2 konstruk item (b1)

8/6/2019 2 Konstruk Item (B1)

1/22

KOD ELEMEN :KOD ELEMEN :

ELEMEN :ELEMEN : PengetahuanPengetahuanPENERANGAN ELEMEN :PENERANGAN ELEMEN :

Pengetahuan tentang perkara khusus atau spesifikPengetahuan tentang perkara khusus atau spesifik(dengan mengingat semula) seperti(dengan mengingat semula) sepertipengpengeetahuantahuan

terminologiterminologi (pengetahuan tentang istilah),(pengetahuan tentang istilah),faktafaktakhusus, pengetahuan tentang cara mengendalikankhusus, pengetahuan tentang cara mengendalikanperkara khusus atau spesifikperkara khusus atau spesifikseperti pengetahuanseperti pengetahuantentang konvensyen, pengetahuan tentang pola,tentang konvensyen, pengetahuan tentang pola,susunan atau urutan,susunan atau urutan,pengetahuan tentang kelas danpengetahuan tentang kelas dan

kategori dan pengetahuan tentang metodologi sertakategori dan pengetahuan tentang metodologi sertapengetahuan tentang perkara universalpengetahuan tentang perkara universal dan abstrakdan abstrakseperti pengetahuan tentang konsep, prinsip, teoriseperti pengetahuan tentang konsep, prinsip, teoridan hukum .dan hukum .


2/22

KNOWLEDGEKNOWLEDGE

Defined as little more than the remembering ofDefined as little more than the remembering ofthe idea or phenomenon in a form very close tothe idea or phenomenon in a form very close tothat in which it was originally enconteredthat in which it was originally encontered

Remembering facts, terms and conceptsRemembering facts, terms and concepts

Information can be isolatedInformation can be isolated

Strong relationship between the form ofStrong relationship between the form ofasking and the form in which knowledgeasking and the form in which knowledgewas learnedwas learned


3/22

EXAMPLESOF TYPICALEXAMPLESOF TYPICAL

QUESTION PHRASESQUESTION PHRASES Who ( is / was ) ?Who ( is / was ) ?

How (long /did /much) ..?How (long /did /much) ..?

What ( is / does ) ..?What ( is / does ) ..? Which ( one / is ) .?Which ( one / is ) .?

( Suggest )Why ( did/ was / does )..?( Suggest )Why ( did/ was / does )..?

Where ( is ) .?Where ( is ) .?Example :Example : WhichWhich of the followingof the following isis a chemicala chemical

change ?change ?


4/22


ELEMEN :ELEMEN : PemahamanPemahamanPENERANGAN ELEMEN :PENERANGAN ELEMEN :

KebolehanKebolehan mendapatkan idea, makna danmendapatkan idea, makna dan

tanggapantanggapan atau pandangan yang jelasatau pandangan yang jelastentang komunikasi (sesuatu mata pelajaran )tentang komunikasi (sesuatu mata pelajaran )melaluimelaluipenterjemahan,penterjemahan, pentafsiran danpentafsiran danekstrapolasiekstrapolasi tanpa perlu menghubungkannyatanpa perlu menghubungkannya

dengan bahan lain atau melihat semula semuadengan bahan lain atau melihat semula semuaimplikasinya danimplikasinya dan kefahaman konsep, prinsip,kefahaman konsep, prinsip,teori dan hukum dan menghubungkaitkannya.teori dan hukum dan menghubungkaitkannya.


5/22

COMPREHENSIONCOMPREHENSION

~~the largest general class of intelectual abilitiesthe largest general class of intelectual abilitiesand skillsand skills

It is the abilityIt is the abilityto translateto translate ((put a communicationput a communicationinto anotherinto another languagelanguage),), to interpreteto interprete ((engage aengage acommunicationcommunication with existingwith existing knowledge, leadingknowledge, leadingto an understanding of the meaning of the mainto an understanding of the meaning of the mainideas in a messageideas in a message),), to extrapolateto extrapolate ((understanding theunderstanding the consequences of and/orconsequences of and/or

immediate conclusions of a communicationimmediate conclusions of a communication)) Students receive , make sense of and useStudents receive , make sense of and use

information giveninformation given


6/22

EXAMPLESOF COMPREHENSIONEXAMPLESOF COMPREHENSION

ITEM PHRASESITEM PHRASES

Using ( this knowledge / method )Using ( this knowledge / method )

Explain what happens when( immediateExplain what happens when( immediateconsequences )consequences )

Describe how.( main ideas )Describe how.( main ideas )

Write in your own words ..Write in your own words ..

Example : Based on the curve obtained, explainExample : Based on the curve obtained, explainwhat happen when the temperature exceedswhat happen when the temperature exceeds404000CC


7/22


ELEMEN :ELEMEN : Kemahiran MengaplikasiKemahiran Mengaplikasi

PENERANGAN ELEMEN :PENERANGAN ELEMEN :

KebolehanKebolehan menggunakan pengetahuanmenggunakan pengetahuan

(mata pelajaran) yang berkaitan dan(mata pelajaran) yang berkaitan dan

menggunakan kemahiran berfikir kritismenggunakan kemahiran berfikir kritis

dan kreatif untukdan kreatif untuk membuat keputusanmembuat keputusan

dalam situasi barudalam situasi baru dan menyelesaikandan menyelesaikan

masalahmasalahberkaitan isu (dalam kurikulumberkaitan isu (dalam kurikulum

mata pelajaran ).mata pelajaran ).


8/22

APLICATION VS.APLICATION VS.

COMPREHENSIONCOMPREHENSIONProblem Search for Recognise Select method Use method to SolutionProblem Search for Recognise Select method Use method to Solution presented meaning problem for action solve problem presented meaning problem for action solve problem

AplicationAplication

Comprehension skillsComprehension skills

Meaning~Meaning~being able to use the skills when the skills arebeing able to use the skills when the skills are

specified or without having to be promted.specified or without having to be promted.~ require students to apply knowledge in a new or novel~ require students to apply knowledge in a new or novel

situation.situation.


9/22

EXAMPLESOF TYPICALQUESTIONSEXAMPLESOF TYPICALQUESTIONS

PHRASESPHRASES

What would happen if.?What would happen if.?

If.what?If.what?

How would you ..?How would you ..? How is .an example of .?How is .an example of .?

Example :Example : The population of the world is approx.The population of the world is approx.

9200 million. It is increasing by approx. 93 million9200 million. It is increasing by approx. 93 millionpeople each year. Calculate the percentage increase inpeople each year. Calculate the percentage increase in

the population over a year.the population over a year.


10/22


ELEMEN :ELEMEN : Kemahiran MenganalisisKemahiran MenganalisisPENERANGAN ELEMEN :PENERANGAN ELEMEN :

Kebolehan untukKebolehan untukmencerakinkan suatu setmencerakinkan suatu set

komunikasi kepada unsurkomunikasi kepada unsur--unsurnyaunsurnya atauataubahagiannyabahagiannya supaya unsursupaya unsur--unsur atauunsur ataubahagian yang membentukkan komunikasibahagian yang membentukkan komunikasiitu dapat dilihat dengan jelas. Juga kebolehanitu dapat dilihat dengan jelas. Juga kebolehan

untukuntukmencari perhubungan atau perkaitanmencari perhubungan atau perkaitanantara unsurantara unsuryang membentukkanyang membentukkankomunikasi itu dapat dilihat dengan jelas dankomunikasi itu dapat dilihat dengan jelas daneksplisit.eksplisit.


11/22

ANALYSISANALYSIS

~ require students to~ require students to break knowledge into itsbreak knowledge into itsconstituent parts based on underlying themesconstituent parts based on underlying themes,,allowingallowinggeneralisationsgeneralisations to be made.to be made.

~ the emphasis is on~ the emphasis is on separating outseparating outandand breakingbreakingdown.down.

~ understanding the way that things work together~ understanding the way that things work togetherand have been organisedand have been organised

-- It is the ability to break down a communication intoIt is the ability to break down a communication into

its elements or components so that each of them orits elements or components so that each of them orthe relationships between each of them that form thethe relationships between each of them that form theintegral parts of the communication can be seenintegral parts of the communication can be seenclearly and explicitelyclearly and explicitely


12/22


QUESTION PHRASESQUESTION PHRASES

Why do you think..?Why do you think..?

Make a comparisonMake a comparison

How is . related to ?How is . related to ? Why did .. happen ?Why did .. happen ?

Desribe how.affectsDesribe how.affects

What are the features of .?What are the features of .?

Huraikan bagaimana tv mempengaruhiHuraikan bagaimana tv mempengaruhikeruntuhan akhlak remaja.keruntuhan akhlak remaja.


13/22

EXAMPLESOFANALYSISEXAMPLESOFANALYSIS

QUESTIONSQUESTIONS This table shows information for classes 10A and 10DThis table shows information for classes 10A and 10D

No. of times lateNo. of times late No. of studentsNo. of students

(10A)(10A)

No. of studentsNo. of students

(10D)(10D)11 44 99

22 33 55

33 44 44

Make two comparisons between the lateness of

the two classes


14/22


ELEMEN :ELEMEN : Kemahiran MensintesisKemahiran MensintesisPENERANGAN ELEMEN :PENERANGAN ELEMEN :

Kebolehan untukKebolehan untukmenghubungkaitkan,menghubungkaitkan,

mengabungkan atau mencantumkan komponenmengabungkan atau mencantumkan komponen--

komponen yang berasingan seperti unsurkomponen yang berasingan seperti unsur--unsur atauunsur atau

bahagian yang tidak wujud dengan jelas sebelumnyabahagian yang tidak wujud dengan jelas sebelumnya

supaya membentuk satu gambaran yang menyeluruhsupaya membentuk satu gambaran yang menyeluruh

tentang set komunikasi itu. Kemahiran mensintesistentang set komunikasi itu. Kemahiran mensintesisdibezakan berdasarkan bentuk produk komunikasidibezakan berdasarkan bentuk produk komunikasi

iaitu penghasilan set komunikasi yang unik daniaitu penghasilan set komunikasi yang unik dan

penghasilan set perkaitan.penghasilan set perkaitan.


15/22

Synthesis skillsSynthesis skills

The ability to integrate , combine or bringThe ability to integrate , combine or bringtogether separate components of a piece oftogether separate components of a piece ofcommunication , either a separate elements orcommunication , either a separate elements or

communication parts that their interrelationshipscommunication parts that their interrelationshipsare previously unseen to form an overall picture ofare previously unseen to form an overall picture ofthe communication.the communication.

The different forms of synthesis skill is based onThe different forms of synthesis skill is based onthe form of the communication products obtained,the form of the communication products obtained,that is either a unique set of communication or athat is either a unique set of communication or acommunication that shows the interrelationshipscommunication that shows the interrelationshipsamong the various elements of the communication.among the various elements of the communication.


16/22

SYNTHESISSYNTHESIS

~ Require students to~ Require students tobring togetherbring togetherinformationinformation in a new or novel way. Thein a new or novel way. Theemphasis is onemphasis is on bringing togetherbringing togetherparts toparts to

form a whole.form a whole. ~ provides more room for~ provides more room forcreative expressioncreative expression

eg.eg.Proposing a plan/ explaining how to testProposing a plan/ explaining how to testhypothesis/ relating a number of ideas tohypothesis/ relating a number of ideas to

explain a phenomenon.explain a phenomenon. erangkan mengapa keruntuhan akhlakTerangkan mengapa keruntuhan akhlak

remaja sukar dibendung pada masa ini.remaja sukar dibendung pada masa ini.


17/22


QUESTIONS PHRASESQUESTIONS PHRASES How would you create?How would you create?

What would you predict from ?What would you predict from ?

What might happen if you combined ..?

What might happen if you combined ..?

What solutions would you suggest for.?What solutions would you suggest for.?

How many ways can you.?How many ways can you.?

ExampleExample : Rearrange the formula: Rearrange the formulap=3t+5p=3t+5 to findto finda formula fora formula forttin terms ofin terms ofpp


18/22


ELEMENT :ELEMENT : KemahiranMenilaiKemahiranMenilaiPENERANGAN ELEMENT:PENERANGAN ELEMENT:

Kebolehan untukKebolehan untukmembuat pertimbangan terhadapmembuat pertimbangan terhadap

sesuatu perkara berdasarkan kriteria atau evidenssesuatu perkara berdasarkan kriteria atau evidens

dalaman dengan menggunakan kaedah dan/ataudalaman dengan menggunakan kaedah dan/atau

piawaipiawai untuk menentukan kebaikan sepertiuntuk menentukan kebaikan seperti

kesesuaian, ketepatan, kecekapan, keberkesanankesesuaian, ketepatan, kecekapan, keberkesanan

dan/ataudan/atau keburukankeburukan tentang sesuatu dari segi nilai,tentang sesuatu dari segi nilai,

makna, pendapat, penyelesaian, prosedur danmakna, pendapat, penyelesaian, prosedur dan

produk berkaitan ( sesuatu isu / perkara dalamproduk berkaitan ( sesuatu isu / perkara dalam

m/pelajaran )m/pelajaran )


19/22

EVALUATIONEVALUATION ~ require students to express informed or supported~ require students to express informed or supported

judgements, lifting theirjudgements, lifting theirevaluations above opinionsevaluations above opinionslevellevel, which are often less than fully conscious, which are often less than fully consciousactions.actions.

~ a combination of all the preceding skills + values~ a combination of all the preceding skills + valueseg.eg. recognise appropriateness of a choice.recognise appropriateness of a choice.

Typical questions phrasesTypical questions phrases :: --

Why was better than ?Why was better than ?

Put in order of priorityPut in order of priority

What do you think about ..?What do you think about ..?

Do you think ..is a good or a bad thing ?Do you think ..is a good or a bad thing ?


20/22

EXAMPLEOFANEXAMPLEOFAN

EVALUATION QUESTIONSEVALUATION QUESTIONS There are advantages and disadvantages ofThere are advantages and disadvantages of

burning different fuels.burning different fuels. DiscussDiscuss twotwo

advantages and two disadvantages of usingadvantages and two disadvantages of using

biomass rather than fossil fuel as an energybiomass rather than fossil fuel as an energy

source.source.

Look at Marias mistakes ( in a drawing )Look at Marias mistakes ( in a drawing )

Describe what she should have drawn (Describe what she should have drawn (

criticisecriticise).).


21/22

KOD ELEMEN :KOD ELEMEN : KB06KB06

ELEMEN :ELEMEN : Kemahiran SaintifikKemahiran Saintifik PENERANGAN ELEMENPENERANGAN ELEMEN ::

Kebolehan menggunakanKebolehan menggunakan kemahirankemahiran

proses sainsproses sains dan kebolehan dalamdan kebolehan dalamkemahiran manipulatifkemahiran manipulatifsemasasemasa

menjalankan eksperimen ataumenjalankan eksperimen atau

penyiasatan sains.penyiasatan sains.


22/22

KOD ELEMEN :KOD ELEMEN : NB01NB01

ELEMENT :ELEMENT : Sikap Saintifik dan Nilai MurniSikap Saintifik dan Nilai Murni

PENERANGAN ELEMENT :PENERANGAN ELEMENT :

Menunjukkan sifat dalam yangMenunjukkan sifat dalam yang dihayati dan dipamerkandihayati dan dipamerkanmelalui tingkah laku, penulisan, pandangan iaitu sikapmelalui tingkah laku, penulisan, pandangan iaitu sikapintrinsikintrinsikseperti minat dan ingin tahu, rajin dan tabah,seperti minat dan ingin tahu, rajin dan tabah,

bertangguang jawab, berhemah tinggi, bekerjasama, beranibertangguang jawab, berhemah tinggi, bekerjasama, beranimencuba, yakin dan berdikari, serta menunjukkan sikapmencuba, yakin dan berdikari, serta menunjukkan sikapextrinsik seperti jujur dan tepat, bersifat objektif, sistematik,extrinsik seperti jujur dan tepat, bersifat objektif, sistematik,adil dan saksama serta baik hati , kasih sayang dan ikramadil dan saksama serta baik hati , kasih sayang dan ikramjuga menunjukkan pemikiran kritikal dan analitikan, luwesjuga menunjukkan pemikiran kritikal dan analitikan, luwes

dan berfikiran terbuka dan rasional , nilai murnidan berfikiran terbuka dan rasional , nilai murni menyedarimenyedaribahawa sains adalah satu cara memahami alam, menghargaibahawa sains adalah satu cara memahami alam, menghargaidan mengamalkan kehidupan yang bersih dan sihat,dan mengamalkan kehidupan yang bersih dan sihat,menghargai semangat alam, sumbangan sains dan teknologimenghargai semangat alam, sumbangan sains dan teknologidan mensyukuri nikmat tuhan.dan mensyukuri nikmat tuhan.

2 konstruk item (b1)

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