igcse accounting 2-2

8/14/2019 Igcse Accounting 2-2

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IGSCE Accounting SoW Working Committee

Head Coordinator - Hjh Harita binti Hj Hassan Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Abu Bakar, LambakMembers - Marhani binti Haji Mohd Lot Sekolah Menengah Sayyidina Abu Bakar, Lambak

- Hajah Rozita binti Hj Ismail Sekolah Tinggi Perempuan Raja Isteri

- Leziana binti Abdullah Maktab Sultan Omar Ali Saifuddien

IGCSE ACCOUNTING 0452 SPN 21 SCHEME OF WORK

YEAR 9 (2YR PROGRAMME)1


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Unit 1 Introduction to Book Keeping

Glossary : Book keeping, Accounting, Transaction, Accounting period, Assets, Liabilities, Revenues, Expenses,Owners Equity, proprietorship, Partnerships, Limited Companies, Going Concern, Monetary Concept,Consistency Concept, Objectivity Concept, Historical Cost, Accounting Period, Conservatism Concept,

Accounting Entity Concept, Accrual Concept, Dual Concept, Ledger

TIMEFRAM

ESPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS

SUGGESTED TEACHINGLEARNING ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTEDON-LINE




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4WEEK

S

Students should be able to: state the purpose ofbook-keeping andaccounting. explain the differencebetween book-keeping

and accounting. explain what atransaction is.

describe the 3 typesof business.

describe theaccounting process. use Ledger rules foraccounts to recordtransactions.

explain the purposeof the accountingperiod. accounting Equationeffect of transaction. apply accountingprinciples. discuss theaccounting policies

Role of Accounting Difference betweenbook-keeping andaccounting Nature of businesstransactions Purpose of book-keeping and accounting Purpose ofaccounting period The accountingprocess

Ledger Rules; Assets,Liabilities, Revenues,Expenses and OwnersEquity. Fundamental

Concepts and accounting. Compare andcontrast the differencesof accounting cycle oraccounting process in thecomputerized andmanual system. Objectives ofaccounting policies.

Which type of businesswould be the mostcommon? Why?

Analyse the reasonswhy specific types ofbusinesses choose

particular business form.Compare and contrastthe advantages anddisadvantages of eachtype of business unit.Discuss the role ofaccounting information inmaking financialdecisions.Go to the nearest mini-mart and list all assetsthat can be and measuredin terms of money.Provide case studywhere students are ableto:

State the date of theBalance Sheet.

Total Assets, Totalliabilities and ownersequity.

The type of liability inthe business.

Whats makeup theowners equity of thebusiness.

Describe the 3 types ofbusiness organizationthrough Role Play; thestudents are to identifythe characteristics of

www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.html

(for actual examplesrepresenting eachtype of businessunit)

http://www.jnj.com

http://info.sgx.com/webcorpinfo.inf

( Gives the latestinformation ofannual reports ofJohnson and JohnsonCorporation)

http://www.swcollege.com/vircomm/gita/gitall.html

(learn more aboutthe expandedaccounting equation)

http://www.accpac.com

(To know thedifferent kinds ofbusinessmanagementsoftware e.g.QuickBooks

accounting software,UBS etc )

http://www.solomom.com

(e-business softwarefor small to medium


http://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.jnj.com/http://info.sgx.com/webcorpinfo.infhttp://info.sgx.com/webcorpinfo.infhttp://www.swcollege.com/vircomm/gita/gitall.htmlhttp://www.swcollege.com/vircomm/gita/gitall.htmlhttp://www.swcollege.com/vircomm/gita/gitall.htmlhttp://www.accpac.com/http://www.accpac.com/http://www.solomom.com/http://www.solomom.com/http://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.acra.gov.sg/general/directory.htmlhttp://www.jnj.com/http://info.sgx.com/webcorpinfo.infhttp://info.sgx.com/webcorpinfo.infhttp://www.swcollege.com/vircomm/gita/gitall.htmlhttp://www.swcollege.com/vircomm/gita/gitall.htmlhttp://www.swcollege.com/vircomm/gita/gitall.htmlhttp://www.accpac.com/http://www.accpac.com/http://www.solomom.com/http://www.solomom.com/


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the 3 types of businessorganizations.

sized organisation)

Unit 2 Ledger and Balancing of Accounts

Glossary : Ledger, Purchases (Creditors) Ledger, Sales (Debtors) Ledger, General Ledger, Debit Balance, CreditBalance

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SUGGESTEDON-LINE




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4WEEK

S

Students should be ableto : explain the purposeof the ledger. explain the reasonsfor maintaining

separate ledgers.analyse transactionsand post relevantdetails to appropriateaccounts in the ledgers. balance ledgeraccounts. interpret the detailsand the balances in theaccounts.

record transactions

related to drawings ofstock, cash or otherassets

The Ledger :Rules of Ledger

Entries.Types of Accounts.

Balancing / Closing

Accounts.

Teacher draws theledger and explains itsfunctions for each typeof accounts.

Teacher explains therules of entries for each

type of accounts andasks the students orallyand written to provetheir understanding.

Teacher explains theways of balancing andclosing all the accountsin the ledger and provesthe studentsunderstanding andknowledge by solving

the problems ofbalancing accounts onthe board.

http://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stusxfve.htm

Unit 3 Source Documents and Books of Prime Entry

Glossary : Source Documents, Till Slips, An invoice, Cheque counterfoil, Sales invoice, Vouchers, Purchase invoice,Debit note, Credit note, Cheque, Receipt, Statement of account, Bank statement, Journals, Ledger,General Journal, General Ledger, Purchases Journal, Sales Ledger/Debtors Ledger, Returns Outwards

Journal , Purchases Ledger/Creditors Ledger, Sales Journal, Returns Inwards Journal, Trade Discount,

Cash Discount , Petty Cash, The Cash Book, Balance, Bank overdraft, Two column cash book, Threecolumn cash book, Cash discount, Contra entries, Discount allowed, Discount received, Petty Cash Book


http://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stusxfve.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stusxfve.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stusxfve.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stusxfve.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stusxfve.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stusxfve.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stusxfve.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stusxfve.htm


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TIMEFRAM



SUGGESTEDON-LINE

5

WEEKS

SOURCE DOCUMENTS

Students should be ableto:- explain what are source

documents and theirimportance.

name and state the useof an invoice, creditnote, debit note,cheque, cheque

counterfoil, till slips,vouchers, receipt, bankstatement andstatement of accounts.

determine whichbusiness document is tobe used in a particulartransaction / situation.

Comprehend that theinformation in thesedocuments is used inthe recording of the

business transactions. state the different books

of original entry.

Objectivity concept Definition of source

documents. Features of source

documents. Importance of source

documents. Types and uses of

source documents.

(Invoice, Credit note,Debit note, Cheque,Cheques counterfoil, TillSlips, vouchers, Receipt,Bank Statement andStatement of Accounts.

Books of original entryor prime entry.

Ask students to identifysource documents usedin a particular/ giventransactions.

Exercises on matchingtransactions todocuments.

Ask the students to listthe source of

documents that a soletrader can use for hisbusiness.

Introduce students tothe actual examples ofused source documentstaken from differentbusinesses. Askstudents to name thedocuments and theirpurposes.

Role Play of a simplecash transaction and thesubsequent settlementof debt.

A project for students tocreate their ownbusiness documents.

http://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stuone.htm


http://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stuone.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stuone.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stuone.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stuone.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stuone.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stuone.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stuone.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/learn/business/accounting/busaccounts/pizza/stuone.htm


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Role play of simplycredit transactions.




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TIMEFRAM



SUGGESTEDON-LINE

BOOKS OF PRIME ENTRY




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Student should be able to: define and explain the

purpose of the journal. list the advantages and

uses of the GeneralJournal.

differentiate betweenthe General Journal andthe specialized journals

record transactions inthe following journals:-Cash Book, Petty Cashbook, Sales Journal,Purchases Journal,Returns Inwards Journal,Returns OutwardsJournal and General

Journal and post them toledgers. enter those transactions

that cannot be recordedin any special journal inthe General Journal andpost it to ledger.

write relevantexplanatory narrationsfor each entry.

identify the source ofdocuments for writingup the journals.

distinguish between atrade discount and cashdiscount.

calculate and record thetrade discount into the

Definition of journals. Role of journal in the

accounting process. Recording transactions

from source documentsinto the journals.

The General Journal. Advantages of using the

General Journal. Uses of the General

Journal. Recording into the

General Journal.Trade and cash

discount. Purchases Journal.Returns Outwards

Journal.Sales Journal.Returns InwardsJournal.

Recording transactionsinto Purchases Journaland Returns OutwardsJournal.

Recording transactionsinto Sales Journal andReturns Inwards Journal.

The Cash Book andPetty Cash.

Posting. Ledger. Posting from the

General Journal

Recording theinformation in thesource documents intodifferent types ofjournals.

Post the transactions in

the General Journal andthe Special Journal tothe appropriateaccounts in the ledgers.

List the similarities anddifferences betweenspecial journals andgeneral journal.

Calculate the tradediscount and cashdiscount by giving

numerical example.




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relevant journal. Posting from thePurchases Journal.

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SUGGESTEDON-LINE




11/43

differentiate between aGeneral Ledger, aPurchases Ledger andSales Ledger.

post entries from thejournals to the

appropriate ledgers.

Posting from theReturns OutwardsJournal.

Posting from the SalesJournalPosting from the Returns

Inwards Journal.

CASH BOOK

Student should be able to: explain Cash Book asa journal and a ledger. list and explain thepurpose of Cash Book. distinguish between,and account for, tradediscount and cashdiscount; discountallowed and discountreceived. explain contratransactions. state and follow theprocedure of preparing

a Cash Book. draw up a Cash Bookfollowing proper rulesand format.

Dual functions ofCash Book.

Purposes of CashBook.

Two column cash book. Difference between

trade discounts andcash discounts.

Difference betweendiscount allowed anddiscount received.

Three column cash book. Contra-entry

transactions Processing of

transactions in theCash Book.

Discuss and makeclear about: dualfunctions of a cashbook; purposes of acash book; differencebetween cash andtrade discounts;difference betweendiscount allowed anddiscount received;contra entrytransactions

Record transactionsin a two column andthree column cash

book . Role play- applied

daily life experience(money received/money paid)

http://www.bhl.co.nz/easybooks/(Usefulness of CashBook)

Microsoft OfficeProgram, then clickon MicrosoftMoney (Recordingof monthly receiptsand payments)


http://www.bhl.co.nz/easybooks/http://www.bhl.co.nz/easybooks/http://www.bhl.co.nz/easybooks/http://www.bhl.co.nz/easybooks/


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PETTY CASH BOOK

Student should be able to: Explain the meaningof Imprest systemDetermine theformat of a Petty CashBook.Write up the PettyCash Book. Post the petty cashitems to the ledgeraccounts.

To differentiatebetween the type oftransactions to berecroded into the CashBook and the PettyCash Book.

The Imprest System Recording into the

Petty Cash Book Posting from the Petty

Cash Book

Simple introductionon Imprest Systemfor petty cashpayments and itsadvantages.

Illustrates the formatof an analysed pettycash book.

Highlight how thetotal for each columnis totaled at the endof the period.

Shows the postingfrom the petty cashbook to the ledger

http://www.ird.govt.nz/yoursituation-bus/running/recordkeeping/recordkeeping-pettycashbookillustration.html




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Unit 4 Bank Reconciliation Statement

Glossary : Bank statement, Bank reconciliation, Unpresented cheque, Uncredited cheque, Bank charges, Cheque

book, Standing order, Dishonoured cheque, Credit transfer, Bank giro transfer, Interest on fixed deposit,Interest on overdraft, Bank overdraft

TIMEFRAM



SUGGESTEDON-LINE

2WEEK

S

Students should be able to: explain the reasons for

the discrepancybetween Cash Book(Bank Column) and BankStatement balances.

Bank Statement. Cash Book. Discrepancies between

Cash Book (BankColumn) and Bank

Statement.

Displays a sample of aBank Statement andexplains the entries.

http://teachers.cie.org.uk/teacherssupport/pdf/7110s03gp 2.pdf


http://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachers%20support/pdf/7110%20s03gp%202.pdfhttp://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachers%20support/pdf/7110%20s03gp%202.pdfhttp://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachers%20support/pdf/7110%20s03gp%202.pdfhttp://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachers%20support/pdf/7110%20s03gp%202.pdfhttp://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachers%20support/pdf/7110%20s03gp%202.pdfhttp://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachers%20support/pdf/7110%20s03gp%202.pdfhttp://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachers%20support/pdf/7110%20s03gp%202.pdf


14/43

TIMEFRAM



SUGGESTEDON-LINE

explain the need forBank Reconciliation.

review transactionsmissing from the CashBook (Bank Column) orthe Bank Statement bylisting:

the items in the CashBook not entered inthe Bank Statement

the items in theBank Statement notentered in the Cash

Book adjust the Cash Book

(Bank Column) prepare a Bank

ReconciliationStatement starting fromthe Cash Book balance

prepare a BankReconciliationStatement starting fromthe Bank Statementbalance

prepare a BankReconciliationStatement when there isa bank overdraft

Adjust the Cash Book(Bank Column).

Bank ReconciliationStatement starting withCash Book (BankColumn) balance.

Bank ReconciliationStatement starting withBank Statementbalance.

Differing openingbalances and errors inthe Cash Book (Bank

Column) and the BankStatement. Bank overdraft and

Bank ReconciliationStatement.

Allow one student toenter transactions in the

Cash Book while thepartner records them inthe Bank Statement.Teacher supplies thetransactions.

Demonstrates atransaction onuncredited deposit andexplains the need forBank Reconciliation.

Compare a Bank

Statement with CashBook (Bank Column)entries.

Show the Cash Bookadjustment.

Introduce the termsuncredited cheques andunpresented cheques.

Demonstrates how aBank ReconciliationStatement is prepared.

Explains the transactionthat causes the openingbalances in Cash Book(Bank Column) and BankStatement to differ.

Explains how to dealwith errors in Cash Book

http://www.franklencomputer.com/check

writing_more_information.html

http://www.accaglobal.com/cpdrealise/

http://accounting10.tripod.com/content.html

http://www.goggle.c

om(search for bankreconciliation)

http://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/ebusiness


http://www.franklencomputer.com/check%20writing_more_information.htmlhttp://www.franklencomputer.com/check%20writing_more_information.htmlhttp://www.franklencomputer.com/check%20writing_more_information.htmlhttp://www.franklencomputer.com/check%20writing_more_information.htmlhttp://www.accaglobal.com/cpdrealise/http://www.accaglobal.com/cpdrealise/http://accounting10.tripod.com/content.htmlhttp://accounting10.tripod.com/content.htmlhttp://accounting10.tripod.com/content.htmlhttp://www.goggle.com/http://www.goggle.com/http://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/ebusinesshttp://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/ebusinesshttp://www.franklencomputer.com/check%20writing_more_information.htmlhttp://www.franklencomputer.com/check%20writing_more_information.htmlhttp://www.franklencomputer.com/check%20writing_more_information.htmlhttp://www.accaglobal.com/cpdrealise/http://www.accaglobal.com/cpdrealise/http://accounting10.tripod.com/content.htmlhttp://accounting10.tripod.com/content.htmlhttp://accounting10.tripod.com/content.htmlhttp://www.goggle.com/http://www.goggle.com/http://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/ebusinesshttp://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/ebusiness


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(Bank Column). Explains how an

overdrawn balanceaffects the reconciliationprocess.

Role play-Groupstudents into groups ofbankers, traders,customers andsuppliers.

Unit 5 Trial Balance




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Glossary :Trial Balance, account balance, debit balance, credit balance, errors of omission, errors of commission,errors of principle, complete reversal of entries, compensating errors, errors of original entry, personalaccounts

TIMEFRAM



SUGGESTEDON-LINE

2

WEEKS

TRIAL BALANCE

Students should be able to: determine the closing

balance of an account list accounts which are

debit and credit innature.

state the purpose ofpreparing a TrialBalance

explain the limitations ofthe Trial Balance

recognize that it is astatement of ledgerbalances at a particulardate

identify and explainthose errors which donot affect the TrialBalance

Determining thebalance of an account

Balancing Assets andLiabilities Accounts

Trial Balance Purpose of a Trial

Balance Limitations of a Trial

balance

Show how a TrialBalance is preparedat the end of aTrading period byusing a simpleexample using simpletransactions

www.Accounting10.tripod.com

www.Bized.ac.uk


http://www.accounting10.tripod.com/http://www.accounting10.tripod.com/http://www.bized.ac.uk/http://www.accounting10.tripod.com/http://www.accounting10.tripod.com/http://www.bized.ac.uk/


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Unit 6 Financial Statements without adjustments

Glossary : Gross Profit, Gross Loss, Net Profit, Net Loss, Cost of Goods Available for Sale, Cost of Goods Sold(Cost of Sales), Additional cost of purchases, Net purchases, Net Sales, Operating Expenses,Other Revenue, Fixed Assets, Current Assets, Owners Equity (Proprietorship), Long TermLiabilities, Current Liabilities.

INCOME STATEMENT AND BALANCE SHEET (FINANCIAL STATEMENT)

3WEEKS

Students should be able to: calculate gross profit. calculate net profit or

losses draw up a Trading and

Profit and Loss Account. identify the additional

cost on purchases. determine the cost of

goods sold. transfer net profit/loss to

the capital account. close the Drawings

Account. explain how the closing

stock is valued.

Gross profit. Closing Nominal

accounts. Preparation of Trading

Account.

Closing stock, Openingstock.

Additional cost onpurchases.

Net profit. Preparation of Profit

and Loss Account. Closing of Nominal

Accounts affecting netprofit.

Closing of Drawings

Account. Balancing the Capital

Account. Net loss.

Transfer of AccountBalances to Final

Revise the closing ofnominal accounts.

Show the T-formatTrading and Profit andLoss Account on the

board.

www.Askltd.com

www.Staffs.ac.uk

www.Bized.ac.uk


http://www.askltd.com/http://www.staffs.ac.uk/http://www.bized.ac.uk/http://www.askltd.com/http://www.staffs.ac.uk/http://www.bized.ac.uk/


18/43

Accounts and CapitalAccount.

BALANCE SHEET

Students should be able to: classify assets into Fixed

and Current Assets. classify liabilities into

Long Term and CurrentLiabilities.

prepare a Balance Sheetfrom a Trial Balance.

Balance Sheet. Assets and Liabilities. Owners Equity. Preparation of the

Balance Sheet.

Book-keepingprocedure up to theBalance Sheet.

Analysis of the BalanceSheet.

Balance SheetEquation.

Show the format ofbalance sheet andfinancial postion.

WWW.Askltd.com

WWW.Staffs.ac.uk

WWW.Bized.ac.uk


http://www.askltd.com/http://www.staffs.ac.uk/http://www.bized.ac.uk/http://www.askltd.com/http://www.staffs.ac.uk/http://www.bized.ac.uk/


19/43

Unit 7 Balance Day Adjustments

Glossary : Accounting basic concepts, accrued, accruals, accrued expenses, accrued revenue, balance dayadjustments, expenses, revenue, prepayments, revenue prepaid, revenue received in advance,unearned revenue.

TIMEFRAME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS SUGGESTED TEACHINGLEARNING ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTEDON-LINE

ACCRUALS AND PREPAYMENTS

2WEEK

S

Students should be able to: recognise the

importance of matchingcosts and revenues

make the ledger entriesfor the followingbalance day

adjustments:Accrued ExpensesAccrued Revenue Prepaid ExpensesUnearned Revenue

Accounting Principlesand Balance DayAdjustments.

Accrued Expenses. Accrued Revenue. Prepaid Expenses. Unearned Revenue or

Revenue received inadvanced.

Explain the accountingperiod concept,matching and accrualconcepts

Explanation withexamples taken fromsimple transaction

relating to accrued andprepaid expenses andincome.

Show the simple stepsin recordingtransactions.

http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accruals_and_prepayments/

http://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/

infosystems/bait/work05.htm

www.Ventureline.Com/Glossary.asp

http://www.nrbarton.co.uk/about/ourservices_bookkeeping08.html

www.C21accounting.com/student/green/gj_student_text_mat

erials_frame.html


http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accruals_and_prepayments/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accruals_and_prepayments/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accruals_and_prepayments/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accruals_and_prepayments/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accruals_and_prepayments/http://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/work05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/work05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/work05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/work05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/work05.htmhttp://www.ventureline.com/Glossary.asphttp://www.ventureline.com/Glossary.asphttp://www.nrbarton.co.uk/about/ourservices_bookkeeping08.htmlhttp://www.nrbarton.co.uk/about/ourservices_bookkeeping08.htmlhttp://www.nrbarton.co.uk/about/ourservices_bookkeeping08.htmlhttp://www.nrbarton.co.uk/about/ourservices_bookkeeping08.htmlhttp://www.c21accounting.com/student/green/gj_student_text_materials_frame.htmlhttp://www.c21accounting.com/student/green/gj_student_text_materials_frame.htmlhttp://www.c21accounting.com/student/green/gj_student_text_materials_frame.htmlhttp://www.c21accounting.com/student/green/gj_student_text_materials_frame.htmlhttp://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accruals_and_prepayments/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accruals_and_prepayments/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accruals_and_prepayments/http://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/work05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/work05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/work05.htmhttp://www.ventureline.com/Glossary.asphttp://www.ventureline.com/Glossary.asphttp://www.nrbarton.co.uk/about/ourservices_bookkeeping08.htmlhttp://www.nrbarton.co.uk/about/ourservices_bookkeeping08.htmlhttp://www.nrbarton.co.uk/about/ourservices_bookkeeping08.htmlhttp://www.c21accounting.com/student/green/gj_student_text_materials_frame.htmlhttp://www.c21accounting.com/student/green/gj_student_text_materials_frame.htmlhttp://www.c21accounting.com/student/green/gj_student_text_materials_frame.html


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Glossary : Depreciation, Straight Line Method, Reducing Balance Method/ Diminishing Method, Revaluation method,Provision for Depreciation, Disposal, Gain on Disposal, Loss on Disposal

TIMEFRAM

ESPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS SUGGESTED TEACHING

LEARNING ACTIVITIESSUGGESTED

ON-LINE

DEPRECIATION AND DISPOSAL OF FIXED ASSETS

3WEEK

S

Students should be able to: explain depreciation. state and explain the

causes of depreciation. calculate annual

depreciation. record depreciation of

fixed assets in thegeneral ledger.

record provision fordepreciation.

adjust depreciation inIncome Statements

adjust provision fordepreciation in theBalance Sheet.

explain disposal. calculate Gain or Loss

on Disposal. provision for

depreciation amount inthe Disposal a/c.

Causes and Reasons ofDepreciation.

Methods ofDepreciation:-

Straight lineReducing balanceRevaluation

Recording theDepreciation of FixedAssets.

Recording Provision forDepreciation a/c, itseffect in the IncomeStatement and BalanceSheet.

Disposal Account. Fixed Assets a/c. Gain/ Loss on Disposal =

Selling Price-Net BookValue.

Provision fordepreciation on fixedasset disposed.

What is the relevancy ofmatching concept to thedepreciation of fixedassets?

Demonstrate andexplaining the differentmethods.

Recording the doubleentry between Provisionfor Depreciation a/c andits effect in the IncomeStatement and BalanceSheet.

Demonstrate on theboard the disposalaccount and effect onthe Fixed assets a/c.

Show the gain/loss on

disposal in relevantaccounts.

http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/depreciation_the_straight_line_method/

http://www.calcbuilder.com/cgi-bin/calcs/AUT2.cgi/aol_gigitalcities

(A software to help carowners estimates theirvehicles value-try out ithas a depreciationcalculator!)

http://www.depreciat

ionsoftware.com/features.html( to simplifies thetedious fixed asstmanagement process)


http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/depreciation_the_straight_line_method/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/depreciation_the_straight_line_method/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/depreciation_the_straight_line_method/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/depreciation_the_straight_line_method/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/depreciation_the_straight_line_method/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/depreciation_the_straight_line_method/http://www.calcbuilder.com/cgi-bin/calcs/AUT2.cgi/aol_gigitalcitieshttp://www.calcbuilder.com/cgi-bin/calcs/AUT2.cgi/aol_gigitalcitieshttp://www.calcbuilder.com/cgi-bin/calcs/AUT2.cgi/aol_gigitalcitieshttp://www.calcbuilder.com/cgi-bin/calcs/AUT2.cgi/aol_gigitalcitieshttp://www.depreciationsoftware.com/features.htmlhttp://www.depreciationsoftware.com/features.htmlhttp://www.depreciationsoftware.com/features.htmlhttp://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/depreciation_the_straight_line_method/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/depreciation_the_straight_line_method/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/depreciation_the_straight_line_method/http://www.calcbuilder.com/cgi-bin/calcs/AUT2.cgi/aol_gigitalcitieshttp://www.calcbuilder.com/cgi-bin/calcs/AUT2.cgi/aol_gigitalcitieshttp://www.calcbuilder.com/cgi-bin/calcs/AUT2.cgi/aol_gigitalcitieshttp://www.depreciationsoftware.com/features.htmlhttp://www.depreciationsoftware.com/features.htmlhttp://www.depreciationsoftware.com/features.html


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depreciation

(more into depreciation)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depreciationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depreciationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depreciationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depreciation


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Glossary : Bad Debts, Credit Sales, Debtors, Bad Debts Written-off, Recovery of Bad Debts, Partial Settlement ofDebtors, Doubtful Debts, Provision for Doubtful Debts.

TIMEFRAME

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTSSUGGESTED TEACHINGLEARNING ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTEDON-LINE

BAD DEBTS AND PROVISION FOR DOUBTFUL DEBTS

2WEEKS

Students should be able to : explain the credit sales. explain the reasons for

incurring bad debts. explain the difference

between bad debts anddoubtful debts.

explain recovery of baddebts and partialsettlement of debts.

prepare journal andledger for writing-off baddebts, recovery of baddebts and makingprovision for doubtfuldebts.

show the effects of baddebts, recovery of baddebts and provision fordoubtful debts in IncomeStatement and Balance

Sheet.

Bad Debts : Bad Debts Writing-off Bad Debts Recovery of Bad Debts Partial Settlement of

Debtors Difference between Bad

Debts and DoubtfulDebts

Provision for DoubtfulDebts :

Creation, Increasing Decreasing When Provision for

Doubtful Debts and BadDebts Accounts existsimultaneously

Explains the credit sales,existence of debtors andbad debts.

Ask students tointerview sole traders onthe effect of credit salesand bad debts to theirbusinesses.

Explains journal andledger entries for BadDebts written-off,Recovery of Bad Debtsand Partial Settlement ofDebtors.

Explains the effects ofcreation, increasing anddecreasing of Provisionfor Doubtful Debts inIncome Statement andBalance Sheet.

http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accounting_for_bad_and_doubtful_debts/

http://www.insolvencyhelpline.co.uk

https://secure.mas.gov.sg/msb/msbQuery.Cfm?tableset=i&tablename =115&tno=17


http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accounting_for_bad_and_doubtful_debts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accounting_for_bad_and_doubtful_debts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accounting_for_bad_and_doubtful_debts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accounting_for_bad_and_doubtful_debts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accounting_for_bad_and_doubtful_debts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accounting_for_bad_and_doubtful_debts/http://www.insolvencyhelpline.co.uk/http://www.insolvencyhelpline.co.uk/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accounting_for_bad_and_doubtful_debts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accounting_for_bad_and_doubtful_debts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/accounting_for_bad_and_doubtful_debts/http://www.insolvencyhelpline.co.uk/http://www.insolvencyhelpline.co.uk/


23/43

Glossary : Stock Valuation, Lower of Cost, Market value, Cost, historical cost principle, Conservatism principle,

TIMEFRAME


SUGGESTEDON-LINE

INVENTORY VALUATION

1WEEKS

Students should be able to :

State the importance ofthe correct valuation ofinventory.

understand the basis ofinventory valuation atthe lower of cost and netrealisable value.

Explain the basis ofvaluing the closing stockat the lower of cost ormarket price.

prepare simple inventoryvaluation statements.

Importance of CorrectValuation of inventory

Basis of Valuing of the

Closing Stock: Lower ofCost and Market Price. Effects of Different

Figures for stock.

Simple Inventoryvaluation statements.

http://tutor2u.net/business/presentations/accounts/stockvaluation/default.html

http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O18-inventoryvaluation.html

http://www.principlesofaccounting.com/chapter%208.htm


http://tutor2u.net/business/presentations/accounts/stockvaluation/default.htmlhttp://tutor2u.net/business/presentations/accounts/stockvaluation/default.htmlhttp://tutor2u.net/business/presentations/accounts/stockvaluation/default.htmlhttp://tutor2u.net/business/presentations/accounts/stockvaluation/default.htmlhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O18-inventoryvaluation.htmlhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O18-inventoryvaluation.htmlhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O18-inventoryvaluation.htmlhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O18-inventoryvaluation.htmlhttp://www.principlesofaccounting.com/chapter%208.htmhttp://www.principlesofaccounting.com/chapter%208.htmhttp://www.principlesofaccounting.com/chapter%208.htmhttp://tutor2u.net/business/presentations/accounts/stockvaluation/default.htmlhttp://tutor2u.net/business/presentations/accounts/stockvaluation/default.htmlhttp://tutor2u.net/business/presentations/accounts/stockvaluation/default.htmlhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O18-inventoryvaluation.htmlhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O18-inventoryvaluation.htmlhttp://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O18-inventoryvaluation.htmlhttp://www.principlesofaccounting.com/chapter%208.htmhttp://www.principlesofaccounting.com/chapter%208.htmhttp://www.principlesofaccounting.com/chapter%208.htm


24/43

Glossary : Trading concern, non-trading concern, capital expenditure, capital receipts, revenue expenditures, revenuereceipts.

TIMEFRAME


SUGGESTEDON-LINE

CAPITAL AND REVENUE EXPENDITURES AND RECEIPTS

1WEEKS

Student should be able to: distinguish and account

for capital and revenueexpenditures.

distinguish and accountfor capital and revenuereceipts.

list and compare thecapital and revenueexpenditures andreceipts of a tradingconcern and non-tradingconcern.

calculate and comment

on the effect on profit ofincorrect treatment

calculate and commenton the effect on assetvaluations of incorrecttreatment.

Difference betweencapital and revenueexpenditures.

Difference betweencapital and revenuereceipts.

Capital and revenueexpenditures of atrading concern andnon-trading concern.

Capital and revenuereceipts of tradingconcern and non-tradingconcern.

Introduce the terms:capital expenditure,revenue expenditure,capital receipts andrevenue receipts.

List on the board (intable form) theexpenditures andincome of a tradingconcern and non-tradingconcern.

Divide the class into 2groups, then let themcontact local shop for 1

group and the othergroup to contact a localclub. Ask the shop andthe club about theircapital and revenueexpenditures and

http://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/a

ccounting/work03.html

http://teacher.cie.org.uk/teacher_support/pdf/7110_w03_gp_1.pdf


http://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work03.htmlhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work03.htmlhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work03.htmlhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work03.htmlhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work03.htmlhttp://teacher.cie.org.uk/teacher_support/pdf/7110_w03_gp_1.pdfhttp://teacher.cie.org.uk/teacher_support/pdf/7110_w03_gp_1.pdfhttp://teacher.cie.org.uk/teacher_support/pdf/7110_w03_gp_1.pdfhttp://teacher.cie.org.uk/teacher_support/pdf/7110_w03_gp_1.pdfhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work03.htmlhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work03.htmlhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work03.htmlhttp://teacher.cie.org.uk/teacher_support/pdf/7110_w03_gp_1.pdfhttp://teacher.cie.org.uk/teacher_support/pdf/7110_w03_gp_1.pdfhttp://teacher.cie.org.uk/teacher_support/pdf/7110_w03_gp_1.pdf


25/43

receipts. Presentation inthe class will follow.

Divide students intogroups. Teachersprepare examples ofcapital, revenues andexpenditures on a

manila cards and askstudents to identifythem into theircategories.




26/43

Unit 8 Financial Statements with Adjustments

Glossary : Refer to Unit 5, 7, 8 and 9.

TIMEFRAM



SUGGESTEDON-LINE

3WEEK

S

Students should be able to: explain thedifference between atrading business and aservice business

prepare incomestatements (trading andprofit and lossaccounts) and balancesheets for tradingbusinesses in either

horizontal or verticalform

prepare incomestatements (profit andloss accounts) andbalance sheets forservice businesses ineither horizontal orvertical form

make adjustmentsfor provision for

depreciation using thestraight line (equalinstalment), diminishing(reducing) balance andrevaluation methods make adjustments

The effects and howthese reflect on theIncome Statement andBalance Sheet.

Expenses. Revenue. Prepayments. Revenue prepaid. Revenue received in

advance.

Unearned revenue.Depreciation of FixedAssets.

Bad Debts andProvisions

Drawings of goods

Refer to Unit 5, 7, 8 and9.

Refer to Unit 5, 7, 8and 9.




27/43

for accrued and prepaidexpenses and accruedand prepaid income make adjustmentsfor bad debts andprovisions for doubtfuldebtsmake adjustments

for goods taken bythe owner for ownuse.




28/43

Unit 9 Manufacturing Accounts

Glossary : Cost of Raw Materials Consumed, Direct Costs, Prime Costs, Factory Overheads/Indirect Cost, Costs OfProduction, Cost of Manufacturing, Work In Progress, Unfinished goods, Stock of Unfinished goods,Gross Profit on Trading, Market Price of Finished Goods, Finished Goods.

TIMEFRAME


SUGGESTEDON-LINE

3WEEKS

Students should able to : define the two types of

costs :Direct Cost (Prime

Cost) Indirect Cost

prepare themanufacturing account.

give examples of DirectCost and Indirect Cost compute the Prime Cost calculate the Cost of

Manufacturing(production)

show the treatment ofWork In Progress

prepare IncomeStatements to calculategross profit and netprofit of a manufacturingbusiness

prepare the BalanceSheet of amanufacturing business

make adjustments to

Manufacturing Account:Costs of RawMaterials.

Direct Costs.Prime Costs. Indirect Costs.Work In Progress.Costs of Production.

Market Price.Manufacturing Profit.

Manufacturers Tradingand Profit and LossAccount :

Finished Goods.Gross Profit onmanufactured andfinished goods.

ManufacturersBalance SheetClosing Stock On RawMaterials.

Closing Stock onFinished Goods.

Educational visit tomanufacturing firm forthe students able tounderstand the Cost ofRaw Materials, DirectCost, Indirect Cost andCost Of Production.

Assign a project for eachgroup in a class to

manufacture simpleproduct and ask thestudents to calculateCost of Raw Materials,Direct Cost, Indirect Costand Cost of Production.

Provide 1 product andask students to identifythe material used inproducing it andcalculate the cost (if

possible).

http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/manufacturing_accounts/

http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-

books/compiling_a_manufacturing_account_step_by_step/

http://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/test05.htm

www.staff.ucsm.ac.uk/.../Manufacturing%20Introduction%201.ppt http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/category/cost-accounting/manufacturing-accounts/


http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/manufacturing_accounts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/manufacturing_accounts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/manufacturing_accounts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/manufacturing_accounts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/manufacturing_accounts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/compiling_a_manufacturing_account_step_by_step/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/compiling_a_manufacturing_account_step_by_step/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/compiling_a_manufacturing_account_step_by_step/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/compiling_a_manufacturing_account_step_by_step/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/compiling_a_manufacturing_account_step_by_step/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/compiling_a_manufacturing_account_step_by_step/http://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/test05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/test05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/test05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/test05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/test05.htmhttp://www.staff.ucsm.ac.uk/.../Manufacturing%20Introduction%201.ppthttp://www.staff.ucsm.ac.uk/.../Manufacturing%20Introduction%201.ppthttp://www.staff.ucsm.ac.uk/.../Manufacturing%20Introduction%201.ppthttp://www.staff.ucsm.ac.uk/.../Manufacturing%20Introduction%201.ppthttp://www.staff.ucsm.ac.uk/.../Manufacturing%20Introduction%201.ppthttp://basiccollegeaccounting.com/category/cost-accounting/manufacturing-accounts/http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/category/cost-accounting/manufacturing-accounts/http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/category/cost-accounting/manufacturing-accounts/http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/category/cost-accounting/manufacturing-accounts/http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/category/cost-accounting/manufacturing-accounts/http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/category/cost-accounting/manufacturing-accounts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/manufacturing_accounts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/manufacturing_accounts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/manufacturing_accounts/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/compiling_a_manufacturing_account_step_by_step/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/compiling_a_manufacturing_account_step_by_step/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/compiling_a_manufacturing_account_step_by_step/http://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/test05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/test05.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/test05.htmhttp://www.staff.ucsm.ac.uk/.../Manufacturing%20Introduction%201.ppthttp://www.staff.ucsm.ac.uk/.../Manufacturing%20Introduction%201.ppthttp://www.staff.ucsm.ac.uk/.../Manufacturing%20Introduction%201.ppthttp://basiccollegeaccounting.com/category/cost-accounting/manufacturing-accounts/http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/category/cost-accounting/manufacturing-accounts/http://basiccollegeaccounting.com/category/cost-accounting/manufacturing-accounts/


29/43

financial statements. Work In Progress atthe end.




30/43

Unit 10 Correction of Errors and Suspense Account

Glossary : Errors of omission, Errors of commission, Errors of principle, Errors of original entry, Compensatingerrors, Reversal of entries, Suspense account, Differences in books, Understate, Overstate, Undercast,Overcast, Undervalue, Overvalue

TIMEFRAME


SUGGESTEDON-LINE

3WEEKS

Students should be ableto: lists, identify and

analyse errors notrevealed by a TrialBalance.

identify and correcterrors revealed by aTrial Balance with

Suspense Account. make journal and

ledger entriessupporting thecorrection of errors.

post entries toSuspense Accountwhere necessary.

analyze the effectsand correction oferrors on:

Trial Balance. Profit and Loss

Accounts. Balance Sheet.

Do Not Revealed Correction of errors not

revealed by a Trial Balancethru making journal andledger entries. Error of omission Error of commission Error of principle Compensating error Error of original entry Error of completereversal

Revealed: Creation of Suspense

Account when errorsrevealed by the TrialBalance: Wrong casting in thebooks of original entries. Incomplete doubleentries. Double entriescompleted but withdifferent amounts. Posting to the same side

Demonstrate correctionof error on the board thelist of transactions, whichdo not revealed andrevealed by trial balance.

Record the errors in theledger accounts andcorrect each error thruledger and journal

entries. Introduce and explain

the function of aSuspense Account whena Trial Balance totals arenot equal.

Identify and correcterrors, which affect theagreement of the TrialBalance totals and howthey are corrected.

Analyze the effects oferrors in Trial Balanceand draw up thecorrected Trial Balance.

Analyze the effects oferrors and also its

http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/the_trial_balance_errors/

http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-

books/correction_of_errors/

http://www.gen.com/archives/gen/1997/may2b/pg3a.htm

http://accounting10.tripod.com/slides11.1.ppt

http://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work04.htm

http://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/mod2.tsuspense.htm

http://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachersupport/p


http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/the_trial_balance_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/the_trial_balance_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/the_trial_balance_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/the_trial_balance_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/the_trial_balance_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/the_trial_balance_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/correction_of_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/correction_of_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/correction_of_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/correction_of_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/correction_of_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/correction_of_errors/http://www.gen.com/archives/gen/1997/may2b/pg3a.htmhttp://www.gen.com/archives/gen/1997/may2b/pg3a.htmhttp://www.gen.com/archives/gen/1997/may2b/pg3a.htmhttp://accounting10.tripod.com/slides11.1.ppthttp://accounting10.tripod.com/slides11.1.ppthttp://accounting10.tripod.com/slides11.1.ppthttp://accounting10.tripod.com/slides11.1.ppthttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work04.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work04.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work04.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/mod2.t%20suspense.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/mod2.t%20suspense.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/mod2.t%20suspense.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/mod2.t%20suspense.htmhttp://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachersupport/pdf/7110%20w03%20gp2.pdfhttp://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachersupport/pdf/7110%20w03%20gp2.pdfhttp://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/the_trial_balance_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/the_trial_balance_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/the_trial_balance_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/correction_of_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/correction_of_errors/http://www.howto.co.uk/business/bookkeeping-books/correction_of_errors/http://www.gen.com/archives/gen/1997/may2b/pg3a.htmhttp://www.gen.com/archives/gen/1997/may2b/pg3a.htmhttp://www.gen.com/archives/gen/1997/may2b/pg3a.htmhttp://accounting10.tripod.com/slides11.1.ppthttp://accounting10.tripod.com/slides11.1.ppthttp://accounting10.tripod.com/slides11.1.ppthttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work04.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work04.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/work04.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/mod2.t%20suspense.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/mod2.t%20suspense.htmhttp://www.bized.ac.uk/stafsup/options/accounting/mod2.t%20suspense.htmhttp://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachersupport/pdf/7110%20w03%20gp2.pdfhttp://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachersupport/pdf/7110%20w03%20gp2.pdf


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in both accounts. Correction of an error

requiring more than twoentries.

Effects of correction oferrors on Trial Balance.

Effects of correction oferrors on profit.

Effects of correction onBalance Sheet.

correction on Gross Profitand Net Profit.

Analyze the effects oferrors and also itscorrection on BalanceSheet.

Group work-1st Task-askeach group to makeerrors on purpose. Task2- exchange the taskwith different group andask them to correct theerrors.

df/7110 w03 gp2.pdf

http://www.google.com (search for book-keeping errors)

http://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/ebusiness

Unit 11 Control Account

Glossary : Subsidiary Ledger, Control Accounts, Trade receivables Control Account/ Revenue Ledger Control Account,Total Trade receivables Account, Trade payables Control Account/Raw materials Ledger Control Account,

Transfer (Contra), Minority Balances.

TIMEFRAM



SUGGESTEDON-LINE

2WEEK

S

Student should be able to: explain the purpose of

control accounts. draw up the Trade

receivables ControlAccount.

draw up the Tradepayables Controlaccount.

enter the followingitems into the relevantcontrol account:- credit

Control Account. Purposes / Uses of

Control Account. Trade receivables

Control Account. Trade payables Control

Account. Transfers ( Contras ). Minority Balances in

Control Accounts

Prepare the Tradereceivables Controlaccount and Tradepayables Controlaccount from the giventransactions.

Name the source ofinformation for theconstruction of bothcontrol accounts.

Show the uses of theControl Accounts

http://www.ventureline.com/glossary.asp

http://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/mod2_w_control.htm


http://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachersupport/pdf/7110%20w03%20gp2.pdfhttp://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/ebusinesshttp://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/ebusinesshttp://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/ebusinesshttp://www.ventureline.com/glossary.asphttp://www.ventureline.com/glossary.asphttp://www.ventureline.com/glossary.asphttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/mod2_w_control.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/mod2_w_control.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/mod2_w_control.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/mod2_w_control.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/mod2_w_control.htmhttp://teachers.cie.org.uk/teachersupport/pdf/7110%20w03%20gp2.pdfhttp://www.google.com/http://www.google.com/http://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/ebusinesshttp://www.ida.gov.sg/idaweb/ebusinesshttp://www.ventureline.com/glossary.asphttp://www.ventureline.com/glossary.asphttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/mod2_w_control.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/mod2_w_control.htmhttp://www.bized.co.uk/learn/accounting/infosystems/bait/mod2_w_control.htm


32/43

Revenue and rawmaterials, receipts andpayments, discounts,returns, bad debts,dishonoured cheque,interest on overdueaccount, contra entries,

refund, opening andclosing balances on bothsides of the accounts.

identify and use thebooks of prime entry assources of informationfor the control accountentries.

explain how thetransfers (contra)between the Revenue

and raw materialsledgers are presented inthe control accounts.

describe how minoritybalances arise and howthey affect the controlaccounts.

Unit 12 - Incomplete Records

Glossary : Incomplete records, Statement of Affairs, Single Entry, Capital Comparison, Analysis of records, Margin, Mark-up,Inventory Turnover

TIMEFRAM



SUGGESTEDON-LINE




33/43

3WEEK

S

Students should be able to: prepare an opening and

closing statement ofaffairs

calculate profit (beforetax) or net loss from

changes in capital calculate Revenue, raw

materials, bank balanceand gross profit fromincomplete information

apply margin, mark-upand Inventory turnovercalculations to arrive atmissing figures.

Statement of Affairs Calculate Profit or Loss

from IncompleteRecords

Comparison of CapitalMethod

Method of Analysis

Explain the importanceof double entry book-keeping.

Explain with example:- The calculation of

profit using

capitalcomparison andmethod ofanalysis

Organize students intogroups of five to seven.Try to find somevendors (schoolcanteen) who do notpractice the doubleentry system of book-keeping. Try offering theservice and suggest tothe vendor that thegroup can help them tocarry out the properway to book-keepingunder the double entrysystem. List out thesteps to be taken by thegroup of student on howto implement it.

Divide students into

groups. Give samples ofcertain source of documents or/and someadditional informationabout the business. Then ask them to

http://toolkit.cch.com/text/P06_1350.asp

(to find out more aboutsingle and double entryaccounting system)

http://www.accaglob

al.com/archive/sa_oldarticles/11670

(mastering thetechniques)


http://toolkit.cch.com/text/P06_1350.asphttp://toolkit.cch.com/text/P06_1350.asphttp://www.accaglobal.com/archive/sa_oldarticles/11670http://www.accaglobal.com/archive/sa_oldarticles/11670http://www.accaglobal.com/archive/sa_oldarticles/11670http://toolkit.cch.com/text/P06_1350.asphttp://toolkit.cch.com/text/P06_1350.asphttp://www.accaglobal.com/archive/sa_oldarticles/11670http://www.accaglobal.com/archive/sa_oldarticles/11670http://www.accaglobal.com/archive/sa_oldarticles/11670


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calculate the rawmaterials, Revenue,Trade receivables, Tradepayables, expenses,revenues and assets.




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Unit 13 Accounts of Clubs and Societies

Glossary : Receipts and payments accounts, Bar / Refreshments Trading, Bar / Refreshments profit, income andexpenditure account, surplus, deficit, accumulated fund, subscription account, subscriptions in advance,subscriptions in arrears.

TIME

FRAMESPECIFIC OBJECTIVES LESSON CONTENTS

SUGGESTED TEACHING

LEARNING ACTIVITIES

SUGGESTED

ON-LINE

3WEEKS

Student should be able to: distinguish between

Receipts and PaymentsAccounts and Incomeand ExpenditureAccounts.

draw up the Receiptsand Payments Accounts

prepare accounts forrevenue-generating

activities e.g.Refreshments andSubscriptions Accounts.

calculate theAccumulated Fund.

prepare the Income andExpenditure Accountsand Balance Sheets.

Comparison ofAccounting Terms Usedby a Business and ThoseUsed by a Club orSociety.

Receipts and PaymentsAccounts.

Income and ExpenditureAccounts.

Refreshments Trading

Account. Subscriptions Accounts. Accumulated Fund. Balance Sheets.

Discuss and explain:-Receipts and

Payments Accounts; Income and

ExpenditureAccounts.

Illustrate the similaritiesand differences betweennon-trading andbusiness organizations.

Calculate Accumulatedfund using simpleexamples.

Prepare subscription a/c. List the steps in

preparing the Financialstatements and balancesheet of non-tradingconcerns.

Ask students to imaginethemselves owning a

club (e.g badmintonclub)-provide info- termsof subscription, entrancefee and etc..The club hasa caf too.

Students will be given

www.bized.co.uk


http://www.bized.co.uk/http://www.bized.co.uk/


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documents with infoabout the caf e.gregarding therefreshments. From allthe above info, ask themto calculate therefreshment profit.

Using the same club,give additional info onexpenses and income tocalculate thesubscription and surplus.




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Unit 14 Limited Companies

Glossary : Authorised, Registered or Nominal Capital, Issued capital, Subscribed capital, Called-up capital, Uncalledcapital, Paid-up capital, Unpaid-up capital, Ordinary shares, Preference shares, Deferred shares,Debentures, Dividends, Interim dividends, Final dividends, Shareholders fund.

TIME

FRAME


SUGGESTEDON-LINE

3WEEK

S

Student should be able to: describe the features of

a Limited Company. distinguish between

limited and unlimitedliability.

Understand anddistinguish betweenauthorized, called-up,

paid-up share capital. explain the differences

between share capital(ordinary shares andpreference shares) andloan capital(debentures).

explain the differentclasses of capital of alimited companycomprising preference

share capital, ordinaryshare capital, generalreserve and retainedprofits.

calculate the dividendspaid on shares.

Limited Companies andtheir Features.

Classification of Capital. Classes of Shares. Debentures. Profit and Loss Account

of a Limited Company. Dividends. Balance Sheet of a

Limited Company. Comparison of the

Capital Structure of theSole Trader, Partnershipand Limited LiabilityCompany.

Describe the features of alimited company.

Compare the abovefeatures with other type ofbusiness i.e. soleproprietorship andpartnership.

Explain the meaning of thedifferent classification ofcapital.

Explain the differentclasses of shares withrespect to the payment ofdividends.

Explain the function ofDebentures and highlighttheir differences withshares of a company.

Explain final and interimdividends and how they arecalculated for the differentshares.

Prepare the format ofAppropriation accountshowing clearly thecalculation of dividends

Explain shareholders fundsand how they are

Visit coco cola website at:www.Cocoacola.ComRefer to the latestannual report andask student toidentify relevantitems.

Log on to theRegistrar of Companies website at:www.rcb.gov.sg

http://sbinformation.about.com/cs/ownership1/a/LLC.htm


http://www.cocoacola.com/http://www.cocoacola.com/http://www.rcb.gov.sg/http://sbinformation.about.com/cs/ownership1/a/LLC.htmhttp://sbinformation.about.com/cs/ownership1/a/LLC.htmhttp://sbinformation.about.com/cs/ownership1/a/LLC.htmhttp://www.cocoacola.com/http://www.cocoacola.com/http://www.rcb.gov.sg/http://sbinformation.about.com/cs/ownership1/a/LLC.htmhttp://sbinformation.about.com/cs/ownership1/a/LLC.htmhttp://sbinformation.about.com/cs/ownership1/a/LLC.htm


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contrast the capitalstructure of soleproprietorships,partnerships and limitedcompanies.

prepare theappropriation account.

calculate the shareholders fund.

calculated. Compare Financial

statements betweenSole Proprietorship andPartnership.

Group work-Each produceconcept map/ flow chartshowing steps in preparingthe final account for bothLimited companies andpartnership and make thecomparison.(Teacher willassess the work done fromeach group).

Unit 15 Partnership

Glossary : Partnership Agreement, Interest on Capital or Drawings, Share of Profit, Current Account, Profit and LossAppropriation Account

TIMEFRAM



SUGGESTEDON-LINE

3WEEK

S

Students should be able to: Contrast a partnership

with a soleproprietorship.

Explain the advantagesand disadvantages offorming a partnership

Outline the importanceand contents of apartnership agreement.

calculate interest oncapital and interest ondrawings

Comparison betweenPartnership and SoleProprietorshipbusinesses.

The Advantages andDisadvantages of Partnership Businesses.

Partnership Agreement Loans from partners Interest on capital Partners salaries Interest on Drawings

Explain with example:- The Profit and Loss

AppropriationAccount.

The Current Accountof the partner.

The Owners Equity is

presented in theBalance Sheet withdetails of the CurrentAccounts OR thebalance broughtforward only.

www.Tutor2u.net

www.Bized.ac.uk

www.Accounting10.tripod.com

www.Accaglobal.com


http://www.tutor2u.net/http://www.bized.ac.uk/http://www.accounting10.tripod.com/http://www.accounting10.tripod.com/http://www.accounting10.tripod.com/http://www.accaglobal.com/http://www.accaglobal.com/http://www.tutor2u.net/http://www.bized.ac.uk/http://www.accounting10.tripod.com/http://www.accounting10.tripod.com/http://www.accaglobal.com/http://www.accaglobal.com/


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draw up the incomestatement, profit andLoss AppropriationAccount and balancesheet.

draw up Capital andCurrent Account of a

partner.

Distribution of profits Profit and Loss

Appropriation account Capital and Current

Accounts of aPartnership

Balance Sheet

Compare Financialstatements betweenSole Proprietorshipand Partnership.

Group work-Eachproduce conceptmap/ flow chart

showing steps inpreparing the finalaccount for both soletrader andpartnership andmake thecomparison.(Teacherwill assess the workdone from eachgroup)




40/43

Unit 16 Interpretation and Analysis of Financial Statement

Glossary : Turnover, Interpret, Analyse, Acid-test ratio( quick/liquid ratio), Current ratio, Gross profit margin, Profit(before tax) margin, Average Inventory, Liquidity, Mark-up, Quick (liquid) assets, Rate of return on capital,Rate of Inventory turn, Ratio analysis, Working capital, Working capital ratio, Capital employed, Capitalowned.

TIMEFRAM



SUGGESTEDON-LINE




41/43

3WEEK

S

Student should be able to: understand and

calculate the accountingratios which measuresprofitability

understand and

calculate the accountingratios which measuresliquidity

prepare simplestatements showinginter-firm comparisonand recognize theirlimitations

understand how ownersand other interestedparties use accountingstatements

recognize the limitationsof accountingstatements

Importance ofinterpretation andanalysis of Financialstatements and balancesheet.

Calculation of

profitability ratios asfollows: Return on capital

employed (ROCE) Gross profit as a

percentage ofRevenue

Profit (before tax) asa percentage ofRevenue

Calculation of liquidityratios as follows: Current ratio Quick ratio Rate of Inventory

turnover Collection period for

Trade receivables Payment period for

Trade payables

Inter-form Comparison

Users of AccountingStatement Limitations of

Accounting Statements

Introduce with themeaning of the wordsinterpret andanalyse (use ofdictionary).

Show how to calculate

the different accountingratios based on givensituations.

Group students into 3/4.Show a financialstatements of abusiness, compare itsperformance for thegiven years using theaccounting ratios,Interpret and analysethe significance of the

accounting ratios in theFinancial statements andbalance sheet.

Group work- From casestudy ask students tocalculate and commentson the businessperformances and givingsuggestions on how toimprove and etc.

http://www.office.com/global (Usefulexplanations onfinancial analysis)

http://www.manage

mentsystems.net/benefits/benemain.htm

(Accountingsoftware to assist infinancial analysis)

http://www.ventureline.com/(Sampleindustry analysisand ratioscomputed)

http://www.sgx.com.sg Annual reportsof well-known retailchains.

http://www.accountingformanagement.com/accounting_ratios.htm


http://www.office.com/globalhttp://www.office.com/globalhttp://www.managementsystems.net/benefits/benemain.htmhttp://www.managementsystems.net/benefits/benemain.htmhttp://www.managementsystems.net/benefits/benemain.htmhttp://www.managementsystems.net/benefits/benemain.htmhttp://www.ventureline.com/http://www.ventureline.com/http://www.ventureline.com/http://www.sgx.com.sg/http://www.sgx.com.sg/http://www.accountingformanagement.com/accounting_ratios.htmhttp://www.accountingformanagement.com/accounting_ratios.htmhttp://www.accountingformanagement.com/accounting_ratios.htmhttp://www.accountingformanagement.com/accounting_ratios.htmhttp://www.accountingformanagement.com/accounting_ratios.htmhttp://www.office.com/globalhttp://www.office.com/globalhttp://www.managementsystems.net/benefits/benemain.htmhttp://www.managementsystems.net/benefits/benemain.htmhttp://www.managementsystems.net/benefits/benemain.htmhttp://www.ventureline.com/http://www.ventureline.com/http://www.sgx.com.sg/http://www.sgx.com.sg/http://www.accountingformanagement.com/accounting_ratios.htmhttp://www.accountingformanagement.com/accounting_ratios.htmhttp://www.accountingformanagement.com/accounting_ratios.htm


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REFERENCES:

Bookkeeping and Accounts; FT Prentice Hall; Frank Wood.

IGCSE Accounting; Cambridge; Catherine Coucom.

Principles of Accounts; Marshall Cavendish Education 2nd /3rd/4th/5th Edition; Betsy Li, Tan Sai Kim, Goh Lin Chin.




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Principles of Accounts; A complete Course with S.B.A Guides; CEP; David Ramlochan; Chairman Lalla

OLevel Principles of Accounts; Loh Boon Foo, Ng Kim Hwa; Longman

Principles of Accounts; Pearson Longman; Low-Wong Yee Yong, Wang-Aung Ah Hong.

RECOMMENDED BOOKLET FOR STUDENTS:

Principles of Accounts Topic by topic with Notes and Exercises;

1st Edition; Hjh Harita binti Hj Hassan & Marhani binti Hj Mohd Loto Upper Secondary 4-ISBN 99917-54-12-1

o Upper Secondary 5-ISBN 99917-54-13-x

