DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING (CAL)

FOR ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC STUDIES (EEES):

ELECTROMAGNETISM

LOH KIONG SOON

UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MALAYSIA

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA

BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS JUDUL : �

SESI PENGAJIAN : 2007/2008 Saya LOH KIONG SOON

mengaku membenarkan tesis (PSM/Sarjana/Doktor Falsafah)* ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut : 1. Tesis adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan

pengajian sahaja. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi

pengajian tinggi. 4. ** Sila tandakan ( √ )

SULIT (Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972). TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh

organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan).

√ TIDAK TERHAD

Disahkan oleh

(TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (TANDATANGAN PENYELIA) Alamat Tetap :

Tarikh: 2 Mei 2008 Tarikh: 2 Mei 2008

CATATAN * Potong yang tidak berkenaan.

** Jenis tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh tesis ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD.

♦ Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah Doktor Falsafah dan Sarjana secara penyelidikan atau disertasi bagi pengajian secara kerja kursus dan penyelidikan atau Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM).

♦

PSZ 19:16(Pind. 1/97)

DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING (CAL) FOR

ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC STUDIES (EEES): ELECTROMAGNETISM

(HURUF BESAR)

EN. MOHAMAD ABDILLAH ROYO

Nama Penyelia

40 JALAN GETAH, 96100 SARIKEI, SARAWAK.

DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING (CAL)

FOR ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC STUDIES (EEES):

ELECTROMAGNETISM

LOH KIONG SOON

This thesis is submitted as a partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology and Education (Electrical Engineering)

FACULTY OF EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MALAYSIA

2008

SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATION

“I declared that I have read this thesis entitled

“Development of a Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) For

Electric and Electronic Studies (EEES): Electromagnetism”

and from my point of view, the scope and the quality of thesis have fulfilled the partial

requirements needs for the award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology and Education (Electrical Engineering)”

Signature : .................................................................

Supervisor : Mr. Mohamad Abdillah Royo

Date : 2 May 2008

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STUDENT’S DECLARTION

“I declared that this thesis entitled

“Development of a Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) For

Electric and Electronic Studies (EEES): Electromagnetism”

is the result of my own research except as cited in references.

The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in

candidature of any degree.”

Signature : ...............................................

Name of Candidate : Loh Kiong Soon

Date : 2 May 2008

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To

Almighty GOD,

mom, brothers and sisters

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am glad to have this chance to indicate my appreciation to my supervisor

Mr. Mohamad Abdillah Royo, for purposing this research topic, for his moral

support and guidance throughout the project development process, and for his

impressive integrity and academic responsibility.

I would like to thank my course mates and friends without whom I would not

success to complete my project in time. Thanks for the sincere help, cares and

comments that encourage me a lot in the period of development.

I am feeling deeply grateful to my mom for her support: and thanks to my

brothers and sisters.

Lastly, I thank God for giving me good health, strong will and faith to

complete this thesis.

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ABSTRACT

For the past 50 years, computers have had a profound effect on human and

have advanced our lives in immeasurable ways, especially in educational field. This

research is carried out with the aim to develop Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)

multimedia software in Electromagnetism. This software is aimed for Form 4

students who are taking subject Electrical and Electronic Engineering Studies (EEES)

or for teachers who are teaching this subject. The interactive multimedia software

presents information to users through the variety of media such as animation, audio,

video, hypertext or hotspot. It allow the users to participate and control information

with the navigational interface includes the functions move forward and backward

one screen at a time within the lesson, jump to lessons of interest and learn related

information on topics that are presented. This software is packaged into a compact

disc (CD) for playback purpose. Major programs used in developing this multimedia

software were Macromedia Authorware 7.0, Macromedia Flash MX, Adobe

Photoshop CS2, Sound Editor and MPEG Editor. This multimedia software with

attractive presentation can benefit students. The users can learn theories, principles,

application and extra knowledge of Electromagnetism after exploring this software.

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ABSTRAK

Sejak lima puluh tahun yang lalu, komputer telah memberi pengaruh yang

besar kepada manusia dan mempertingkatkan mutu hidip manusia dalam pelbagai

bidang, terutamanya dalam bidang pendidikan. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk

membangunkan suatu perisian multimedia Pembelajaran Berbantukan Komputer

(PBK) bertajuk Keelekromagnetan. Perisian ini ditujukan kepada pelajar-pelajar

yang mengambil mata pelajaran Pengajian Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik

(PKEE) ataupun guru-guru yang mengajar mata pelajaran ini. Perisian ini

mengabungkan pelbagai media seperti animasi, audio, video, hypertext atau hotspot

untuk mempersembahkan maklumat dengan berkesan. Perisian ini juga

membenarkan pengguna untuk turut serta dalam mengawal maklumat dengan

menggunakan antaramuka navigasi seperti fungsi mara dan berundur, kemudahan

mencapai topik yang diminati dan belajar maklumat yang berkaitan. Perisian ini

dipakejkan ke dalam cakera padat untuk kemudahan dimainkan semula. Perisian

utama yang digunakan untuk menbangunkan perisian multimedia ini adalah

Macromedia Authorware 7.0, Macromedia Flash MX, Adobe Photoshop CS2, Sound

Editor dan MPEG Editor. Persembahan yang menarik di dalam perisian multimedia

ini dapat memberi manfaat kepada pengguna. Mereka dapat mempelajari teori-teori,

prinsip-prinsip, applikasi dan pengetahuan tambahan yang berkaitan dengan

Keelektromagnetan selepas menerokai perisian ini.

TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER TITLE PAGE

TITLE

SUPERVISOR’S CERTIFICATION

STUDENT’S DECLARATION

DEDICATION

ACKN OWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

ABSTRAK

TABLE OF CONTENT

NOMENCLATURE

LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF APPENDICES

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Background of the Problem

1.3 Statement of the Problem

1.4 Objectives of the Project

1.5 Rationale of the Project

1.6 Important of the Project

1.7 Scope of the Project

1.8 Operational Definitions

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1.8.1 Multimedia

1.8.2 Computer Assisted Learning (CAL)

1.8.3 Electromagnetism

1.8.4 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Studies (EEES)

1.8.5 CD-ROM

1.8.6 Text

1.8.7 Graphic

1.8.8 Audio

1.8.9 Video

1.8.10 Animation

1.9 Conclusion

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 Introduction

2.2 History of Computer Assisted Learning

2.3 Advantages of Computer Assisted Learning

2.3.1 Advantages for Students

2.3.2 Advantages for Teachers

2.3.3 Advantages for Schools

2.4 Disadvantages of Computer Assisted Learning

2.4.1 Disadvantages for Students

2.4.2 Disadvantages for Teachers

2.4.3 Disadvantages for Schools

2.5 Learning Theory

2.5.1 Behaviorisms Learning Theory

2.5.2 Cognitive Learning Theory

2.5.3 Constructivism Learning Theory

2.6 Multimedia Elements

2.6.1 Text

2.6.2 Graphic

2.6.3 Audio

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2.6.4 Video

2.6.5 Animation

2.7 Software Design Model

2.7.1 ADDIE Model

2.8 Conclusion

3 COMPUTER ASSISTER LEARNING DESIGN

3.1 Introduction

3.2 Software Development and Process

3.2.1 Analysis phase

3.2.2 Design Phase

3.2.3 Development

3.2.4 Implementation

3.2.5 Evaluation

3.3 Learning Theory

3.4 Selection Software Selection

3.5 Hardware Selection

3.6 Conclusion

4 COMPUTER ASSISTER LEARNING DEVELOPMENT

4.1 Introduction

4.2 Basic of the Software

4.2.1 Starter Display

4.2.2 Registration Display

4.2.3 Name Confirmation Display

4.2.4 Objective of Lesson Display

4.2.5 Main Menu Display

4.2.6 Lesson Display

4.2.7 Lesson Topic Display

4.2.8 Display of Do You Know?

4.2.9 Quiz Display

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4.2.10 Objective Quiz Display

4.2.11 Subjective Quiz Display

4.2.12 Quiz Result Display

4.2.13 Activities Display

4.2.14 Flash or Video Clip Display

4.2.15 Glossary Display

4.2.16 About Display

4.2.17 Exit Display

4.3 Components in the Software

4.3.1 Text

4.3.2 Graphic

4.3.3 Audio

4.3.4 Video

4.3.5 Animation

4.4 CAL Packaging

4.5 Conclusion

5 COMPUTER ASSISTER LEARNING DEVELOPMENT

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Problems and Ways to Overcome During Development

5.2.1 Lack of Skills and Knowledge

5.2.2 Short of Time

5.2.3 Lack of Sources

5.2.4 Technical Disruption

5.3 Strength and Weakness of the Software

5.3.1 Strength of the Software

5.3.2 Weakness of the Software

5.4 Suggestions

5.4.1 Focus a Sub Topic

5.4.2 Induction Set and Learning Outcome Evaluation

5.4.3 Provide Quality Video Clips

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5.5 Conclusion

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

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LIST OF NOMENCLATURES

ADDIE Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation

CAL Computer Assisted Learning

CPU Central Processing Unit

CD Compact Disc

CD-ROM Compact Disc-Read Only Memory

UTM University Technology Malaysia

EEES Electrical and Electronic Studies

ID Instructional Design

IT Information Technology

KPM Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia

MOE Ministry of Education Malaysia

MSC Multimedia Super Corridor

RAM Random Access Memory

T&L Teaching and Learning

T&V Technical and Vocational

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LIST OF FIGURES

NO.FIGURE TITLE PAGE

4.1 Starter Display

4.2 Registration Display

4.3 Name Confirmation Display

4.4 Lesson Objective Display

4.5 Main Menu Display

4.6 Lesson Display

4.7 Lesson Topic Display

4.8 Display of Do You Know?

4.9 Quiz Display

4.10 Objective Quiz Display

4.11 Subjective Quiz Display

4.12 Quiz Result Display

4.13 Activities Display

4.14 Flash or Video Clip Display

4.15 Glossary Display

4.16 About Display

4.17 Exit Display

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LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX TITLE PAGE

1 Software Flowchart

2 Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) Evaluation Form 61

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Malaysia is guided by Vision 2020, which states that the country should have

a fully developed, matured and knowledge rich society at the day. In order to achieve

the Vision, Malaysia has an ambitious plan to embrace the Information Age and

become a leader in information and multimedia technology. New directions have

once again been set for the future prosperity of the country. Malaysia Plan which

comes out every 5 years is a pillar for country development. Information Technology

(IT) is one of the fields included.

The usage of computer technology in education is not a new thing but already

exist at eastern country like America and Europe since 1960. Advances in

information and computer technology have transformed the people live, work,

communicate, and learn (Mustafa Koc, 2005). For the last decades, computer

technology has been playing an important role in amplifying the expectation of

indispensable skills for making a successful career in the future workplace. In

education content, it is not only can help in management tasks but also have potential

as a tool to coloring all subjects teaching and learning (T&L) environment. Computer

technology had integrated in Malaysia school curriculums as an exertion to sow and

encourage positive desire and attitude in technology development. School culture

must change from just depend memory education to high thinking, creative and

sympathetic by using the latest technology (KPM, 1997).

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By year 2013, Malaysia estimate will have around 8,000 Smart Schools. At

that time, students and teachers are not need to bring school bags or heavy books to

school anymore, they just need bring CD, pen drive or computer hard disk go to

school in T&L progress. As mention before, computer is an efficient education tools.

This is because it can integrate animation, audio, video together with T&L contents.

The usage of education software is a good method to make students easier to

understand in learning. We can notices that this method has high effectiveness with

traditional method.

1.2 Background of the Problem

Education in Malaysia is a continuously learning progress to construct a

human being which is balance and harmonic in intellectual, spiritual, emotional, and

physicality. Education must always blooming along with new age and the latest

technology. Government had been launching Smart School due it. Smart school is

equipped with technology which can improve education system in Malaysia and

prepare skilful man power to face tomorrow challenges.

Teachers are responsible in educating a generation that can contribute to our

future nation and country. Nowadays, many teachers still are use traditional teaching

methods which use chalk and black board. The teaching methodology used such as

pure lecture by teacher in the front and the students sit and listen at the back is lack

of variety in the presentation (Mckinney & Yoos, 1998). Traditional teaching

methods already were not suitable for today’s students. In a sense, T&L only flows

in a linear fashion (Grasha, 1997). They are not interest with teacher’s center style

which has much limitation in T&L progress. Both tasks pose problems to teachers

who are used to follow traditional teaching methods so far (Manfred, 2003).

Besides, traditional teaching method such as the talk and chalk technique, and

classroom lecture, might only allow limited amount of information to send from

lecturers to students. This is because it is depend on knowledge acquired by lecturers

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(Noriah Ishak, 2003). This statement show that no all teachers can competent all

topics taught. The more knowledge the lecturer acquires; the more information will

be disseminated to the students (Rosseni, 2003).

Traditional classroom also provides limited space for learning. Students can

only interact among their course mates and the teacher who teach them (Aidah,

2003). This space can only be expanded if the students themselves take the initiative

to interact with people outside the learning boundary. Nowadays, class room

accentuation is changed from teacher center to student center. To make T&L

effective, teachers can not just play role like a sage on the stage but more suitable as

a guide by the side (King Alison, 2005). Today’s students are described as open and

accepting, multi-taskers, curious, willing to experiment, fiercely independent,

capable of thinking and investigating, self-reliant, assertive discovery learners,

extensive users of technology and prepared to learn any where, any time. While a

part of the class may involve the teacher demonstrating, explaining or lecturing,

important segments of classroom time must take into account the changing nature of

students and their expectations (Nancy, 2006).

Computer Assisted Learning can be defined as a computer program or file

developed specifically for educational purposes Progress teaching and learning are

more effective by using computer software (Charles E. Townsend). Therefore,

emphasizes computer learning system in electromagnetism should be given to

improve teachers and students and supervise this topic. Therefore, the usage of

Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) software is an intelligent methodology to

overcome T&L problems. The CAL software will integrate text, visual, audio, and

animation then can more clarify the content. In order to make a lesson smoothly and

achieve its objectives, teachers should find alternatives way to let the students learn

though it that won’t take too much time. The CAL software enable the students

explore their knowledge according to what they wish for actively. Students will

always teach themselves better than the world’s best trainers. Computer technology

allows a learner to be his or her own teacher (Schank, 2002).

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1.3 Statement of the Problem

Electromagnetism is an important topic in subject Electrical and Electronic

Engineering Studies (EEES) but this topic is very hard to understand well because it

is too theoretical and abstract. Traditional teaching method using lecture in class

won’t help the students to understand thoroughly.

This project is aimed to designed and develop software that will bring the

user close to the Electromagnetism with graphic, audio, video, animation and so on.

This will equipped up students with more knowledge then supervise this topic.

1.4 Objectives of the Project

The objectives of this project are as below:

i. To develop a software for the topic of Electromagnetism.

ii. To develop interactive software to fulfill needs of subject EEES and all

technical school.

iii. To integrated multimedia application for students in order help them to

understand the topic better.

iv. To evaluate effectiveness of the software.

1.5 Rationale of the Project

Computer is very important to us in daily life. Computers are greater

importance in school based learning within the next 10 years (Henry, 2001). So, it is

very important that we must integrated teaching with computer technology. This

topic had been choosing is because it has great potential and useful in engineering

field. An electrical engineer or mechanical engineers need knowledge of

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electromagnetism as an elementary need. By this knowledge, they are able to solve

problems for future career.

Further more, government had prepared a lots of facilities to school for

computerization T&L. Million of Ringgit Malaysia are to spend to provide the IT

infrastructures and develop CAL software. CAL software can make T&L more

efficient and flexible. Topic Electromagnetism has a lots of abstract concepts are

difficult to understand and bored by using traditional teaching style which just use

oral and text. CAL enable the students construct their knowledge through meaningful

experience that had go through. Therefore, students are more motivated to learn this

topic then can more confidents and supervise this topic.

1.6 Important of the Project

This project prepared a suitable and efficient teaching method for technical

and vocational (T&V) teachers to teach topic Electromagnetism. It helps teachers to

master generic skills and build up students confident from their lesson.

By learning through the learning from this project, students can understand

the topic of electromagnetism and able to join with daily live. Students can repeat

learning progress any time and not limit by time and equipments. The software also

will give accurate explanation and will not change or depend on teacher’s knowledge,

experience and skills. Thus, it can help students to master this topic. As a result, they

can supervise it and more confidents in subject EEES.

This project also contributes to Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE). This

project may used as a reference for MOE to produce an effective T&L strategy in

studying Electromagnetism.