t

.rd'Er,It:l{{s,r{t.ii

Y

:i!

t .

ri

l!&

S .

,ii!,i}

-

,5,!

*r},i't6

Il ;i , 1' r l

Unit rroUK1 'First, you ma'rk the hole. ''Muta-mula

tandai dahulu lubangn ya. ,Ron memperlihatkan kepada Alan cara melubangipapan dengan bor,

r.r rlt llllrttr.l*lj

CocokkanContoh:

SusunlahContoh:

gambar di atas dengan petunjuk Ron:First, you mark the hole. - (c)

petunjuk berikut ini menurut urutan yang tepat:I Mark the hole.

3 Lengkapilah kata-kata Ron. Gunakan petunjuk di atas:

i

II

t

First, you markthe hole. Then,you place the woodin a vice. Next,you switch on thedrill. Finally,you drill thehole. (b) vice

Switch on Itt. atitt',ffilsh,' ' ,I*E T,{'} ark the hole

WPlace tt.Git in-a vice. ffi,r'te electric

22

i*

$lsffi:.*$:Rif

{,*ti"$l:

:sil

t 'a'I

13 Buat petunjuk dari jawaban Latihan 12. Gunakan WITH atau USING:contolt: (a) Remove a nail from a tyre with a pair of pliers.

or Remove a nail fro'r a tyre using a pair of pliers

I

14 Pelajari lah: 15 Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat ini.Gunakan kata dari deret le:sebelah kiri:(a) Tie the bag . . .(b) Hold the pipe

(c) Spread the mortarbrick . . .

Put the glass down

Hit the stone . . .Measure the line . .

16 Cocokkan kata'kata pada ketiga kolom. Buat pertanyaan dan jawaban:contoh: (a) - (5) - (c): e: Remove this nail fiom the tyre.

n: How?A:. Pull it firmly with a pair of pliers

Job Method Tool

(l) remove/nail/tyre (l) twist/tightly (e) electric drill(b) make/hole/steel plate (2) press/gJntly iri finger(c) ioin/cables (3) drill/carefully ic) pui, of pliers(al check/concrete/dry (4) measure/carifulty io) 6rush(:) check/width/shelr (5i puu/firmly (nf nta,(f) paint/wall (6) ipread/evlnly il rtl|ts piril-I

on the

(d)'(e)

(f)

arefullyfirmly

. l az )

'ri.{,.l:

'(!.'}#\;,l

t:

'$

4(B) Reading comprehens ion MASON RY::,*ls.:..lillilll'+iit:lti1:tr:.f :lrr::f .:.F:+:.r.$r.\\1r...

.::h rHow to prepare a T-- f,LJ

$� foundation for a brick walt fliiiitii

$$$$$ I Uuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuul'!-"i'#?{;fL'i'lJn'"i:i fini;",e/ untir it i, "uo,t ,rs0 mm deep #iiii and 300 mm wide .,:,:J':r

t#$$$$ 9 9I?"t that the floor of the trench is horizontal using a ptumb-and-levet. l$fiiii 4 Make su?e that the sr'des of the trench are vertical. iiiir 5 Pface pegs in the floor of the trench and stretch a line between them.

'ii

iii 6 Check that the line is horizontal. iii[ 7 Fill up the trench evenly with concrete until it is level with the line. niii 8 Leave the concrete until it is hard. ifIii 9 Build the wall on'the concrete ItI ........!.;.:.::r:::l:ililliiil$l:;;i::t

v

I 4p" nama benda-benda ini?(Lihat kata-kata di teks yangdicetak miring.)

Contoh: (a) This is called a trench.

2 Jawablah pertanyaan ini:(a) What is the width of the

trench?(b) What is its depth?

(c) How do you check that thesides of the trench arevertical?(ANswER: Check it with a _ .)

(d) How do you check that the

,line is horizontal?

3 Lengkapilah:. (a) Between the pegs there is a-.

(b) Mark out the trench beforeyou

(c) Check that the concrete ishard before you

4 Perhatikan gambar ini, danjawablah pertanyaan di bawah:

The wall is plumb.The line iS level.

(a) What does 'plumb' mean?(b) What does 'level' mean?Catatan' Gunakan dua katadari teks di atas.

24

gtr'l!

*il

i{

Unit FIT/E

1 'The water ff ows out here.' ,Air keruar dari sini.,

Ron dan Kamal sedan-g memperhatikan tukang batu bekerja. Ron menjelaskanpekerjaan itu pada Kamal.

I

I l i r . t r l t r t l l . t r

I Susun gambar di bawah ini, hingga berurutan:

pickspreadputcheck

+ S

he pickshe spreadshe putshe checks

switchgo *es he

heswitchesgoes

Buatlah petunjuk dari kalimat.kalimat ini:Contoh: (a) I Get a spanner.'2 Remove the nuts. 3 Take off the wheel.(a) First, Kamal gets a spanner. Then, he removes the nuts. Finally, he

takes off the wheel.

2 Pelajarilah:

(b) Kamal inserts the key, turns it clockwise and starts(c) Ron digs the trench out, pours in the concrete and

level.

the engine:checks that it is

Watch the bricklaver.First, he picks

J

up a brick.Then,'he spreadsmortar on it.Next, he puts thebrick on [he concrete.Then, he checksthat it is level.Then, he- picks upa n o t h e r b r i c k . . .

t = , :

\ ? ,

s )t' /

,

25

(d) First, Kamal picks up the hammer and the punch. Next, he places thepunch on the mark. Finally, he hits it with the hammer.R.on places the pegs in the ground and stretches the line beiween them.Kamal marks the hole, plaJes the wood in a vice, switclies on the ,:lrilland drills the hole.

4 Lengkapilah. Ubah kata-kata dalam kurung:Contoh: The water flowis out of the tap . . .

level

(e)(f)

The water (flow) out of the tap andthe pipe and then (pour) out of thewdter level in the tank -:- (rise).

5 Buat uraian serupa dari gambar ini:

into the pipe. It - (go) alongpipe and into the tank. Then the

6 Susun kalimat-kalinrat ini hingga benrnrtan (Angka pada gamtlarmenunjukkan urutan yang benar):

t€level

prpeA

- Thc lloat gocs up.- The water flows into the tank.- The water stops.

oJ,-- The valvc closes.- The water level rises.

Begin; 1 The water flows into the tank.

7 Apa yang terjadi bila air keluar dari pipa A dan permukaan air turun?Tuliskan dalam lima kalimatMulai dengan: Begin; l Water flows out of the tank through pipe A.

26

3 'This makes the wheel turn. '' lni membuat roda berputar. '

Ron nrenjelasketn cari l a l i ran sup la i a l r .

PUMP

(

artN \

trtl I tl I l lt tit I

11 Buatlah kalimat.

Contoh: (a) The

Gunakan LETS atau MAKES:water flows down. This makes the wheel turn.

(a) water / flow down -* wheel / turn(b) valve / open -+ water / flow in(c) switch / touch / contact -+ electric current(d) water level /'rise --+ float / rise(e) gear A / turn / clockwise -' gear B / turn(f) pedal I go down -' chain / move -' wheel

/ flow

/ anticlockwise/ rotate

ker ja

This' pipelets thewaterflow out ofthe tank.

The pumpmakes thewater flowinto the

-

tank.

(a)

wheel

'r.rhbattery

(d) (f)

chain

29

t2 Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat ini:Contoh: Ybu push the handle

pour out.of the pump down. This makesthe water

. t

(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)

pump

/

You push the handle of the pump down. This makesYou press the car accelerator pedal down. ThisYou turn the handle of the tap anti-clookwise. This letsYou turn the steering wheel to the left.You turn the handle clockwise.You press the brake pedal down

fast.

stop.hard.

13 Lengkapilah. pilih kata yang sesuai dari dalam kurung:Contoh: (a) You push the handle down. This makes the piston rise.

handle

//iti/ l l 'l l '

valve B piston

valve A

(a) You push the handle down. This makes the piston - (rise/godown).

' e-

(b) The piston rises. This makes valve B - (open/close) and it makesvalve A _ (open/close).

(tJ You pull the handle up. This makes the piston (rise/go down).(d) The piston goes down. This makes valve^B

mahes valve A _ (open/close). i(e) Valve B opens. This

piston.

3 0

4(B) Reading comprehens ion

Look a t F IG .2 . The tap has ahandle on the top, and ins ide thereis a bolt, and a washer. The washeris over a hole.When you turn the handle clock-wise, th is makes the bol t movedownwards. The washer thencovers the ho le and s tops thewater.When you turn the handle ant i -c lockwise, the bol t moves upwardsand the washer uncovers the holeagain. This lets the water f low

Water tapWhen you turn the handle of s.water tap clockwise,the water stops. When you turn it anti-clockwise,the water pours out of the tap again. How'does th iswork?

P L U M B I N GPEMIPAAN AIR

Apa nama benda-benda padagambar tersebut?(Perhatikan kata-kata, pada teksyang dicetak miring.)Contoh: (a) This is called a tap.

Jawablah pertanyaan ini:How do you turn off a tap?How do you turn it on?

through the tap again.

Is the hole above or belo rv thewasher?When does the washer closethe hole?

(e) Why does the water not flow-through the tap?

(f ) How do you make the washermove upwards?

(c)

(d)

(a)(b)

3 l

sil

$ Unit SIX

1 'Th is fadder is ronger than that one. ,'Tangga ini febih t inggi aar i , rng;r ' t r r . ] - ' - . - : '

Ron ingin memperbaiki tangki air.

r.lil trtr ltltl

Use this ladder.I t 's longer thanthat one.

I Lengkapitah:

Contoh: (a) longer(a) long --+ --(b) short --+(c) strong -) _(d) weak --+(e) rarrow -+

Bandingkan

Contoh: (a)

(a) long(b) wide(c) short(d) heavy

Pelajarilah: ,flexible -+ more flexiblerigid -+ more iigidbrittle -+ more brittlecombustible -+'more combustible

2 Pelajarilah:'heavy -+ heavierwide -* widerthin -' thinner

alat-alat ini. Buatlah kalimat:Spanner A is longer than spanner B.

(e) strong(f) light '

(g) weak(h) narrow z

32

qr: t5i

fl:!q#

#&.ff

5 Bandingkan bahan-bahan ini. Buatlah kalimat:Contoh: (a) Paper is more combustible(a) paperlglass - combustible(b) rubber/steel -. rigid(g) glass/wood - brittle

(d)(e)(f)

than glass.

steel/gold - expensivewood/concrete - heavysteel/lead - hard

6 Bandingkan kunci pas ini. Buatlah kalimat:

contoh:, (a) Spanner A is 90 mm longer than sfanner B.A .-'

.-; ( 4/lt) t'-==\=/

V Bq=

l + - _ - - t l < - - .+ l

90 I l 0

7 Pelajarilah:

,ffi

ffil

A is less than 3 m long.B is more than 3 m long..) - more than( : /ess than

(i) heavy0) expensive

Jawablah pertanyaan ini:Contoh: (a) How long is a ladder?

It's usually more than1.5 m long.

(b) What is the width of adoor? It's usually lessthan 2 m wide.

(a) 'How long is a ladder? (> 1.5 m)(b) What is the width of a door?

( < 2 m )(c) How wide is a water pipe?

(> l3 mm)(d) How thick is a sheet of paper?

(< l mm) r(e) How wide is a hand pump?

( < 2 m )(f) How high is

'a house? ( > Z m)

(g) What's the depth of a well?(< 100 m)

(a) long(b) wide(c) short(d) narrow

(e) light(f) cheap(e) thick(h) thin

a aJ J

2 ' l t 's as long as that one. ''Benda ini sama paniing dengan benda i tu. '

Karnal sedang memperbaiki s istern pendingin dalarn mobi l .

l l l t r r t ! . l r r I l r r

9 Benar (TRUE) atau salahContoh: (a) FALSE. Car

(FALSE)? Perbaiki yang satah:A is shorter than car

'8.

(a) Car(b) Car(c). Car(d) Car(e) Car

. . . t '

longer than car B.as wide as car B.shorter than car C.as long as car C.higher than car A.

Car B is narrower than car A.Car A is'as high as car B.Car B is wider than car C.Car B is as high as car C.

(f)(e)(h)(i)

A i sA i sB i sA i sC i s

34

IGH A

A

A,fT--F-l T\----F-/

!-5Ch--- rl

WIDE

H

II,

LONG

!"

:l'l

;J,l

@ @ac]

O^rJ,rP

l0 Pelajarilah: r

A has the same diameter as B.C has a greater diameter than A and B.A and B have a smaller diameter than C.

These bolts have the same diameter but different lengths.

i o.s

These

@N$

ffi*r'W'Shave the same length but different diameters.

trNN @uw\wl

(e) G and H have the same -.(f) B has a greater - than A.(g) F has a - diameter than G.(h) E has the same - as F.

baut dan sekrup apakah ini?

1 1 Lihat tabel ini dan lengkapi kalimat di bawahnya:

Length Diameter

Bolt A 40 mm 6 mmBolt B 40 mm 6.5 mmB o l t C , 4 0 m m 7 m mBolt D 40 mm 7.5 mmScrew E 35 mm 5 mmScrew F 36 mm 5 mmScrew G 37 mm 5.5 mmScrew H 38 mm. 5.5 mm

(a) A, B, C and D havb the same -.(b) E, F, G and H have : lengths.'(c) A, B, C and D have different -.(d) E and F have lengths.

12 Lihat tabel pada Latihan 7 lagi. TipeContoh: (a) Bolt B.(a)

(b)

@mw1. 40 -----.---4f

N

t@s$Il r 36 - l

(c) fipt\ / EF-"".-NWlz.sl.-- 40 --.+l

( d ) h m s 5l , - 'l.-- 33 ---+l

' ; r

t .

3s

3 'The most f fexible. '

Ron rnenjelaskan tentang bahan pipa

'Yang pafing lentur.,

kepada Karnal.

r ) t l l . t r r t l t r r l

13 Lengkapilah tabel ini:

long --r longer -+ longesthard -+wide --)bie -) ]thin -)quiet -) -'heavy --' -) heaviesteasy -+ -'noisy -+ -+

14 Buat tabel serupa untukkata:.kata ini:Contoh: flexible -) more''

flexible -+ mostflexible

flexible I rigid I brirtte Iexpcnsive / combustible

(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(e)(h)(i)

15 Jawablah pertanyaan_pertanyaan(a) Which is rhe most combustible

steel, wood or stone?(b) Which is rhe hardest of these

wood, steel or iron?

ini:of these three substances:

three substances:

(c)

(d)

which is the reast flexibre of these substances:concrete, paper or rubber?which is the lightest of these items: a bucketfurof sand, a bucketful of n"'r, ;b;;k;iri "rwater, or a bucketful of sawdust?

i ..1 'i

The steel pipe is rhehea',' iest and the leastflexible. The rubber oneis the most flexible. Theplastic one is ttre tightest.

*,HS@wR ! / e | B e R P u A 5 r r q

sawdust

36

(e) Whigh is the noisiest of these three vehicles: a car, an aeroplane or abicycle?

(f) which is the most expensive: a car, a bicycle or a truck?

16 Bacalah teks. Kata apa yang masuk ke tabel?

Materials used in pipe making, Pipes are made of three main materials:

I Metal. This is the strongest material, but it is also the heaviest, and themost rigid. It is also the most expensive of the three materials.

2 Rubber. This is the most flexible of the three materials. But it is theweakest

3 Plastic. This is the lightest material. It is also the least expensive of thethree.

Property I (most) 2 3 (least)

I234

strengthlightnessflexibilitycheapness

metal plastic rubber

t7 Jawablah pertanyaan ini:(a) You want to buy new water pipes for

very much money. Which material dowith metal?

(b) You need a pipe to carry waterfrom an electric pump to a watertank. When the pump is on, itmoves a lot from side to side.Which material do you use? Why? tWhy do you not use metal?

(c) Which material do you use to carry oilwrong with rubber?

your house. You do not haveyou use? Why? What's wrong

across the desert? Why? What's

37

4 ( B ) Reading comprehensionPLUM Bt NG/CtVt L ENG tNEERtNGPEMIPAAN AIR/TEKNIK SIPIL

w - f- a- -

rt the. Well[ t consr. Youurttil

Ihe pjwide

dth ofthe piB i s t l

E IsLook a t three t of wells inF IGrh

t G . 1 .ree. It

A is theists of a r

lest of thepoint and

gra poump.

ound uum hammer

the poinpe into the

leueeuel. Tl p e l s ulow waterless than

I 0 m m w d less 20 m long.The wid he ho he same asthat of t pe.

Well B is the chea ause i t has

lg P.uryp: It uses a buchet and rope,The hole is usually more than I m wide.Well B is usually about the same depthas Wel l A.^ The best (and most expensive) well isC. The hole is usually lbss than 0.8 mwide., and the pipe hai the same widthas the one in Well A. The depth isusually more than 20 m. Well C irses apump.

ole

pes

;ne f,r'ell A

rnsistou huril rhpipr

le anof t ,

i p ipe; t h e ,

ypese slnpipe' t h ert issual lthal

e i s

lmpi)e , ae pils b erllya n 2I thr

bece

'Lpe

heis

.rall,haris

t b r

ua!huis

C'

F I G . I

t l, lI' l

l li t r t t t tc r lc rI r /

--A-+rt F\r-L+

. - l L _ . _. t -

_ \ . I _ ._ _ \ / _- _

I Apa nama benda.benda pada Gambar l?

Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini:(a) How wide is the holp in well A? (Answer in millimetres)(b) How deep is it?(c) How deep is Well B?(d) How wide is the pipe in Well C?(e) why is well c the most expensive of the three wells?

3 Benar '(TRUE) atau sarah (FALSE)? perbaiki yang salah:(a) Well B is wider than Well A.(b) Well C is cheaper than Well B.(c) Well C is < 0.5 m wide.(d) Well C is > 20 m deep.

3 8

3'- 'r&il

. ' i l

:E

r F arqi*

r.l '' fs'R.f

r*

, i ;

i'1

it.

Unit SE'fnTV1 'Th ree q u a rters of i t . '

2 Pelajarilah:

'Tiga perempat bagian. '

Irt trttt t.r rttr

a half(+)@a1l1arter

'i'#in@

a fifth(+)

threequarters

(*)

Bacalah

Contoh:

aneighth(+)

(a) Put half of the cement into the wheelbariow.(b) Pour a quarter of the oil out of the tin.

Ron menunjukkan kepada Kamal cara nrembuat adukan semen. Ia menyiapkanbahan nya.

Bagaimana kedudukan pelari di lomba lari ini?Contoh: (a) lst (first)

mV

keras-keras:

f-'r (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f)

ne*e{'?q(e) (h) (i) 0)qfrft g

Use these words:first / second / third / fodrth / fifth / sixth / seventh / eighth / ninth / renth.

39

(a) Put I of the cement into rhewheelbarrow.

(b) Pour I of the oil our of the tin.(c) Throw t of the water away.

4 Pelajarilah:

s0%(fifty percent)

Cut off * of the plank.Please give me + of the sand.You can use * of the gravel.

2s%(twenty-fivepercent)

7s%(seventy-five percent)

(d)(e)(0

:rx

i{,

.;,i t -:fA

,t',i

i

Bacalah(a) The(b) The(c) The(d) The

/

keras-keras:

bottle is 50% empty.tank is 7 5% full.can is 25% empty.bucket is 50% empty.

Baca kembali kalimat di atas dengan cara lain. Gunakan kata-kata:ta quartert, thalft, dan tthree quarterst:

Contoh: (a) The bottle is half empty.

7 Lihat ganrllarr drn bncir

A B Cknl inrat-knl i r t rat in i :

Look at these bottles.The bottle on the left is full of water.The one in the middle is empty.The one on the right is a third full ofwater. (It is two thirds empty.)The full bottle has one litre of water in it.

Sekarang jawablah pertanyaan ini:(a) A third of the water from the bottle on the left goes into the bottle in

the mid dle. How much water n there in the bottles?Contoh: (a) Bottle A: I I (two thirds of a litre).

Bottle B: * I (a third of a litre)Bottle C: * I (a third of a litre)

(b) All the water goes from the bottle on the right into the bottle inthe middle. How much water is there in the bottles?(c) Half of the water from the bottle in the middle goes into the bottleon the left. How much water is there in the bottles?(d) All the water from the bottle on the left goes intb the bottle on theright. How much water is there in the bottles now?

z3

l"3

40

2 'A

l i t t le oi l . A few nai ls. ' 'sediki t minyak. sediki t paku. '

Ron merekatkan dua papan dengan lem dan paku rils.

r t

-r- \) ?-J?.t,n-4Td{ nhl . l . , t L l / * a

\ b t e t - - . 4

jL< 2<l \ -/ , ' l t \ o ? - /

a lo t o f na i ls

i r r r r t t t t l r l l t t. A \

\ €

a few nails

kurung:9 Lengkapi kalimat-kalimat ini. Pilih kata-kata dalam tanda

(a) Use(b) Could you bring me screws, please. (a little/a few)(c) Pour oil into the engine. (a littlel.a,.few)(d) There are bolts in the box. (a little/a lot of)(e) There is - water in the tank. (a few/a lot of)

l0 Pelajari lah:THEsawdust

A LITTLE OFTHE sawdust

^ r )- l - | 1 F

( t - - s ' . ? tfatsMOST OFTHE nails

THEnails

'(3Fi_,.D

11 Pelajari lah:A FEW OFTHE nai ls

3$\'"lo t o f o i l

a litt le oil

ffft

Hb\AOS r>\--l\v,/+

A I]EW OA L ITTLE

ALL : 100% MOST : > 50o < 100% NONE : 0

e.g. all the nails I all of the oile.g. most of the nails / most of the oile.g. some of the nails / some of the watere.g. a few of the nails / a little of the watere.g. none of the nails / none of the water

4 1

i

#.s,gff"id

iT

12 Baca teks ini dan lengkapi kalimat-kalimat di bawahnya:In the drawer there are23 screws,20 bolts, 13 nuts,25 washers and 35nails. In the jar there is a litre of oil. In the can there are 6 litres of petrol.In the bottle there are 1.5 litres of water.Contoh: (a) I need most of the screws.(a) I need screws. (about 20)(b) Please give me - water. (about 0.1 litre)(c) Pour out - oil. (about 0.9 litre)rd) Please take out - nuts. (13)(e) I only qeed washers. (about 4)(f) Could I have petrol? (about 2.5 litres)(g) You can have - nails. (about l5)

13 Baca teks ini. Ganti kata-kata yang dicetak miring dengan yang di dalamkotak. (Tidak semuanya dapat digunakan).

When you drive a car, theengine becomes very hot. Why?When the mixture of air andpetrol burns in the engine, thisproduces energy. But only someo/this energy pushes the pistons.Most of it turns into heat. About50% o/ this heat goes down theexhaust pipe and about 50ok of itstays in the engine. So the enginebecomes very hot.

a ,' the I of I quarter/ half Ithree quarters / third / twothirds / approximately

Air and petrolmixture burns,

exhaustpipe

ENERGY

42

ut!,t ltl lrlati

3 'One part cement to three parts sand. ''Satu bagian semen untuk t iga bagian pasi r . '

Rot t menunjukkan kepada Kamal cara mencampur adukan semen.

14 Cocokkan kalimat dengan gambar yang tepat:Contoh: (a) - (3)

- (a) The ratio of cement to sand is one to thre6.(b) Use one part lime to three parts sand.(c) The ratio of lime to sand is l:2.(d) The ratio of sand to cemerrt is 2:1.

'

(c) Use onc part l ime to one part cement to four parts sand.(f) The ratio of sand to lime to cement is 6: l:1.

sand

Use one partcement to threeparts sand.

@sand

I

cement

cement

@sand

43

15 Buatlah gambar untuk petunjuk di bawah ini:Contoh: (a)

Use two parts blue paint to one part yellow paint.Make the mortar using one part cement to one part lime to six partssand.

(c) Mix water and paste in the ratio 1:2.(d) To make concrete, use four parts gravel to two parts sand to one part

cement.(e) To make orange paint, mix red and yellow paint in the ratio 2:l

(red:yellow).(f) Mix the glue and the hardener in the ratio one to one.

16 Jawablah pertanyaan-pertan-vaan ini:(a) In a box, there are twenty screws and five nails. What is the ratio of

screws to nails?(b) On the ground there are eight kilos of sand, two kilos of lime and two

kilos of cement. What is the ratio of sand to lime to cement?(c) In a litre of orange paint there are two parts red to one part yellow

paint. How much red paint is there?(d) In this heap of mortar there is cernent, lime and sand in the ratio l:l:4.

There are six kilos of mortar. How much sand is there?(e) This concrete consists of four parts gravel to three parts sand to one

par! cement (by weight). There are 8 kg of gravel. How much sand isthere in the concrete?

(a)(b)

bluepaint

yellow paint

44

4(A) Reading comprehbnsion

r i'l

i Hovy to weld (Uectric Arc) i$,l 1 Hold the screen in front of from the plate., l$r' your eyes. 4 Strike an arc between the tip X+fr 2 Hold rhe electrode at 80o to and the plate. l$'$ the surface of the plates. 5 Move th'e electrode steadilv illXn 3 Make sure that the tip of the backwards in a straight lin6 j]jii, electrgde is less than 3 mm (see FlG.ll. ,$ii

u f r r c ' , , , - 4 f u | F r c ' , f T , l i l

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1,, You can weld the whole ioin (slf Fic.- ,.i::::iii of itl, as in FlG. 1, or yb, can 3 r ', r r r r i;::iii + $ w e f d p a r t o f i t . 3 I 3 I 3 i i5$ l" one method (F!G-. 31, you ry.eld fiii almost all of the join. in another

r , r 2 3 2riir method (FlG.4l you wetd most -,^ -

'll

li' of it, and in a third method .- '- iiiii

f i i 'n i . 'sr l l iwefdrr i r i " t ' i i .=." ' � r ' r ' ' t '

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FABRICATIONFABRIKASI

) .

F I G . I

( b )

I Scbutkntt rlalna bencla yang ditandai dengan huruf (a)-(e) pada Gambar Idan 2.

2 Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini:- (a) What is the best distance of the tip from the plates? Choose one:

(1) 3 mm (2) 2.5 mm (3) 3.8 mm (4),4 mm

(b) What is the ratio of weld to join in fl) Fig. 3?(2) Fig. a?(3) Fig. s?

4 5

4(B) Reading comprehens ion MASON RYPERTUKANGAN BATU

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iiiii -How to mix concrete by hand- $Li

::':::i;i:i: Concrete is lnade from cement, aggregateiiii. and a small amount of water. The aggregateii is both ooarse {e.9. stones and gravel} andI fine (e.9. sand). The coarse aggregate, fine' aggregate and cement are usually in the

ratio 4:221.

1 Put two shovelfuls of sand into a wheel-barrow.

2 Add a shovelful of cement,3 Mix these thoroughly with a shovel.4 Add four shovelfuls of gravel. Mix

thoroughly.5 Make a hollow in the middle. Add a little

water with a hose. CAUTION: Do notadd all of the water-only a little.

6 Mix the materials thoroughly.7 Add more watsr and mix again until the

concrete is the @rrect thickness.

.....,,,...rrnr:,:::::...::.il{li1i!:.iiii

Isitah kotak-kotak yang bertanda huruf (a)-(d) di bawah ini dengankata yang tepat.

ConcreteContoh: (a) - coarse aggregate.

Apa nama benda-benda pada gambar B?Contoh: (a) This is called a wheelbarrow.

Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini:(a) You want to make 7 cubic metres of concrete. Approxirnately how

much aggregate do you buy?(b) How much cement do you buy?(c) How much fine aggregate do you buy?(d) How much coarse aggregate do you buy?(e) Why do you mix two shovelfuls of sand with one of cement and four

of gravel? Why not one shovelful of each?

46

r r l rL t ] l t t t l l l t

unit trIgr{T1 'The nuts are f oosened.,Kanral sedang r , tenggant i roda mobi lnya.

I Pelajarilah:

2 Buatlah kalimat:Contoh: (a) The wheel num are

Ioosened.You loosen the wheel nuts.You turn the'handleclockwise.

'Murnya longgar. '

(c) You open the door.(d) You tighten the screw.(e) You fill the bucket.(f) You push the lever forwards.(g) You pull the.handle.(h) You press the button.

(a)(b)

47

You can make two differentthe same action:

sentences about-____=_

loosen * ed Ioosened

START HEREThe wheel nutsare loosened.

START UENE

orYou loosen thewheel nuts.

3 Pelajarilah:

turn | | turnedopen | | openedtighten | | tightenedfill | +ed | filledpush | | pushedpull | | pulledpress | | pressed

5 Isilah tit ik-tit ik:(a) Contoh: I The wheel nuts are

loosened with aspanner.

2 The car is with a jack.3 The wheel nuts are taken off.4 The wheel5 A new wheel is put on.6 The wheel nuts

: ''

7 The car is lowered and the jack is

8 The wheel nuts

6 Buatlah petunjuk:

Contoh: (a) I Mark the hole.2 Place the wood in

a vice.3 Switch on the drill.4 Drill the hole.

(a) I The hole is marked.2 The wood is placed in a vice.3 The drill is switched, on.4 The hole is drilled.

(b) I The power is switched off.

4 Pelajarilah:

lower * e d lowered

replaceremoveralse

+ dreplacedremovedraised

put'take

Iputtaken

(b) Contolt: I I oosen the wheelnuts with a spanner.

2 Raise the car with a jack.3 off the wfieel nuts.4 Remove the wheel.5 - a new wheel on.6 Replace the wheel nuts.'7 - the car and take away thejack.

8 Tighten the wheel nuts.

7 Pelajarilah:

markswitchdrillinsertpickcheck

* e d

markedswitcheddrilledinsertpickedchecked

spread I spread

2 The bulb is taken out of the socket.3 A new bulb is inserted in the socket.4 The power is switched'on.

(c) I The brick is picked.up.2 The mortar is spread on it.3 The brick,is pui on the concrete.4 The level is checked.

4 8

2 'The fan is turned by the belt, which is turned':,1.:Tr,t"1?Jl,l; oreh,.u r"n, ;,.;:-:: oreh mesin :''

""

Kamal menjelaskan cara kerja kipas angin pada sistem pendingin mobil.

t t l t t l t . t t I I t I

START HERE.. . . . . . . . ; .The fan rs turned bythe belt, which rsturned by the engine.

(Ini artinya:I The fan is turned by the belt.2 The belt is turned by the engine.)

or

The engine turnsthe belt, whichturns the fan.

(Ini artinya:I The engine turns the belt.2 The belt turns the fan.)

Dalam kedua hal, mesin

o engineryakkan ttJr,g't': @ ranMengacu pada apakah wHIcH daram karimat.karimat ini?9) fb. fan is turned by the belt, which is turned by the engine.q) rhr engine turns the belt, which turns the fan.

-

(.) llr engine is cooled by the fan, which is turned by rhe belt.(d) The belt turns the fan, which cools the engine.

Gabungkan kalimat-karimat ini, menggunakan kata wHICH:9) fhr engine is cooled by the fan. The fan is rurned by the bert(b) The fan is turned by the belt. The belt is turned uy itre engine.(c) The belt turns the fan. The fan cools the engine.(d) The engine turns the belt. The belt turns the fan.

The fan isturned by thebelt, whibhis turned bvthe engine.

-

i l €Fengine

49

menimbulkan terjadinya gerakan ini? Buat catatan seperti padal0 Apa yangcontoh:Contoh: (a) O foot -) @ pedal -) O sprocket

(b) O pedal ------------i @ sprocket ------+ C charn

(a) The foot presses the Pedal,which turns the sProcket.

(b) The chain is Pulled bY thesprocket, which is turned bYthe pedal.

(c) The wheel is turned bY thechain, which is pulled bY thesprocket.

(d) The chain turns the wheel,which makes the bicycle moveforwards.

sprocket chain

(a) Wheel A turns the motor,which turns wheel B.

(b) Gear C is turned by gear B,which is turned by gear A.

(c) Piston A pushes piston B,which operates the brake.

(d) Gear D is turned by gear A,which also turns gear B.

(e) The foot is pushed by thebrake pedal, which is pushedby piston A.

(f) Wheel A is turned by themotor, which also turns wheelC.

a:, Ipedal

1 1 Benar (TRUE) atau salah (FALSE)? Perbaiki yang salah:

Contoh: (a) FALSE. The motor turns wheel A, which turns wheel B.

foot

brakepedal

piston Aoil

wheel B

piston B

tobrake

' lIl

mot

gea

gear D C

or n

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50

. ) 4 Bacalah keras-keras:(a) lke (d) ' .3 .skg (e) 1.05/(b) 20kg (e) t3t (h) 17 t(c) st (f) 30kg (i) 70kg

Tuliskanlah ini dalamContoh: (a) nineteen(a) nineteen kilos(b) seventy litres(c) fifteen cubic metres(d) eighty square

mill imetres(e) thirteen kilometres

2 'Hpw much gravel? How many br icks?''Berapa banyak batul Berapa banyak batu bata?'Ron sedang memesan bahan-bahan pada sebuah toko.

6 Ulangi: Piease send me some bricks.How many?About 500.Please send me some gravel.How much?About 30 ki los

angka. dan huruf.

k i los - lgkg(0 eightgen square

metres(g) one mil l imetre(h) ninety metres( i ) a k i lo .(t) thirty litres

Please sendme somebricks.

Pleasesend mesomegravel. trM

1 6

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7 Pelajarilah:

a paneof glass

(a) gravel(b) wood(c) sand(d) steel

a sheetof paper

2 litresof oi l

Buatlah frase:

Contoh: (a) a bucket of gravel on a sack of graveloR l0 kiloS of gravel.

(e) paint (i) oil(f) glass 0) water(g) paper(h) cement

Gunakan kata-kata ini: sheet / sack / pale / bucket i tin / plank /ki lo / l i t re

Buatlah percakapan:

Contoh: (a) n: Please send me some bricks.B: How many?

, A: About 500.(b) n: Please send me some sand.

B: How much?n:' About 30 ki los.

(a) bricks . . . about 500. (f)(b) sand . . . about 30kg. (g)(c) gravel . . . about 40kg. (h)(d) paper . . . 400 sheets. (i)( e ) l o n g n a i l s . . . 4 p a c k e t s . ( j )

c e m e n t . . . 2 s a c k s .w o o d . . . 2 0 p l a n k s .g lass . . .4 panes.r e d p a i n t . . . 5 t i n s .o i l . l0 / .

3 kilosof sand

l 7

CONCRETE

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l0 Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan

To make I m3 of concrete,(a) How much cement do you use?(b) How much gravel do you use?(c) How much sand do you use? ;

You have I sack of cement - "

(d) How many sacks of sand do you add?(e) How many sacks of gravel do you

add?

' l t 's r ig id. You can' t bend i t . ''Benda ini kaku, t idak dapat ditekuk.,

I I Ulangi: A: This plastic is f lexible.You can bend it.But this plastic is rigid.You can't bend it.

Thisplastic isflexible.

L"r 1)G t t q

You canbend i t .

But thisplast ic isr igid.

- : /

c)=\,

-' a /

\ (\ lil You can't

bend it.

l 8

12 Pelajarilah:

KThis material This material terial

e

P / lI

maxibl

Thisis fleis hard

q is toueh,

/ > \ - ! o-A v ---j, l.gF ' E 6 bThis materialis soft

This mater ialis britt le

This marerialis rigid

This materialis combustible

This material isnon-combustible

l3

l4

Buat kalimat tentang gambar-gambar pada Latihan 1l :Contoh: (a) This material is hard. You cannot cut it.

Sebutkan paling sedikit tiga bahan untuk tiap kalimat:

Conrch: (a) Paper, wood and oil.(a) You czrn burn i t . (e) I t is non-combust ibte.(b) It is britt le. (f) You can bend it easily.(c) You cannot scratch it easily. (g) It is very hard. I

(d) I t is very tough. . , (h) I t is r ig id.

Jawablah pertanyaan' ini dan berikan alasannya.

Contoh: (a) No, you can't. Glass is a hard material.(d) Yes, you can. Rubber is a flexible material.'

(a) Can you scratch a pane of glass easily?(b) Can you break steel easily?(c) Can you bend a plank of wood easily?

ill ff iil ffi:f ; ;,:'"'..;,,Jf :::tii;(D Can you break.a pane of glass easily? \|-(g) Can you bend i concrere beam easiiy?(h) can you scrarch a plank of wood with a knife easilv'l(i) Can you burn a sheet of paper easily?0) Can you bend iron easilyi

l5

-=-G\ blockL1!if (rnade of stone)

beam(made ofconcrete)

t 9

4 'Why is i t made of plast ic?''Mengapa benda ini terbuat dari plast ik?'

Ulangi: A: Why are these made of plastic?n: Because plastic is a tough material.

Buatlah tabel ini dalam buku tulis Anda dan lengkapilah:

l6

t7

Why arethese madeof plastic?

Becauseplastic is atough material.

OBJECT MATERIAL PROPERTY

(a) bridge steel tough

(b) tyre ffexible

(c) vice lron heavy

(d) goggles

(e) buildin-g concrete

(0 file I2

tough

(e) helmet I l ight2 _

(h) match

( i) eraser

0) plastic tough

(k) bulb glass

light stone

20

r8 Buat pertAnyaan dan jawaban tentang tabel tersebut:Contoh: (a) A: Why are bridges made of steel?

B: Because steel is a tough material.You can't break it easily.

Jawablah pertanyaan-pertanyaan ini:

Contoh: (a) Because rubber is a flexible material.You can bend it easily.

(a) ttr/hy are bridges not made of rubber?(b) Why are goggles not made of glass?(c) Why are tyres not made of iron?(d) Why are vices not made of plastic?(e) Why are buildings not made of paper?(f) Why are files not made of rubber?(g) Why are helmets not made of glass?(h)" lvhy are matches not made of stone?

20 Buatlah uraian:Contoh: (a) The rungs of this ladder are made of steel,

because steel is a tough material.

(plastic)

rungs(steel)

top(glass)

I9

strap(rubber)

(concrete)

handle(steel)

2 l