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TRANSCRIPT
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STPD6014 Kaedah Penyelidikan
(Research Methodology)
Tajuk: Peranan Penyelidik
Topic: (The Role of the Graduate Student)by
Prof. Dato Dr. Baharudin Bin Yatim
B. Sc.(Hons.), Ph. D. (Kent)DSNS, DNS, JSM, KMN, PPT, PMC
FIOP, FIFM, MInTeM, MISES
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The Graduate Program
The graduate program in the faculty of science andtechnology (FST) are:
Masters by Research
Masters by Coursework and Research Doctor of Philosophy by Research
All programs involve research
A student must be
Mindful of factors contributing to success inresearch
Aware of and practice the proper role of a graduateresearcher
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Factors Contributing to the
Success of ResearchAcademic ability*
Research competency
Managerial skill Interpersonal skill
Financial stability*
Emotional Stability*
Commitment to the program*
Hard work*
* Factors marked will not be discussed
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Research Competency
This include (among others):
Literature search and review
Writing the research proposal
Keeping of research records
Writing progress reports
Writing the thesis
Writing papers for journals/conferences
Theoretical competence
Experimental competenceThe student has to develop these competencies
mostly through own initiative
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Managerial Aspects of Graduate
Studentship Pertaining to the regulations
Registration, suspension and extension of study
Payment of fees
Minimum grade of B to proceed
Conversion from masters to Ph.D. program
Permission to write the thesis in English
Notice of submission of thesis
Defense of thesis
Submission of bound thesis
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Managerial Aspects of Graduate
StudentshipPertaining to procedures
Submission of research proposal
Presentation and defense of research proposal
Procedure for working in the laboratory outside
normal working hours
Monthly progress reports Progress report for the semester
Participation in Graduate Seminars
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Managerial Aspects of Graduate
StudentshipPertaining to the research
Planning the research
Acquiring theoretical & experimental skills
Executing the research plan
Monitoring the research progress
Keeping the research log book
Submission of Progress reports Preparation of the thesis
Care of the laboratory and equipment
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Interpersonal Aspects of
ResearchA graduate student in carrying out his research will
interact with:
The supervisor or supervisory committee Graduate students in his group
Graduate students in other groups in same program/school
Groups in other schools/institutions
Undergraduate students working under the same supervisor or group
Technical support personnel
Administrative support personnel
The graduate student adept at interpersonal skills willfind his path less bumpy
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The Student and the Supervisor Know who your supervisor or research committee members is/are
Familiarize yourself with the work of your supervisor
Ascertain with the supervisor how the routine meeting is to be carried
out. The student is to see to its implementation Make notes of all meetings with the supervisor and give him a copy
Keep your supervisor informed of progress and activities
Submit report/manuscript to your supervisor on which you have putyour best efforts not rough outlines
Allow your supervisor sufficient time to read your report or manuscript Ask your supervisor how he likes to see the manuscript for your thesis
See your supervisor if you face any problems, dont disappear and lethim summon you
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The Student and Technical
Personnel The technical personnel assigned to a research group either
on a full or part time basis is to assist the group, but not a
slave to the group Instructions or requests for his services are to be given in a
diplomatic manner
It is suggested that requests be put down in writing
Allow sufficient time for him to deliver any services
Any complaints against a personnel must be made in a
constructive way the success of your research depends
on his cooperation
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The Student and Administrative
Personnel Administrative personnel either in FST or Graduate School
administers Regulations and Procedures. To a limited
extent they can also give counsel The student has to deal with the administrative personnel
on matters of registration, semester report, notice of
submission of thesis, request to write the thesis in English,
notice ofviva voce, the viva voce, final submission of
thesis, notification of results, testimonials all for thebenefit of the student
It is normal practice to be diplomatic in all exchanges
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PLAGIARISM
TO PLAGIARIZE
TO STEAL AND PASS OFF (THE IDEAS OR WORDS
OF ANOTHER) AS ONES OWN. TO PRESENT AS NEW AND ORIGINAL AN IDEA OR
PRODUCT DERIVED FROM AN EXISTING SOURCE.
(WEBSTERS COLLEGEDICTIONARY)
PLAGIARISM IS ILLEGAL (HARAM).
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The following guidelines on plagiarism were taken fromRonald B. Standler, 200.
Plagiarism in Colleges in USA, http://www.rbs2.com/plag.htm
When using another person's words, to avoid
plagiarism one must always do both of the following:
1. Provide a citation in the text AND reference list or in a
footnote, and
2. Either enclose their words inside quotation marks or puttheir words in a block of indented, single-spaced text.
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Paraphrasing without a citation is plagiarism
Suppose one reads a book by Smith and encounters the short
sentence:
If the solution turns pink, it is worthless, and should be
discarded.
It is plagiarism to paraphrase this sentence as:
When the liquid becomes light red, it is spoiled, and shouldbe poured down the sink.
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The proper way to avoid such plagiarism is to cite the source
in the text, or in a footnote, as in:
Smith [citation/footnote number] has reported that when
the liquid becomes light red, it is spoiled, and should be
poured down the sink.
No quotation marks are needed, because these are not Smith's
exact words, but only a paraphrase.
But a citation to Smith is still required.
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SOURCES OF PLAGIARISM
A student
1. Copied paragraphs from various scholarly
journals or books in the library, or
2. Removed an old term paper from the files
in his fraternity and copied some, or all, of
it.
3. Downloaded whole or part of report fromthe internet.
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REPORTED
CASES OF PLAGIARISM IN USA
quoted by
Ronald. B. Standler
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Napolitano
In January 1982, Gabrielle Napolitano, then in her senior year
at Princeton University, plagiarized the majority of her 12-page term paper in a Spanish class from a book in the library.
While she did cite the book in five footnotes, she did not
include citations in the text for some paraphrased material and
she did not include the indicia of quotations for "numerous"verbatim quotations.
The professor was familiar with the book and immediately
recognized the plagiarism.
The Princeton University Committee on Discipline inFebruary 1982 unanimously found Napolitano had plagiarized
and recommended punishment of delaying her bachelor's
degree for one year.
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Lamberis
Anthony Lamberis, an attorney in Illinois, was enrolled in
classes in an LL.M. program in Law at NorthwesternUniversity during 1970-71.
In 1977, he submitted a thesis that was rejected as
unsatisfactory.
In 1978, he submitted a 93-page thesis, of which 47 pageswere "substantially verbatim" from two sources that Lamberis
did not cite.
His professors detected the plagiarism in June 1979.
Lamberis attempted to resign from the law school, but
Northwestern University expelled him, then reported him to
the Attorney Registration and Disciplinary Commission.
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The court held that Lamberis violated a provision in the Code
of Professional Responsibility for attorneys.
The court continued:The respondent violated this provision when he plagiarized
the two sources. The essence of plagiarism is deceit. In this
case, the deceit is aggravated by the level on which it
occurred. Academic forums have a long and well-knowntradition of evaluating each individual on his own
performance. The respondent attempted to exploit this
tradition to his own benefit; the purpose of his deceitful
conduct was to obtain a valuable consideration, anadvanced law degree, that would have undoubtedly
improved his prospects for employment, reputation and
advancement in the legal profession.
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Alsabti
The license of a physician to practice medicine in
Massachusetts was revoked, because as a student in 1978,
two years prior to earning his M.D. degree he submitted fourplagiarized articles for publication. The Board of Registration
in Medicine found in 1988 that this plagiarism demonstrated a
"lack of good moral character which is required to practice
medicine." The Supreme Court of Massachusetts affirmed thisrevocation.
Alsabti v. Board of Registration in Medicine, 536 N.E.2d 357
(Mass. 1989).
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Hand
Michael Hand "earned" a Ph.D. in counseling psychology atNew Mexico State University in 1982.
In the Fall of 1987 an anonymous tipster sent to the University
a copy two scholarly sources that Hand had plagiarized in hisdissertation.
In April 1988, the University rescinded the Ph.D. it had
awarded to Hand. Handv. Matchett, 957 F.2d 791 (10thCir.1992).
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Summary
TO AVOID PLAGIARISM:
One should provide a citation for all substantial information
that is taken from another source:
to give credit to the person who supplied the informationor who first made the discovery,
to relieve the writer from the responsibility for the
accuracy or truth of the information,
to lead the reader to a source of more detailed or completeinformation, or
to give the reader a sense of the historical evolution of
ideas in the field.
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Closing Remarks The path of the research student is very challenging and
full of portholes, but this is what makes it exciting
A student intending to take this path will fare better if he iswell prepared
A large number of major contributions in the progress of
science were the results of the work of graduate students
The prospect of making meaningful contribution to human
knowledge is the greatest incentive
Have a nice trip!!