buletin pusat pengajian kejuruteraan bahan dan sumber mineral

PPKBSM BERJAYA MENGANJURKAN PERSIDANGAN

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OFGLOBAL NETWORK FOR

INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY 2016(IGNITE 2016)

27 Januari 2016 - Universiti SainsMalaysia (USM) melalui Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral(PPKBSM) dan Toyohashi University ofTechnology (TUT, Japan) telah mengan-jurkan International Conference of GlobalNetwork for Innovative Technology ketiga(IGNITE 2016) pada 27 – 29 Januari 2016bertempat di Evergreen Laurel Hotel,Pulau Pinang. Tema yang dipilih untukpersidangan pada kali ini adalah'Advanced Materials for InnovativeTechnologies'. Persidangan ini telah diser-tai oleh lebih 250 orang peserta dalamnegara (52%) dan luar negara (46%) ter-masuk dari Jepun, Indonesia, Filipina danNew Zealand. Sebanyak 209 kertas kerjatelah dibentangkan dalam persidanganIGNITE 2016. Kertas kerja tersebut akanditerbitkan dalam Prosiding AIP (Scopus)manakala kertas kerja terpilih akan diter-bitkan dalam Journal of PolymerMaterials.

Persidangan IGNITE yang merupakanpenganjuran bersama USM and TUT buatkali ketiga telah mengukuhkan lagi jalinankerjasama antara Malaysia dan Japan,

khususnya kedua-dua institusi ini.IGNITE 2016 juga menjadi platform kepa-da penyelidik, jurutera dan pendidik pel-bagai bidang untuk membentangkan danmembincangkan inovasi yang palingbaharu serta cabaran yang dihadapi den-gan penyelesaian yang diterima pakaidalam bidang bahan termaju dan teknolo-gi inovatif.

Persidangan ini telah dirasmikan olehNaib Canselor USM, YBhg. Profesor Dato'Dr. Omar Osman dan upacara perasmianini turut dihadiri oleh En. Ryuji Noda(Konsul-Jeneral Negara Jepun keMalaysia), Timbalan Naib Canselor (TNC)(Hal Ehwal Akademik dan Antarabangsa),YBhg. Profesor Dato' Dr. Ahmad ShukriMustapa Kamal, TNC (Jaringan Industridan Masyarakat), YBhg. Profesor Dato' Dr.See Ching Mey, TNC (Penyelidikan danInovasi) YBhg. Profesor Dato' Dr.Muhamad Jantan, Dekan PPKBSMProfesor Dr. Zuhailawati Hussain,Pengerusi IGNITE 2016 USM, Profesor Dr.Hanafi Ismail dan Pengerusi IGNITE 2016TUT, Profesor Dr. Atsunori Matsuda.

UCAPAN ALUAN DEKAN, PROFESOR DR. ZUHAILAWATI

HUSSAIN

Assalamualaikum w.b.t dan SalamSejahtera.

Terlebih dahulu saya ucapkan syabasdan tahniah kepada ahli jawatankuasa

Buletin Enjinier di atas penerbitan BuletinEnjinier Jil. 18 Bil 01. Seperti sedia mak-lum, berkuatkuasa mulai 1 Januari 2016sehingga 31 Disember 2018, jawatankuasa pengurusan dan pentadbiran PusatPengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan danSumber Mineral (PPKBSM) akan diterajuioleh saya dan jawatankuasa yang baharudilantik oleh pihak Universiti. Amanahyang dipertanggungjawapkan ini adalahsangat berat dan sudah pasti penuh den-gan liku dan cabaran. PPKBSM telahditubuhkan pada 1986 dan semenjak itu,PPKBSM telah berjaya mencapai banyakkejayaan sehingga menjadi antara pusattanggungjawab (PTJ) yang cemerlang diUSM. Mengekalkan kecemerlanganadalah jauh lebih sukar daripada menca-painya. Oleh demikian, saya menyerukepada semua warga PPKBSM untukbersama berganding bahu bagi memas-tikan visi serta misi PPKBSM menjadi PTJyang dikenali, dihormati dan diiktiraf diperingkat global dan seterusnya dapatmenyumbang kepada kecemerlangan‘Menara Ilmu’ kita. Tidak dilupakan jugapenghargaan tidak terhingga diberikankepada mantan jawatankuasa penguru-san dan pentadbiran terdahulu diketuaioleh Profesor Dr. Hanafi Ismail di ataskejayaan menjadikan PPKBSM antara PTJyang disegani di USM. Saya danjawatankuasa pengurusan dan pentadbi-ran baharu PPKBSM amat mengharapkanteguran dan pandangan daripada semuapihak bagi memastikan PPKBSM teruscemerlang dan terbilang di masa hada-pan.

ENJINIERBuletin Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral

Bulletin for the School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia

JIL. 18 BIL. 01 No. ISSN: 1511-5275 http://www.usm.my JUN 2016

1Buletin Enjinier, Jun 2016

Naib Canselor USM, YBhg. Profesor Dato' Dr. Omar Osman (kanan) menyampaikancenderahati kepada Profesor Dr. Mitsuteru Inoue di majlis perasmian

persidangan IGNITE 2016.

Profesor Dr. Zuhailawati HussainDekan, Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan

Bahan & Sumber Mineral

TERAJU BARU PPKBSM

1 Januari 2016 - Mulai 1 Januari 2016,Pusat Pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan danSumber Mineral (PPKBSM) akan ditadbiroleh jawatan kuasa pengurusan baharudiketuai oleh Dekan, Profesor Dr.Zuhailawati binti Hussain. Beliau akandibantu oleh Profesor Ir. Dr. Mariatti bintiJaafar (Timbalan Dekan Akademik,Pelajar dan Alumni) dan Profesor MadyaDr. Khairunisak binti Abdul Razak(Timbalan Dekan Penyelidikan, Siswazahdan Jaringan). Jawatan PengerusiRancangan Kejuruteraan Bahan dia-manahkan kepada Profesor Madya Dr.Nurulakmal binti Mohd Sharif, Dr. MohdHazizan bin Mohd Hashim (PengerusiRancangan Kejuruteraan Sumber Mineral)manakala tanggungjawab PengerusiRancangan Kejuruteraan Polimer dipikuloleh Profesor Dr. Zulkifli bin Ahmad. Satujawatan baharu telah diwujudkan bagimenyelia proses akreditasi serta meng-galakkan program keusahawanan dandinamakan Pengerusi RancanganAkreditasi dan Unit Perniagaan. ProfesorMadya Dr. Azura A. Rashid telah diberikepercayaan menerajui jawatan baru ini.Semua lantikan ini berkuatkuasa sehingga31 Disember 2018.

PROFESOR DR. HANAFI ISMAILMENCIPTA KEJAYAAN DI

EUROINVENT 2016

22 Mei 2016 - Profesor Dr. HanafiIsmail dengan hasil inovasi, ProdukMultiFunctional Eco-RubFoam menciptakejayaan di pameran The 8th EuropeanExhibition of Creativity and Innovation(EUROINVENT 2016) di Iasi, Romania.EUROINVENT merupakan persidangan,pameran dan promosi kreativiti dan ino-vasi serta penganugerahan antarabangsayang berprestij di Eropah.

Profesor Dr. Hanafi Ismail mendapatanugerah pingat emas dan juga tiga

anugerah khas juri antarabangsa dariHighly Innovative Unique FoundationSaudi Arabia dan Universitatea TehnicsDin Cluj-Napoca Romania. Profesor Dr.Hanafi Ismail bersyukur dengan pencapa-ian yang diperolehi dan akan terus mem-beri sumbangan kepada USM melaluikejayaan seperti ini.

LAWATAN PEMERIKSA LUARPROGRAM KEJURUTERAAN

POLIMER

28 April 2016 - Pemeriksa luar bagiProgram Kejuruteraan Polimer, ProfesorDr. Greg Qiao dari University ofMelbourne, Australia telah mengadakankunjungan ke Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral.

Lawatan yang bermula dari 25 hingga28 April 2016 ini adalah merupakankeperluan yang telah ditetapkan olehUniversiti bagi program pra-siswazah dimana Pemeriksa Luar bertanggungjawabdalam menasihati dan menyumbang ideadalam melihat isi kandungan rancanganpra-siswazah khususnya.

Profesor Greg Qiao telah diberipendedahan yang khusus berkaitankurikulum bagi Program KejuruteraanPolimer seperti kurikulum setiap kursus,semakan dokumen berkaitan peperik-saan, jaringan, pengajaran dan per-jumpaan bersama pensyarah dan pelajardi samping berpeluang melawat makmal-makmal penyelidikan dan juga perpus-takaan.

Profesor Greg Qiao turut menyam-paikan syarahan pada hari terakhirlawatan beliau pada 28 April 2016.Syarahan yang bertajuk “TowardsPolymeric Platform TechnologyDevelopment’’ ini telah dihadiri oleh ramaipensyarah dan juga pelajar.

Buletin Enjinier, Jun 2016 2

Editorial Board

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Khairunisak

Abdul Razak

(Advisor)

Prof. Dr. Chow Wen Shyang(Chief Editor)

Dr. Shah Rizal Kasim

Dr. Raa Khimi Shuib

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pung Swee Yong

Dr. Hareyani Zabidi

Ms. Habsah Haliman

Assistant Editor

Ms. Hasnah Awang

Ms. Nor Asmah Redzuan

Profesor Dr. Hanafi Ismail (kanan) menerima anugerah EUROINVENT 2016.

USM- SHIZUOKA UNIVERSITY LABORATORY SHORT

TERM EXCHANGE PROGRAM

16 Jan 2016 - A group of three post-graduate students (Lim Zhe Xi, NurSyafinaz Ridhuan, and NorasiahMohammad Noordin) from the School ofMaterials & Mineral ResourcesEngineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM) led by Prof. Ir. Dr. Cheong KuanYew were invited to participate in theUSM-Shizuoka University LaboratoryShort Term Exchange Program (SSSV)2016 at Hamamatsu Campus, ShizuokaUniversity for 7 days (9–16 Jan 2016).This SSSV Program was fully sponsoredby Yamamoto International StudentFoundation with a total amount of JPY¥400,000.00. The group was hosted byProf. Hirokazu Tatsuoka, Department ofEngineering, Graduate School ofIntegrated Science and Technology. Thestudents participated in a research sym-posium and laboratory visits. The stu-dents also enjoyed sightseeing trip to fewtourism hotspots in Hamamatsu such asRyotanji Temple, Cave Ryugashido,Houkouji Temple, Tokinosumika FruitPark, Suzuki Plaza, and HamamatsuMuseum of Musical Instruments. The stu-dents were amazed with the workingenvironment and culture in ShizuokaUniversity and Japan especially the clean-liness, politeness as well as hard workingspirits.

SESI TEMUDUGA CALON PELAJAR PRA-SISWAZAH BAGI

AMBILAN SIDANG AKADEMIK2016/2017

16 Mei 2016 - Sesi temuduga calonpelajar pra-siswazah bagi ambilan padaSidang Akademik 2016/2017 telahdiadakan dari 11 hingga 16 Mei 2016. Iniadalah kali pertama di pusat pengajian ini(dan keseluruhan program di KampusKejuruteraan) membuat sesi temudugakepada calon sebelum layak ditawarkanpengajian di Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Kesemua calon yang hadir ke sesitemuduga ini merupakan calon yang telahdisenarai pendek melalui permohonanpohon@usm . Seramai hampir 300 orangcalon telah menghadiri temuduga di duapusat temuduga yang diadakan diKampus Kejuruteraan, USM dan di KualaLumpur. Beberapa orang pensyarah yangberpengalaman dilantik sebagai panelsemasa sesi temuduga dijalankan. Calon-calon yang menghadiri temuduga di pusatpengajian juga berpeluang untuk melihatkawasan sekitar Kampus Kejuruteraandan lawatan ke beberapa makmal.

SHORT COURSE ON THE INTRODUCTION TO

THE CHARACTERIZATION ANDPROCESSING OF RARE EARTH

ELEMENTS (REES)

12 January 2016 - Mineral ResourcesEngineering Program organised a ShortCourse on the Introduction to theCharacterization and Processing of RareEarth Elements (REEs). This event washeld at the School of Materials andMineral Resources Engineering and wasorganised upon a special request by theRare Earth Research Centre, UniversitiMalaysia Pahang (UMP). There were sixstaffs from this centre participated in thisshort course. The main objective of theshort course was to highlight and elabo-rate the terminology, definition, applica-tion and status of rare earth elements(REEs) in the world.

This event also served as a platformfor a future development on teaching andresearch of rare earth elements amongthe universities and mining industries,especially between USM and UMP. Firstday activities include talk and seminarconducted by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Kamar ShahAriffin, Dr. Hareyani Zabidi and Dr.Suhaina Ismail which covered the basis ofgeological occurrences, characterizationand processes of rare earth elements(REEs). Second day activities include visitand a round table discussion. This shortcourse received very positive feedbackfrom the participants and the committeedecided to have a second shortcoursefocusing the extraction process of REEs.

CERAMAH INDUSTRI DARIPADA FU HAO MANUFACTURING (M)

SDN. BHD.

19 April 2016 - Program KejuruteraanPolimer telah menganjurkan satu‘Industrial Talk’ yang bertujuan untukmemberikan pengetahuan tambahan ten-tang realiti sebenar dalam industri bagimembangunkan dan merekabentuk sesu-atu produk. En. Gary Teh merupakanPengurus Besar Fu Hao Manufacturing(M) Sdn. Bhd. bersama-sama dengan CikLin Pei Ching, Pengurus Kewangan telahhadir ke Pusat Pengajian KejuruteraanBahan & Sumber Mineral untuk berkongsipengalaman dan juga ilmu berkenaanrekabentuk produk dan juga bagaimanauntuk melaksanakan pengekosan bagisesuatu produk yang akan dipasarkan.Perkongsian ilmu selama 2 jam ini dapatmembantu para pelajar Tahun 4 membu-at pengekosan bagi rekabentuk modelkereta F1 yang sedang dibangunkan olehmereka bagi subjek rekabentuk ini.

AKTIVITI RAMADHAN: LAWATAN KE RUMAH ANAK YATIM

29 Jun 2016 - Sempena kedatanganAidilfitri, satu program lawatan sertamenyampaikan sumbangan ke rumahAnak Yatim Nur Hidayah, Changkat Jeringdan Rumah Anak Yatim Ummu Sofiah,Trong, Perak telah diadakan. Lawatan iniadalah hasil kerjasama Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral(PPKBSM) dan Kelab Sukan dan Rekreasi(KSR) PPKBSM.


Photo taken during USM-Shizuoka University Laboratory Short Term ExchangeProgramme.

CATHODIC PROTECTION FIELDTRIP TO NACE FMS

5 April 2016 - A total of 25 studentsand 7 staffs of School of Materials andMineral Resources Engineering participat-ed in a Cathodic Protection Field Triphosted and sponsored by NACEInternational-Founding Malaysia Section.The SMMRE staffs and students were wel-comed by Michelle Lau, the director ofNACE FMS. Then, Mr. Ahmad ShamiriWahab, the committee of NACE FMS, whois also a NACE certified CathodicProtection Technologist with 8 yearsworking experience in Cathodic ProtectionField, presented an introduction ofCathodic Protection to the students andstaffs. This was followed by hands onCathodic Protection demonstration. Thehands on were carried on the spot at theNACE FMS resource centre , guided by thecommittees of NACE FMS. A CathodicProtection Practical QA/QC checklist weregiven to students to ensure the studentsunderstands the demonstration and tosetup a CP system for data collection.

On the 5th April, the students, staffsand NACE FMS committee members weregathered and went to Klang for CathodicProtection on site practice. At theCathodic Protection site, the studentswere given a set of questionnaire whichrequired the students to make use of theequipment provided to obtain informationfrom the test field. In the questionnaire,the students were required to collect datafrom various Cathodic Protection Systemssuch as Sacrificial Cathodic ProtectionSystem and Impressed Current CathodicProtection System. At the end of the sitevisit, the group returned to NACEresource centre for a Q&A session.

After the Q&A session, a career talkwas given by Dr. Lee Chee Hong. He pre-sented an insight to the undergraduateson choosing their career path towardscorrosion specialist. Dr. Lee Chee Hongreceived his PhD in Corrosion Science andEngineering from the Corrosion andProtection Centre, School of Materials,University of Manchester (formerly knownas UMIST), UK. He is currently a leadmaterials & corrosion engineer forSynergy Engineering Group; his profes-sional practices include corrosion model-ling, specialist corrosion studies, metallur-gy, material selection with the aim of longterm integrity of facilities for the oil andgas sectors, power and process indus-tries. With his professional advises andexperience, the students were able toclear their doubts towards choosing theircareer path in the field of corrosion engi-neering.

LAWATAN KE RUMAHSEJAHTERA PERMATANG TINGGI

2 Feb 2016 - Kelab Sukan & RekreasiPPKBSM telah menganjurkan satulawatan ke Rumah Sejahtera PermatangTinggi yang bertempat di Bukit Mertajam.Terdapat 75 penghuni orang tua yangberusia di antara 60 hingga 91 tahunyang tinggal di Rumah Sejahtera ini.Rumah Sejahtera ini diuruskan bersamaoleh badan-badan NGO serta dibantukewangan dan kawalselia oleh JabatanKebajikan Masyarakat Malaysia. Lawatanini diketuai oleh Prof. Fauzi dan Prof.Chow serta diikuti oleh 6 rakan staf lain(Dr. Shah Rizal, Dr. Pung, En. Azam, PuanMahani, Puan Haslina dan En. Mokhtar)dan 4 pelajar PPKBSM. Sempena TahunBaru Cina 2016, Kelab Sukan & RekreasiPPKBSM telah mengambil inisiatif untukmenyumbangkan bantuan kepadapenghuni-penghuni Rumah SejahteraPermatang Tinggi.

Sumbangan dalam bentuk barangankeperluan (seperti, beras, minyak masak,milo, nestum, serbuk susu, cecair pencucibaju, dettol dan lain-lain) serta sejumlahsumbangan wang telah diberikan kepadaRumah Kebajikan Sejahtera tersebut.Profesor Dr. Chow dan Puan Haslina turutdiberi peluang memberikan limau man-darin kepada mereka yang menghuni dirumah tersebut. Satu lawatan yangmenarik dan menginsafkan dan diharap-kan pada masa depan, usaha sukarelasebegini boleh terus disumbangkansecara berkala dan marilah sama-samamemupuk amalan keperihatian yangmurni kepada masyarakat kita, khususnyagolongan orang tua yang memerlukansokongan dan keperihatinan kitabersama.


Participants of Cathodic Protection field trip at NACE’s CP test site, Klang.

Lawatan staf dan pelajar ke Rumah Sejahtera Permatang Tinggi.

PRIM BEST STUDENT AWARD

19 March 2016 - Congratulations toPolymer Engineering student’s, WangLeong Kwan, who has won the PRIM BestStudent Awards from Plastic and RubberInstitute Malaysia (PRIM). PRIM invitesnominations every year from universitiesin Malaysia competing for the awards.The award was presented to the best stu-dent with outstanding academic achieve-ment and contribution to the university.Dato’ Dr Ong Eng Long, Technical Adviserfor Kossan Rubber Industries Sdn Bhd,presented the award at the event, held atSetia City Convention Centre, Selangor.Wang Leong Kwan received cash rewardsof RM1000 and plaque.

MPA-PRPG BEST FINAL YEAR PROJECT AWARD

24 June 2016 - Polymer Engineeringundergraduate student Nurul Farzana BtGafri has won the Best Final Year ProjectAward from Malaysia PetrochemicalsAssociation, Plastic Resins ProducersGroup (MPA-PRPG) in recognition of heroutstanding final project work. NurulFarzana, received the award for her proj-ect on ‘Preparation and Characterizationof Nanoemulsion Poly(methyl methacry-late): Effect of Monomer Loading '. Shewas presented with the award, along withRM 1000 prize money and certificate, byMr. Ishak Zainal Abidin, the MPA-PRPG 'sChairman.

NACE MALAYSIA USM STUDENTSECTION INDUSTRIAL TALK- A

REWARDING CAREER IN CORROSION

4 May 2016 - Industrial talk activity enti-tled “A Rewarding Career in Corrosion”was successfully organized by NACEMalaysian USM Student Section andSchool of Materials & Mineral ResourcesEngineering. The main objective of theevent was to introduce and to raise corro-sion awareness at a fundamental levelfrom the perspective of industry players.Three speakers, who are also NACEFounding Malaysia Section committeemembers were invited to give insights onthe prospects of corrosion science andmanagement in the industry. They wereMiss Sherine Wong Sian Yun fromSynergy Oil & Gas Engineering Sdn Bhd,Mr. Mohamad Hasrul Hilmi fromPETRONAS Penapisan (Melaka) Sdn Bhd.,and Miss Kamila Hamid from WoodGroups Kenny and their topics were“Career in the Corrosion Industries”,“Corrosion Engineers in Plant” and“Corrosion Management Frame” respec-tively. The event was attended by 70 par-ticipants, including lecturers and under-graduate students.


Wang Leong Kwan (left) received PRIM Best Student Award from Dato' Dr Ong Eng Long (right).

Nurul Farzana Bt Gafri (left) received MPA-PRPG Best Final Year Project Awardfrom Mr. Ishak Zainal Abidin (middle).

Photo taken during the NACE Malaysia USM Student Section Industrial Talk.

PROGRAM MIMATES KE SEKOLAH

7 Mei 2016 - Program “MIMATES KeSekolah” di Sekolah MenengahKebangsaan Lubok Buntar merupakanprogram kemasyarakatan yang bertujuanuntuk memperkenalkan Universiti SainsMalaysia dan Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan & Sumber Mineral(PPKBSM) kepada komuniti setempatsecara amnya dan para pelajar sekolahmenengah secara khususnya. Program inimerupakan anjuran Mineral & MaterialEngineering Society (MIMATES) dengankerjasama PPKBSM dan Transkrian HopeAssociation Malaysia (TRAM). Programmotivasi, ceramah kerjaya dan aktivitiberkumpulan telah diadakan dengantujuan untuk meningkatkan kemahiransosial dan kemahiran komunikasi duahala di kalangan pelajar sekolah danmahasiswa USM. Selain itu, program inidapat memupuk semangat kerjasamadan bertanggungjawab antara pelajarmelalui aktiviti berkumpulan yang telahdianjurkan.

MAJLIS MAKAN MALAM PUSATPENGAJIAN BAHAN DAN SUMBER

MINERAL SIDANG 2015/2016

12 Mei 2016 - Majlis makan malam PusatPengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan danSumber Mineral telah diadakan di DewanSerbaguna USM Kampus Kejuruteraan.Program ini dianjurkan oleh Mineral &Material Engineering Society (MIMATES)dengan kerjasama Pusat PengajianKejuruteraan Bahan dan Sumber Mineral(PPKBSM). Majlis ini diadakan bagi mera-patkan hubungan silaturahim antarapelajar PPKBSM dan meraikan pelajartahun 4 yang bakal menamatkan penga-jian mereka.


Gambar kenangan program MIMATES ke Sekolah Menengah KebangsaanLubok Buntar.

Gambar kenangan staf akademik bersama pelajar semasa Majlis Makan MalamPPKBSM.


List of SMMRE Postgraduate Students Viva from January 2016 - June 2016

No. Student Nama / Date Degree Title of Thesis Name of Supervisor

1 Muhamad Ridhwan Hafiz bin

Rosdi

14 January 2016

M.Sc Preparation and Development of an EVA Copolymer

Emulsification SystemProfesor Dr. Azlan Ariffin

2 Abdul Hakim bin Hashim

14 January 2016

Ph.D Preparation of Carbon Nanotubes Metal Oxides

Electrode by Electrophoretic Deposition for

Supercapacitor Application

Profesor Dr. Azizan AzizAssoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Azmin MohamadAssoc. Prof. Dr. Sharif Hussein Sharif Zein

3 Rohani binti Abdul Majid

15 February 2016

Ph.D Studies on Preparation and Properties of Poly (Vinyl

Chloride)/Epoxidized Natural Rubber/Kenaf Core

Powder Composites

Profesor Dr. Hanafi IsmailAssoc. Prof. Dr. Razaina Mat Taib

4 Robin Ong Su Kiat

11 April 2016

Ph.D Non-Destructive Electrical Test Detection on Copper

Wire Micro-Crack Weld Defect in Semiconductor

Device

Profesor Ir. Dr. Cheong Kuan Yew

5 Nor Suhaida binti Shahabudin

12 April 2016

M.Sc Optimization of Alumina Coated Scaffold Properties

and Its Biocompatibility AssessmentProfesor Dr. Zainal Arifin AhmadDr. Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah

6 Emee Marina binti Salleh

14 April 2016

Ph.D Mechanical Compatibility and Degradation of

Biodegradable Mg-Zn Alloy Based Composite

Fabricated Using Powder Metallurgy

Profesor Dr. Zuhailawati HussainDr. Sivakumar a/l Ramakrishnan

7 Dody Ariawan

27 April 2016

Ph.D Mechanical, Morphological, Thermal and Durability

Properties of Kenaf Fibre Reinforced Unsaturated

Polyester Fabricated by Resin Transfer Moulding

Profesor Dr. Zainal Arifin Mohd IshakAssoc. Prof. Dr. Razaina Mat Taib

8 Norwanis binti Hasan

28 April 2016

Ph.D Development of Cement Syntactic Foam and

Characterisations of Its Properties for Sound

Insulation Application

Assoc. Prof. Ir. Dr. Syed Fuad Saiyid HashimAssoc. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Mohamad Ariff

9 Hasniyati bt Md Razi

9 May 2016

Ph.D Mechanical and Biodegradable Properties of

Hydroxyapatite Coated Magnesium Deposited by

Cold Spray

Profesor Dr. Zuhailawati HussainDr. Sivakumar a/l Ramakrishnan

10 Myo Thuya Thein

27 May 2016

Ph.D Synthesis and Characterization of ZnO Based

NanocompositesAssoc. Prof. Dr. Pung Swee YongAssoc. Prof. Dr. Zainovia Lockman

11 Zaid Aws Ali Ghaleb Al-Bahiri

30 May 2016

Ph.D Preparation and Characterization of Graphene Filled

Epoxy Thin Film Nanocomposite for Electronic

Applications

Profesor Ir. Dr. Mariatti JaafarAssoc. Prof. Dr. Zulkifli Mohamad Ariff

12 Tan Pi Lin

31 May 2016

Ph.D Preparation and Characterization of

Metalloporphyrine Thin FilmProfesor Ir. Dr. Cheong Kuan YewProfesor Dr. Chow Wen ShyangProfesor Dr. Yeap Guan Yeow

13 Afifah binti Mohd Ali

10 June 2016

Ph.D Wear Resistant Performance of Zirconia Toughened

Alumina (ZTA) Added with MgO and CeO2

Profesor Dr. Zainal Arifin AhmadProfesor Dr. Mani Maran a/l RatnamDr. Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah

14 Shazlin binti Mohamed Shaari

14 June 2016

Ph.D Characterization and Properties of Chitosan-Filled

Natural Rubber CompoundsProfesor Dr. Hanafi IsmailAssoc. Prof. Dr. Nadras Othman

15 Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi bin

Othman

20 June 2016

Ph.D Synthesis and Characterization of Low Dielectric

Constant Hyperbranched Polyimide Containing S-

Triazine for Optoelectronic Application

Profesor Dr. Hazizan Md AkilProfesor Dr. Hasnah binti Osman

ANUGERAH PERKHIDMATAN CEMERLANG USM 2015

BIL NAMA JAWATAN KATEGORI

1 PROF. IR. DR. MARIATTI JAAFAR @ MUSTAPHA PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI VK7 AKADEMIK

2 PROF. MADYA DR. KHAIRUNISAK ABDUL RAZAK PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI DS54 AKADEMIK

3 PROF. MADYA IR. DR. SYED FUAD SAIYID HASHIM PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI DS54 AKADEMIK

4 PROF. MADYA DR. AZHAR ABU BAKAR PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI DS54 AKADEMIK

5 EN. MUHAMMAD KHAIRI KHALID PENOLONG JURUTERA JA29 TEKNIKAL

6 PN. FAUZIATUN DAHARI SETIAUSAHA PEJABAT N27 PENTADBIRAN

7 PN. ROSILA SULEIMAN SETIAUSAHA PEJABAT N27 PENTADBIRAN


KEJURUTERAAN BAHAN

TAHUN 1

NURSYAZWANI BINTI ISMAIL

ISAMUDDIN BIN MOHAMED IQUBAL

LEW MEI PEI

WONG PEI CHYI

LEE MOI GING

TAN YEE WERN

NG YI CHENG

ANG XUE YONG

LIM SIN JOU

TAN ZHI HUI

LIM WAN XUAN

SOO QIAN YEE

TAN MING XI

ONG CHIA CHIA

PAULINE KONG SWEE KEI

YAP SAW YIN

TAHUN 2

HEAH SOO MEI

WONG CHEE LEONG

IVON TIEW

KONG CHEE XIAN

OOI LHAANG CHEE

CHAI SHIR YING

TAHUN 3

AARON TAN CHENG SHIONG

TAN PENG PHIN

TAN JOO KEAN

LIM CHUN MING

LIM ZE EN

OOI CHIA YING

TEH JIN JIAN

FUN YAN CHIN

SOO KUAN LIM

KHOR YONG LING

THOR JIN ANN

SOO SOCK KUAN

LEE ANGIE

CHEAH WEI KIAN

ONG YEE CHIN

TAHUN 4

NUR ADRIANA NAZIFA BINTI ABU

BAKAR

HOR CHEE HOONG

LOW JIONG XIONG

NG PHOOI YAN

NUR AISHAH BINTI MOKHTAR

NURSYAHIRAH BINTI ISMAIL

OOI SHEE MIN

MAIZATUL SYIMA NUR BINTI NORAINI

AHMAD IKMAL BIN MOHD RADZI

AZLINA BT AZMAN CHEAH

FOONG SUET KAY

HO HONG HUI

LIM WENG LIP

MOHAMAD FAIZAL BIN MOHD RAZALI

NEOH SOO HUAN

NUR FAREEZA BINTI KARIM

TAN ZHI QIN

WAN KIN CHOONG

WONG PHUI JIN

WONG SI MIN

JOANNA ANUSHA A/P DARMARAJAH

KOH LIAN JUN

LEONG QIAO LIN

LIM SHI HONG

CHAN JI KIT

LAI CHAI MEI

LEE WEI KEAN

TANG CHIN WUI

BEH CHIN YE

CH'NG MUN SUNN

CHONG SU FANG

HOO XIAO FEN

LAW HON KIN

LEONG TENG TENG

LOO FOONG LING

LOW SU YEIAN

TENG JIN WEN

YONG XUAN HUI

KEJURUTERAAN SUMBER MINERAL

TAHUN 1

NUR AZLINAH BINTI ABDUL RAHMAN

TAHUN 2

SUCHITRA A/P PERUMAL

NORFATEHA BINTI AB HAN

TAHUN 3

MUHAMMAD HARITH IRFAN BIN

KHAIRUL ANWAR

MAISARAH BINTI AHMAD BAKARI

TAHUN 4

SHAFINAS BINTI SAAD

MOHAMAD NAZRIN BIN MOHAMAD

GHAZALI

MUHAMAD ASYRAF B ABDUL WAHID

OLLEMADTHEE A/P KUNASAGARAN

YAP HUEI YEONG

SITI NORAZURA BINTI MOHAMAD NOOR

KHAIRUL ZHAFIRAN BIN AWANG

MOHD AMIROL BIN AHMAD ZAMANHURI

NOOR SHAFIQAH ATIRAH BINTI NOOR-

SHAM

NOR ATIKAH BINTI RAMLI

AHMAD AMIRUL AIMAN BIN MOHD SAFIE

MUHAMAD NAIM BIN MOHD ISA

AHMAD SHAHIDDIN BIN ABU BAKAR

MUHAMMAD NOR SALAM BIN ABD

RANNI

NUR ZAFIRAH BINTI NOOR MOHAMAD

CHIK KEIN YANG

KHONG LING HAN

NOR FAZIRA BINTI MD ZAHIR

PUGALYENTHIRAN A/L SINAIYAH

YAO BENJAMIN

KEJURUTERAAN POLIMER

TAHUN 1

CHAI JUNYI

OO YEW HUI LIK

NG LEE YONG

TEW MAEI NEE

THNG CHIN SHENG

CHAN PEI WEN

LIM YUAN TING

TAN MEI PING

BONG POH YEE

CHUAH KIAN SHIANG

TAN SIEW MIAN

TAHUN 2

NUR SYAMSINAR BINTI SARDI

WAN ABDUR RAHMAN BIN WAN MOHD

AMIN

NURHAFIZ SYAZA BIN NORFAIZAL

YAP SOON YOU

DARRYL WONG JUN CHEN

CHUA JING TING

CHOW LI CHIN

NG CHI LOON

YAP CIA LING

ONG MUN YEE

TAHUN 3

LIM SHU BEE

LAW YEONG SHYANG

NEO EN PEI

THAI GAR LOCK

CHIEW KUAN ZHENG

GOH YIK XIANG

SOO HUI FEN

LEONG SIEW THUNG

JONG CHENG KIAT

CHAI POI SENG

GAN IVY

LOH LEH HEE

TEH YE SAM

TAHUN 4

FAHZIMRAN AFNOR BIN AFENDI

NAJAMUNIRAHAFIZA BINTI NAJAMULHAK

NURUL HAMIZAH BINTI MOHD NASIR

WAN MOHAMAD HAFIZ BIN MOHD

GHAZALI

NURMIZAN BIN MAIDIN

NURUL HUSNAA BINTI CHE HANAFI

TAN WAI KEAT

DEENA DEANNA BT AZHAR

LIM CHUNG YING

MUHAMMAD IZZAT BIN MOHAMMAD

ISBIR

MUHAMMAD NURUDDIN BIN MOHAR

NUR AZIMAH BINTI MD YUSOFF

OOI CHUAN HONG

ZURAIN NURIDAYU BT ZAILAN

CHUA LIAN TATT

LING LEE YING

NOR LIANA BINTI MOHD FOUZI

NURLIYANA AZREEN BINTI AZHAR

SIN YIN TIN

SITI HAJAR BINTI MD ISA

NOR HIDAYAH BINTI ZAKARIA

NURFATIHIN BINTI ALI

SYUKRIYAH BINTI MOHD YUSSOF

KUWN MOEI TING

LEE KAH CHOON

LIM WEE KIAN

LIM WEI CHUN

LIM YU HSIEN

NURUL FARZANA BINTI GAFRI

TIUN TZE THING

NASUHA BINTI MARZUKI

NORDALILA BINTI MOKSIN

NUR EZZA SOFIAH BINTI UMORUDDIN

JOYCE A/P MICHAEL RETNASINGAM

LEE CHEE KEONG

WANG LEONG KWAN

SENARAI SIJIL DEKAN SEMESTER II, SIDANG AKADEMIK 2015/2016SIJIL DEKAN


SENARAI STAF KENAIKAN PANGKAT

BIL NAMA JAWATAN TARIKH

KUATKUASA

1 ZULKIFLI BIN AHMAD, PROFESOR DR. PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI GRED KHAS C VK7 24.06.2016

2 PUNG SWEE YONG, PROF. MADYA DR. PENSYARAH UNIVERSITI DS54 04.06.2016

3 MOHD NAZRI BIN IDRIS, ENCIK PEGAWAI PENYELIDIK Q48 01.04.2016

4 ROSILA BINTI SULEIMAN, PUAN SETIAUSAHA PEJABAT N32 01.01.2016

5 MOHD SAYUTI BIN AZEMAN, ENCIK PENOLONG JURUTERA JA36 01.01.2016

No. Date Name Organization Purpose1. 02.03.2016 Takaomi Kobayashi Nagaoka Technology, Japan. Research Collaboration

2. 25.04.2016 Profesor Dr. Greg Qiao University of Melbourne, Australia. External Examiner,Polymer EngineeringProgramme

Visitors to the SMMRE (January 2016 to June 2016)

STAF BERTUKAR TEMPAT BERTUGAS

BIL NAMA JABATAN/PUSAT PENGAJIAN ASAL JABATAN/ PUSAT PENGAJIAN

BARU

1 EN. MIOR ZULBAHRI BIN MIOR CHEK PPKBSM JABATAN PENDAFTAR KAMPUS KEJURUTERAAN

2 EN. MOHD YUSOFF BIN ABDULLAH JABATAN PEMBANGUNAN PPKBSM

Gambar kenangan aktiviti Kelab Sukan & Rekreasi PPKBSM.

Gambar kenangan peserta “Short Course on the Introductionto the Characterization and Processing of Rare Earth Elements

(REEs).”

Gambar kenangan staf PPKBSM bersama dengan ProfesorGreg Qiao (duduk, tiga dari kiri).

Gambar kenangan aktiviti Kelab Sukan & Rekreasi PPKBSM.

Disturbing Fact: Mercury Used InArtisanal Small Scale Gold Mining

Teuku Andika Rama Putra

School of Materials & Mineral ResourcesEngineering,

Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal,

Penang, Malaysia

What is ASGM and mercury relationship?

Artisanal small scale gold mining (ASGM)is a small scale gold mining activity prac-ticed by local people using conventionalmethods and unfortunately with less con-cern on damage to the surrounding envi-ronment and human being. Mercury hasbeen widely used to extract gold in ASGMprocess for many decades in many coun-tries especially in Asian and African coun-tries.

Why worry about mercury?

Mercury is a powerful neurotoxin that isharmful to people, but especially to devel-oping fetuses, and young children. Onceemitted, mercury can travel great dis-tances through the atmosphere, causingglobal contamination of ecosystems, fish,birds, mammals, and the human foodchain. Worldwide, consumption of mercu-ry contaminated seafood puts billions ofpeople at risk of mercury poisoning,which affects brain and nervous systemdevelopment and function. Local expo-sures in mining communities that usemercury can be even more acute (UNEP,2012).

Worldwide mercury consumption and emission

The two charts below showed the mercu-ry consumption and emission in theworld. It is a shocked reality that actuallymercury is indeed a serious problem ingold traditional mining activities.

Figure 1 shows mercury demand and con-sumptions annually with the total of 4,167tons of mercury. ASGM is the singlelargest demand for mercury in the world.An estimated 1400 tonnes of mercurywere used by ASGM miners globally in2011 (www.mercurywatch.org).

Figure 2 describes the mercury emissionsto atmosphere with the total of 1,921tonnes. ASGM is the largest source ofmercury pollution to air and water com-bined. It is second only to coal combus-tion as a source of worldwide mercuryemission to the atmosphere.

How is mercury used to capturegold?

The following figures shortly describedhow is mercury used to capture gold andshowed some facts related to the process.Basically, when mercury is brought intocontact with gold particles in sediments orcrushed ore, it forms “amalgam” - a softmixture of roughly 50% mercury and50% gold. To recover gold from the amal-gam, it is heated to evaporate the mercu-ry, leaving the gold behind. Mercury isreleased into air, water, and soil in sever-al of the steps of this process.


Article 1

Figure 1. Worldwide mercury consump-tion and emissions (source: UnitedNation Environment Programme,

Summary of Supply, Trade and demandinformation on mercury)

Figure 2. Mercury emissions to atmos-phere (source: United Nation

Environment Programme, Summary ofSupply, Trade and demand information

on mercury)

Unlike many pollutants, mercury is an ele-ment- it cannot be broken down in theenvironment. The element symbol formercury is Hg. The diamond symbol atright, is used here to designate mercuryvapor emission and human exposure.

Why mercury used widely in gold extraction?

There are some reasons why mercury hasbeen used widely in artisanal small scalegold mining as stated below:

• Quick and easy• Independent - it can be used byone person independently• Extracts gold in most field condi-tions• Cheaper than most alternativetechniques• Facilitates precise transactionsand divides profits – between labourersand owners for example• Miners are not aware of therisks, and those that are aware often donot have access to the capacity or capitalrequired for alternatives• It is one method that permitscustom processing of small individual orebatches - often an important socio eco-nomic structure.

WHO mercury facts in gold tradition-al mining

Millions of miners, infants, children,women of child bearing age (potentiallypregnant), and breast-feeding women,work or live in ASGM communities and areat risk of mercury exposure. Picturedbelow is a man burning amalgam in frontof children and in a residential area. Manyare unaware of the dangers.

Mercury vapors in the air around amal-gam burning sites can be alarmingly highand almost always exceed the WHO limitfor public exposure of 1,000nanogram/cubic meter (Information onthe Human Health effects of Mercury,website). This risks the health of workersbut also those in the communities sur-rounding the processing centers.Exposure to levels of mercury vaporsabove 1,200,000 nanogram/cubic metercan be fatal.

Solution approach?

The above explained facts are really dis-turbing and a sad reality that has to betaken seriously by all the stakeholdersespecially the authorities. It is not thatbecause there is no other option toextract gold or mercury is the only optionbut there are some methods that are safeand friendly that can be reliable andeffective to capture gold. They start fromlowering the use of mercury by miningand concentrate amalgamation methodsuntil using cheap technology that is mer-cury-free or zero mercury such as gravityseparation methods and direct smelting.

Approaching with friendly and effectivestrategy to the traditional gold miners isthe success keywords to avoid the mercu-ry disaster in the future. The followingparagraph described in general how to dopublic outreach to traditional gold miners.Reductions in mercury use are more like-ly to be accepted by miners and becomepermanent if they increase or at leastmaintain the income. This can beachieved in numerous ways, including:1. Conserving or eliminating theneed for mercury and other reagents,saving costs 2. Saving time by more efficientprocessing3. Recovering more gold byimproving extraction techniques, whichmight include using better technology orusing existing technology better4. Getting a better price for gold byfollowing standards that get a better mar-ket price.

Technical interventions for mercury reduc-tion can follow a two-step incrementalapproach or leap straight to step twowhere feasible. This two steps approachcan be taken into consideration for tradi-tional gold miners as described in the fol-lowing:

Step 1: Reduce mercury use and emis-sions through improved practices, whichuse less mercury. This increases (or atleast maintains) income for miners,increases awareness, improves healththrough lower exposures, and can buildpositive relationships needed to go to step2.Step 2: Eliminate mercury use by usingalternative mercury-free technologies thatincrease (or at least maintain) income forminers, and are better for health and theenvironment.

References:

1. United Nations EnvironmentProgram (UNEP), 2012, A Practical Guide:Reducing Mercury Use in Artisanal andSmall Scale Gold Mining, A United NationsEnvironment Program (UNEP) GlobalPartnership – Artisanal Gold Council(AGC).2. www.mercurywatch.org3. www.artisanalgoldcouncil.org4. Putra, Teuku, A.R., 2016, ZeroMercury Gold Extraction Method forTraditional Miners in GeumpangMountain, Aceh, Indonesia. Article in dis-closure process.

Linguistic Cognition usingHermeneutic Operative Calculus

Sivakumar Ramakrishnana, Pradeep Isawasanb

Vasuky Mohananb

aSchool of Materials & Mineral ResourcesEngineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Seri Ampangan, 14300 Nibong Tebal,

Penang, Malaysia

bSchool of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia,

11800 USM, Penang, Malaysia

Abstract. In this paper a new represen-tation of logic using mathematical princi-ples has been developed for the linguisticcognition called Hermeneutic OperativeCalculus. This Hermeneutic OperativeCalculus is a new language interpretivecalculus developed to account for the syn-tactic, semantic and pragmatic features oflinguistic for natural language and allowsremoving the restrictions of any particularnatural language in the semantic field itsmap out. The logic of HermeneuticOperative Calculus capable of represent


Figure 3. The basic process flow of usingmercury to extract gold or amalgamation

process.

Figure 4. A man burning amalgam infront of children and in a residential area

(source: UNEP, 2012)

Article 2

the syntactic and semantic of factualinformation of a natural language precise-ly in any language. The logic of thisHermeneutic Operative Calculus has twodifferent forms of operations called objectand meta-operations. The object opera-tion allow for listing the various objects,picturing the various propositions and soforth. The meta-operation would specifywhat cannot be specified by the objectoperation like semantical stances of aproposition. The basic operative process-es of linguistics and cognitive logic will bemathematically conceptualized and elabo-rated in this paper.Keywords: predicate calculus, mathe-matical logic, Hermeneutic OperativeCalculus, grammar, linguistics, cognitivelogic

IntroductionHermeneutic Operative Calculus is a newcalculus developed to account for the syn-tactic, semantic and pragmatic features ofnatural language. The logic ofHermeneutic Operative Calculus capableof represent the syntactic and semantic offactual information of a natural languageprecisely in any language.

Hermeneutics in ArtificialIntelligence (Al) Schleiermacher [1] defines hermeneuticsas ‘the art of avoiding misunderstandings’.Hermeneutics is imparting the practice ofhistorical retrieval, the re-construction ofthe historical context of presupposition ina discourse. Hermeneutics does not re-construct the past for its own sake; italways seeks to understand the particularway a problem engages the present. Sofar, few AI researches have attempted toadopt AI techniques to hermeneutics andthereby develop logical or computationalmodels of interpretation. Hermeneuticsreadily lends itself to the disciplines with-in the human sciences, which in general,“deal with the world of meaningfulobjects and actions (as opposed to physi-cal objects and events in themselves)”[2]. The Hermeneutic Operative Calculusis able to translate the natural languageto the methods suitable for scientificenquiries and learning machines in theArtificial Intelligence. This OperativeCalculus is also able to help to decipherthe effect of a sentence offered in a socialsituation or context by removing therestrictions of any particular natural lan-guage in the semantic field its map outand establish linguistically the foundation-al context for ontology and conceptualiza-tion.

Elements of Hermeneutic OperativeCalculus

The logic of this Hermeneutic OperativeCalculus has two different forms of oper-ations called object and meta-operations.The object operation allow for listing the

various objects, picturing the variouspropositions and so forth. The meta-oper-ation would specify what cannot be spec-ified by the object operation like semanti-cal stances of a proposition [5]. The basicoperative processes of linguistics and cog-nitive logic will be mathematically concep-tualized and elaborated in this paper. Wedescribe a particular realization (or inter-pretation) of the logic of language usingHermeneutic Operative Calculus as theObject Language and natural (English)language as the meta-language.a. There is a universe of concreteparticulars U, the individual elements ofwhich are represented by the Latin let-ters, a, b, c, and so forth. A group of themwill be represented by the capital lettersA, B, C and so forth. The domain will betaken to be infinite in principle while finitewhen space and time dimensions are stat-ed explicitly.b. The categories Space and Timewill be represented by S and T respective-ly. Both can be divided into an infinitenumber of finite elements and orderedwith respect to each other. In fact Spaceand Time do not exist as elements with-out an ordering operation of some kind.One kind of ordering lead to the tenses i,j, k, i.e. Past, Present and Future andanother to aspects.c. There is also the universe 'V' ofdependent elements such as qualities,processes, shape and so forth [4].Though actions are slightly different butthey also do not exist apart from a doerwhether animate or inanimate, they willalso be included in this category. It is pos-sible, however, to state within the calculusconditions whereby actions will turn outto be a special sub-category of the cate-gory of dependent particulars. The Greekletter α,β,γ will be used to denote individ-ual elements.d. The semantic field is definable interms of concepts which are taken to beforms of consciousness individuated anddetached from the originating sourcesand existing as objective elements. Weshall assume a number of features aboutthem.e. They are organized into net-works of relations such as ‘subordinateto’, ‘contrary to’, ‘contradictory to’, ‘theopposite of’ and so forth. Such relationallinkages determine at least part of thelogic of languages and in particular syllo-gisms such as those studied by logicians.f. A network of concepts implicitlydefines a category of objects in the objectuniverse. Concepts pertaining to concreteobjects may not range over, for example,the domains of qualities or actions and soforth.

Cognitive Acts in the FormHermeneutic Operative Calculus

A variety of cognitive acts are recognizedas real and necessary to explain to gener-

ation of propositional pictures in generaland the logical and grammatical intuitionswe have about language.

Intra Propositional Cognitive Actsa. Object identification act wherebya particular object, say ‘a’ is said to be so-and-so. The particular as represented bysay, ‘a’ is assumed to be perceptualawareness devoid of conceptual appre-hension. Object identification is then con-ceptual awareness of what the thing is. Ifthe concept underlying this awareness is‘x’, the conceptual awareness isrepresented as x≈I a with the symbol ‘≈I’represent the object identifying cognitiveact. b. Case indexing operation where-by an entity is said to be the Agent; theObject on which an action is effected; theinstrument in effecting a certain action;the spatial, temporal, location of an eventthe one oriented to the speaker, i.e. thevocative, the origin of a movement; theterminal of a movement; the associate ofan agent; the recipient of an ascriptionand so forth. There is no separate symbolfor the operation but it is shown by index-ing the entity with the case that isimposed for example if ‘க’ is the symbolfor the agentive and if the entity ‘a’ is sub-jected to this case-indexing then it wouldbe symbolized as ‘aக’ and so forth. Thecase of an object is that which distin-guishes it from the state of being simplyan element in the universe of objects. Anobject has to be 'cased' or case indexedwhen it is brought in relation to anothercategory. c. Ascription operation when suchcategory of objects as qualities, attitudes,values, characters, actions and so forthare said to be true of an entity in generalor in a particular instance, the cognitiveact involved is the ascription operation.Again there is no separate symbol for thisoperation but it is shown by the symbolicdevice of writing the symbol of the objectascribed immediately next to the entity,i.e. (aα

க) and so forth where ‘க’ is thecase-symbol for the nominative.d. Selection operation when an ele-ment in a propositional picture is isolatedfor additional ascription we have theselection operation. It’s symbolic repre-sentation is explained in the next section.

Inter Propositional Operations

a. Logical Operations with theException of Affirmation and NegationThese are such operations as conjunctivecoordination (p∧q) and disjunctivecoordination (p∨q). These will be taken tothe special cases of universal conjunctionALL(p,q,r,…) and universal disjunctionEXIST(p,q,r,…).


b. PresuppositionWhen a class of prepositions is broughttogether and a new one subset as truewhile the other as asserted we have thispresupposition operation, symbolized as‘P∘Q’.i.e. ( P 1 , P 2 , P 3 , … , P i , P i + 1 , P i + 2 , … , P n

)→(P1,P2,P3,…,Pi)∘(Pi,Pi+1,…,Pn). The selection operation can now beshown as below. For example if the truthof say ‘x≈I a’ is presupposed and ‘a’ is iso-

lated for further ascription as x≈I a∘aக. Itcan be seen that as defined the selectioact is dependent on the act of presuppos-ing the truth of a particular propositioni.e. the validity of a propositional pictureof realityc. Propositional ActsThese are acts done on propositions andthey are viz. affirmation and negation.Affirmation will not be separately symbol-ized but negation will be indicated byN(P). Such propositional acts must be dis-tinguished from assertion, denial and soforth which are speech acts i.e. a speciesof acts. Two features of the above acts,taken to be intuitively true, are describedin the following postulates:

Rl: All cognitive acts are recur-sive i.e. a particular act can be affectedupon its product.

R2: Each cognitive act defines itsown conditions of affirmation and nega-tion.

It must be remarked here that it is recur-sively of the cognitive acts such as thosedescribed above that underlies the capac-ity individuals have to generate an infinitenumber of sentences from a finite set ofelements, a feature of linguistic compe-tence Chomsky (1965)[3] has described.

Demonstrative Acts for ReferentialPerspectiveReferential Perspective are elements ofthe calculus of a particular sort but never-theless necessary to truly picture humanconsciousness to addressing demonstra-tive acts. References to concrete particu-lars seem to be of peculiar importance innatural language and in the structure ofhuman consciousness [5]. These objectsare spatio-temporal bodies and form inrelation to the human body the origin ofreference to dependent entities, spatiallocations and time slices. We shall distin-guish two referential frames: LocalReference Frame (LRF) and GeneralReference Frame (GRF). When the bodyof the speaker is used as the origin of ref-erence (e.g. this, that, etc.) when speak-ing we have the LRF referential perspec-tive. When the reference is made to anobject in general where referential identi-ty has to be established through descrip-tion alone (e.g. ‘The man …’) we have theGRF referential perspectivObject introduc-tion within LRF will be indicated by thesubscript ‘l’ e.g. ‘al’ and within GRF by

the absence of 'l ' e.g. 'a'. The use of pro-nouns particularly, ‘I’ and ‘You’ (and plural‘We' and ‘You’) seems to indicate thatthere is yet another referential perspec-tive which we shall call Person ReferenceFrame (PRF). The grammatical distinc-tions of first person, second person andthird person cannot be reduced to the ref-erential perspective of LRF and GRF. Hereis where the need to assume as real theentities that we have termed self, (or psy-ches) gets support. The entities involvedin the role relationships 'I' and 'thou' arenot non-intelligent entities but rather intelligent ones capable of perceptions,consciousness, intentions, wants andwishes and so forth. The first, second andthird Person distinctions will be shown inthe calculus by the superscripts f, s and trespectively i.e. S f,S s,S t.

Semantic Representation OfSentences Using HermeneuticOperative Calculus

Example : We illustrate the HermeneuticOperative Calculus with an example:

For the sentence : 'The old man shot thedog that barked'.

We define X: system of micro conceptualworlds that introduce concrete objects, Y:system of micro conceptual worlds thatintroduce action, processes and states, U:real world Concrete particulars for theobject (spatially and temporally identifiedand classified), V: real world dependentparticulars (states, qualities, action andprocesses).

Let {MAN,DOG} ∈ X,{BARKING,SHOOTING,OLD} ∈ Y, {a,b}∈ U and α ∈ V. Let ≈I as ConceptualIntentional Identifier (the conceptual cog-nition intentionally cognize the real object[7]) and Δn refers to the contents of line

'n' counting from the top. Other type ofrepresentations has been listed as Table1.

The sentence can be represented assuch:

The sentence 'That is man' canbe semantically represented as (XMAN)(Ua )(MAN≈I a).

The sentence 'That is dog' canbe semantically represented as (XDOG)(Ub )(DOG≈I b).

The Hermeneutic Operative Calculusdescribed thus far is certainly not com-plete or even sufficiently adequate todescribe what we already know of sen-tence coding for natural language pro-cessing. But we shall leave it at that as itwould suffice for the purposes here.

ConclusionThe Hermeneutic Operative Calculus iscapable of represent the syntactic andsemantic of factual information of a lin-guistic cognition for any natural language.The basic operative processes of linguis-tics and cognitive logic can be systemati-cally conceptualized and coded mathe-matically using Hermeneutic OperativeCalculus. The Hermeneutic OperativeCalculus is able to translate the naturallanguage to the methods suitable for sci-entific enquiries and learning machines inthe Artificial Intelligence. This OperativeCalculus is also able to help to decipherthe effect of a sentence offered in a socialsituation or context by removing therestrictions of any particular natural lan-guage in the semantic field its map outand establish linguistically the foundation-al context for ontology and conceptualiza-tion.


Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge sup-port for this research by Universiti SainsMalaysia (USM) and Short Term GrantShort Term Research Grant (304.PBA-HAN.60312049) Scheme.

References

1. Gadamer, Hans-Georg, Truth andMethod, Continuum, New York, 1975.2. M.S Brian Michael Scassellati,“Foundations for a Theory of Mind for aHumanoid Robot”, Ph.D. Thesis,Massachusetts Institute of Technology,2001.3. N. Chomsky, Aspects of Theoryof Syntax, M.I.T. Press, 1965. 4. Dana Scott,Advice on ModalLogic,Philosophical Problems inLogic,Some Recent Developments (KarelLambert,editor), D. Reidel, Dordrecht,1974, pp.143–174.5. K. Loganathan, InternationalJournal of Dravidian Linguistics, Vol XIINo2, 282-334, (1983).6. R. Sivakumar and M. Vasuky,“Linguistic Competency Model forIntentional Agent” in 2011 InternationalConference on Asian LanguageProcessing, 2011, p.p. 101-104.7. R. Sivakumar, “Praxis ofCognitive Onto-Hermeneutic Logics onLearning Machines”, Ph.D. Thesis,Universiti Sains Malaysia, 2008.

Vibration Damping Materials:Magnetorheology, applications and

challenges

S. RaaKhimi1,K. L. Pickering2

1School of Materials and MineralResources Engineering,

USM Engineering Campus, UniversitiSains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal,

Penang, Malaysia

2School of Engineering, The University ofWaikato, Hamilton, 3216,

New Zealand

Abstract: In the incompatible continualsearch for better damping materials, sig-nificant research has been carried out.Magnetorheological (MR) materialsincluding magnetorheological fluids(MRFs) and magnetorheological elas-tomers (MREs) are a new class of damp-ing materials that offer several advan-tages compare to rubber as a commonlyused material for damping, such thatinclude good mechanical properties andhigh damping performance. Generally, MRmaterials consist of a non-magnetic medi-um (normally an oil or elastomer) con-taining a suspension of magnetically per-

meable particles which promote energyabsorption. These materials have rheo-logical properties that can be changed byvariation of the magnetic field during fab-rication or in service. In addition, MREsbecome particularly more attractive forstructural application where the matrix isa solid elastic polymer which is able toovercome the limitation of particle sedi-mentation and leakage in MRFs. This arti-cle presents a review of MREs, applica-tions and challenges.

Keywords: Magnetorheological elastomer(MREs), damping materials, vibration.

1.0 Introduction

Increasing numbers of new materials arebeing developed with the aim of overcom-ing the limitations of rubber as a com-monly used material for damping; in thisarea enhancement of damping throughrubber modification or rubber selection toincrease viscous flow, not surprisingly,generally results in reduction in stiffnessand strength [1]. A new class of dampingmaterials, magnetorheological (MR)materials, offers several distinct advan-tages when compared to rubbers on theirown. MR materials consist of a non-mag-netic medium (normally an oil or elas-tomer) containing a suspension of mag-netically permeable particles. Thesematerials promote damping mainly by theviscous flow of the non-magnetic medi-um, but inclusion of magnetic particlesenables additional damping through mag-netic particle interaction and interfacialdamping. These materials also have rheo-logical properties that can be changed byvariation of the magnetic field during fab-rication or in service. Since the MR effectwas discovered by Rainbow in 1948 [2],MR materials have expanded to become alarge family which includes MR fluids(MRFs) and MR elastomers (MREs) [3].

2.0 Magnetorheological fluids(MRFs)

MRFs are the most common MR materi-als. They are composed of oils withmicrometer sized ferromagnetic particles.They exhibit Newtonian like behaviour inthe absence of a magnetic field, butbecome viscoelastic solids with a certainyield stress when a magnetic field isapplied. When an MRF is exposed to amagnetic field, the ferromagnetic parti-cles are magnetized and attracted to eachother to form chains in the direction ofthe external magnetic field which restrictsthe flow of the fluid and results in achange in rheological behaviour to thatmore of a solid [3, 4]. Figure 1 showsMRF structure in the absence of a mag-netic field and under a magnetic field.The mechanical energy needed to yieldthese structures increases as the appliedmagnetic field increases, resulting in a

field dependent yield stress. In order todeform the MRFs under an applied mag-netic field, extra force must be exerted tobreak the cluster of chains and columns[3, 4].MRFs have been proven to be commer-cially viable and well suited for manyapplications, such as automotive suspen-sions, clutches, brakes, actuators andartificial joints [5]. However, a number oflimiting problems still exist with MRFs.MRFs are prone to particle settling withtime due to the density mismatch of par-ticles and the carrier fluid, which maydegrade the MR response. In addition, thewear of the magnetic particles can alsolead to a reduction in the fluid’s perform-ance and eventual failure of the MRFdevice.

3.0 Magnetorheological elastomers(MREs)

MREs can be thought of as a new gener-ation of MR materials following on fromMRFs where the matrix is a solid elasticpolymer rather than carrier oil. The obvi-ous advantage from using elastic polymeras a matrix material is that the particlesedimentation problem in MRFs is over-come. Moreover, MREs do not need con-tainers or seals to hold or prevent leak-age. MREs can be utilized for damping,either separately incorporated or within acomposite structure such as with steelplates.Suitable matrix materials for MREs includenatural rubber, silicone rubber, polybuta-diene, polyisobutylene, polyisoprene, andpolyurethene rubber [6-12]. These mate-rials are usually nonmagnetic viscoelasticmaterials that can be uniformly mixedwith the magnetizable particles and sub-sequently processed into final solid formthrough conventional rubber or plasticprocessing equipment. The particle


Article 3

Figure 1 MRF structure; (a) in theabsence of magnetic field and (b) undera magnetic field.

material of choice for MREs is iron. This isbecause of its high permeability, lowremanent magnetisation and high satura-tion magnetisation. High permeability andsaturation magnetisation provide highinter-particle attraction, and thereby pro-duce strong chains and columnar struc-tures [3, 13, 14].MRFs and MREs have another differencein the way they behave; MREs are gener-ally used in their pre-yield state whileMRFs typically work in their post-yieldstate. In the pre-yield state, a materialbehaves like a linear viscoelastic material,while in the post-yield state flow occurs.Figure 2 indicates typical pre-yield andpost yield states in MR materials. MREshave recently gained attention becausepre yield behavior gives higher stiffnessand damping performance compared toMRFs.

MREs can be fabricated either with orwithout a magnetic field. The formerresults in isotropic MREs, while the latterresults in anisotropic MREs. IsotropicMREs can be characterized by a uniformmagnetic particle distribution in thematrix. Anisotropic MREs have a specialchain like structure of magnetic particlesin a matrix as a result of curing the matrixunder a strong magnetic field. When indi-vidual particles are exposed to an appliedmagnetic field during curing, magneticdipole moments pointing along the fielddirection are induced in them. A magnet-ic force will cause the north pole of oneparticle to attract the south pole of itsneighbour resulting in formation of chainsand columnar structures inside thematrix. Upon curing the matrix, the parti-cle is locked into place [15]. AnisotropicMREs are found to produce material withmuch larger stiffness and damping com-pared to those cured in the absence of amagnetic field. Furthermore, during serv-ice, a magnetic field can be used to affectYoung’s modulus of isotropic andanisotropic MREs and hence provide ben-efits in vibration control [7].

4.0 MRE applications

MREs have many potential engineeringapplications for vibration control in damp-ing and vibration isolation systems. MRE

devices have begun to see successfulcommercial applications, with most ofthem in automotive and industrial enginemounts. The Ford Motor Company haspatented a tunable automotive bushingbased on MREs [16]. The stiffness of thebushing is adjusted by a variable magnet-ic field generated from a suspension con-trol module. The dynamic stiffness controlreduces suspension deflection andimproves passenger comfort. Deng andGong have also developed a shear modeadaptive tuned vibration absorber (ATVA)based on MREs [17]. Results have shownthat the natural frequency of the ATVAcan be tuned from 27.5 Hz to 40 Hz whichprovides better performance compared toconventional passive absorbers in termsof frequency-shift property and vibrationabsorption capacity. Ginder et al. haveconstructed MRE tunable automotiveengine mounts that have excellent damp-ing to reduce engine vibration and fatigue[9].With the rapid growth of commercialapplications over the last few years, manypeople consider they are just witnessingthe beginning of an explosion of MREdevices and applications. Indeed, numer-ous applications are currently at theresearch and development stage. Dyke etal. have developed a semi-active MREdamper which can be utilized to suppressvibration caused by earthquakes in civilstructures such as building and bridges[18]. Furthermore, some work has beencarried out to explore the use of MRE insensors, microwave absorption, electronicwriting pads and touch-sensitive screens[19, 20].

5.0 Challenges

One of the biggest challenges in develop-ing MREs is cost. Carbonyl iron particles,the most commonly used particles, arerelatively expensive at $13-15/kg in bulk.More cheaply produced iron particles, ironoxide (Fe3O4) and barium ferrite(BaFe12O19) tend to be irregular in shape,have wider size distributions, and simplydo not perform as well [21, 22]. Someiron alloy particles actually perform betterthan carbonyl iron, but are significantlymore expensive [23]. It is apparent thatmore applications would quickly becomecommercially viable if the material costcould be reduced.Simply, the material cost could bereduced by reducing the amount of ironemployed. However the desire to obtainthe largest effect with smallest particleconcentration and magnetic field strengthis a big challenge. Furthermore, the parti-cles used have a magnetic saturationpoint. Once this is reached, no matterhow much the field is increased, no addi-tional change in rheological properties isobserved. This obviously limits the size ofchange in rheological properties obtain-able [24].

Moreover, research in MREs is still in itsinfancy. Optimal selection of MRE compo-nents, the technology of their manufac-ture, characterization and analysis, aswell as development of mathematicalmodels describing their mechanical anddynamic properties are very valid scientif-ic issues [25]. Thus, it is desirable to carryout experiments and analytical analysesby varying design parameters, such as thetype of filler, size, volume friction, mor-phology, filler interphase, as well as sur-face treatment on filler surface in order tounderstand how magnetic particles affectthe mechanical behavior and energyabsorption in MREs. Conventional rubberprocessing equipment must be modifiedto provide a magnetic field during curingprocess. Furthermore, thick MREs are dif-ficult to fabricate because the magneticfield will decreases sharply as the thick-ness of the MREs increases [4]. Althoughnumerous works have been conducted onthe dynamic mechanical behaviour ofMREs [4, 11, 26-30], research on theactual damping mechanisms of MREs isstill in its early stages. There are stillmany key issues and unsolved problemsexisting in the damping mechanisms ofthis new composite material. Therefore,appropriate methods and analyses needto be carried out and developed in orderto understand the damping mechanismsin MREs.

6.0 Conclusion

Magnetorheological materials offer sever-al distinct advantages when compared tocommon damping materials. Formation ofmagnetic particle chains under an appliedmagnetic field results in a change in rhe-ological behavior of the materials andincreases stiffness and enhances dampingperformance. However, the most signifi-cant issues in developing these materialsare cost and particle performance. Eachof the limitations and challengesdescribed commands a better under-standing of magnetorheology, particularlyof the interactions and energy absorptionmechanisms between the particle andmatrix properties. Such information isnecessary to gain better understandingon the advantages and limitations of thematerial capability. Overcoming limita-tions will lead to improvement in materi-als performance and, as well as foster thedevelopment of new applications.

7.0 References

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Figure 2 Typical pre-yield and post-yield

states in MR materials.


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[19] Olabi AG, Grunwald A. Design andapplication of magnetostrictive materials.Materials & Design. 2008;29(2):469-83.[20] Jin S, Tiefel TH, Wolfe R, SherwoodRC, Mottine JJ. Optically Transparent,Electrically Conductive CompositeMedium. Science. 1992;255(5043):446-8.[21] Sun Y, Zhou X, Liu Y, Zhao G, JiangY. Effect of magnetic nanoparticles on theproperties of magnetic rubber. MaterialsResearch Bulletin. 2009;45(7):878-81.[22] Makled MH, Matsui T, Tsuda H,Mabuchi H, El-Mansy MK, Morii K.Magnetic and dynamic mechanical prop-erties of barium ferrite natural rubbercomposites. Journal of MaterialsProcessing Technology. 2005;160(2):229-33.[23] Dobrzanski LA, Tomiczek A, TomiczekB, Slawska A, Iesenchuk O. Polymermatrix composite materials reinforced byTb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.9 magnetostrictive parti-cles. Journal of Achievements in Materialsand Manufacturing Engineering.2009;37(1):16-23.[24] Dong XM, Yu M, Liao CR, Chen WM.A new variable stiffness absorber basedon magneto-rheological elastomer.Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Societyof China. 2009;19(13):S611-S5.[25] Jerzy K, Daniel L, Rafal M, Piotr Z.Smart Magnetic Composites (SMC);Metal, Ceramic and Polymeric Compositesfor Various Uses. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech;2011.[26] Popp KM, Kroger M, Li Wh, ZhangXZ, Kosasih PB. MRE Properties underShear and Squeeze Modes andApplications. Journal of IntelligentMaterial Systems and Structures.2010;21(15):1471-7.[27] Zhou X, Sun Y, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Zhao G.Effect of magnetic nanoparticles ondamping property of nature rubber.Polymer Bulletin. 2011;66(9):1281-8.[28] Stepanov GV, Abramchuk SS, GrishinDA, Nikitin LV, Kramarenko EY, KhokhlovAR. Effect of a homogeneous magneticfield on the viscoelastic behavior of mag-netic elastomers. Polymer.2007;48(2):488-95.[29] Collette C, Kroll G, Saive G,Guillemier V, Avraam M, Preumont A.Isolation and damping properties of mag-netorheologic elastomers. Journal ofphysics Conference series.2009;149(1):012091.[30] Nayak B, Dwivedy SK, Murthy KSRK.Dynamic analysis of magnetorheologicalelastomer-based sandwich beam withconductive skins under various boundaryconditions. Journal of Sound andVibration. 2010;330(9):1837-59.


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