kuliah 1 kpt6044
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
What is Educational Technology?
Educational technology is any technologyused by educators in support of the teaching
and learning process Educators study educational technology in
order to have a sound foundation in thetechnologies needed to teach
NETS-T standards articulate what teachersand students should know about technology
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology & Instruction
Educational technologies are the toolsteachers use to create an effectiveinstructional event
An instructional event includes all activitiesthat promote the transfer of knowledge and/orskills in the learning environment
The learning environment includes thephysical and non-physical aspects of the areain which the instructional event takes place
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
About Learning
A variety of theories explain how people learn
Each theory offers a different perspective onlearning
Some theories may be contradictory
Each teacher must personally decide which
theory he or she agrees with
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Learning as Communication
Knowledge is transferred by sending a
message from sender to receiver Receiver then returns feedback to sender
Sender receives feedback
All messages are impacted by variables thatmay alter the pure meaning of the intendedmessage
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Environmental
Factors
Psychological
Factors
Personal
Filters
Factors Affecting Learning
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Environmental Factors
Any factor in the environment that may cause
a learner to lose focus Environmental conditions can block
communications
Lighting, movement, temperature may allinterfere with communications
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Psychological Factors
Unique individual differences that define and
impact reception of communicatedinformation
Emotional state may interfere with messagereception
Learning styles (preferred sensory gateways)may interfere with transmission
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Personal Filters
Individuals values, heritage, and belief
system that may alter intended messages May include attitudes, cultural differences,
and opinions
Filters are present in both sender andreceiver
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Behaviorists
All behavior is a response to external stimuli
Students learn (acquire behaviors, skills andknowledge) in response to rewards andpunishments
Learning is a passive response to theenvironment
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theories
Cognitivists
Focus is on learning as a mental operation
Information enters through senses, ismentally manipulated, stored and used
Learning is explained in terms of how one
thinks Believe learning is more complex than simple
behavioristic responses
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Learning Theory
Constructivists
Knowledge is constructed as a result of the
learning process and is unique to the personwho constructs it
Learning happens when knowledge isassimilated or accommodated (Piaget)
Knowledge may be constructed best in asocial context
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
Cognitive Styles
The manner in which one thinks and
interprets the environment Myers-Briggs helps to determine cognitive
preferences
Understanding cognitive styles helpsteachers create a supportive instructionalenvironment
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
Learning Styles
Conditions under which one learns best
Relates to individual sensory dominance Auditory learners learn best by listening
Visual learners learn best by seeing
Kinesthetic/Tactile learners learn best bydoing and touching
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
Intelligence
Inherent capabilities to learn and understand
Standford-Binet IQ tests emphasize verbaland mathematical abilities
Howard Gardners Multiple Intelligence theory
suggests everyone has some degree of eachof nine types of intelligence
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
The Learner
Multiple Intelligences
Verbal-Linguistic
Mathematical-Logical
Musical
Visual-Spatial Bodily-Kinesthetic
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal Naturalistic
Existential
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Teaching and Learning
Teaching is a systematic planned sequenceof events
Teaching is a process that communication ofideas and skills
Teaching takes into account individual andenvironmental factors related to the learner
Skilled teachers are aware of learningtheories and learner characteristics thatimpact the process
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Teaching and Learning
Technology is a component of the teachingand learning process
Educational technology includes anyresource used to facilitate teaching andlearning
This view of technology has been an
evolution consistent with the evolution oflearning theories
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology
An Historical Overview
The audio-visual movement began in theearly 1900s with the advent of movies
Slides, radio, sound recordings were added inthe 1920s-1930s to support the wars
Television drove audio-visuals in the 1950s
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology
An Historical Overview
In the 1960s A-V was expanded to a broader
systems view By the 1970s educational technology wasredefined to include all types of learningresources and systems
With the advent of the computer in the 1980s,educational technology entered the DigitalAge
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Teaching and Learning with Technology
Educational Technology
Today
The systems view of educational technology
embraces all media and systems that supportthe teaching and learning process
Each teacher must decide how to best utilizetechnology in support of his or her students
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