daftar pustaka - diponegoro university |...
TRANSCRIPT
49
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Kemendag. Kemendag Mendorong Masyarakat Untuk Beralih Dari Minyak
Goreng Curah Ke Minyak Goreng Kemasan. www.kemendag.go.id.
Published 2013.
2. Ng C, Kamisah Y, Faizah O, et al. Involvement of Inflammation and
Adverse Vascular Remodelling in the Blood Pressure Raising Effect of
Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil in Rats. 2012.
3. Martin J, Joffre F, Vernevaut M. Biochemical and Molecular Action of
Nutrients Cyclic Fatty Acid Monomers from Heated Oil Modify the
Activities of Lipid Synthesizing and Oxidizing Enzymes in Rat Liver 1 , 2.
2000:1524-1530.
4. Adam S, Das S, Jaarin K. A Detailed Microscopic Study of The Changes in
The Aorta of Experimental Model of Postmenopausal Rats Fed with
Repeatedly Heated Palm Oil. Int J Exp Pathol. 2009;90(3):321-327.
5. Leong X, Aishah A, Nor AU, Das S, Jaarin K. Heated Palm Oil Causes
Rise in Blood Pressure and Cardiac Changes in Heart Muscle in
Experimental Rats. Acheives Med Res. 2008;39(6):567-572.
6. Goodman LS, Gilman A. Dasar Farmakologi Terapi. X. (Hardman JG,
Limbird LE, Aisyah C, eds.). Jakarta: ECG; 2012.
7. Wilmana PF, Gunawan SG. Analgesik-Antipiretik Analgesik Anti-Inflamasi
Nonsteroid Dan Obat Gangguan Sendi Lainnya. Dalam: Farmakologi Dan
Terapi. V. Jakarta: Balai Penerbit FKUI; 2007.
8. Pompella A, Visvikis A, Paolicchi A, Tata V, Casini A. The Changing
50
Faces of Glutathione, A Cellular Protagonist. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003;66
(8):1499-1503.
9. Ulilalbab A. Aktivitas Antioksidan Tablet Effervescent Rosella Ungu
Sebagai Suplement Penghambat Laju Peroksidasi Melalui Pengujian In
Vivo. PKM-P. 2010.
10. Qinna NA, Mallah EM, Arafat TA, Idkaidek NM. Effect Of Licorice and
Grapefruit Juice on Paracetamol Pharmacokinetics in Human Saliva. Int J
Pharm Pharm Sci. 2012;4(4):158-162.
11. Barshop NJ, Capparelli E V, Sirlin CB, Jeffrey B, Lavine JE.
Acetaminophen Pharmacokinetics in Children with Nonalcoholic Fatty
Liver Disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2012;52(2):198-202.
12. Kumdi BV, Kolawole JA, Apeh E. The Effect of Yoyo Bitters on The
Pharmacokinetics of Single Oral Dose Paracetamol Tablet in Human
Volunteers. Int J Biol Chem Sci. 2011;5:717-723.
13. Pradana DA, Hayati F, Samudra AG, Setya A. Effect of Curcumin and
Honey to Pharmacokinetics of Paracetamol in Male Wistar Rats. Eksakta.
2013;12(1):193.
14. Simaremare P, Andrie M, Bambang Wijianto. Effect of Durian Fruit Juice
(Durio zibethinus Murr.) to Pharmacokinetic Profile of Paracetamol on
Wistar Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). Tradit Med J. 2013;18(3):178-
186.
15. Ketaren S. Minyak Dan Lemak Pangan. Jakarta: Penerbit Universitas
Indonesia; 2005.
51
16. Sartika RAD. Pengaruh Suhu dan Lama Proses Menggoreng (Deep Frying)
Terhadap Pembentukan Asam Lemak Trans. Markara Sains. 2009;13:23-
28.
17. Lestari P. Pemanfaatan Minyak Goreng Jelantah Pada Pembuatan Sabun
Cuci Piring. Tesis. 2010.
18. Rukmini A. Regenerasi Minyak Goreng Bekas dengan Arang Sekam
Menekan Kerusakan Organ Tubuh. Semin Nas Teknol 2007 (SNT 2007).
2007:1978-9777.
19. Mulyati S, Meilina H. Pemurnian Minyak Jelantah dengan Menggunakan
Sari Mengkudu. 2007. http://222.124.186.229/gdl40/go.php?id=gdlnode-
gdl-res-2007-srimulyati-1082&node-3517&start=6 .
20. Oktaviani ND. Hubungan Lamanya Pemanasan dengan Kerusakan Minyak
Goreng Curah Ditinjau dari Bilangan Peroksida. J Biomedika. 2009;1:31-
34.
21. Lee J, Lee S, Lee H, Park K, Choe E. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) as A
Natural Food Grade Antioxidant in Deep Fat Fried Products. J Agric Food
Chem. 2002;50:5664-5669.
22. Herawati, Akhlus S. Kinerja (Bht) sebagai Antioksidan Minyak Sawit pada
Perlindungan terhadap Oksidasi Oksigen Singlet. Akta Kim. 2006;2:1-8.
23. Azeredo HMC, Faria JAF, Silva. Minimization of Proxide Formation Rate
in Soybean Oil by Antioxidant Combinations. Food Res Int. 2004;37:689-
694.
24. Yustinah. Pengaruh Massa Absorben Chitin pada Penurunan Kadar Asam
52
Lemak Bebas (FFA), Bilangan Peroksida, dan Warna Gelap Minyak
Goreng Bekas. Semin Nas Tek Kim Indones – SNTKI 2009. 2009:1-14.
25. Ghidurus M, Turtoi M, Boskou G, Niculita P, Stan V. Nutritional and
Health Aspects Related to Frying. Rom Biotechnol Lett. 2010;15(6).
26. Castillo’n PG, Artalejo FR, Fornés NS, et al. Intake of Fried Foods is
Associated with Obesity in The Cohort of Spanish Adults from The
European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Am J Clin
Nutr. 2007;86:198-205.
27. Koch A, KÖnig B, Spielmann J, Leitner A, Stang GL, Eder K. Thermally
Oxidized Oil Increases the Expression of Insulin-Induced Genes and
Inhibits Activation of Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein-2 in Rat
Liver. J Nutr Biochem Mol Genet Mech. 2007;137:2018-2023.
28. Toussaint K, Yang XC, Zielinski MA, et al. What Do We (Not) Know
About How Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) Works? J Clin Pharm Ther.
2010:617-638. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01143.x.
29. Liudmila LM, Sangkuhl K, Caroline FT, Garret AF, Russ BA, Teri EK.
PharmGKB Summary: Pathways of Acetaminophen Metabolism at The
Therapeutic Versus Toxic Doses. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2015.
30. Katzung BG. Farmakologi: Dasar Dan Klinik Buku 2. I. Jakarta: Salemba
Medika; 2002.
31. Ubaldo C, Hall NS, Le B. Postmarketing Review of Intravenous
Acetaminophen Dosing Based on Food and Drug Administration
Prescribing Guidelines. Pharmacother Publ. 2014;34:34-39.
53
32. Parkinson A. Biotransformation of Xenobiotics. V. (Klaassen C, ed.). New
York: McGraw-Hill; 1996.
33. Gibson G. Introduction to Drug Metabolism. II. London: Blackie
Academics and Professional; 1994.
34. Mitchell R, McGill, Jaeschke H. Metabolism And Disposition of
Acetaminophen: Recent Advances in Relation to Hepatotoxicity and
Diagnosis. Pharm Res. 2013;30(9):2174-2187.
35. Short Communication. Involvement of Human Cytochrome P450 2D6 in
The Bioactivation of Acetaminophen. 2000;28(12):1397-1400.
36. Winarsi H. Antioksidan Alami Dan Radikal Bebas: Potensi Dan
Aplikasinya Dalam Kesehatan. V. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Kanisius; 2011.
37. Tjay TH, Rahardja K. Obat-Obat Penting : Khasiat, Penggunaan, Dan
Efek-Efek Sampingnya. VI. Jakarta: Penerbit PT. Elex Media Komputindo;
2002.
38. Katzung BG. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XII. New York: McGraw-
Hill; 2011.
39. WHO. Research Guideliness For Evaluating The Safety and Efficacy of
Herbal Medicines. Manila: Regional Office for The Western Pasific; 2003.
40. Leong X-F, Mustafa MR, Das S, Jaarin K. Association of Elevated Blood
Pressure and Impaired Vasorelaxation in Experimental Sprague-Dawley
Rats Fed with Heated Vegetable Oil. Lipids Health Dis. 2010;9(66):1-10.
41. Farmakope Indonesia. Daftar Dosis Lazim Dan Dosis Maksimum. III.
Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia; 1979.
54
42. Laurence DR, Bacharach AL. Evaluation of Drug Activities:
Pharmacometrics, Ed. by D.R. Laurence and A.L. Bacharach. London:
Academic Press; 1964.
43. Rusdiana T, Sjuib F, Asyarie S. Interaksi Farmakokinetik Kombinasi Obat
Parasetamol dan Fenilpropanolamin Hidroklorida sebagai Komponen Obat
Flu. Skripsi. 2009:2-4.
44. Depkes RI. Farmakope Indonesia. IV. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan
Republik Indonesia; 1995.
45. Sarwono J. Pintar Menulis Karya Ilmiah Kunci Sukses Dalam Menulis
Ilmiah. Yogyakarta: CV. Andi OFFSET; 2010.
46. Hakim L. Farmakokinetik. Yogyakarta: Bursa Ilmu; 2010.
47. Slattery JT, Wilson JM, BS TFK, Nelson SD. Dose-dependent
pharmacokinetics of acetaminophen: Evidence of glutathione depletion in
humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1987;41(4):413-418.
48. Forrest JAH, Clements JA, Prescott LF. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of
Paracetamol. Springer Int Publ. 1982;7(2):93-107.
55
Lampiran 1. Ethical clearance
56
Lampiran 2. Surat ijin penelitian Laboratorium Hewan Coba FK UNDIP
57
Lampiran 3. Surat ijin penelitian Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi FK
UGM
58
Lampiran 4. Surat keterangan bebas Laboratorium Hewan Coba FK UNDIP
59
Lampiran 5. Surat keterangan bebas Laboratorium Farmakologi dan Terapi
FK UGM
60
Lampiran 6. Tabel konversi perhitungan dosis
TABEL KONVERSI PERHITUNGAN DOSIS LAURENCE & BACHARACH42
Mencit
20 gr
Tikus
200 gr
Marmot
400 gr
Kelinci
2 kg
Kucing
2 kg
Kera
4 kg
Anjing
12 kg
Manusia
70 kg
Mencit
20 gr
1.0 7.0 12.25 27.8 29.7 64.1 124.2 387.9
Tikus
200 gr
0.14 1.0 1.74 3.9 4.2 9.2 17.8 56.0
Marmot
400 gr
0.08 0.57 1.0 2.25 2.4 5.2 10.2 31.5
Kelinci
1,5 kg
0.04 0.25 0.44 1.0 1.08 2.4 4.5 14.2
Kucing
2 kg
0.03 0.23 0.41 0.92 1.0 2.2 4.1 13.0
Kera
4 kg
0.016 0.11 0.19 0.42 0.45 1.0 1.9 6.1
Anjing
12 kg
0.008 0.06 0.1 0.22 0.24 0.52 1.0 3.1
Manusia
70 kg
0.0026 0.018 0.031 0.07 0.076 0.16 0.32 1.0
61
Lampiran 7. Berat badan tikus dan rerata sisa pakan perlakuan
1. Berat badan tikus
No. Kelompok Berat Dosis
1 K1 233 gram 1,45 mL
2 K2 189 gram 1,18 mL
3 K3 249 gram 1,55 mL
4 K4 217 gram 1,36 mL
5 K5 176 gram 1,1 mL
6 P1 255 gram 1,59 mL
7 P2 211 gram 1,31 mL
8 P3 274 gram 1,71 mL
9 P4 300 gram 1,87 mL
10 P5 257 gram 1,60 mL
2. Rerata sisa pakan perlakuan
No. Kelompok Rerata sisa pakan
1 P1 2,83 gram
2 P2 3,38 gram
3 P3 2,36 gram
4 P4 1,87 gram
5 P5 2,78 gram
62
Lampiran 8. Absorbansi parasetamol pada darah tikus
1. Absorbansi parasetamol pada darah kelompok kontrol
Menit
ke-
Kelompok
K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 Rerata
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0,499 0,523 0,497 0,613 0,539 0,534
5 0,808 0,836 0,833 0,857 0,854 0,838
10 0,927 0,927 0,957 0,732 0,937 0,896
20 0,975 1,141 0,923 1,133 1,169 1,068
30 1,112 1,001 1,124 1,008 1,014 1,052
40 1,078 0,943 0,914 0,940 0,953 0,966
60 0,892 0,895 0,783 0,926 0,920 0,883
90 0,830 0,843 0,829 0,840 0,863 0,841
120 0,735 0,749 0,869 0,770 0,765 0,778
180 0,651 0,671 0,671 0,766 0,699 0,692
240 0,499 0,496 0,466 0,512 0,526 0,500
300 0,402 0,426 0,419 0,469 0,466 0,436
360 0,190 0,219 0,189 0,172 0,226 0,199
2. Absorbansi parasetamol pada darah kelompok perlakuan
Menit
ke-
Kelompok
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 Rerata
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 0,849 0,835 0,816 0,829 0,837 0,833
5 1,059 1,037 1,069 1,041 1,193 1,080
10 1,156 1,193 1,289 1,166 1,041 1,169
20 1,344 1,293 1,139 1,331 1,337 1,289
30 1,318 1,314 1,315 1,326 1,307 1,316
40 1,286 1,277 1,277 1,270 1,294 1,281
60 1,257 1,239 1,270 1,255 1,276 1,259
90 1,156 1,145 1,162 0,934 1,143 1,108
120 1,052 1,022 1,011 1,072 1,030 1,037
180 0,906 0,931 0,881 0,934 1,109 0,952
240 0,859 0,812 0,842 1,118 0,859 0,898
300 0,730 0,763 0,731 0,738 0,765 0,745
360 0,462 0,455 0,425 0,435 0,452 0,446
63
Lampiran 9. Kadar parasetamol pada darah tikus
1. Kadar parasetamol pada darah kelompok kontrol
Menit
ke-
Kadar
K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 Rerata
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 16,871 17,663 16,805 20,634 18,191 18,033
5 27,069 27,993 27,894 28,686 28,587 28,046
10 30,980 30,997 31,987 24,561 31,327 29,970
20 32,581 38,059 30,865 37,795 38,983 35,657
30 37,102 33,439 37,498 33,670 33,868 35,116
40 35,980 31,525 30,568 31,426 31,855 32,271
60 29,842 29,941 26,244 30,964 30,766 29,551
90 27,795 28,224 27,762 28,125 28,884 28,158
120 24,660 25,122 29,083 25,815 25,650 26,066
180 21,888 22,548 22,548 25,683 23,472 23,228
240 16,871 16,772 15,782 17,300 17,762 16,898
300 13,670 14,462 14,231 15,881 15,782 14,805
360 6,673 7,630 6,640 6,079 7,861 6,977
2. Kadar parasetamol pada darah kelompok perlakuan
Menit
ke-
Kadar
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 Rerata
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 28,422 27,960 27,333 27,762 28,026 27,901
5 35,353 34,627 35,683 34,759 39,776 36,040
10 38,554 39,776 42,944 38,884 34,759 38,983
20 44,759 43,076 37,993 44,330 44,528 42,937
30 43,901 43,769 43,802 44,165 43,538 43,835
40 42,845 42,548 42,548 42,317 43,109 42,673
60 41,888 41,294 42,317 41,822 42,515 41,967
90 38,554 38,191 38,752 31,228 38,125 36,970
120 35,122 34,132 33,769 35,782 34,396 34,640
180 30,304 31,129 29,479 31,228 37,003 31,828
240 28,752 27,201 28,191 37,300 28,752 30,040
300 24,495 25,584 24,528 24,759 25,650 25,003
360 15,650 15,419 14,429 14,759 15,320 15,116
64
Lampiran 10. Ln kadar paraseamol pada darah tikus
1. Ln kadar parasetamol pada darah kelompok kontrol
Menit
ke-
K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 Rerata
0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 2,826 2,871 2,822 3,027 2,901 2,889
5 3,298 3,332 3,328 3,356 3,353 3,334
10 3,433 3,434 3,465 3,201 3,444 3,396
20 3,484 3,639 3,430 3,632 3,663 3,570
30 3,614 3,510 3,624 3,517 3,522 3,557
40 3,583 3,451 3,420 3,448 3,461 3,472
60 3,396 3,399 3,267 3,433 3,426 3,384
90 3,325 3,340 3,324 3,337 3,363 3,338
120 3,205 3,224 3,370 3,251 3,245 3,259
180 3,086 3,116 3,116 3,246 3,156 3,144
240 2,826 2,820 2,759 2,851 2,877 2,826
300 2,615 2,672 2,655 2,765 2,759 2,693
360 1,898 2,032 1,893 1,805 2,062 1,938
2. Ln kadar parasetamol pada darah kelompok perlakuan
Menit
ke-
P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 Rerata
0 0 0 0 0 0 0,000
3 3,347 3,331 3,308 3,324 3,333 3,329
5 3,565 3,545 3,575 3,548 3,683 3,583
10 3,652 3,683 3,760 3,661 3,548 3,661
20 3,801 3,763 3,637 3,792 3,796 3,758
30 3,782 3,779 3,780 3,788 3,774 3,780
40 3,758 3,751 3,751 3,745 3,764 3,754
60 3,735 3,721 3,745 3,733 3,750 3,737
90 3,652 3,643 3,657 3,441 3,641 3,607
120 3,559 3,530 3,520 3,577 3,538 3,545
180 3,411 3,438 3,384 3,441 3,611 3,457
240 3,359 3,303 3,339 3,619 3,359 3,396
300 3,198 3,242 3,200 3,209 3,245 3,219
360 2,750 2,736 2,669 2,692 2,729 2,715
65
Lampiran 11. Parameter farmakokinetik
1. Parameter farmakokinetik kelompok kontrol
Parameter
Farmakokinetik
Kelompok
K1 K2 K3 K4 K5 Rerata
Kel 0,00445 0,00389 0,00416 0,00416 0,00374 0,00408
t1/2e 155,800 178,392 166,587 166,461 185,155 170,479
Ka 0,123 0,156 0,089 0,205 0,144 0,143
t1/2a 5,657 4,457 7,831 3,386 4,800 5,226
tmaks 28,086 24,335 36,252 19,428 25,972 26,815
Cmax 36,848 35,168 33,419 37,554 35,505 35,699
AUC0-inf 9386,096 9950,508 9341,139 9780,476 10454,477 9782,539
Vd 277,849 244,213 319,101 267,207 224,897 266,653
Cl 1,236 0,949 1,327 1,112 0,842 1,093
2. Parameter farmakokinetik kelompok perlakuan
Parameter Kelompok
Farmakokinetik P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 Rerata
Kel 0,00271 0,00272 0,00292 0,00248 0,00265 0,00269
t1/2e 255,720 254,779 237,329 278,806 261,509 257,629
Ka 0,152 0,107 0,084 0,182 0,126 0,130
t1/2a 4,547 6,448 8,278 3,818 5,495 5,717
tmaks 26,917 35,096 41,533 23,967 31,286 31,760
Cmaks 45,102 43,890 43,555 44,400 45,201 44,430
AUC0-inf 17902,400 17752,205 16839,270 18959,450 18531,310 17996,927
Vd 262,184 217,040 278,215 317,449 260,650 267,108
Cl 0,711 0,590 0,812 0,789 0,691 0,719
66
Lampiran 12. Hasil uji statistik
1. Jumlah sampel tiap kelompok
Case Processing Summary
Tikus
Cases
Valid Missing Total
N Percent N Percent N Percent
K Kontrol 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Perlakuan 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
t1/2 e Kontrol 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Perlakuan 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Ka Kontrol 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Perlakuan 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
t1/2 a Kontrol 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Perlakuan 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
tmax Kontrol 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Perlakuan 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Cp max Kontrol 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Perlakuan 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
AUC 0-inf Kontrol 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Perlakuan 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Vd Kontrol 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Perlakuan 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
Cl Kontrol 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
67
Perlakuan 5 100,0% 0 0,0% 5 100,0%
2. Hasil uji normalitas data pengaruh pemberian minyak jelantah terhadap profil
farmakokinetik parasetamol pada darah
Tests of Normality
Tikus
Kolmogorov-Smirnova Shapiro-Wilk
Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.
K Kontrol ,215 5 ,200* ,955 5 ,776
Perlakuan ,242 5 ,200* ,960 5 ,806
t1/2 e Kontrol ,233 5 ,200* ,955 5 ,775
Perlakuan ,224 5 ,200* ,960 5 ,810
Ka Kontrol ,186 5 ,200* ,987 5 ,968
Perlakuan ,143 5 ,200* ,988 5 ,974
t1/2 a Kontrol ,201 5 ,200* ,945 5 ,705
Perlakuan ,151 5 ,200* ,967 5 ,856
tmax Kontrol ,218 5 ,200* ,961 5 ,812
Perlakuan ,158 5 ,200* ,975 5 ,907
Cp max Kontrol ,170 5 ,200* ,968 5 ,860
Perlakuan ,223 5 ,200* ,913 5 ,489
AUC 0-inf Kontrol ,208 5 ,200* ,923 5 ,550
Perlakuan ,181 5 ,200* ,973 5 ,896
Vd Kontrol ,177 5 ,200* ,976 5 ,915
Perlakuan ,229 5 ,200* ,963 5 ,830
68
Cl Kontrol ,165 5 ,200* ,963 5 ,827
Perlakuan ,188 5 ,200* ,945 5 ,702
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.
a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
3. Data statistik tiap kelompok tikus
Group Statistics
Tikus N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean
K Kontrol 5 ,00407972780 ,000274126637 ,000122593159
Perlakuan 5 ,00269712000 ,000155985487 ,000069758830
t1/2 e Kontrol 5
170,479096609
829920
11,4539973104
24269
5,12238332004
1685
Perlakuan 5
257,628618431
438200
14,8945071830
27645
6,66102611052
1743
Ka Kontrol 5 ,14310600 ,042864090 ,019169404
Perlakuan 5 ,13025000 ,038147003 ,017059858
t1/2 a Kontrol 5
5,22606919674
9445
1,66790022788
1934
,745907657846
279
Perlakuan 5
5,71698286521
6155
1,74044517644
2508
,778350745127
413
tmax Kontrol 5
26,8146739056
70844
6,16647524914
2414
2,75773156773
0478
Perlakuan 5
31,7597965211
85734
6,91135484236
3327
3,09085184882
9348
69
Cp max Kontrol 5
35,6986385271
20620
1,60294832713
1813
,716860284777
261
Perlakuan 5
44,4295873633
12020
,725415300988
269
,324415584985
648
AUC 0-inf Kontrol 5
9782,53915586
973400
455,993310553
765640
203,926407936
678430
Perlakuan 5
17996,9273378
1966300
809,476730020
997500
362,008998906
239000
Vd Kontrol 5
266,653455326
880360
35,7895563981
15520
16,0055761981
49765
Perlakuan 5
267,107723967
029640
36,1606095854
29930
16,1715162281
70365
Cl Kontrol 5
1,09323841562
9088
,199821197738
269
,089362756297
639
Perlakuan 5
,718606093145
465
,088105330237
085
,039401901518
038
4. Hasil uji homogenitas varians
Independent Samples Test
Levene's Test for
Equality of
Variances
t-test for
Equality of
Means
F Sig. t df
K Equal
variances
assumed
2,026 ,192 9,80
2 8
70
Equal
variances not
assumed
9,80
2
6,34
5
t1/2
e
Equal
variances
assumed
,039 ,849
-
10,3
71
8
Equal
variances not
assumed
-
10,3
71
7,50
5
Ka Equal
variances
assumed
,002 ,963 ,501 8
Equal
variances not
assumed
,501 7,89
4
t1/2
a
Equal
variances
assumed
,029 ,869 -,455 8
Equal
variances not
assumed
-,455 7,98
6
tmax Equal
variances
assumed
,162 ,698
-
1,19
4
8
Equal
variances not
assumed
-
1,19
4
7,89
8
Cp
max
Equal
variances
assumed
2,230 ,174
-
11,0
96
8
71
Equal
variances not
assumed
-
11,0
96
5,57
2
AUC
0-inf
Equal
variances
assumed
1,261 ,294
-
19,7
70
8
Equal
variances not
assumed
-
19,7
70
6,30
6
Vd Equal
variances
assumed
,006 ,940 -,020 8
Equal
variances not
assumed
-,020 7,99
9
Cl Equal
variances
assumed
3,934 ,083 3,83
6 8
Equal
variances not
assumed
3,83
6
5,49
9
5. Hasil uji t test tidak berpasangan pengaruh pemberian minyak jelantah terhadap profil
farmakokinetik parasetamol
Independent Samples Test
t-test for Equality of Means
Sig. (2-
tailed)
Mean
Difference
Std. Error
Difference
K Equal variances
assumed ,000
,0013826078
00
,0001410509
73
72
Equal variances not
assumed ,000
,0013826078
00
,0001410509
73
t1/2 e Equal variances
assumed ,000
-
87,14952182
1608290
8,402861400
885635
Equal variances not
assumed ,000
-
87,14952182
1608290
8,402861400
885635
Ka Equal variances
assumed ,630 ,012856000 ,025661348
Equal variances not
assumed ,630 ,012856000 ,025661348
t1/2 a Equal variances
assumed ,661
-
,4909136684
66710
1,078057566
400849
Equal variances not
assumed ,661
-
,4909136684
66710
1,078057566
400849
tmax Equal variances
assumed ,267
-
4,945122615
514890
4,142275769
558204
Equal variances not
assumed ,267
-
4,945122615
514890
4,142275769
558204
Cp max Equal variances
assumed ,000
-
8,730948836
191395
,7868507734
45966
Equal variances not
assumed ,000
-
8,730948836
191395
,7868507734
45966
73
AUC 0-
inf
Equal variances
assumed ,000
-
8214,388181
949930000
415,4954814
95351500
Equal variances not
assumed ,000
-
8214,388181
949930000
415,4954814
95351500
Vd Equal variances
assumed ,985
-
,4542686401
49280
22,75294281
0826816
Equal variances not
assumed ,985
-
,4542686401
49280
22,75294281
0826816
Cl Equal variances
assumed ,005
,3746323224
83623
,0976637704
38932
Equal variances not
assumed ,010
,3746323224
83623
,0976637704
38932
74
Lampiran 13. Dokumentasi
Pencampuran pakan dengan minyak jelantah Pembuatan minyak jelantah
Hewan coba dikandangkan individual Pembuatan sediaan parasetamol
Larutan baku parasetamol Penampungan darah pada tabung effendorf
75
Sentrifuge sampel
darah+EDTA+TCA5% pada 2500 rpm
Pengambilan supernatan
Penambahan etil asetat pada plasma Pencarian panjang gelombang maksimal
dan pemeriksaan spektrofotometri
76
Lampiran 14. Biodata mahasiswa
I. Identitas
1. Nama Lengkap : Faizurrahman Andi Kusuma
2. NIM : 22010112140182
3. Tempat, Tanggal lahir : Grobogan, 14 April 1994
4. Jenis Kelamin : Laki-laki
5. Alamat Rumah : Jl. Ahmad Yani 269 Purwodadi, Kab.Grobogan
6. E-mail : [email protected]
7. Telepon rumah/HP : 08574012498
II. Pendidikan
No. Tingkat Nama & Tempat Tahun Lulus
1. Sekolah Dasar SD Negeri 1 Kuripan 2006
2. Sekolah Menengah Pertama SMP Negeri 1 Purwodadi 2009
3. Sekolah Menengah Akhir SMA Negeri 1 Purwodadi 2012
4. Perguruan Tinggi Fakultas Kedokteran UNDIP 2012 - sekarang
III. Pengalaman Kepanitiaan
No Jabatan Tahun Nama Kepanitiaan
1. Sie Perlengkapan Mei 2014 Scientific Fair
2. Koordinator Sie Lomba September - Desember 2014 Porseni
3. Ketua Panitia September - Oktober 2015 Kemah Bakti
IV. Pengalaman Bekerja
No. Jabatan Tahun Nama Instansi
1. Asisten Dosen 2014 - 2015 Parasitologi Fakultas Kedokteran UNDIP