business studies sow 2010-1 (igcse y78)

8/14/2019 Business Studies SoW 2010-1 (IGCSE Y78)

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IGCSE Business Studies 0450 - SoW Working Committee

Head Coordinator - Hjh Harita binti Hj Hassan Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Abu Bakar, Lambak

Assistant Coordinator - Hj Mohd Yura Faizal bin Hj Mohd Yusof Sekolah Menengah PJN Abu Bakar, Belait

Member - Dk Jamilah binti Pg Kamis Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Husain, Jerudong

The aim of this Scheme of Work is to set out a progression through the Syllabus content, and to give ideas for activities, together

with references to relevant Internet sites.

The Scheme is intended to give ideas to teachers from which they can build. It is certainly not intended that teachers undertake all

of the activities shown in the various units depending on the time available but rather to offer choices which could depend on the

academic teaching schedule.

Teaching durations for topics have not been given as there is a great deal of variability in time available especially teaching the

Applied Programmes students. However, the Scheme does provide a progressive teaching sequence throughout the academic

schedule.


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IGCSE BUSINESS STUDIES 0450

Units TopicsUnits 1 Business ActivityUnits 2 MarketingUnits 3 ProductionUnits 4 People and Work

Units 5 Business OrganizationUnits 6 Business Finance and AccountingUnits 7 External Influences

IGCSE BUSINESS STUDIES 0450 3 Years (Applied Programme)

Year 9 Year 10 Year 11

Unit 1 1.1 Unit 2 2.1 Unit 3 3.71.2 2.2 3.8

1.3 2.3

1.4 2.4 Unit 5 5.41.5 2.5

1.6 2.6 Unit 6 6.51.7 2.7 6.6

2.8 6.7Unit 5 5.1 2.9 6.85.2 2.10 6.9

5.3 2.11 6.10

2.12 6.11

6.12

Unit 6 6.1 Unit 3 3.1


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6.2 3.2 Unit 7 7.16.3 3.3 7.2

6.4 3.4 7.33.5 7.4

3.6 7.5

7.6

Unit 4 4.1 7.74.2 7.8

4.3 7.9

4.4 7.104.5 7.11

4.6 7.12

4.7 7.13

4.8 7.14

7.15Unit 5 5.5 7.16

5.6 7.175.7

5.8

5.9

IGCSE BUSINESS STUDIES 0450 2 Years (General Programme)

Year 9 Year 10

Unit 1 1.1 Unit 3 3.1 Unit 5 5.5 Unit 7 7.11.2 3.2 5.6 7.2

1.3 3.3 5.7 7.3

1.4 3.4 5.8 7.4

1.5 3.5 5.9 7.5

1.6 3.6 7.6

1.7 Unit 3 3.7 7.7Unit 4 4.1 3.8 7.8Unit 5 5.1 4.2 7.9

5.2 4.3 Unit 5 5.4 7.105.3 4.4 7.11

4.5 Unit 6 6.5 7.124.6 6.6 7.13


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Unit 6 6.1 4.7 6.7 7.146.2 4.8 6.8 7.15

6.3 6.9 7.166.4 6.10 7.17

6.11

Unit 2 2.1 6.122.2

2.3

2.4

2.52.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

2.102.11

2.12

Course Units1. Business Activity

1.1 Introduction

1.2 Business Activity as a means of adding value and helping to satisfy customers needs.

1.3 Classification of local and national firms into primary, secondary and tertiary sectors.

1.4 Business objectives and their importance .1.5 Stakeholders and their differing objectives.

1.6 Aims of private and public sector organisations.

1.7 Business growth and measurement of size .


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2. Business Organisations

2.1 Relationship between business objectives, growth and organisation

2.2 Types of business organisation

2.3 Limited and unlimited liability

2.4 Growth of multinational organisations

2.5 Control and responsibility

2.6 Internal organisation

2.7 Communication

2.8 Methods of communication

3. Marketing

3.1 The role of marketing

3.2 Market research

3.3 Presentation and use of results

3.4 Market segmentation

3.5 Mass and niche marketing

3.6 Marketing mix


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3.7 Product

3.8 Price

3.9 Distribution

3.10 Promotion

3.11 Marketing strategy

3.12 Marketing budge

4. Production

4.1 Using resources to produce goods and services 4.2 Methods of production

4.3 Scale of production

4.4 Quality control

4.5 Location decisions

4.6 Efficiency

4.7 Costs and their classification

4.8 Break-even analysis

5. People and Work

5.1 Role of work in satisfying human needs


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5.2 Methods of financial reward

5.3 Non-financial rewards

5.4 Management styles and motivation methods

5.5 Stages of recruitment and selection

5.6 Training methods

5.7 Dismissal and redundancy

5.8 Workforce and the working environment.

6. Business Finance and Accounting

6.1 Use of funds

6.2 Short and long term financial needs

6.3 Sources of internal and external funds

6.4 Factors affecting the methods of finance chosen

6.5 Cash and cashflow forecasts

6.6 Profit

6.7 Users of accounts

6.8 Purpose and main elements of profit and loss account

6.9 Purpose and main elements of balance sheet

6.10 Simple interpretation of financial statements using ratios


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6.11 Working capital

6.12 Financial budgets

7. External Influences

7.1 Mixed and market economies

7.2 Key features of own national economy

7.3 Business reactions to market change

7.4 Competition and business

7.5 Business cycle

7.6 Government influence over decision making by using economic policy measures

7.7 Impact of business decisions on people, the economy and the environment

7.8 Government economic policy measures

7.9 Impact of technology on business

7.10 Ethical issues

7.11 Workforce and the working environment 7.12 The consumer

7.13 International trade

7.14 Problems of entering new markets abroad

7.15 Exchange rates

7.16 Concept of exchange rates and how changes in them affect businesses


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7.17 External costs and benefits

Unit 1 Business Activity

Glossary : Marketing, Human Resources Management, Production, Finance, External Influences, Final Customer, IntermediateCustomer, Customer Value Added, Public Sector, Private Sector, Privatization, Profit, De-industrialization, Primary,Secondary, Tertiary Sectors, Turnover, Profit, Capital Employed, Strategic decisions, Tactical decisions, Stakeholder

TIMEFRAME

OBJECTIVES TOPIC LESSON CONTENTSSUGGESTED TEACHING LEARNINGACTIVITIES

SUGGESTEDON-LINE

3WEEKS

Students should be able to:

Explain the differencebetween wants andneeds.

Understand what ismeant by scarce

1.1 Introduction. Get students to make a presentation ingroups to address the question, Whatmakes a successful business? Draw out thekey features of the course (Marketing, HRM,Finance, Production)

www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.html
http://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.html


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resources.

Apply the principle ofopportunity costs.

Explain the importanceof specialization inproduction

Demonstrate theunderstanding of businessactivity in adding valueand helping to satisfy theneeds of customers inchanging competitiveenvironment.

Understand the purposeof business activity and theimportance of differentgroups involved in it.

Explain the purpose ofbusiness activity in terms ofthe objectives of non-profit

making activity, privateenterprise and publicenterprise.

1.2 Businessactivity as a meansof adding valueand meetingcustomer need.

Discuss the complete process from sourceto finished product in making furniture (fromforest to customers room) bringing outconcepts of customer, value added, customerneeds; also relate this to Primary, Secondaryand Tertiary Sectors.

Discover extent of public sector instudents own country (this could also be

covered under 1.5 business objectives).

Visit the website of the government. Seeresource list for some ideas.

TIMEFRAME


SUGGESTEDON-LINE


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3WEEKS


Describe andclassify business activityin term of Primary,Secondary and TertiarySectors.

Demonstrate theunderstanding of

business activity inadding value andhelping to satisfy theneeds of customers inchanging competitiveenvironment.

1.3 Classificationof local and nationalfirms into Primary,Secondary andTertiary Sectors.

Class investigation to identify nature andimportance of each sector in own country,Brunei Darussalam. May be useful to docomparison with another country. Graph ofdifferent sectors in selected countries andcompare them.

Also explain how these sectors change asa country develops.

Visit Government websites and exploreNational Government Statistics.

www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.html

www.economy.gov.eg(Egypt)www.ipa.gov.pg (PapuaNew Guinea)www.gov.bw (Botswana)http://www.bccthai.com/

(Thailand)www.mop.gov.kw(Kuwait),www.saudinf.com (SaudiArabia)www.investinspain.org(Spain)www.statistics.gov.uk(UK)www.pak.gov.pk ,(Pakistan)www.commonwealth.org.uk

Show knowledge ofthe methods andproblems of measuringthe size of businessunits.

1.4 Businessgrowth andmeasurement ofsize.

Students classify a variety of businessesby turnover, profit, labour, capital employed,outlets. Problems brought out throughdiscussion of results.

Provide students withthese statistics onvarious businesses.Use local sources orwww.bized.co.ukLook at change in sizeofwww.vodaphone.co.uk
http://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.html


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Describe andexplain the private andpublic sectors as a wayof organising businessactivity.

Include - Whybusinesses grow andexpand, problems

connected with this andhow this might beovercome.

1.5 Businessobjectivesand theirimportance.

Teacher lead discussionand case study(Amway).

Compare with a public sector organisation(e.g. a hospital).

www.thetimes100.co.ukand follow links toAmway viacompanies. The Coca-Cola case study wouldalso be useful to lookat.

Identify stakeholdersin a business byidentifying them in acase study or an annualreport.

1.6 Stakeholdersand their differingobjectives

Choose a large business in the countryand access its accounts on the net, or find amulti-national that operates in the country.

www.thetimes100.co.uk

Demonstrate anawareness of the aimsand objectives of

enterprises in bothprivate and publicsectors.

1.7 Aims of privateand public sectororganisations.

Compare the objectives of a hospital withthose of McDonalds.

www.carol.co.uk
http://www.carol.co.uk/http://www.carol.co.uk/


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Unit 2 Marketing

Glossory : Marketing, Market orientated, Product oriented, Consumer panels Desk/field research Primary/Secondary ,QuestionnaireQuota/random sample, Bar chart, Pictogram, Pie chart, Mass market, Niche market, Segmentation, Target market, Target audience, Price,Product, Place, Promotion, Packaging, Competitive, pricing, Cost plus pricing, Price skimming ,Promotional pricing, Elasticity, Retailer,Wholesaler agent, AIDA, Brand image, Brand loyalty, Brand name, Informative advertising, Persuasive advertising, Point of sale Strategy.

TIMEFRAME


SUGGESTEDON-LINE

At the end of the lesson,students should be able to:-

Define the differentbetween market andmarketing.

Explain the mainpurpose ofmarketing.

2.1 Marketing Identify somemarketing strategies of

businesses using newspapers,magazines, students experiences andso on.

Use this to identify consumer markets,industrial markets.

Discuss product orientation and marketorientation.

Identify different marketing objectivesusing practical examples.

Magazines, newspaperse.g.http://metimes.com(Egypt)www.nationaudio.com/news/dailynation(Kenya)www.lexpress-net.com(Mauritius - French)www.arabnews.com(Saudi Arabia)www.abc.es (Spain

Spanish)www.bangkokpost.com(Thailand)www.gulfnews.com(UAE)

Role ofMarketing


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At the end of the lesson,students should be able to;-

Explain theimportance ofMarket Research.

Explain how marketresearch beingcarried out.Appreciate the need

for market research. Understand how a

business carries outmarket research;limitations of marketresearch.

Explain the factorsinfluence theaccuracy of marketresearch

2.2 MarketReserach

Suggesting students doing marketresearch for their own invented productor business.

Choose an appropriate topic e.g. identifya gap in the market such as a localvacant shop or what to sell in school,getstudents to carry out a market researchexercise including some primaryresearch in the form of carrying out a

questionnaire. Also carry out secondaryresearch on the topic chosen of suitableinternet sites for the research. This couldvery usefully be tied in with theadvertising section below.

If, for example, softdrinks were chosenstudents could go towww.coca-cola.com orwww.pepsico.com fortheir secondarysources. See alsoresource list.

At the end of the lesson,

students should be able to;- Identify different

ways of presentingdata from marketresearch.

Use appropriatemethod and suitableway of presentinginformation frommarket research

Present, analyseand interpret simplemarket researchinformation.

Understand thefactors that influencethe accuracy ofmarket research

2.3 Presentation

and use ofresult of marketresearch.

Presentation by students on their market

research. Students could present their results in an

effective manner and appraise eachothers work especially the accuracy ofthe information gathered.


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Explain theimportance ofmarketsegmentation.

Explain how marketsegmentation iscarried out.

Understand how andwhy marketsegmentation iscarried out

2.4 MarketSegmentation(purpose andmethods).

Suggesting students to do market segmentin their own class or school.

Give the students a product for them toidentify the different segments of the market.

www.thetimes100.co.ukand follow links toAustralian TouristCommission.


Explain the differentbetween Massmarket and Niche

market.

2.5 Mass market andNiche Market.

Compare a mass market product (e.g. coca-cola) with a niche market product (e.g. dietcoke).

Segmentation is usefully covered in theAustralia Tourist commission case in the

Times 100.


Define what ismeant by marketmix.

Identify and explainthe elements ofmarket mix.

Types of products. Product

development.

Importance ofproduct brand.

2.6 Market Mix.IGCSE Business Studies CD-Rom www.thetimes100.c

o.uk(Nestle Casestudy)
http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/


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Explain the productlife cycle

Understand whybusinesses brandproducts.

Explain theimportance of the

packaging Demonstrate and

understand theimportance ofproduct life cycleand extensionstrategies.

2.7 Product (Design,Brand, Packaging,

Life cycle)

Compare the brands for a particular product.

A product such as mobile phones could betaken as an example and study of howproducts change in relation to recentdevelopments.

Design the packaging for a new product e.g.food product.

www.thetimes100.co.ukWebsites of telephoneservice providers in owncountry.Some interestingmaterial on productdevelopment onwww.dyson.com,www.icnet.uk ,

www.bpamoco.com ,www.celltech.co.uk


Explain how price ofgoods is determinein the market.

Explain factorsaffecting the price ofgoods in the marketusing demand andsupply curve.

Explain the reasonsof Pricing methodand strategies.

2.8 Price (Priceelasticity ofdemand, Pricingmethods andStrategies).

Compare prices of a consumer goodbetween different brands and differentoutlets. Develop the concept of therelationship between price and demand.

Elasticity needs to be teacher led discussion.

If there are few outletslocally, the internetcould be used.www.which.net is theweb site of the UKConsumer Associationand could be used tocompare pricing ofspecific products.


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Define what ismeant by channel ofdistribution.

Identify varioustypes of distributionchannels.

Identify & explain

the importance ofeach distributionchannels.

Identify and explainfactors affectingeach of distributionchannels.

2.9 Place-DistributionChannels

Students can compare a retail outlet for aproduct (e.g. some item of clothing) withbuying using e-commerce.

Discuss the advantages of a wholesaler.

Give students a selection of productsand decide which methods of transport touse.

E.g. by usingwww.yahoo.com andfollow shopping links.


Explain theimportance of

promotion.

2.10 Promotion(Advertising,Sales and Pointof Sales).

Students develop their own advertisingstrategy for a product of their choice, witha realistic budget. They can researchlocal advertising rates in various media.

Consideration of promotion that could beused for a variety of different products.

Useful material onwww.tka.co.uk/magic/

An assignmentsheet specifying the

task.


Define what ismeant by marketingstrategy.

Identify and explaintypes of marketingstrategies.

Explain howmarketing strategiescan influenceconsumerspurchasingbehavior.

2.11 Marketing Strategy

The 4 Ps linktogether.

IGCSE CD-ROM worksheets. Practicalexercise in developing a marketing plan for aproduct.

Include consideration of a strategythroughout the life of a product/service.

IGCSE BusinessStudies CD-ROM

www.thetimes100.co.uk and follow linksto McDonalds casestudy.


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Explain howmarketing strategiescan affect theproducts.

Select and justifymarketing methodsuse for certainbusiness conditionsand product.


Explain the importanceand awareness ofmarketing budget foreach business.

Types of marketingbudget.

Marketing Budget Discussion of the marketing budget requiredin various situations e.g. a local shop, anational supermarket chain, an internationalbusiness. This could be covered in section3.10.


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Unit 3 Production (Operation Management)

Glossory : Factors of production, Product life cycle, Job production, Batch production, Flow production, Mass production, Economies of scale,Diseconomies of scale, Lean production, Efficiency Productivity, Automation, Contribution, Direct costs, Fixed costs, Indirect costs, Marginalcosts, Overhead costs, Total costs, Unit costs, Variable costs, Break-even output, Margin of safety.

TIMEFRAME

OBJECTIVES TOPIC LESSON CONTENTS SUGGESTED TEACHING LEARNINGACTIVITIES

SUGGESTEDON-LINE


Define what ismeant byproductions.

Identify and explainmethods ofproduction.

Understand howresources can beused and managedto help organisationsachieve theirobjectives.

Explain job, batchand flow productionmethods.

3.1 Using Resources toproduce goods andservices.

Job batch and flow can be demonstrated inclass by getting students to make somethingusing the three methods perhaps in 3different groups.

Link in with efficient use of resources

IGCSE CD-ROM class activity onproduction methods cake production

Resources for making an artifact e.g.paper, scissors, pens, glue etc. Design ofwhat to make.

IGCSE Business Studies CD-ROM

3.2 Methodsofproduction(job, batch, flow).


Define economiesand diseconomies ofscales.

Factors that affecteconomies anddiseconomies ofscale of a business.

3.3 Scale of production Mainly classroomexplanation with practical

exercise to show change in costs withdiffering levels of production.

Worksheet on GCSE Business StudiesCD-ROM


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Define LeanProduction.

Methods used inLean Production.

Lean Productions.

At the end of the lesson

students should be able to:- Define what is meant byquality control.

Explain the importanceof quality controlpractice in everybusiness

3.4 Quality Control This can be discussed when undertaking the

production game -4.3

Some useful

international qualitycontrol information onwww.piqc.com.pk(Pakistan)


Identify and explainfactors influencingthe location of a

business. Identify and explain

factors influencingthe relocations of abusiness.

3.5 Location decisions Explain together with use of textbook tosimulate a location decision in your country,investigating constraining factors andincentives. This can be achieved throughvisiting appropriate websites.

Multinational Business location issuesclass activity on IGCSE CD-ROM. Alsoworksheet on CD-ROM.

Investigate incentives inBrunei and one other forbusinesses to come tothe country. E.g.www.economy.gov.eg

(Egypt)www.ipa.gov.pg (PapuaNew Guinea)www.gov.bw(Botswana)www.mop.gov.kw(Kuwait),www.saudinf.com(Saudi Arabia)www.investinspain.org(Spain)IGCSE BusinessStudies CD-ROM


Understand the conceptof productivity.

3.6 An appreciation ofhow production canbe made more

Link in with job/batch/flow exercise

Look at the effects of introducing newtechnology into a business this could be


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Awareness of methodsof improving efficiencye.g. automation, newtechnology.

efficient. covered when visiting a factory. Emphasizethe effects on the business, employees andcustomers.


Define what ismeant by cost.

Identify and explain

types of costs indealing withproductions.

State and explainthe cost structure ofa business.

Classify costs intofixed andvariable/direct andindirect.

3.7 Cost and CostClassifications.

Mainly through class work and use of books.Exercise in identifying the costs of someactivity such as owning a car.

Classify costs into types.

At the end of the lesson,

students should be able to:- Define Break-even

chart.

Explain and interpretwhat does the Break-even analysis chartshows

3.8 Break even analysis

and Simple costbased decisionmaking.

Drawing Break-even chart

Teacher input, class exercises. Worksheetson IGCSE CD-ROM

IGCSE Business

Studies CD-ROMThe break even topic atwww.osl-ltd.co.uk maybe useful.


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Unit 4 People in business

Glossary: Needs, Job satisfaction, Motivation, Specialization, Bonus, Commission, Fringe benefits, Job enlargement, Job enrichment ,Jobrotation, Performance related pay, Productivity agreement, Profit sharing, Salary, Wage, Autocratic, Democratic, Laissez faire, Taylor, Maslow,McGregor, Appraisal, Contract of employment, External recruitment, Internal recruitment, Job analysis, Job description, Job Specification,Induction training, Off the job training, On the job training, Closed shop, Craft union, Employers federation, Employers association, Tradeassociation, General union, No strike agreement, Representative, Shop steward, Single union agreement, Trade association, Trades union,White collar union, Worker participation, Works council.

TIMEFRAME

OBJECTIVES TOPIC

LESSON CONTENTS SUGGESTED TEACHING LEARNINGACTIVITIES

SUGGESTEDON-LINE

WEEKS


Understand theconcept of humanneeds such asphysiological and socialneeds

Understand howwork can help satisfy

such needs

4.1 Role of work insatisfying humanneeds

Explain the role of work in satisfyinghuman needs

Use questionnaires of students, parentsor teachers and so on.

www.hrmguide.net

http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/


Identify the differentmethod of financialreward

Understand thesignificance of differentmethod of financialreward

Show understandingof non financialmethods such as fringe

4.2 Method of financialreward

Explain the different payment systemssuch as time rates, piece rates, bonuspayments, performance rates and profitsharing

A study of newspapers to discoverdifferent payment methods and to promotediscussion on differing rates of pay

IGCSE CD-ROM class activity on

payment systems.

http://www.hrmguide.net/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/http://www.hrmguide.net/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/


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benefit

Understand whenbenefits such asdiscounts on products,free accommodation,use of company carmight be used

4.3 Non financialrewards

Show understanding of non financialmethods such as fringe benefits

Explain when benefits such as discounts onproducts, free accommodation, use ofcompany car might be used



Understand what ismeant by motivation

Understand howmotivation can beinfluenced

Explain different stylesof management

Have an awareness oftheir appropriateness in

different situation

4.4 Management styles

and motivationmethods

Explain why employee motivation is

important to a business Understand howmotivation can be influenced

Explain why employee motivation isimportant to a business Understand howmotivation can be influenced

Discuss factors that influence motivationsuch as job satisfaction, job rotation and jobenrichment

Explain and demonstrate different stylesof management

IGCSE CD-ROM class activity on

leadership stylesCompare the leadership requirements of:an army commander, a teacher, a head ofstate, a football coach.

Class discussion on roles ofmanagement together with case study. Maybe useful to get a school/ college managerto give a talk.

Exploration of motivational issues usingcase studies.

Investigation using questionnaires/interviews of what motivates employees.

www.cie.org.uk



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Explain the method ofrecruiting and selectingemployees

Understand theimportance of jobdescription and jobadvertisements

4.5 Stages ofrecruitment andselection

Use job advertisements from a nationalnewspaper to develop aspects ofrecruitment.

Discuss the difference between internal andexternal recruitment and when to use them.

Visit websites of recruitment agencies.

Discuss importance of job descriptions, jobspecifications and job advertisements.

Draw up a job description

Draw up a job specification



Identify and explaindifferent trainingmethods (internal andexternal)

Awareness of the needto train and developstaff

4.6 Training methods Compare the training requirements ofvarious employees (e.g. lawyers, doctors,teachers, shop assistant, farm worker etc)

Visit government website to discoverabout training initiatives.



Explain the differencebetween dismissal andredundancy

Appreciate why themanpower of a businessmay need to be reduced

4.7 Dismissal andredundancy

Use examples to demonstrate the difference Explain the circumstances when downsizing

manpower occurs e.g. automation, closure

of a factory

Use newspapers to explore current local

redundancy/dismissal issues.


Students should be able to :

Describe the work oftrade unions.

Show an awareness ofhow trade unions caninfluence businessbehaviour.

Understand the main

4.8 Workforce andtheworkingenvironment.

IGSE CD-ROMTrade union role play.

Teacher guidance with fact finding from

websites. Follow a dispute in news media.

IGCSE Business Studies CD-ROM.

A worksheet withfacts to find from asuitable website e.g.

www.tuc.org.uk,www.tgwu.org.uk ,www.ilo.org , orlocal equivalent.


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features of employmentcontracts andemployment legislation.

Appreciate why conflictarises and how it can beavoided.


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Unit 5 Business Structure, organization and control.

Glossary: Sole trader ,Partnership agreement, Unincorporated business, Limited company, Prospectus Franchise, Joint venture, Limitedliability, Unlimited Liability, Globalisation, Multinational, Centralised, Chain of command, Decentralised, Organisational structures, Span ofcontrol, Delegation, Levels of hierarchy, Communication nets, Internal communication, Medium of communication, Message, One waycommunication, Receiver ,Sender, Transmitter, Two way communication.

TIME

FRAME

OBJECTIVESTOPI

C

LESSON

CONTENTS

SUGGESTED TEACHING LEARNING

ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED

ON-LINE

WEEKS


Understand therelationship betweenobjectives, growth ndbusinessorganization

Discuss theappropriateness of agiven form of

organisation inenabling a businessto achieve itsobjectives.

Identify and explainthe main features ofdifferent forms ofbusinessorganisation.

5.1 Relationshipbetweenobjectives, growthand businessorganization.

Assignment to identify various types ofbusiness in the local area, and to commenton their suitability.

May be suitable for a young enterpriseactivity in which students set up their ownlimited company within the school. Thisactivity could then be used to tie in manyother aspects of the specification.

Summarize table of the advantages and

disadvantages of each business type.May be suitable for a young enterpriseactivity in which students set up their ownlimited company within the school/ college.This activity could then be used to tie in manyother aspects of the specification.

www.yellowpages.co.uk

www.youngenterprise.org.uk

www.jaintl.org

5.2 Types ofbusinessorganization (sole

trader,partnerships,LimitedCompanies,Franchise, JointVenture)

5.3 Limited andUnlimited liability.
http://www.yellowpages.co.uk/http://www.yellowpages.co.uk/http://www.yellowpages.co.uk/http://www.youngenterprise.org.uk/http://www.youngenterprise.org.uk/http://www.jaintl.org/http://www.yellowpages.co.uk/http://www.yellowpages.co.uk/http://www.youngenterprise.org.uk/http://www.youngenterprise.org.uk/http://www.jaintl.org/


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Identify reasons forthe importance andgrowth ofmultinationalbusiness.

5.4 Growth ofmultinationalcompanies

Web based research to find turnover,employees, profits, Total assets, extent ofoperations of Mac Donald, Coca Cola, Marks& Spencer, Airlines in the country.

Also examine local businesses.

IGCSE Business Studies CD ROM

www.carol.co.uk

www.thetimes100.co.uk


Draw, interpret andexplain simpleorganizational charts.

Comment on thecentral features of anorganizational structure.

Discuss the role ofmanagement.

5.5 Control andresponsibility

Practical exercises of drawingorganizational structures including ownschool/ college, together with case study.

CD-ROM worksheet on organisationalstructure.

5.6 Internalorganisation

(organisationstructurehierarchy, span ofcontrol)

Can be illustrated by discussingorganization chart for own school / college.


Explain the differentmeans ofcommunication.

Understand the needfor effectiveCommunication .

Be aware of the barriersto effectivecommunication.

5.7 Internal andexternalcommunication

IGCSE CD-ROM Communication classactivity.

Practical communication exercises e.g. gettingstudents to draw an object described only inthe spoken word by another student.

IGCSE BusinessStudies CD-ROM.

Case study Nan FongAirlines at www.osl-ltd.co.uk follow thelink to free resources,case studies, alsosee questions atsame site.
http://www.carol.co.uk/http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/http://www.carol.co.uk/http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/


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Understand how thebarriers tocommunication can beovercome.


Understand themethods of internal andexternal communication.

Comment on theappropriateness ofdifferent means ofcommunication.

5.8 Internalcommunication(effectivecommunicationand its

attainment)

Investigation into communication methodsused in a business (school could be used asan example of a business).

Students could analyse what problems existand how communication could be improved


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Unit 6 Financial information and decisions making

Glossary: Capital expenditure, Internal Growth, Internal sources, Prospectus, Revenue expenditure, Shares, Start up capital, Loan, Overdraft,Hire purchase, Lease, Retained profits, Interest, Dividends, Gearing, Risk, Short term, Long term, Cash flow Forecast, Accounts, Accountant,Appropriation account, Assets, Balance Sheet, Cost of goods sold, Current assets, Current liabilities, Debtors, Final accounts, Fixed assets,Depreciation, Gross profit, Liabilities, Long term liabilities, Liquidity, Net profit, Profit & Loss account, Revenue, Sales revenue, Tradingaccount, Capital employed, Working capital, Liquidity, Net profit margin, Gross profit Margin, Current ratio, Acid test ratio, ROCE Workingcapital.

TIMEFRAME


SUGGESTEDON-LINE


Identify the main needsfor funds.

Appreciate thedifference betweenshort and long termfinance.

Identify internal andexternal sources offunds available tobusiness.

Understand theimpact on business ofdifferent sources offunds.

6.1 Use of funds Practical exercises exploring sources offinance together with explanation

Investigate accounts of two businesses toexplore sources used particularly by a lowand high geared business alsowww.londonstockexchange.comandmajor banks e.g. www.natwest.co.uk ,www.barclays.co.uk Also find incentivesfrom Government in your country. Seeresource list.

www.londonstockexchange.com

www.natwest.co.uk

www.barclays.co.uk

6.2 Short and longterm financial

needs

6.3 Sources ofinternal andexternal funds(short and longterm).


Explain the basisupon which thechoice of sources offunds is made.

6.4 Factorsaffectin

g the methodsof financechosen.

Class activitiesmainly from book. Givestudents different case studies ofbusinesses that are seeking finance andget them to decide which would be themost suitable sources of finance to useand why.

www.ft.com ,www.the-times.co.uk ,www.economist.co.uk
http://www.londonstockexchange.com/http://www.londonstockexchange.com/http://www.londonstockexchange.com/http://www.londonstockexchange.com/


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You could invite a Bank Manager intoclass to talk about the forms of financeavailable through the Bank

Students should be able to:-

Explain theimportance of cashfor a business.

Defining Cash flow.

Prepare andinterpret cash flowstatement.

6.5 Cash andCash flow forecast.

Preparing their own business cash flow.

IGCSE CD-ROM Cash Flow game andworksheets.

Mainly through use of book exercises andspreadsheets.

www.hrmguide.net



Defining Profit.

Explain the concept ofprofit Explain thefunction of profit.

Distinguish between

cash and profit

6.6 Profit (what it isand why itmatters).

Explanation through a practical, simple cashflow that clearly shows cash as differentfrom profit.

This could be brought out in the cash flowgame 6.5.

www.digitalbrain.com


Explain the importanceof analyzing businessfinancial statement.

6.7 Users of accounts


Identify itemsrecorded in theProfit and lossaccount.

6.8 Purpose andmain elements of

Profit/Lossaccount.

Preparing Profit and loss accounts.

Mainly tackledthrough classroomexplanation, handout to fill in the blankaccounts items, Case studies and
http://www.hrmguide.net/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/http://www.hrmguide.net/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/People-at-Work/


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Calculate Profit.

Explain theimportance of profit.

Explain thedifferences betweencash and profit

exercises from book.

Useful to compare accounts of twocompletely different businesses e.g. aretailer and an oil company.

IGCSE CD-ROM worksheets.


Identify items to berecorded in Balancesheet.

Explain theimportance ofBalance sheet.

6.9 . Purpose and

main element ofBalance sheet.

Preparing Balance sheets.

Class explanation together with exercisesand case studies from book or worksheetsfrom IGCSE CD-ROM.


Identify ratio used tomeasure businessperformance e.g.

margin, mark up etc.

Calculating workingcapital, acid ratioand current ratio.

Alternative ways thatbusinesses can

judge their success(e.g. ROCE, marketshare).

Interpret theperformance of a

business by usingsimple accountingratios (return oncapital employed -ROCE, net profitmargin, gross profit

6.10 Interpretation offinancialstatementusing ratio.

Class explanation and case study


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margin, current ratioand

Student should be able to:

Identify and calculateworking capital

6.11 Working capital This could be discussed in 6.8, 6.9


Explain the importanceof financial budgets.

6.12 Financial budgets This could be discussed in 6.1,6.2 6.3


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Unit 7 External Influences

Glossary: Market economy,Mixed economy , Planned economy, Business cycle, Boom, Recession, Development area, Exchange rates,Interest rates, Inflation, Monopolies, Planning permission, Unemployment, Cost-benefit, External benefits, External costs, Social costs,Opportunity costs, Private benefits, Private costs, Social benefits, Balance of payments ,Exchange rate, Appreciation, Exchange rate,depreciation, Exchange rates, Imports Exports.

TIMEFRAME


SUGGESTEDON-LINE


Demonstrate anawareness of thedifferent types ofeconomies.

7.1 Mixed and market

economies

Descriptive teacherlead work. This could

have been covered in the Unit 1. Fact finding, internet based.

www.tutor2u.net

Visit nationalgovernment sites e.ghttp://ncb.intnet.mu/govt/index.htm ,(Mauritius),http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/pg.html(Papua New Guinea),www.fedfin.gov.ae(United Arab

Emirates),

www.mop.gov.kw(Kuwait).

7.2 Key features ofown nationaleconomy


Show understanding ofmarket changes andhow these might beresponded to bybusiness.

7.3 Business reactionto market changes.

Best handled through a study ofdevelopments in students own country.

This could have been considered in Unit 3Marketing.

A suitable Assignment to get students tostudy the impact of changes in markets,competition and economic structure of theirown country. National Government websites could be used.

7.4 Competition andbusiness


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The main phases of thecycle.

Impact ofboom/recession onbusiness.

Show understanding of

the changingimportance of differenttypes of business within their own nationaleconomy, in terms ofemployment andcontribution to nationalwealth.

7.5 Business cycle


State the role of thegovernment ininfluencing decisionswithin local, nationaland internationalcontexts and explainhow businesses mayreact .

7.6 Governmentinfluence overdecision makingby using economicpolicy measures.

Exercise to find out extent to whichgovernment intervenes in own country,perhaps with a comparison with othercountries.

This can be extended to cover locationdecisions (see 3.5), and can also cover 7.7

Impact of business

www.jusbiz.orgInternational Debt roleplay (go to link forresources).

Visit nationalgovernment sites e.ghttp://ncb.intnet.mu/govt/index.htm ,(Mauritius),http://www.gksoft.com/govt/en/pg.html(Papua New Guinea),www.fedfin.gov.ae(United ArabEmirates),

www.mop.gov.kw(Kuwait).National Governmentwebsites including

www.ipa.gov.pg(Papua New


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Guinea),www.investinspain.orgMarketing issues onwww.asa.org.uk ornational equivalent,www.admedia.orgalso there areinternational marketingissues on

www.tka.co.uk/magic


Explain whyintervention in businessactivity is required sothat social andeconomic objectives ofthe state can be betterachieved

Show an awareness

of how businessdecisions have animpact on others(society, environmentand people).

Show an awarenessof the main methods ofgovernment intervention

7.7 Impact of businessdecisions onpeople, theeconomy and theenvironment.

Teacher discussion and case studies toillustrate the impact of business decisions indifferent business situations.

Give examples of intervention both tosupport and control the impact of businessactivity on people, the economy and theenvironment

Use the examples to show how outcomesdiffer[following intervention] and are more in line

with the objectives of the state e.g. to createemployment, minimise resource depletion

Use examples to show how businessdecisions create externalities

Show awareness of the main methods ofintervention such as legislation

Show awareness of the influence of otheragencies such as trade unions andpressure groups

http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/


Demonstrate anawareness of theimpact that tax andinterest rate changesmight have on business

7.8 Governmenteconomic policy

measures.

Economic Policy class activity on IGCSECR-ROM

IGCSE BusinessStudies CD-ROM
http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/


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decisions


Show understandingof the main factorsinfluencing a firmslocation and relocationdecisions

Show awareness ofhow government caninfluence such factors

Location decision Identify and explain factors relevant to thelocation decisions of a manufacturing

business Identify and explain factors relevant to the

location of a service based business

Show awareness of factors that a businessconsiders in determining which country tolocate itself

Recommend and justify an appropriatelocation for a business in a given situation

Explanation together with use of textbook tosimulate a location decision in your country,investigating constraining factors and

incentives. This can be achieved throughvisiting appropriate websites.

http://www.dineshbakshi.com/Production

/


Explain the impact thattechnological changehas on a business.

Implications of theInternet and e-commerce

7.9 Impact oftechnology onbusiness.

Assignmenttoexplore the impact oftechnology on business.

Case studies of technological change indifferent businesses.

www.ecomfocus.com


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Show an awareness ofethical considerationsin business activity.

7.10 Ethical issues Business Ethics worksheet on IGCSE CD-ROM. Or Web based exercise to find someorganisations that influence businessbehaviour.

May be worth developing into ethicalquestions (e.g. see McDonalds, Co-opbank)

IGCSE BusinessStudies CD-ROMwww.greenpeace.org.ukwww.cooperativebank.co.uk www.novo.dkwww.mcdonalds.comand follow links toethical issues.

Students should be able to: Demonstrate an

understanding of healthand safetyrequirements

Describe the work oftrade unions

Show an awareness ofhow the governmentcan influence businessbehavior

Show an awareness ofethical considerationsin business activity.

Understand the mainfeatures of employmentcontracts andemployment legislation

7.11 Workforce and the

workingenvironment (healthand safety,employmentprotection)

Describe the work of trade unions

Understand the concept of a trade union

Show the benefits that union membershipcan provide for employees

Use examples to show how businessbehaviour might be modified in terms oflevels of pay and treatment of employees

Show the possible conflict between theprofit motive and ethical considerations

such as exploitation of employees [e.g.using child labour]

Use examples to show how businessesmight have to change their behaviour toconform to legislation regarding conditionsat work [e.g. protection from dangerousmachinery, safety equipment and clothing,hygienic conditions and hours of work]

Describe the main features of anemployment contract

Use examples to demonstrate suchprotection in terms o racial and gender

discrimination



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Understand how andwhy consumer interestare protected

7.12 The consumer Demonstrate an understanding of the waysin which consumer protection benefitsconsumers e.g. protection againstdangerous products and substances,misleading selling

Use examples to illustrate the need for suchprotection

Use local websites to explore local H & Sissues.



Show an appreciationof how international

trade influences aneconomy and itsbusiness sector bycreating opportunitiesfor growth, increasedcompetition andconsumer choice .

7.13 International trade


Demonstrate anunderstanding of the

problems of a businesswhen entering a newmarket abroad.

7.14 Problems ofentering newmarkets abroad

Suitable for investigating opportunities andproblems in own economy. Could havebeen covered in Marketing Unit 3.


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Understand howimporting/exportingdecisions might beaffected by changes inexchange rates.

Appreciate theimplications of tariff

barriers, quotas andexchange rate changesfor businesses thattrade internationally .

7.15 Exchange rates Explain the concept of exchange rate

Explain what is meant by an appreciationand depreciation of a currency

Show awareness of the importance ofexchange rate changes to importing andexporting businesses

Activity using Exchange rates

worksheets on IGCSE CD-ROM

www.wto.org

www.worldbank.org

www.tutor2u.net

www.bized.ac.uk


www.wto.org

www.worldbank.org

information onthe single Europeancurrency can befound at UKbusiness educationsites

7.16 Changes in themaffect business


Appreciate the

concepts of socialcosts and benefits

Understand thedifference between asocial cost and

social benefit and afinancial cost and afinancial benefit

Show anunderstanding of how

business activity cancreate them

Apply such conceptto a given businessdecision

7.17 External cost andbenefits

Explain the difference between a social costand social benefit and a financial cost and afinancial benefit

Use examples to show how businessdecisions create social costs and benefits

Social/environmental costs and benefitsclass activity on IGCSE CD-ROM or theTourism Game

www.jusbiz.org

http://www.wto.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.tutor2u.net/http://www.tutor2u.net/http://www.bized.ac.uk/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/http://www.wto.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.jusbiz.org/http://www.wto.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.tutor2u.net/http://www.bized.ac.uk/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/http://www.dineshbakshi.com/External-Environment/http://www.wto.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.worldbank.org/http://www.jusbiz.org/


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business studies sow 2010-1 (igcse y78)

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