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Analisa Operasional !(Gerakan Kerja)!

ANALISA DAN PENGUKURAN KERJA

Debrina Puspita Andriani e"Mail':'[email protected]'

Blog':'http://debrina.lecture.ub.ac.id/'

Jurusan'Teknik'Industri'

Semester'Gasal'2014/2015'

6

OU

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Studi&Gerakan&/&Mo#on%Study%

Methods%Study%

Studi&Ekonomi&Gerakan&

Methods(Study(

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!  METHODS(STUDY(:(the(part(of(methods(engineering(normally(involving(an(examination(and(analysis(of(an(operation(or(a(work(cycle(broken(down(into(its(constituent(parts(to(improve(the(operation,(eliminate(unnecessary(steps,((and/(or(establish(and(record(in(detail(a(proposed(method(of(performance(

!  WORK(MEASUREMENT(:(A(process(for(measuring(the(required(time(for(performing(a(given(task,(by(a(given(method,(by(a(trained(worker,(working(in(a(normal(pace.'

JOB(DESIGN(:((METHODS(STUDY(+(WORK(MEASUREMENT(

WORK(STUDY,(ANALYSIS,(DESIGN,(or(METHODS(ENGINEERING(

METHODS((STUDY(

WORK(MEASUREMENT(

Resulting(in(more((effective(use(of((

Manpower,(Material,(Machine,(and(Working(

environment(

Making(possible(improved(Planning(and(Control,(Manning((and(as(a(basis(for(Sound(Incentives(Schemes(

HIGH(PRODUCTIVITY(22/10/2014( www.debrina.lecture.ub.ac.id(5(

Langkah\langkah((Penelitian(Kerja(

Penelitian(Kerja(

PRINSIP2(PENGATURAN(METODE(KERJA(• (Ergonomi(• (Studi(gerakan(• (Ekonomi(gerakan(

TEKNIK2((PENGUKURAN(KERJA(• (Pengukuran(waktu(• (Pengukuran(tenaga(• (Pengukuran(dampak(((((((((psikologis(&(sosiologis(

Beberapa(alternatif(

sistem(kerja(yang(lebih(

baik(

Produktivitas(lebih(tinggi(

Alternatif(sistem(kerja(

terbaik(


METHODS( STUDY(Adalah(kegiatan(pencatatan(secara(sistematis(dan(pemeriksaan(dengan(seksama(mengenai(cara(–(cara(yang(berlaku(atau(diusulkan(untuk(melaksanakan(kerja.(Sasaran(pokoknya(adalah(mencari,(mengembangkan,(dan(menerapkan(metode(kerja(yang(terbaik,(dengan(tujuan(akhir(waktu(penyelesaian(yang(lebih(cepat.((

Terdapat(4(macam(komponen(yang(harus(dipelajari(untuk(mendapatkan(metode(kerja(terbaik.(

" KOMPONEN(MANUSIA(:(bagaimana(posisi(pekerja(agar(mampu(menghasilkan(gerakan(nyaman.(

" KOMPONEN(MATERIAL(:(bagaimana(cara(menempatkan(material,(jenis(material(yang(mudah(diproses.(Contoh:(bahan(baku,(komponen,(parts,(limbah,(dll(

" KOMPONEN(MESIN:(bagaimana(desain(permesinan(dan/(atau(peralatan(kerja(lainnya,(apakah(telah(ergonomis?(

" KOMPONEN(LINGKUNGAN(KERJA(FISIK(:(bagaimana(kondisi(lingkungan(kerja(fisik(,(apakah(telah(ergonomis?'

METHODS-STUDY-

COMPONENTS-OF-METHODS-STUDY-


LANGKAH\LANGKAH(M-E-T-H-O-D-S--S-T-U-D-Y-

IDENTIFIKASI'aktivitas'kerja'yang'

akan'ditelaah,'dan'

lakukan'analisis'

terhadap'komponen"

komponen'sistem'

kerjanya.'

Jadikan'pekerja'dan/

atau'supervisor'yang'

ada'sebagai'sumber'

INFORMASI'dan'libatkan'mereka'dalam'

proses'perubahan/

perbaikan'yang'akan'

dilakukan.'

Buat'ANALISA'dan'langkah/prosedur'kerja'

dengan'menggunakan'

“peta'kerja”'sebagai'

alat'untuk'melakukan'

analisa'yang''sistematis'

dan'logis.'

Buat'RANCANGAN'

langkah/metoda'kerja'

baru'dengan'

menerapkan'prinsip'"'

prinsip'ekonomi'

gerakan,'simplifikasi'

kerja,'dll.'

Buat'dalam'beberapa'

alternatif'dan'PILIH'

alternatif'yang'terbaik'

APLIKASI'rancangan'tata'cara'kerja'baru,'

dan'evaluasi.'


WHEN

(&(WHER

E(?(

“BOTTLE(NECK”((!(idle,(late(

TARGET((tidak(terpenuhi(

Lingkungan(kerja(tidak(ENASE(

Peningkatan(PRODUKTIVITAS(


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S(T(U(D(I(((E(K(O(N(O(M(I((G(E(R(A(K(A(N(

!  Adalah'kondisi'pekerjaan'yang'memungkinkan'dilakukannya'

gerakan"gerakan'secara'ekonomis,'yaitu'dengan'eliminasi'

kegiatan,'kombinasi'gerakan/aktivitas'kerja,'dan'

penyederhanaan'kegiatan'dengan'memperhatikan'faktor"

faktor'sebagai'berikut:'


PRINSIP(–(PRINSIP((EKONOMI(GERAKAN(

•  Gunakan'dua'tangan'pada'saat'bekerja'

secara'serentak,'simetris;'mulai'dan'

mengakhiri'gerakan'pada'saat'yang'sama.'

•  Gerakan'kontinyu'dan'membentuk'kurva'

akan'lebih'baik'dibandingkan'dengan'

gerakan'lurus,'patah'patah'dan'berubah'

arah'secara'tiba"tiba.'

•  Atur'gerakan'kerja'dalam'suatu'irama'kerja'

yang'enak'dan'mudah.'Gerakan'harus'

diatur'dalam'urutan'yang'tepat'tanpa'harus'

banyak'“idle”.'Gerakan'kerja'satu'sedapat'

mungkin'berakhir'berdekatan'dengan'awal'

gerakan'berikutnya.'

•  Posisi'siku'dan'lengan'sedekat'mungkin'

dekat'dengan'tubuh'[badan]'pada'saat'

bekerja.'Gerakan'kerja'jari"jari'tangan'akan'

lebih'menghemat'enersi'dibandingkan'

dengan'lengan'atau'gerakan'tubuh.'

Penggunaan(badan/anggota(tubuh(manusia(



•  Hindari'tangan'untuk'berada'dalam'posisi'

statis,'untuk'itu'penggunaan'jigs,'fixture'

ataupun'clamp'akan'sangat'dianjurkan'untuk'

memegang'benda'kerja'dalam'waktu'yang'

relatif'tetap'dan'lama.'

•  Eliminasi'gerakan'material(handling(ataupun'loading'/'unloading'dan'manfaatkan'

pengaruh'gravitasi'untuk'memindahkan'

material.'

•  Atur'stasiun'kerja'sedemikan'rupa'sehingga'

gerakan"gerakan'kerja'tidak'harus'melawan'

gaya'gravitasi.'Atur'pula'letak'komponen,'

material,'peralatan'kerja'pada'posisi'tetap,'

teratur'sehingga'gampang'dicari'dan'

dijangkau.'

•  Pilih'alternatif'yang'terbaik'untuk'posisi'kerja'

yang'harus'dilakukan'oleh'operator,'apakah'

kerja'harus'dilakukan'sambil'duduk,'berdiri,'

jongkok,'berbaring,'dan'sebagainya.'

Perancangan(alat\alat(dan(perlengkapan(kerja(



•  Atur'ketinggian'tempat'kerja'dan'dimensi"

dimensi'kerja'lainnya'sesuai'dengan'ukuran'

tubuh'(anthropometri)'operator'sehingga'kerja'

dapat'dilakukan'secara'nyaman'dan'tidak'

melelahkan.'

•  Gunakan'cara'kerja'yang'mampu'menghemat'

pemakaian'enerji'fisik'manusia.'Gunakan'

prinsip'mekanisasi'fasilitas'kerja'seperti'

penggunaan'power'tool,'material'handling'

equipment,'multi"purpose'tools,'dll.'

Implementasikan'konsep'“working'smarter'not'

harder”.'

•  Rancang'dan'jaga'lingkungan'fisik'kerja'

(temperatur,'humidity,'noise,'lighting,'dll)'

yang'nyaman'dan'aman.''

•  Atur'aktivitas'kerja'dengan'memberikan'skedul'

istirahat'untuk'melepaskan'lelah'dan'rasa'

bosan'secara'teratur.''

•  Orderliness,'cleaness'and'good'house'keeping!'

Tempat(kerja(berlangsung('


Studi(Gerakan(/((Motion-Study-

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Studi(Gerakan(/((Motion-Study-

Adalah'studi'tentang'gerakan"gerakan'yang'dilakukan'pekerja'

untuk'menyelesaikan'pekerjaannya'secara'efektif'dan'efisien.'


Studi'Gerakan'

Visual'Motion'

Study'

Elemen'Gerakan'

THERBLIGS'

Micromotion'

Study'

NO( NAMA(THERBLIGS( LAMBANG( WARNA(

1( Mencari([Search]( Sh( Black(

2( Menemukan(([Find]( F( Gray(

3( Memilih([Select]( Sl( Gray,(Light(

4( Memegang([Grasp]( G( Lake(Red(

5( Memegang(untuk(Memakai([Hold]( H( Gold(Ochre(

6( Membawa(dengan(beban([Transport(Loaded]( TL( Green(

7( Menjangkau(/(membawa(tanpa(beban([Transport(Empty]( TE( Olive(Green(

8( Mengarahkan([Position]( P( Blue(

9( Merakit([Assemble]( A( Violet,(Heavy(

10( Memakai([Use]( U( Purple(

11( Mengurai(rakitan([Disassembly]( DA( Violet(

12( Memeriksa([Inspection]( I( Burn(Ochre(

13( Mengarahkan(awal([Pre\Position]( PP( Sky(Blue(

14( Melepas([Release(Load]( RL( Carmine(Red(

15( Keterlambatan(yang(tak(terhindarkan([Unavoidable(Delay]( UD( Yellow(Ochre(

16( Keterlambatan(yang(terhindarkan([Avoidable(Delay]( AD( Lemon(Yellow(

17( Merencanakan([Plan]( Pn( Brown(

18( Istirahat(untuk(Menghilangkan(Lelah([Rest(to(Overcome(Fatigue]( R( Orange(


More'in':''http://gilbrethnetwork.tripod.com/therbligs.html'

'



Elemen(Gerakan(Therbligs((1)(

S'E'A'R'C'H''

•  The'Search'motion'starts'when'the'eyes'and/or'hand'start'to'seek'the'object'needed'

and'ends'just'as'the'object'is'located.'

F(I(N(D'

•  If'there'is'an'enigma'in'the'Therblig'system,'Find'is'it.'Dr.'Barnes'eliminated'this'

Therblig,'explaining'that'it'was'a'mental'reaction,'at'the'end'of'the'Search'cycle.'

S(E(L(E(C(T'

•  This'Therblig'may'be'considered'a'part'of'Search.'However,'through'usage'by'the'

Gilbreths,'it'was'found'to'indicate'locating'an'object'from'a'group'of'similar'objects.'

G'R'A'S'P'

•  In'simplest'terms,'Grasp'is'when'the'worker's'hand'grabs'the'object.'The'Therblig'

ends'when'the'next'Therblig,'of'Use'or'Transport'Loaded,'begins.'

H(O(L(D'

•  Dr.'Barnes'said'this'Therblig'was'"....the'retention'of'an'object'after'it'has'been'

grasped,'[with]'no'movement'of'the'object'taking'place.”'

REST(FOR(FATIGUE'

•  This'Therblig'is'actually'a'lack'of'motion'and'is'only'found'where'the'rest'is'

prescribed'by'the'job'or'taken'by'the'worker.'


Elemen(Gerakan(Therbligs((2)'

TRANSPORT(LOADED'

•  This'Therblig'begins'after'Grasp'where'the'hand'is'doing'"work"'by'moving'the'weight'of'

an'object,'and'ends'when'just'before'the'Release'Load,'Use'or'Assemble'Therbligs.''

TRANSPORT(EMPTY'

•  This'is'the'motion'of'moving'the'unloaded'hand'from'the'point'of'Release'Load,'

to'the'next'function'within'the'sequence.''

P(O(S(I(T(I(O(N'

•  This'motion'is'the'act'of'placing'the'object'in'the'proper'orientation'for'Use.'

ASSEMBLE'

•  This'Therblig'starts'when'two'or'more'parts'are'placed'together'(a'peg'into'a'hole)'and'

ends'when'either'the'assembled'object'is'Transport'Loaded'or'when'the'hand'reaches'for'

another'part'(Transport'Empty).'

U((S((E'

•  This'Therblig'should'not'be'confused'with'Assemble.'Use'is'when'an'object'is'

being'operated'as'it'was'intended,'and'typically'denotes'a'tool.''

DISASSEMBLE'

•  This'motion'is'essentially'the'opposite'of'Assemble,'depending'on'the'

circumstances.''


Elemen(Gerakan(Therbligs((3)'

I'N'S'P'E'C'T'

•  This'Therblig'involves'the'act'of'comparing'the'object'with'a'predetermined'

standard.''

PRE\POSITION'

•  This'is'the'motion'of'replacing'an'item'in'the'proper'orientation'for'it's'next'Use.'

RELEASE(LOAD'•  This'motion'involves'releasing'the'object'when'it'reaches'its'destination.'

UNAVOIDABLE'

DELAY'

•  This'Therblig'is'measured'from'the'point'where'a'hand'is'inactive'to'the'point'where'

it'becomes'active'again,'with'another'Therblig.'

AVOIDABLE(DELAY'

•  This'counterpart'to'Unavoidable'Delay,'involves'inactive'time'the'worker'encounters'

over'which'he/she'has'control.'

P((L((A((N'

•  This'Therblig'is'a'mental'function,'which'may'occur'before'Assemble'(deciding'

which'part'goes'next)'or'prior'to'Inspection,'noting'which'flaws'to'look'for.''


Klasifikasi(Elemen(Gerakan(Therbligs(((menurut(Shiego(Singo)'

Kelompok'Utama'(Objective'

Basic'Division)'

• Assemble'

• Disassemble'

• Use'

Kelompok'Penunjang'(Physical'

Basic'Division)'

• Reach'• Grasp'• Move'

• Release'Load'

EFFECTIVE(THERBLIGS(

INEFFECTIVE(THERBLIGS(

Kelompok'Pembantu''

(Mental'/'Semi"Mental'Basic'

Division)'

• Search'• Select'• Position'• Inspect'• Hold'• Preposition'

Kelompok'Gerakan'Elemen'

Luar'(Delay)'

• Unavoidable'delay'• Avoidable'delay'• Rest'to'overcome'fatigue'

• Plan''

M(I(C(R(O(M(O(T(I(O(N(((S(T(U(D(Y(

•  is'the'study'of'the'fundamental'element'or'

subdivisions'of'an'operation'by'mean'of'a'

motion'picture'camera'and'a'timing'device'

which'accurately'indicates'the'time'

intervals'on'the'motion'picture'film'

•  Micromotion'Study'provides'a'technique'

for'recording'and'timing'an'activity.'

•  It'consists'of'taking'motion'picture'of'the'

operation'with'a'clock'in'the'picture'or'with'

a'motion'picture'camera'or'video'camera'

operating'at'constant'and'known'speed'

•  Advantages'of'micromotion'studies'over'

direct'observation.'

•  Greater'details'are'made'availalble'

•  More'accurate'

•  Easier'in'data'collection'

•  Better'for'record'keeping''

•  Help''in'work'study'personnel's'

development(22/10/2014( www.debrina.lecture.ub.ac.id(23(

M(I(C(R(O(M(O(T(I(O(N(((S(T(U(D(Y(

•  The'procedure'of'improving'methods'

consists'of':'

1.  filming'the'operation'to'be'studied'

2.  analyzing'the'film'

3.  charting'the'results'of'the'analysis'(SIMO'Chart)'

4.  developing'an'improved'method'through'the'problem'

solving'process''


SIMO((Simultaneous(Motion)(Chart(

MEMOMOTION(STUDY(

!  In'Micro"motion'Study,'the'speed'of'the'camera'used'ranges'

from'10'fps'or'100'frames'per'minute'(fpm).'But'faster'cameras'

may'be'used'to'study'very'fast'hand'motions'or'complex'

operations.'

!  In'memomotion'study,'the'camera'speed'is'at'60'or'100'frames'per'

minute.'Introduced'by'Marvin'Mundel.'

!  It'costs'less'than'micromotion'study'(only'costs'6%'of'the'cost'of'a'

micromotion'study.'

'


- Unknown -


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