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STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan

(Research Methodology)

Tajuk: Peranan Penyelidik

Topic: (The Role of the Graduate Student)by

Prof. Dato Dr. Baharudin Bin Yatim

B. Sc.(Hons.), Ph. D. (Kent)DSNS, DNS, JSM, KMN, PPT, PMC

FIOP, FIFM, MInTeM, MISES

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The Graduate Program

The graduate program in the faculty of science andtechnology (FST) are:

Masters by Research

Masters by Coursework and Research Doctor of Philosophy by Research

All programs involve research

A student must be

Mindful of factors contributing to success inresearch

Aware of and practice the proper role of a graduateresearcher

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Factors Contributing to the

Success of ResearchAcademic ability*

Research competency

Managerial skill Interpersonal skill

Financial stability*

Emotional Stability*

Commitment to the program*

Hard work*

* Factors marked will not be discussed

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Research Competency

This include (among others):

Literature search and review

Writing the research proposal

Keeping of research records

Writing progress reports

Writing the thesis

Writing papers for journals/conferences

Theoretical competence

Experimental competenceThe student has to develop these competencies

mostly through own initiative

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Managerial Aspects of Graduate

Studentship Pertaining to the regulations

Registration, suspension and extension of study

Payment of fees

Minimum grade of B to proceed

Conversion from masters to Ph.D. program

Permission to write the thesis in English

Notice of submission of thesis

Defense of thesis

Submission of bound thesis

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Managerial Aspects of Graduate

StudentshipPertaining to procedures

Submission of research proposal

Presentation and defense of research proposal

Procedure for working in the laboratory outside

normal working hours

Monthly progress reports Progress report for the semester

Participation in Graduate Seminars

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Managerial Aspects of Graduate

StudentshipPertaining to the research

Planning the research

Acquiring theoretical & experimental skills

Executing the research plan

Monitoring the research progress

Keeping the research log book

Submission of Progress reports Preparation of the thesis

Care of the laboratory and equipment

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Interpersonal Aspects of

ResearchA graduate student in carrying out his research will

interact with:

The supervisor or supervisory committee Graduate students in his group

Graduate students in other groups in same program/school

Groups in other schools/institutions

Undergraduate students working under the same supervisor or group

Technical support personnel

Administrative support personnel

The graduate student adept at interpersonal skills willfind his path less bumpy

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The Student and the Supervisor Know who your supervisor or research committee members is/are

Familiarize yourself with the work of your supervisor

Ascertain with the supervisor how the routine meeting is to be carried

out. The student is to see to its implementation Make notes of all meetings with the supervisor and give him a copy

Keep your supervisor informed of progress and activities

Submit report/manuscript to your supervisor on which you have putyour best efforts not rough outlines

Allow your supervisor sufficient time to read your report or manuscript Ask your supervisor how he likes to see the manuscript for your thesis

See your supervisor if you face any problems, dont disappear and lethim summon you

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The Student and Technical

Personnel The technical personnel assigned to a research group either

on a full or part time basis is to assist the group, but not a

slave to the group Instructions or requests for his services are to be given in a

diplomatic manner

It is suggested that requests be put down in writing

Allow sufficient time for him to deliver any services

Any complaints against a personnel must be made in a

constructive way the success of your research depends

on his cooperation

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The Student and Administrative

Personnel Administrative personnel either in FST or Graduate School

administers Regulations and Procedures. To a limited

extent they can also give counsel The student has to deal with the administrative personnel

on matters of registration, semester report, notice of

submission of thesis, request to write the thesis in English,

notice ofviva voce, the viva voce, final submission of

thesis, notification of results, testimonials all for thebenefit of the student

It is normal practice to be diplomatic in all exchanges

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PLAGIARISM

TO PLAGIARIZE

TO STEAL AND PASS OFF (THE IDEAS OR WORDS

OF ANOTHER) AS ONES OWN. TO PRESENT AS NEW AND ORIGINAL AN IDEA OR

PRODUCT DERIVED FROM AN EXISTING SOURCE.

(WEBSTERS COLLEGEDICTIONARY)

PLAGIARISM IS ILLEGAL (HARAM).

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The following guidelines on plagiarism were taken fromRonald B. Standler, 200.

Plagiarism in Colleges in USA, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm

When using another person's words, to avoid

plagiarism one must always do both of the following:

1. Provide a citation in the text AND reference list or in a

footnote, and

2. Either enclose their words inside quotation marks or puttheir words in a block of indented, single-spaced text.

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Paraphrasing without a citation is plagiarism

Suppose one reads a book by Smith and encounters the short

sentence:

If the solution turns pink, it is worthless, and should be

discarded.

It is plagiarism to paraphrase this sentence as:

When the liquid becomes light red, it is spoiled, and shouldbe poured down the sink.

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The proper way to avoid such plagiarism is to cite the source

in the text, or in a footnote, as in:

Smith [citation/footnote number] has reported that when

the liquid becomes light red, it is spoiled, and should be

poured down the sink.

No quotation marks are needed, because these are not Smith's

exact words, but only a paraphrase.

But a citation to Smith is still required.

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SOURCES OF PLAGIARISM

A student

1. Copied paragraphs from various scholarly

journals or books in the library, or

2. Removed an old term paper from the files

in his fraternity and copied some, or all, of

it.

3. Downloaded whole or part of report fromthe internet.

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REPORTED

CASES OF PLAGIARISM IN USA

quoted by

Ronald. B. Standler

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Napolitano

In January 1982, Gabrielle Napolitano, then in her senior year

at Princeton University, plagiarized the majority of her 12-page term paper in a Spanish class from a book in the library.

While she did cite the book in five footnotes, she did not

include citations in the text for some paraphrased material and

she did not include the indicia of quotations for "numerous"verbatim quotations.

The professor was familiar with the book and immediately

recognized the plagiarism.

The Princeton University Committee on Discipline inFebruary 1982 unanimously found Napolitano had plagiarized

and recommended punishment of delaying her bachelor's

degree for one year.

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Lamberis

Anthony Lamberis, an attorney in Illinois, was enrolled in

classes in an LL.M. program in Law at NorthwesternUniversity during 1970-71.

In 1977, he submitted a thesis that was rejected as

unsatisfactory.

In 1978, he submitted a 93-page thesis, of which 47 pageswere "substantially verbatim" from two sources that Lamberis

did not cite.

His professors detected the plagiarism in June 1979.

Lamberis attempted to resign from the law school, but

Northwestern University expelled him, then reported him to

the Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission.

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The court held that Lamberis violated a provision in the Code

of Professional Responsibility for attorneys.

The court continued:The respondent violated this provision when he plagiarized

the two sources. The essence of plagiarism is deceit. In this

case, the deceit is aggravated by the level on which it

occurred. Academic forums have a long and well-knowntradition of evaluating each individual on his own

performance. The respondent attempted to exploit this

tradition to his own benefit; the purpose of his deceitful

conduct was to obtain a valuable consideration, anadvanced law degree, that would have undoubtedly

improved his prospects for employment, reputation and

advancement in the legal profession.

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Alsabti

The license of a physician to practice medicine in

Massachusetts was revoked, because as a student in 1978,

two years prior to earning his M.D. degree he submitted fourplagiarized articles for publication. The Board of Registration

in Medicine found in 1988 that this plagiarism demonstrated a

"lack of good moral character which is required to practice

medicine." The Supreme Court of Massachusetts affirmed thisrevocation.

Alsabti v. Board of Registration in Medicine, 536 N.E.2d 357

(Mass. 1989).

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Hand

Michael Hand "earned" a Ph.D. in counseling psychology atNew Mexico State University in 1982.

In the Fall of 1987 an anonymous tipster sent to the University

a copy two scholarly sources that Hand had plagiarized in hisdissertation.

In April 1988, the University rescinded the Ph.D. it had

awarded to Hand. Handv. Matchett, 957 F.2d 791 (10thCir.1992).

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Summary

TO AVOID PLAGIARISM:

One should provide a citation for all substantial information

that is taken from another source:

to give credit to the person who supplied the informationor who first made the discovery,

to relieve the writer from the responsibility for the

accuracy or truth of the information,

to lead the reader to a source of more detailed or completeinformation, or

to give the reader a sense of the historical evolution of

ideas in the field.

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Closing Remarks The path of the research student is very challenging and

full of portholes, but this is what makes it exciting

A student intending to take this path will fare better if he iswell prepared

A large number of major contributions in the progress of

science were the results of the work of graduate students

The prospect of making meaningful contribution to human

knowledge is the greatest incentive

Have a nice trip!!