maksimum adalah lapan (8) semester.

(2) Tempoh pengajian bagi program Ijazah Sarjana, di bawah perenggan 6(1)(b)

dan (c) adalah seperti berikut:

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(a) bagi pengajian sepenuh masa, tempoh minimum adalah dua (2) semester dan tempoh maksimum adalah empat (4) semester;

(b) bagi pengajian separuh masa, tempoh minimum adalah empat (4) semester dan tempoh maksimum adalah lapan (8) semester.

(3) Tempoh pengajian bagi program Ijazah Sarjana/Doktor Klinikal, di bawah

perenggan 6(1)(d) adalah minimum empat (4) sesi akademik dan maksimum (7) tujuh sesi

akademik secara sepenuh masa sahaja.

(4) Tempoh pengajian bagi program Ijazah Kedoktoran adalah seperti berikut:

(a) bagi pengajian sepenuh masa, tempoh minimum adalah enam (6)

semester dan tempoh maksimum adalah dua belas

(12) semester;

(b) bagi pengajian separuh masa, tempoh minimum adalah lapan (8) semester dan tempoh maksimum adalah empat belas (14) semester.

(5) Tertakluk kepada kelulusan Senat, seseorang calon Ijazah Kedoktoran di

bawah perenggan 6(1)(a) boleh memohon secara bertulis kepada Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah

Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut untuk dikecualikan daripada

syarat tempoh minimum pengajian, dan calon itu hendaklah-

(a) mendapat perakuan Fakulti/Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah; dan

(b) telah menerbitkan sekurang-kurangnya dua (2) makalah dalam jurnal berimpak tinggi yang berkaitan dengan penyelidikannya atau jurnal lain atau penerbitan makalah yang diiktiraf oleh Senat;

(6) Calon dibenarkan untuk membuat permohonan tambah masa pengajian

tertakluk kepada maksimum empat (4) semester.

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(7) Calon yang tempoh pengajiannya melebihi bilangan semester maksimun

termasuk tambahan masa yang disebut dalam subperaturan (6) boleh diberhentikan dan diberi

satus “gagal dn diberhentikan kerana tamat tempoh pengajian”.

(8) Calon mod penyelidikan sahaja, yang telah mendapat kelulusan di bawah

subperaturan (5) hendaklah menjelaskan segala yuran bagi tempoh minimum pengajiannya.

(9) Pengajian semester ketiga tidak diambil kira bagi menentukan jumlah semester

yang dibenarkan.

Bentuk pendaftaran

8. (1) Calon warganegara selain daripada calon yang dinyatakan dalam subperaturan

7(3) dibenarkan untuk memilih sama ada untuk mengikuti program pengajian secara sepenuh

masa atau separuh masa dan dikira dari tarikh pendaftarannya yang pertama sehingga tamat

pengajian.

(2) Calon Ijazah Sarjana/Doktor Klinikal disebut dalam perenggan 6(1)(d) hanya

dibenarkan untuk mengikuti program pengajian secara sepenuh masa sahaja.

(3) Hanya calon warganegara boleh memohon kepada Pengarah Pusat

Pengurusan Siswazah melalui Fakulti/Institut masing-masing, untuk menukar status

pendaftaran daripada sepenuh masa kepada separuh masa atau sebaliknya.

(4) Calon luar negara hendaklah mendaftar dan mengikuti semua program

pengajian secara sepenuh masa sahaja, dikira dari tarikh pendaftarannya yang pertama sehingga

tamat pengajian.

(5) Calon yang mengikuti program siswazah kendalian Pusat Kembangan

Pendidikan hendaklah mendaftar secara sepenuh masa sahaja kecuali untuk program tertentu

yang dibenarkan memilih untuk mengikuti program secara sepenuh masa atau separuh masa,

dikira dari tarikh pendaftarannya yang pertama sehingga tamat pengajian.

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Syarat pemastautinan

9. Calon luar negara hendaklah berada di kampus untuk tempoh minimum sekurang-

kurangnya dua (2) semester atau satu (1) sesi akademik kecuali bagi seorang calon yang

mengikuti program siswazah kendalian Pusat Kembangan Pendidikan, Program Kerjasama

Antarabangsa, Program Dwi Ijazah, Program Luar Kampus, Program Kerjasama Industri

atau Program Sangkutan Industri yang telah diperakukan oleh Senat.

Syarat keperluan Bahasa Melayu

10. Calon luar negara hendaklah mengikuti kursus Bahasa Melayu dan lulus kursus itu

untuk layak dikurniakan Ijazah sebgaimana yang ditetapkan oleh Universiti, tertakluk kepada

berikut:

(a) pengecualian boleh diberikan kepada calon yang telah mengikuti kursus

Bahasa Melayu yang setara anjuran pihak lain yang diperakukan oleh Senat

dan lulus kursus itu;

(b) dalam kes tertentu, Senat boleh memberi pengecualian syarat keperluan

Bahasa Melayu.

Syarat keperluan Bahasa Arab

11. (1) Seseorang calon bagi program tertentu hendaklah menduduki ujian kelayakan

Bahasa Arab.

(2) Calon yang gagal ujian yang disebut dalam subperaturan (1) hendaklah mengikuti

dan lulus Kursus Bahasa Arab Pengukuhan yang ditentukan oleh Fakulti/Institut yang

berkenaan dan dalam kes tertentu, Senat boleh memberi pengecualian syarat keperluan Bahasa

Arab.

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BAHAGIAN IV

PERMOHONAN DAN PENDAFTARAN

Permohonan

12. (1) Setiap permohonan hendaklah melalui borang dan cara yang ditetapkan oleh Universiti. (2) Setiap permohonan yang diterima daripada pemohon, hendaklah dirujuk

kepada Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah Fakulti/Institut berkenaan untuk pemilihan.

Pendaftaran pelajar baharu

13. (1) Calon yang diterima masuk hendaklah mendaftar diri dalam tempoh yang

ditetapkan oleh Universiti.

(2) Calon yang tidak mendaftar pada semester/sesi yang ditawarkan tanpa

mendapatkan kebenaran bertulis untuk menangguhkan pendaftaran daripada Dekan

Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah akan menyebabkan tawarannya dibatalkan.

(3) Calon tidak dibenarkan mendaftar selepas empat (4) minggu semester/sesi

bermula kecuali bagi calon pengajian mod penyelidikan sahaja.

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Bayaran

14. (1) Seseorang calon hendaklah menjelaskan semua bayaran kepada Universiti

pada awal setiap semester atau awal setiap sesi sepanjang tempoh pengajian.

(2) Calon yang gagal menjelaskan apa-apa bayaran di bawah subperaturan (1)

boleh digantung keputusan peperiksaannya dan tidak dibenarkan mendaftar untuk semester

berikutnya.

Penangguhan pendaftaran masuk

15. (1) Calon yang telah diterima masuk tetapi belum mendaftar boleh memohon

menangguh pendaftaran masuk untuk tempoh tidak kurang daripada satu (1) semester dan

tidak melebihi dua (2) semester.

(2) Permohonan penangguhan pendaftaran masuk hendaklah dibuat secara

bertulis kepada Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dalam tempoh empat (4) minggu dari

tarikh pendaftaran masuk.

(3) Sekiranya calon gagal membuat permohonan penangguhan dalam tempoh

yang ditetapkan, tawaran akan terbatal.

Pendaftaran pelajar sedia ada

16. (1) Semua calon hendaklah mendaftar dalam tempoh yang ditetapkan.

(2) Calon yang tidak mendaftar dalam tempoh empat (4) minggu selepas

semester/sesi bermula tanpa mendapatkan kebenaran secara bertulis untuk menangguhkan

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pengajian daripada Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah akan diberikan status

“Diberhentikan Sebab Tidak Mendaftar”.

Penangguhan Pengajian

17. (1) Calon boleh memohon untuk menangguhkan pengajian berdasarkan sebab

yang munasabah dan tempoh penangguhan ini tidak akan diambil kira sebagai sebahagian

daripada tempoh pengajian yang ditetapkan.

(2) Permohonan penangguhan pengajian hendaklah dibuat secara bertulis kepada

Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut.

(3) Penangguhan boleh dibenarkan untuk tempoh tidak kurang daripada satu (1)

semester dan yang tidak melebihi dua (2) semester di sepanjang tempoh pengajian.

(4) Walau apapun tempoh yang ditetapkan di bawah subperaturan (2), calon

boleh memohon tambahan satu (1) semester sahaja untuk penangguhan pengajian tertakluk

kepada keputusan Senat.

5) Calon yang diluluskan penangguhan pengajian tidak dianggap sebagai calon

yang berdaftar dan tidak layak menggunakan sebarang kemudahan yang disediakan Universiti.

Pendaftaran bagi calon yang tidak mendaftar untuk tempoh yang lama.

18. (1) Calon yang tidak mendaftar untuk satu tempoh tidak melebihi dua (2)

semester akan diberi status “Diberhentikan Sebab Tidak Mendaftar”.

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(2) Calon yang diberikan status yang disebut dalam subperaturan (1) boleh

membuat rayuan secara bertulis kepada Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah

dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut untuk meneruskan pengajian dengan dikenakan bayaran

proses permohonan dan bayaran denda lewat mendaftar seperti yang ditetapkan.

(3) Tempoh tidak mendaftar tidak diambil kira sebagai sebahagian daripada

keperluan maksimum yang dibenarkan bagi melayakkan diri untuk suatu ijazah.

Pendaftaran bagi calon yang telah menyerahkan tesis

19. Calon yang telah menyerahkan tesis untuk pemeriksaan hendaklah terus mendaftar

dan diberi status “Serah Tesis Untuk Peperiksaan” sehingga peperiksaan lisan tesisnya selesai

tanpa dikenakan yuran pengajian.

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BAHAGIAN V

KERJA KURSUS, PENYELIDIKAN DAN PENYELIAAN

Pendaftaran kursus

20. Calon hendaklah mendaftar kursus yang ditetapkan oleh program seperti berikut:

(a) Pendaftaran Wajib iaitu pendaftaran kursus yang diperlukan untuk

mendapatkan Ijazah. Kursus yang didaftarkan secara wajib akan dimasukkan

dalam pengiraan untuk menentukan purata nilai gred (jika berkenaan) bagi

pengajian calon. Pendaftaran wajib boleh terdiri daripada kursus wajib dan

kursus elektif.

(b) Pendaftaran Tanpa Gred iaitu adalah pendaftaran kursus pra syarat secara tanpa gred, iaitu untuk mendapat keputusan umum berbentuk lulus atau kandas (L/K) sahaja. Kursus ini tidak akan diambil kira untuk menentukan purata nilai gred. Kursus tanpa gred masih dikira kreditnya dalam menentukan beban kerja kursus pada setiap semester (jika berkenaan).

(c) Pendaftaran Audit iaitu pendaftaran kursus yang diikuti secara audit. Kursus ini tidak akan dikira untuk menentukan purata nilai gred dan umumnya tidak diambil kira sebagai memenuhi keperluan program untuk mendapatkan Ijazah kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya. Calon yang mengikuti kursus secara audit perlu memenuhi keperluan kursus.

Beban kerja kursus

21. (1) Seorang calon yang mengikuti pengajian selain dinyatakan di bawah

perenggan 6(1)(a) dibenarkan untuk mendaftar jumlah kursus dan kredit seperti berikut:

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(a) bagi calon sepenuh masa, minimum dua belas (12) kredit atau tiga (3) kursus hingga maksimum dua puluh (20) kredit atau lima (5) kursus pada setiap satu semester.

(b) bagi calon separuh masa, tidak melebihi dua belas (12) kredit atau (3) tiga kursus pada setiap satu semester.

(2) Kursus yang perlu diikuti bagi sesuatu program pengajian hendaklah didaftarkan dalam tempoh empat (4) minggu dari tarikh permulaan suatu semester.

(3) Bagi program tertentu atau bagi calon yang berada dalam semester akhir,

Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut

boleh membenarkan pengecualian kepada had minimum dan maksimum pendaftaran kredit.

Keperluan program atau kursus

22. (1) Seorang calon yang mengikuti kursus yang didaftar hendaklah memenuhi

keperluan kursus seperti yang ditetapkan oleh program bagi membolehkannya layak

menduduki peperiksaan akhir (jika berkenaan).

(2) Seorang calon yang dinyatakan di bawah subperaturan (1) yang tidak

dibenarkan mengambil peperiksaan akhir kerana tidak memenuhi keperluan kursus berkenaan

akan diberi gred E.

(3) Seorang calon yang dinyatakan di bawah perenggan 6(1)(d) yang tidak

dibenarkan mengambil peperiksaan akhir kerana tidak memenuhi keperluan program atau

kursus yang berkenaan adalah dianggap gagal.

(4) Keputusan peperiksaan calon yang memenuhi keperluan kursus dan

mengambil peperiksaan sesuatu kursus yang tidak didaftarkan tidak akan diambil kira untuk

menentukan purata nilai gred.

Penyelidikan

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23. Calon yang mengikuti program Ijazah Sarjana atau Ijazah Kedoktoran di bawah

perenggan 6(1)(a), boleh melakukan penyelidikan sama ada di Universiti atau secara

tindikan/sangkutan di industri/institusi penyelidikan lain yang diiktiraf Universiti.

Tambah, gugur kursus dan tarik diri

24. (1) Calon boleh menambah dan menggugur kursus dalam tempoh empat (4)

minggu pertama dalam setiap satu semester.

(2) Calon dibenarkan untuk menggugurkan kursus selepas minggu yang keempat

(4) sehingga selewat-lewatnya pada minggu ke sepuluh (10) dengan mendapat kelulusan Dekan

Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut dan dia

dianggap sebagai menarik diri dan akan diberikan gred TD dan tidak akan diambil kira dalam

menentukan purata nilai gred (jika berkenaan).

(3) Calon yang disebut dalam subperaturan (2) perlu menjelaskan bayaran yuran

penuh.

(4) Proses tambah dan gugur kursus hendaklah memenuhi keperluan jumlah kredit minimum dan maksimum yang perlu diambil pada setiap satu semester.

(3) Calon yang mendaftar sesuatu kursus tetapi tidak mengikutinya dan tidak memohon menggugurkannya akan diberi gred E bagi kursus itu.

Pemindahan kredit

25. (1) Calon yang berpindah daripada universiti luar yang diiktiraf oleh Senat dan

telah mengikuti kursus tertentu boleh memohon untuk memindahkan sebahagian daripada

kredit yang telah diperoleh bagi kursus yang setara dengan kursus yang perlu diikuti.

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(2) Calon yang terlibat dalam program mobiliti outbound boleh memohon untuk

memindahkan kredit yang telah diperoleh bagi kursus yang setara dengan kursus yang perlu

diikuti.

(3) Kursus setara yang telah diambil itu hendaklah tidak melebihi tempoh lima

(5) tahun dari tarikh pendaftaran masuk ke Universiti.

(4) Jumlah kredit maksimum yang boleh dipindahkan ialah sebanyak dua belas

(12) kredit atau tiga (3) kursus dengan sekurang-kurangnya gred B atau setara dan tertakluk

kepada bayaran pemprosesan yang ditetapkan.

(5) Permohonan untuk pemindahan kredit hendaklah dibuat secara bertulis

kepada Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah

Institut pada semester pertama pengajian.

(6) Gred untuk kredit yang dipindahkan akan diambil kira dalam pengiraan dalam menentukan purata nilai gred.

Pengecualian kredit

26. (1) Seorang calon yang telah mengikuti kursus di Universiti atau universiti luar

yang diiktiraf oleh Senat boleh memohon pengecualian kredit bagi kursus yang telah diperoleh

yang setara dengan kursus yang perlu diikuti.

(2) Seorang calon yang mempunyai kelayakan melalui proses pentauliahan

pembelajaran berasaskan pengalaman terdahulu (APEL) atau pengiktirafan pengajian

terdahulu (RPL) yang diperakukan oleh Senat boleh memohon pengecualian kredit bagi kursus

yang perlu diikuti.

(3) Akreditasi yang diberi hendaklah tidak melebihi tempoh lima (5) tahun dari

tarikh pendaftaran masuk ke Universiti.

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(4) Jumlah kredit maksimum yang boleh dikecualikan ialah sebanyak dua belas

(12) kredit atau tiga (3) kursus dengan sekurang-kurangnya gred B atau setara dan tertakluk

kepada bayaran pemprosesan yang ditetapkan.

(5) Gred tidak diberikan untuk kredit yang dikecualikan dan tidak akan diambil kira dalam menentukan purata nilai gred.

(6) Permohonan untuk pengecualian kredit hendaklah dibuat secara bertulis kepada Dekan Fakulti/ Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut pada semester pertama pengajian.

(7) Seorang calon yang telah memohon pemindahan kredit di bawah perenggan 25 tidak boleh memohon pengecualian kredit atau sebaliknya.

Tesis/Disertasi

27. (1) Dalam penyedian tesis/disertasi, seorang calon hendaklah mematuhi syarat-

syarat yang seperti berikut:

(a) Mengikut format penulisan dan penyediaan tesis/disertasi sebagamana yang terdapat dalam buku Panduan Penulisan Tesis/Disertasi Gaya UKM.

(b) Tidak mengemukakan tesis/disertasi yang telah diserahkan kepada universiti atau universiti lain tetapi boleh memasukkan mana-mana bahagian daripada karya itu dengn syarat bahagian karya yang dimasukkan itu dirujuk dengan jelas;

(c) Menerbitkan kertas mengenai hasil penyelidikannya dalam tempoh dia sedang menjalani program dengan syarat bahawa dia mendapat persetujuan penyelia atau Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan;

(d) Tesis/disertasi hendaklah ditulis dalam Bahasa Melayu; dan

(2) Walau apapun perenggan 1 (d), tesis/disertasi boleh ditulis dalam Bahsa

Inggeris atau Bahasa Arab dengan syarat mendapat kelulusan daripada Dekan

Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut.

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(3) Calon boleh mendapatkan kelulusan yang disebut dalam perenggan (9)

dengan membuat permohonan secara bertulis selewat-lewatnya pada semester keempat (4)

pengajian bagi calon program Ijazah Kedoktoran dan Semester kedua (2) bagi calon

program Ijazah Sarjana.

(4) Semua tesis/Disertasi yang ditulis dalam Bahasa Melayu atau Bahasa Inggeris atau

Bahasa Arab mesti didahului dengan abstrak Bahasa Melayu dan diikuti dengan Bahasa

inggeris dan abhasa Arab (juka berkenaan).

(5) Had maksimum untuk tesis program Ijazah kedoktoran tidak boleh melebihi seratus ribu (100,000) perkataan dan untuk tesis program Ijazah Sarjana hendaklah tidak melebihi enam puluh ribu (60,000) perkataan.

(6) Had maksimum disertasi program Ijazah Sarjana bagi calon yang mengikuti mod kerja kursus dan penyelidikan hendaklah tidak melebihi tiga puluh ribu (30,000) perkataan.

(7) Had maksimum disertasi program Ijazah kedoktoran bagi calon yang mengikuti mod kerja kursus dan penyelidikan hendaklah tidak melebihi enam puluh ribu (60,000) perkataan.

(8) Jumlah perkataan tidak termasuk catatan bawah, petikan, lampiran, rumus, jadual, gambarajah dan sebagainya.

(9) Had minimum perkataan adalah ditetapkan oleh pihak Fakulti/Institut dan kebenaran menulis tesis/disertasi melebihi had panjang yang telah ditetapkan boleh diperolehi dengan memohon kebenaran kepada Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah sekurang-kurangnya tiga (3) bulan sebelum menyerah tesis/disertasi untuk diperiksa.

(10) Semua tesis/disertasi, penerbitan mengenai hasil penyelidikan calon adalah tertakluk kepada Dasar Harta Intelek Universiti untuk pelajar.

Serahan tesis/disertasi

28. (1) Seorang calon hendaklah memberi notis secara bertulis kepada Dekan

Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut sekurang-

kurangnya tiga (3) bulan sebelum menyerahkan tesis/disertasi untuk pemeriksaan.

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(2) Calon yang akan menyerahkan Notis Serahan Tesis/Disertasi untuk tujuan

pemeriksaan hendaklah memenuhi keperluan program, syarat penerbitan dan syarat-syarat lain

sebagaimana yang ditetapkan oleh Fakulti/Institut/Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dan Peraturan

ini.

(3) Calon yang akan menyerahkan tesis/disertasi untuk tujuan pemeriksaan

hendaklah -

(a) menyerahkan tesis/disertasi dalam bentuk digital dan bercetak

mengikut bilangan yang ditetapkan oleh

Fakulti/Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah;

(b) menjelaskan yuran peperiksaan; dan

(c) memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan oleh Universiti.

(4) Calon yang telah mendapat kelulusan di bawah subperaturan 7(5) juga adalah

tertakluk kepada peraturan ini.

(5) Calon yang telah lulus peperiksaan lisan tesis/disertasi dan diperakukan oleh

Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan setelah memenuhi semua syarat yang ditetapkan hendaklah

menyerahkan tesis/disertasi dalam bentuk berjilid dan digital mengikut bilangan salinan

naskhah yang ditetapkan oleh Universiti kepada Fakulti dan Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah.

Bentuk tesis

29. Tesis calon program Ijazah Kedoktoran boleh disediakan sama ada dalam bentuk tesis

konvensional ataupun dalam bentuk tesis yang terdiri daripada integrasi sekurang-kurangnya

tiga (3) makalah jurnal berimpak tinggi.

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Penyeliaan dan bimbingan

30. (1) Calon yang mengikuti pengajian selain di bawah subperaturan 6(1)(a) akan

dibimbing oleh sekurang-kurangnya oleh seorang Penasihat Akademik yang dilantik oleh

Fakulti/Institut dari kalangan guru Universiti.

(2) Penasihat Akademik bertanggungjawab menasihati dan membimbing calon

mengenai pengambilan kursus dan mengenai kemajuan calon semasa mengikuti kerja kursus.

Penyeliaan calon mod penyelidikan

31. (1) Penyelia bagi calon di bawah subperaturan 6(1)(a) boleh terdiri daripada

berikut:

(a) Penyelia Utama;

(b) kumpulan dua orang Penyelia yang seorang akan dilantik sebagai Penyelia Utama dan seorang lagi sebagai Penyelia Kedua; atau

(c) Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan.

(2) Semua penyelia yang dinyatakan dalam subperaturan (1) hendaklah dilantik

oleh Dekan Fakulti/ Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut

dan bertanggungjawab untuk menyelia dan membimbing penyelidikan, penulisan

tesis/disertasi/laporan projek serta menilai prestasi kemajuan calon.

(3) seseorang guru yang dipinjamkan ke tempat lain, berhenti atau bersara dari Universiti, atau guru dari universiti lain, atau individu berkelayakan dari institusi/industri boleh dilantik sebagai Penyelia Kedua atau Ahli Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan.

(4) Tertakluk kepada perakuan Senat, Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut boleh melantik guru yang disebut dalam peraturan (3)sebagai Penyelia Utama atau Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan.

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(5) Jika Penyelia tidak dapat menjalankan tugasnya, maka Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut hendaklah melantik seorang guru yang lain untuk menjalankan tugas itu bagi suatu tempoh yang dikira perlu.

(6) Penyelia Utama atau Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan boleh membuat permohonan penukaran dan/atau penambahan Penyelia Kedua atau ahli Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan secara bertulis kepada Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut.

(7) Calon boleh membuat permohonan penukaran dan/atau penambahan penyelia dengan syarat calon memohon secara bertulis kepada Dekan Fakulti atau Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut tidak lewat dari tiga (3) semester untuk program Ijazah Kedoktoran atau dua (2) semester untuk program Ijazah Sarjana selepas pelantikan berkenaan dibuat.

(8) Penyelia Utama atau Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan hendaklah menyampaikan satu laporan kemajuan calon kepada Sekretariat/Jawatankuasa Siswazah Fakulti/Institut/Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah pada setiap semester sepanjang tempoh pengajiannya.

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BAHAGIAN VI

PEPERIKSAAN DAN PENILAIAN

Peperiksaan dan penilaian bagi program Ijazah Sarjana

32. (1) Penilaian calon yang mengikuti program Ijazah Sarjana, mod pengajian di

bawah subperaturan 6(1)(a) hendaklah mengandungi-

(a) satu tesis yang akan diperiksa oleh sekurang-kurangnya seorang

Pemeriksa Luar dan sekurang-kurangnya seorang Pemeriksa Dalam;

dan

(b) peperiksaan lisan bagi mempertahankan tesis di hadapan

Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan.

(2) Penilaian calon yang mengikuti program Ijazah Sarjana, mod pengajian di

bawah subperaturan 6(1)(b) hendaklah mengandungi-

(a) peperiksaan dan/atau penilaian berterusan mengenai kerja kursus

yang diikuti pada tiap-tiap semester; dan

(b) peperiksaan komprehensif (jika berkenaan).

(3) Penilaian calon yang mengikuti program Ijazah Sarjana, mod pengajian di

bawah subperaturan 6(1)(c) hendaklah mengandungi-

(a) Satu peperiksaan dan/atau penilaian berterusan mengenai kerja kursus yang diikuti pada tiap-tiap semester; dan

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(b) peperiksaan komprehensif (jika berkenaan); dan

(c) satu disertasi yang akan diperiksa oleh sekurang-kurangnya seorang Pemeriksa Dalam dan/atau Pemeriksa Luar; atau

(d) satu laporan projek sarjana yang akan diperiksa oleh seorang guru

Universiti yang dilantik oleh Fakulti/Institut; dan

(e) peperiksaan lisan bagi mempertahankan disertasi/laporan projek

sarjana di hadapan Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan (jika berkenaan).

(9) Peperiksaan calon yang mengikuti program Ijazah Sarjana, di bawah mod pengajian subperaturan 6(1)(d) hendaklah mengandungi-

(a) peperiksaan/laporan bertulis, lisan dan klinikal/praktikum mengenai kerja kursus yang diikutinya; dan

(b) satu disertasi/laporan projek sarjana yang akan diperiksa oleh sekurang-kurangnya seorang Pemeriksa Luar dan sekurang-kurangnya seorang Pemeriksa Dalam (jika berkenaan); dan

(c) Peperiksaan lisan bagi mempertahankan disertasi/laporan projek sarjana di hadapan Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan (jika berkenaan);

(3) Pengecualian kepada perenggan (4)(a) dan (c) tertakluk kepada calon menghasilkan satu penerbitan berindeks.

Penilaian bagi program Ijazah Kedoktoran

33. (1) Penilaian calon yang mengikuti program Ijazah Kedoktoran, mod pengajian

di bawah subperaturan 6(1)(a) hendaklah mengandungi ─

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(a) satu tesis yang akan diperiksa oleh sekurang-kurangnya seorang Pemeriksa Dalam dan sekurang-kurangnya seorang Pemeriksa Luar; dan

(b) peperiksaan lisan bagi mempertahankan tesis di hadapan

Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan.

(2) Penilaian calon yang mengikuti program Ijazah Kedoktoran, bagi calon mod

pengajian di bawah subperaturan 6(1)(c) dan (d) hendaklah mengandungi ─

(a) peperiksaan dan/atau penilaian berterusan mengenai kerja kursus yang diikuti pada tiap-tiap semester atau sesi (jika berkenaan); dan

(b) peperiksaan komprehensif (jika berkenaan); dan

(c) satu disertasi yang akan diperiksa oleh sekurang-kurangnya seorang Pemeriksa Luar dan sekurang-kurangnya seorang Pemeriksa Dalam (jika berkenaan); dan

(d) peperiksaan lisan bagi mempertahankan disertasi di hadapan

Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan (jika berkenaan).

Keputusan peperiksaan lisan

34. (1) Calon yang dinyatakan di bawah subperaturan 32(1) dan 33(1) adalah

tertakluk kepada tempoh maksimum pembetulan tesis yang diperakukan oleh Jawatankuasa

Peperiksaan Lisan.

(2) Tempoh maksimum pembetulan kali pertama adalah selama dua belas (12)

bulan dan tempoh maksimum pembetulan kali kedua adalah tiga (3) bulan.

(3) Bagi calon yang diberi tempoh maksimum pembetulan dua belas (12) bulan

pada pemeriksaan kali pertama dikehendaki menyerah tesis yang telah diperbetulkan untuk

tujuan pemeriksaan ulangan dan perlu melalui peperiksaan lisan ulangan.

(4) Calon yang gagal menyerah tesis dalam tempoh maksimum adalah dianggap gagal dan akan diberi status “ Gagal dan Diberhentikan Sebab Kandas”.

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(5) Bagi calon yang diberi tempoh maksimum pembetulan tiga bulan (3) bulan

pada pemeriksaan kali kedua dikehendaki menyerah tesis yang telah diperbaiki untuk tujuan

pengesahan

sebagaimana yang ditetapkan oleh Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan.

(6) Calon yang gagal untuk menyerahkan tesis dalam tempoh maksimum yang disebut dalam subperaturan (5) adalah dianggap gagal dan akan diberi status “ Gagal dan Diberhentikan Sebab Kandas”.

Pemeriksa luar

35. (1) Pemeriksa luar bagi calon program Ijazah Sarjana, mod pengajian di bawah

perenggan 6(1)(a) dan (c) hendaklah terdiri daripada guru yang dilantik oleh Senat untuk

menilai pencapaian calon dan pemeriksa itu sekurang-kurangnya mempunyai kelayakan seperti

yang berikut:

(a) memiliki Ijazah kedoktoran; (b) telah menghasilkan graduan Sarjana; (c) mempunyai tiga tahun pengalaman dalam bidang penyelidikan

berkaitan bermula dari tarikh penerimaan Ijazah Kedoktoran; dan

(d) menunjukkan kecemerlangan akademik.

(2) Pemeriksa Luar bagi calon program Ijazah Kedoktoran hendaklah terdiri daripada guru yang dilantik oleh Senat untuk menilai pencapaian calon dan pemeriksa itu sekurang-kurangnya mempunyai kelayakan seperti yang berikut:

(a) seorang Profesor Madya; (b) memiliki Ijazah Kedoktoran; (c) telah menghasilkan graduan Doktor Falsafah; (d) mempunyai lima tahun pengalaman dalam bidang penyelidikan

berkaitan bermula dari tarikh penerimaan Ijazah Kedoktoran; (e) menunjukkan kecemerlangan akademik.

(3) Pemeriksa Luar bagi calon program Sarjana Klinikal atau Kedoktoran Klinikal adalah dilantik oleh Fakulti dan telah diiktiraf sebagai „doktor pakar‟ dalam bidang

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berkaitan terdiri daripada guru atau pakar bidang yang dilantik oleh mana-mana Senat daripada universiti lain atau institusi lain dan diperakukan oleh Senat.

(4) Pakar bidang daripada industri/institusi lain yang akan dilantik hendaklah

mempunyai pengalaman sekurang-kurangnya lima (5) tahun untuk pemeriksaan di peringkat

ijazah sarjana atau lapan (8) tahun untuk pemeriksaan di peringkat ijazah kedoktoran dalam

bidang yang berkaitan.

(5) Pemeriksa Luar yang dilantik hendaklah tidak mempunyai apa-apa hubungan

dan/atau kepentingan dengan calon.

Pemeriksa Dalam

36. (1) Pemeriksa Dalam bagi calon program Ijazah Sarjana dan Ijazah Kedoktoran,

di bawah perenggan 6(1)(a) dan (c) hendaklah terdiri daripada guru dari Universiti dan dilantik

oleh Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah atas cadangan Pengarah Institut

untuk menilai pencapaian calon seperti berikut:

(a) bagi calon Ijazah Sarjana, Pemeriksa Dalam hendaklah sekurang- kurangnya memiliki Ijazah Sarjana atau kelayakan lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat dan berpengalaman dalam bidang yang berkaitan.

(b) bagi calon Ijazah Kedoktoran, Pemeriksa Dalam hendaklah sekurang- kurangnya memiliki Ijazah Kedoktoran atau kelayakan lain yang diiktiraf oleh Senat dan berpengalaman dalam bidang yang berkaitan.

(2) Pemeriksa Dalam bagi calon program Ijazah Sarjana dan Ijazah Kedoktoran

di bawah perenggan 6(1)(d) hendaklah dilantik mengikut bidang kepakaran dan diiktiraf

sebagai „doktor pakar‟ dalam bidang berkaitan oleh Dekan Fakulti berkenaan.

Jawatankuasa Pemeriksa Siswazah

37. Jawatankuasa Pemeriksa Siswazah adalah bertanggungjawab untuk menimbang

keputusan peperiksaan calon yang mengikuti pengajian selain di bawah perenggan 6(1)(a) dan

jika berpuas hati memperakukan kepada Senat untuk pengurniaan Ijazah.

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Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan Tesis/Disertasi

38. (1) Satu Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan Tesis hendaklah dianggotai ─

(a) seorang Profesor atau Profesor Madya Universiti yang dilantik oleh Naib Canselor sebagai Pengerusi; (b) Dekan Fakulti atau Pengarah Institut atau wakilnya; (c) Ketua Jabatan atau Pengerusi Pusat Pengajian atau wakilnya; (d) Pemeriksa Luar (jika berkenaan); dan/atau

(e) Pemeriksa Dalam.

(2) Satu Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan Disertasi hendaklah dianggotai ─

(a) seorang Profesor atau Profesor Madya Universiti sebagai Pengerusi; (b) Dekan Fakulti atau Pengarah Institut atau wakilnya; (c) Ketua Jabatan atau Pengerusi Pusat Pengajian atau wakilnya; (d) Pemeriksa Luar (jika berkenaan); dan/atau

(e) Pemeriksa Dalam.

(3) Penyelia seseorang calon hanya boleh turut hadir sebagai pemerhati dalam

sesi peperiksaan lisan calonnya.

Penilaian kerja kursus

39. (1) Pemberian nilai gred bagi setiap semester adalah untuk kerja kursus dan

penilaian lain yang diadakan di sepanjang semester dan peperiksaan akhir semester.

(2) Gred dan nilai gred untuk kerja kursus akan diberikan penilaian seperti

berikut:

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(3) Gred tanpa nilai adalah seperti berikut:

Gred Nilai

Gred Taraf

A

A-

B+

B

B-

C+

C

C-

D

E

L/K

TL

AU

TD

SM

TP

DK

4.00

3.67

3.33

3.00

2.67

2.33

2.00

1.67

1.00

0.00

Lulus dengan cemerlang Lulus dengan cemerlang Lulus dengan kepujian

Lulus dengan kepujian

Lulus

Lulus

Lulus

Gagal

Gagal

Gagal

Lulus/Kandas

(bagi kursus tanpa gred)

Tidak Lengkap

Audit

Tarik Diri

Sedang Maju

Tangguh Peperiksaan

Dikecualikan

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(a) L/K (Lulus/Kandas) iaitu gred yang diberikan kepada calon yang mengambil kursus yang keputusannya tidak digredkan tetapi hanya diberi catatan “Lulus” atau “Kandas” sahaja;

(b) TL (Tidak Lengkap) iaitu gred yang diberikan kepada calon yang tidak dapat melengkapkan keperluan kursus atas alasan yang munasabah. Calon perlu melengkapkan keperluan tersebut sekurang-kurangnya dalam tempoh dua (2) minggu selepas pendaftaran semester berikutnya untuk mendapat penilaian penuh dan gred;

(c) SM (Sedang Maju) iaitu gred yang digunakan bagi sesuatu kerja atau projek yang melebihi satu semester untuk disiapkan. Ia tidak diberi mata nilaian tetapi unit baginya hanya dikira untuk penentuan unit umum bagi sesuatu semester dan bukan untuk keperluan penilaian untuk mendapatkan ijazah. Unit dan nilai gred bagi kerja atau projek tersebut hanya diambil kira bagi maksud pengiraan jumlah unit untuk keperluan ijazah dan purata nilaian apabila simbol SM digantikan dengan gred;

(d) AU (Audit) iaitu gred yang diberikan kepada calon yang mendaftar,

menghadiri kursus dan mengambil peperiksaan bagi sesuatu kursus

itu tetapi nilai gred tidak diberikan dan AU tersebut hanya

direkodkan sekiranya calon lulus peperiksaan kursus itu;

(e) TD (Tarik Diri) iaitu gred yang diberikan kepada calon yang menarik diri bagi sesuatu kursus di antara minggu keempat (4) hingga minggu kesepuluh (10) sesuatu semester dengan kebenaran pensyarah dan Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut;

(f) TP (Tangguh Peperiksaan) iaitu gred yang diberikan kepada calon yang memohon untuk menangguhkan peperiksaan di bawah subperaturan 39(1). Peperiksaan gantian hendaklah diadakan seberapa segera yang mungkin berdasarkan keadaan kesihatan calon;

(4) Pengiraan unit dan purata nilai gred adalah seperti yang berikut:

(a) Kursus yang didaftarkan secara wajib akan diterima untuk pengiraan

bagi memenuhi keperluan unit. Kursus yang didaftar secara

Audit (AU), tanpa gred (L/K) atau yang menerima gred Tidak

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Lengkap (TL), Sedang Maju (SM), Tarik Diri (TD) atau kursus yang

digugurkan, tidak akan dimasukkan dalam pengiraan unit;

(b) Purata nilai gred akan ditentukan mengikut kaedah di bawah:

(i) Purata Nilai Gred Semester (PNGS) iaitu jumlah Nilai Gred

(nilai gred x unit kursus) untuk semua kursus dibahagi dengan jumlah

unit bagi semua kursus yang diikuti pada setiap satu semester;

(ii) Purata Nilai Gred Kumulatif (PNGK) iaitu jumlah Nilai

Gred (nilai gred x unit kursus) untuk semua kursus dibahagi dengan

jumlah unit bagi semua kursus dalam semua semester yang telah

diikuti;

(c) Formula pengiraan bagi Purata Nilai Gred adalah seperti berikut:

n

i

i

n

i

ii

U

UG

PNG

1

1

iG : Nilai Gred Kursus ke i

iU : Nilai Kredit Kursus ke i

n: Bilangan kursus yang telah diikuti

(5) Taraf pencapaian akademik dan syarat meneruskan pengajian adalah seperti yang berikut:

(a) Taraf pencapaian akademik calon akan ditentukan mengikut PNGK pada satu tempoh pengajian dan ditentukan seperti berikut:

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Calon mestilah mencapai sekurang-kurangnya PNGK 3.0 untuk setiap

semester dan sekurang-kurangnya gred C untuk mana-mana kursus seperti

yang ditetapkan oleh program;

(b) Calon hendaklah mencapai sekurang-kurangnya PNGK 3.0 untuk

setiap semester dan sekurang-kurangnya gred C untuk mana-mana

kursus seperti yang ditetapkan oleh program;

(c) Seorang calon yang tidak dapat mencapai PNGK seperti yang dinyatakan dalam perenggan (5)(b) akan diberi status “Lulus Bersyarat” pada semester berikutnya bagi meningkatkan prestasinya kepada sekurang-kurangnya PNGK 3.0 pada akhir semester tersebut;

(d) Seorang calon yang tidak dapat meningkatkan prestasinya kepada sekurang-kurangnya PNGK 3.0 pada semester beliau diberi status “Lulus Bersyarat” akan diberhentikan daripada mengikuti program pengajiannya. Seseorang calon tidak akan diberi status “Lulus Bersyarat” untuk dua semester berturut-turut di sepanjang tempoh pengajiannya;

(e) Seorang calon dibenarkan untuk mengulang kursus yang grednya B- atau ke bawah. Bagi kursus yang diulang, gred terakhir kursus tersebut akan diambilkira untuk tujuan pengiraan gred keseluruhan program walaupun gred yang diperolehi lebih rendah daripada yang sebelumnya.

Purata

Nilai Gred

Taraf Pencapaian Kelayakan

Meneruskan

Pengajian

Kelayakan

Pengurniaan

Ijazah

PNGK ≥ 3 Lulus Layak Layak

2 ≤ PNGK

< 3

Lulus Bersyarat Percubaan Tidak Layak

PNGK < 2 Gagal dan Diberhentikan Tidak Layak Tidak Layak

531

Penilaian kemajuan penyelidikan

40. Calon yang mengikuti pengajian di bawah perenggan 6(1)(a) boleh diberikan status

“Gagal dan Diberhentikan Sebab Prestasi Akademik” sekiranya calon itu memperoleh laporan

kemajuan seperti berikut:

(a) “dengan Ingatan” sebanyak empat (4) kali sepanjang tempoh pengajian; atau

(b) “dengan Amaran” sebanyak dua (2) kali sepanjang tempoh pengajian; atau

(c) gabungan dua (2) “dengan Ingatan” dan satu (1) “dengan Amaran” sepanjang tempoh pengajian; atau

(d) “Gagal dan Diberhentikan” pada mana-mana semester.

Penangguhan peperiksaan

41. (1) Calon yang sakit atau menghadapi masalah kesihatan sewaktu peperiksaan

boleh memohon kepada Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan

perakuan Pengarah Institut untuk menangguh pengambilan peperiksaan berkenaan.

(2) Permohonan untuk menangguhkan peperiksaan bagi suatu kursus berkenaan

hendaklah dibuat tidak lebih dari empat puluh lapan (48) jam selepas peperiksaan kursus itu

diadakan.

(3) Permohonan untuk menangguhkan pengambilan peperiksaan semester atas

sebab kesihatan hendaklah disertakan dengan sijil sakit atau pengesahan daripada doktor yang

merawat yang hendaklah terdiri daripada pegawai perubatan Kerajaan atau Universiti.

(4) Suatu permohonan atas sebab lain boleh dipertimbangkan atas budi bicara

Fakulti/ Institut/Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah.

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(5) Peperiksaan gantian boleh diatur berdasarkan kepada merit kes tersebut.

Mengulang kursus atau pengajian atau menduduki peperiksaan khas

42. (1) Calon yang gagal dalam kursus wajib dikehendaki mengulangi kursus

tersebut.

(2) Calon di bawah perenggan 6(1)(d) yang gagal mencapai tahap memuaskan

untuk setiap satu tempoh penilaian hendaklah mengulang pengajian tempoh tersebut.

(3) Calon yang berada di semester terakhir pengajian yang perlu melengkapkan

kredit dibenarkan menduduki peperiksaan khas bagi tujuan memperoleh ijazah. Peperiksaan

khas hanya dibenarkan untuk satu kursus yang pernah diikuti sahaja. Permohonan hendaklah

dibuat kepada Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan

Pengarah Institut dalam tempoh dua (2) minggu selepas pendaftaran semester terakhirnya.

Penukaran dari program Ijazah Sarjana ke program Ijazah Kedoktoran.

43. (1) Calon yang mengikuti program Ijazah Sarjana di bawah perenggan 6(1)(a)

boleh memohon untuk penukaran dari program Ijazah Sarjana ke program Ijazah Kedoktoran.

(2) Permohonan hendaklah dibuat secara bertulis kepada Dekan

Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah melalui Pengarah Institut, dengan perakuan

Penyelia Utama/Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan selewat-lewatnya pada semester ketiga (3)

pengajiannya.

(3) Satu panel penilai hendaklah dianggotai ─

533

(a) Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Institut atau wakilnya sebagai pengerusi;

dan

(b) Ketua Jabatan/Pengerusi Pusat Pengajian atau wakilnya; dan

(c) tiga (3) orang guru Universiti dalam bidang berkaitan yang terdiri

daripada Profesor atau Profesor Madya; dan

(d) Penyelia Utama atau Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan.

(4) Panel Penilai bertanggungjawab untuk ─

(a) menilai cadangan penyelidikan dan pencapaian calon dalam sesi pembentangan, dan sekiranya dia layak, panel boleh memperakukan permohonan penukaran daripada program Ijazah Sarjana kepada program Ijazah Kedoktoran; dan

(b) memaklumkan secara bertulis tentang penukaran program pengajian calon hendaklah dikemukakan kepada Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah.

Peperiksaan komprehensif

44. (1) Calon Ijazah Sarjana atau Ijazah Kedoktoran bagi program tertentu

dikehendaki melengkapkan kerja kursus, kerja kursus dan praktikum atau kerja klinikal serta

kajian kes dan/atau penyelidikan yang disyaratkan bagi melayakkan calon tersebut menduduki

peperiksaan komprehensif.

(2) Jawatankuasa kecil peperiksaan komprehensif hendaklah ditubuhkan untuk

mengendalikan semua kerja dan perkara yang berhubung dengan peperiksaan tersebut.

534

BAHAGIAN VII

RAYUAN

Rayuan untuk semak semula keputusan peperiksaan akhir kursus

45. (1) Calon boleh membuat rayuan terhadap keputusan peperiksaan akhir kursus

yang telah diikutinya.

(2) Permohonan rayuan hendaklah dikemukakan secara bertulis kepada Dekan

Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut dalam

tempoh empat (4) minggu dari tarikh surat keputusan rasmi peperiksaan.

(3) Sebarang rayuan yang diterima selepas tempoh yang disebut dalam

subperaturan (2) tidak akan dipertimbangkan.

(4) Setiap rayuan yang dikemukakan hendaklah menyatakan maklumat kursus

yang diminta untuk disemak semula beserta dengan bayaran pemprosesan yang ditetapkan dan

bayaran ini tidak boleh dituntut balik.

(5) Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah yang menerima

permohonan rayuan, akan merujuk rayuan itu kepada Pengerusi Pusat Pengajian/Ketua

Jabatan/Pengarah Institut calon itu untuk menubuhkan panel pemeriksa bagi menyemak

semula keputusan penilaian kursus berkenaan.

(6) Panel pemeriksa hendaklah terdiri daripada sekurang-kurangnya tiga (3) orang

guru Universiti selain pemeriksa asal.

535

(7) Perakuan panel pemeriksa hendaklah dikemukakan bagi pertimbangan

Fakulti/Institut/Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dan keputusan Fakulti/Institut/Pusat

Pengurusan Siswazah adalah tertakluk kepada pengesahan Senat.

(8) Apa-apa keputusan yang dibuat oleh Fakulti/Institut/Pusat Pengurusan

Siswazah menurut Peraturan ini dan disahkan oleh Senat adalah muktamad dan sebarang

rayuan selanjutnya terhadap keputusan tersebut tidak akan dipertimbangkan.

Rayuan untuk semak semula keputusan penilaian peperiksaan lisan

46. (1) Seorang calon yang mengikuti pengajian di bawah perenggan 6(1)(a) boleh

membuat rayuan terhadap keputusan penilaian peperiksaan lisan.

(2) Permohonan rayuan hendaklah dikemukakan secara bertulis kepada Pengarah

Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dalam tempoh empat (4) minggu selepas surat keputusan

peperiksaan rasmi dikeluarkan.



(4) Setiap rayuan hendaklah menyatakan alasan munasabah untuk semakan

semula beserta bayaran pemprosesan yang ditetapkan dan bayaran ini tidak boleh dituntut

balik.

Rayuan untuk meneruskan semula pengajian bagi calon di bawah perenggan 6(1)(b)

dan (c)

536

47. (1) Calon yang mengikuti pengajian di bawah perenggan 6(1)(b) dan (c) dan yang

telah diberhentikan dari pengajian dan diberi status “Gagal dan Diberhentikan Sebab Prestasi

Akademik” boleh mengemukakan rayuan sekiranya memenuhi syarat berikut:

(a) telah menunjukkan peningkatan prestasi akademik iaitu PNGK

meningkat dan mencapai sekurang-kurangnya PNGK 2.90; dan

(b) calon boleh mengulang kursus untuk memperbaiki gred; dan

(c) calon berkemampuan memperolehi PNGK 3.0 selepas mengulangi kursus yang berkenaan.

(2) Setiap rayuan hendaklah dikemukakan kepada Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat

Pengurusan Siswazah dalam tempoh empat (4) minggu dari tarikh surat rasmi keputusan

peperiksaan dikeluarkan.



(4) Setiap rayuan hendaklah disertai dengan bayaran yang ditetapkan dan bayaran

ini tidak boleh dituntut balik.

Rayuan untuk meneruskan semula pengajian bagi calon di bawah perenggan 6(1)(a)

48. (1) Calon di bawah subperaturan (6)(1)(a) yang diberhentikan daripada mengikuti

program pengajian dan diberi status “Gagal dan Diberhentikan Sebab Prestasi Akademik”

boleh merayu untuk meneruskan pengajian tertakluk kepada persetujuan Penyelia

Utama/Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan dan perakuan Fakulti.

537

(2) Setiap rayuan hendaklah dikemukakan kepada Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat

Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah Institut dalam tempoh empat (4) minggu

dari tarikh surat rasmi dikeluarkan berdasarkan Laporan Kemajuan Calon.



(4) Setiap rayuan hendaklah disertai dengan bayaran yang ditetapkan dan bayaran

ini tidak boleh dituntut balik.

(4) Apabila permohonan rayuan diterima, Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah hendaklah memajukan permohonan kepada Pengarah Institut/ Ketua Jabatan/Pengerusi Pusat untuk dipertimbangkan oleh Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah berkenaan.

(6) Tertakluk kepada perakuan Senat, Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah berhak

untuk ─

(a) menerima atau menolak sesuatu rayuan; dan

(b) membuat keputusan terhadap rayuan yang dipertimbangkan.

(7) Setiap keputusan yang dibuat oleh Fakulti/Pusat Pengurusan

Siswazah/Institut adalah muktamad dan sebarang rayuan selanjutnya tidak akan

dipertimbangkan.

Rayuan untuk meneruskan semula pengajian bagi calon di bawah subperaturan

6(1)(d)

49. (1) Calon yang dinyatakan dalam perenggan 6(1)(d) yang diberhentikan dari

mengikuti pengajian di dan diberi status “Gagal dan Diberhentikan Sebab Prestasi Akademik”

boleh merayu untuk meneruskan pengajian dengan perakuan penyelia/Penyelaras

538

Program/Ketua Jabatan tertakluk kepada peningkatan prestasi akademik calon yang

diperakukan oleh Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah.

(2) Tertakluk kepada perakuan Senat, Jawatankuasa Pengajian Siswazah berhak

untuk ─

(a) menerima atau menolak sesuatu rayuan; dan

(b) membuat keputusan terhadap rayuan yang dipertimbangkan;

(3) Setiap keputusan yang dibuat oleh Fakulti/Institut/Pusat Pengurusan

Siswazah adalah muktamad dan sebarang rayuan selanjutnya tidak akan dipertimbangkan.

539

BAHAGIAN VIII

SALAH LAKU PENYELIDIKAN

Salah laku penyelidikan

50. (1) Salah laku penyelidikan adalah perbuatan yang menyalahi etika penyelidikan

seperti memfabrikasi, memalsu atau memplagiat dalam menghasilkan penulisan tesis, disertasi,

laporan projek sarjana, kertas kerja, tugasan dan hasil kajian secara sebahagian atau

sepenuhnya seperti berikut:

(a) fabrikasi adalah perlakuan untuk mewujudkan data, merekod atau melaporkan data/keputusan yang tidak wujud;

(b) pemalsuan adalah perlakuan memanipulasi hasil penyelidikan atau proses atau menukar atau mengeluarkan data keputusan supaya hasil penyelidikan tidak mencerminkan hasil yang sebenarnya;

(c) plagiarism adalah perbuatan mengambil idea, proses, hasil dapatan, penulisan tanpa merujuk sumber rujukan yang asal dan mengakui sebagai hasil kerja sendiri.

(2) Salah laku penyelidikan tidak termasuk kesilapan „bona fide’ atau perbezaan

pendapat.

(3) Calon yang didapati bersalah melakukan salah laku penyelidikan boleh

dikenakan hukuman tatatertib di bawah Kaedah-Kaedah Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

(Tatatertib Pelajar-Pelajar) yang berkuatkuasa atau tindakan lain yang ditetapkan oleh Senat.

540

BAHAGIAN IX

PENGURNIAAN IJAZAH

Syarat pengurniaan ijazah

51. (1) Bagi calon yang mengikuti pengajian di bawah subperaturan 6(1)(a),

hendaklah ─

(a) memenuhi semua kehendak Peraturan-peraturan ini;

(b) lulus pemeriksaan tesis dan peperiksaan lisan;

(c) memenuhi syarat penerbitan yang ditetapkan oleh Fakulti/Pusat

Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Institut;

(d) memenuhi syarat lain yang ditetapkan oleh Fakulti/Institut/Pusat

Pengurusan Siswazah;

(e) memenuhi syarat keperluan Bahasa Melayu bagi pelajar luar negara

seperti yang ditetapkan oleh Universiti;

(f) diperakukan oleh Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan untuk kelulusan Senat;

(g) telah memulangkan semua buku perpustakaan Universiti;

(h) telah menjelaskan segala bayaran yang ditetapkan.

(2) Bagi calon yang mengikuti pengajian di bawah perenggan 6(1)(b) hendaklah ─


(b) mencapai PNGK akhir sekurang-kurangnya 3.00;

541

(c) menyempurnakan bilangan kredit seperti yang ditetapkan program;

(d) memenuhi syarat yang ditetapkan oleh Fakulti/Institut/Pusat


(e) memenuhi syarat keperluan Bahasa Melayu bagi pelajar luar negara


(f) diperakukan oleh Jawatankuasa Pemeriksa Siswazah untuk kelulusan Senat;

(g) telah memulangkan semua buku perpustakaan Universiti;

(h) telah menjelaskan segala bayaran yang ditetapkan.

(3) Bagi calon yang mengikuti pengajian di bawah perenggan 6(1)(c) hendaklah ─


(b) memenuhi keperluan komponen kursus dan komponen penyelidikan

seperti yang ditetapkan program;

(c) memenuhi syarat lain yang ditetapkan oleh Fakulti/Institut/Pusat


(d) memenuhi syarat keperluan Bahasa Melayu bagi pelajar luar negara


(e) diperakukan oleh Jawatankuasa Peperiksaan Lisan untuk kelulusan Senat;

(f) telah memulangkan semua buku perpustakaan Universiti;

(g) telah menjelaskan segala bayaran yang ditetapkan.

542

(4) Bagi calon yang mengikuti pengajian di bawah perenggan 6(1)(d) hendaklah

─


(b) lulus semua peperiksaan yang ditetapkan oleh program;

(c) memenuhi syarat keperluan Bahasa Melayu bagi pelajar luar negara seperti yang ditetapkan oleh Universiti;

(d) memenuhi keperluan yang ditetapkan oleh Fakulti/Institut/Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah;

(e) diperakukan oleh Jawatankuasa Pemeriksa Siswazah untuk kelulusan Senat;

(f) telah memulangkan semua buku perpustakaan Universiti;

(g) telah menjelaskan segala bayaran yang ditetapkan.

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BAHAGIAN X

AM

Pemberhentian calon

52. (1) Senat berhak untuk mengambil tindakan yang wajar termasuk menggantung

atau memberhentikan seseorang calon pada bila-bila masa jika calon didapati ─

(a) memberi maklumat palsu berkenaan kemasukannya atau sepanjang tempoh pengajiannya atau bagi tujuan mendapatkan Ijazah;

(b) dalam keadaan ketidakupayaan mental atau fizikal;

(c) menghubungi atau menganggu atau mengancam Pemeriksa Luar dan/atau Pemeriksa Dalam berhubung dengan penilaian tesisnya;

(d) gagal mengekalkan prestasi akademik yang baik sepertimana yang

ditetapkan Universiti;

(e) melakukan salah laku penyelidikan;

(f) melebihi tempoh pengajian yang dibenarkan di bawah subperaturan

7(6).

(2) Setiap calon adalah tertakluk kepada Akta Universiti dan Kolej Universiti

1971, Perlembagaan Universiti Kebangsan Malaysia, kaedah-kaedah dan peraturan-peraturan

lain yang berkuatkuasa atau terpakai termasuk Kaedah-Kaedah Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia (Tatatertib Pelajar-Pelajar) 1999, Dasar Harta Intelek Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

dan Dasar Etika Integriti Penerbitan dan Penulisan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

544

Pelajar Tanpa Ijazah

53. Dekan Fakulti/Pengarah Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah dengan perakuan Pengarah

Institut diberi kuasa untuk menerima masuk seseorang sebagai Pelajar Tanpa Ijazah tertakluk

kepada syarat yang ditetapkan oleh Fakulti/Institut/Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah.

Garis panduan

54. (1) Fakulti/Institut/Pusat Pengurusan Siswazah boleh membuat apa-apa garis

panduan, sebagaimana perlu bagi maksud melaksanakan peruntukan Peraturan ini.

(2) Sekiranya terdapat apa-apa percanggahan di antara garis panduan dan

Peraturan ini, peruntukan garis panduan yang bercanggah itu hendaklah terbatal setakat

percanggahan itu.

Pemakaian

55. Melainkan dengan jelasnya dinyatakan, tiap-tiap permohonan dan rayuan berkaitan

yang dibuat di bawah Peraturan-peraturan ini hendaklah dikemukakan kepada Pengarah Pusat

Pengurusan Siswazah melalui Penyelia atau Pengerusi Jawatankuasa Penyeliaan atau Pengerusi

Jawatankuasa Siswazah atau Pengarah Institut atau Pengerusi Pusat Pengajian atau Ketua

Jabatan atau Dekan Fakulti yang berkenaan.

Permulaan kuatkuasa

56. Peraturan-peraturan ini dan semua tafsiran mengenainya yang dibuat oleh Senat dari

semasa ke semasa hendaklah berkuatkuasa terhadap semua calon berdaftar pada dan selepas

tarikh berkuatkuasa peraturan-oeraturan ini.

545

Kuasa Senat

57. Senat mempunyai kuasa untuk membuat, membatal atau meminda mana-mana

peraturan yang meliputi program ijazah sebagaimana yang diperuntukkan dalam Peraturan-

peraturan ini.

Pemansuhan

58. Akta Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian Siswazah) 1984, (Pindaan 2005) dan

Peraturan-Peraturan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian Siswazah) adalah

dimansuhkan.

Dibuat pada 28 OGOS 2011

Senat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

546

SENARAI PINDAAN

1. Akta Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian siswazah) Dan Peraturan-

peraturan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian Siswazah) 1984.

Dibuat oleh Senat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia pada 1984

2. Akta Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian siswazah) Dan Peraturan-

Peraturan Universiti Kebangsan Malaysia (Pengajian siswazah) 1984

(Pindaan 2005)

Dibuat oleh Senat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia pada 19 Januari 2005

3. Peraturan-peraturan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (Pengajian Siswazah)

2011

Dibuat oleh Senat Universiti Kebangsan Malaysia pada 28 Ogos 2011.

547

Ahli Jawatankuasa Penerbitan Buku Panduan Siswazah

Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi

Sesi Akademik 2014-2015

Pengerusi Prof. Dr. Mohd Salmi Md. Noorani

Ahli Jawatankuasa

Pusat Pengajian Biosains dan Bioteknologi Prof. Madya Dr. Nazlina Bt. Ibrahim

Pusat Pengajian Fizik Gunaan Prof. Madya Dr. Noor Baa’yah Bt. Ibrahim

Dr. Irman B. Abd. Rahman

Pusat Pengajian Sains Kimia dan Teknologi Makanan Prof. Madya Dr. Sahilah Bt. Abd. Mutalib Prof. Madya Dr. wan Aida Wan Mustapha

Prof. Madya Dr. Khairiah Badri

Pusat Pengajian Sains Matematik Prof. Madya Dr. Abdul Ghafur Ahmad

Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam Prof. Madya Dr. Wan Zuhairi Wan Yaacob

Urus Setia Puan Noor Hayati Ahmad Rasol

Cik Iza Nur Fitriana Bt. Mohd Nor

548

falsafah, misi, wawasan dan matlamat fst

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