1.panduan menjawab biologyspm, 2009

7/29/2019 1.Panduan Menjawab BiologySPM, 2009

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PERKONGSIAN ILMU

(Latihan dalam perkhidmatan) 2009

RADZIAH BINTI MOHD YAMIN

GURU CEMERLANG SAINS

SMK BUKIT SAUJANA PORT DICKSON


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Program Kecemerlangan

BIOLOGY SPM 2009

BIOLOGY WORKSHOP

Paper 2 (4551/2)


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EXAM FORMAT FOR SPM BIOLOGYDURATION

OF TIME

FORMAT OF PAPER TOTALITEM

MARKs %

1 Section A : Simple Multiple Choice Qn 25(1 h) Section B : Moderately difficult MCQ 15 50 25

Section C : Difficult MCQ 10

2 Sec. A : Compulsory structured item 5 60

(21/2h) Sec. B : Limited response item [Essay] 1/2 20 50: Open-response item [Essay] 1/2 20

3 Structured Item 1 33

(11/2h) Open-response item 1 17 25

4 PEKA & Persijilan - - -

100


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Paper 2 (4551/2)

Section A ( 5 structure questions )

*answer all

*score : 60Section B

(4 essay questions)

*answer any two*score : 40


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Biology ..

Understanding not memorising

Biological concepts are related , not

stand aloneMore exercise to get use the different

type of questions


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Test your understanding

Detect your weakness

Get use the exam format

Acquire answering skill

Practice makes perfect


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Use mind mapping / concept mapping to:

Prepare short notes

Recall back

To fast revision

Link up concept

See whole concepts


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1) Stimuli (S) :

Diagrams, Tables, Graphs, Statements

2) Command words (C):

Draw.., Describe.., Explain, Justify why, Differentiate,

Complete., What conclusion, Compare, Define,Statethe meaning.., Discuss , Suggest.., Estimate

3) Task (T) :

Statements to be written as responses to the items// Concept

4) Marks (M) :

Shows how many points must be written.


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Sample Question to identify . S-C-T-M

Example 2 (SPM 2004 / Paper 2 / Section A / No 3d) :

Blood Vessel Volume / cm3 Pressure /kPa

X 100 13.3

Y 300 0.3

d (i) Based on the table 3.2, What conclusion can you make about

the rate of blood flow in the blood vessels X and Y?

Explain your answer. [2 marks]

S : C : . T : . M : ..

Table 3.2

F : The rate of blood flow in the blood vessels X / aorta is higher than

blood vessels Y / vena cava.E 1 : X/ aorta carried blood with high pressure from heart whereas Y /

vena cava carried blood with low pressure from body cell / tissue

E 2 : Lumen size of X / aorta is smaller than lumen size of vena cava/Y


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Name..

Require thespecific

answer.Example:

Nameone

organ wherecell Q is found Cell Q


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The answer is ..

Gonad

Reproductive organ Testes

ovary


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Diagram 3.1 shows three stages of mitosis, P, Q and R, in an animalcell.

Name the stages P, Q and R in the spaces provided in Diagram 3.1.


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Diagram 3.1 shows three stages of mitosis, P, Q and R, in an animalcell.

Name the stages P, Q and R in the spaces provided in Diagram 3.1.


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State.

More general..

Example :

State thefunction of

organelle S S


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The answer

To generate energy

To generate cellularrespiration


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State the chromosome behavior at the following stages.Stage PStage R


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DRAW..

Constructa pyramid of.

Sketch a diagram..

Draw a cross section of

Illustrate the above

statements .


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Using the information in figure 6,

construct a pyramid of energy for

that ecosystem.

FIGURE 6


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The answermust start withProducer

carnivore

herbivore

ProducerProducer 6 x104 kJ

Herbivore

5x103kJ

Carnivore30 kJ


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Grasshopper, Paddy plant, Caterpillar ,Frog , Owl , Snake , Rat

Based on the above organisms ,construct :

A food web showing theinteraction of all organisms

A pyramid of numbers consisting

of four trophic levels


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Sketchadiagram to show the movement ofthe substance across plasma membrane byosmosis

Things to be considered :

Plasma membrane, water, sucrose

An arrow to show direction ofmovement

Size of water and sucrose molecules

Number of water and sucrosemolecules


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Suggested diagram

Early situation

Final situation

Plasmamembrane

Watermolecule

Sucrose molecule

19 8

15 15


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In the space below, draw a sectionthrough the ovule, showing all cells inS. label the cells involved infertilization.

S : embryo sac

Able to draw the cellsand show thepositions of 8 nucleus

Label polar cells and

egg cells

S


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Diagram

Polar cellsEgg cell

*Labelling for diagrammust have connectinglines

Di 5 h h l i f ifi


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Diagram 5 shows the regulation of specifichormones towards the development in theovary

Indiagram5, draw

thechangethatoccurs tostructureT on 26thday.


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Q

R

S

T

U


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Diagram shows the human blood circulatory system

Mark the following

flow of blood toillustrate thecirculations R and S:

Oxygenated bloodwith arrow

Deoxygenated

blood with thearrow


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Complete Diagram 4.2 to show a DNA molecule.

Part of one of the nucleotide chains has beendrawn.


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P Q


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Cross diagram..

Parental phenotype Parental genotype

Key

Gamete formation Meiosis

Fertilization

Offspring genotype

Offspring phenotype

Phenotype ratio


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Mendel`s First Law : A characteristicof an organism is determined by a pair

of genes located at the same locus of apair of homologous chromosomes.Only one of the pair of genes can be

present in a gamete

Illustrate the above statements usingthe following cross :

female x male

Parent black mouse black mouse


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Cross DiagramKey :

B : black mouse , dominant alleleb : white, recessive allele

parental phenotype : black x black

parental genotype : Bb

Bb

gamete : B b B b

Fertilization :

meiosis


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Offspring genotype BB Bb Bb bb

Offspring phenotype black, black, black, white

Phenotype ratio 3 black : 1 white

Phenotype ratio 3 : 1


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Correct and Complete the Cross Diagram


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Difference

State aspects for bothsubject

Use or relate the twosubject with the sameaspect with but /

meanwhile / where as


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State one difference between lymphand the blood

Subject : LYMPH vs BLOOD

Aspect : COMPONENT in both fluids

Suggested Answer :

Lymph has no red blood cells but blood hasred blood cells

//

Lymph has no plasma protein meanwhileblood has plasma protein.


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Comparetwo structures

Similarity and differences Examples :

Compare two structuresof a afferent neurone anda efferent neurone .

1. .2.


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afferent

efferent


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Location of cell body = aspectafferent n efferent = subject

1. Similarity :

Both neurones have myelin

sheath, cell body, and dendrite

2. Difference :

Location of Cell body of Afferent

neurone is at the side of the cell

but cell body of efferent neurone is

at the end of the cell.


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Explain ..

Facts (F) = the mainpoint from the question

Explanation (E) = why /reason based on the ourbiology knowledge

. Relate F and E byusing because / for / that

is / to.. Explain how leaves are adapted to be


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Explain how leaves are adapted to beefficient at absorbing carbon dioxide from theatmosphere.

Adaptation

Structure /feature

function

they have(structure).

To (function).

at absorbingcarbon dioxide


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answer

(F)Has many

stomata

(P) Allowing theexchange of

gases betweenthe internalpart of leaf

and theenvironment.

(F) Spongy

mesophyll arelooselyarranged

betweeneach cell are air

space

(P) Allow easydiffusion ofcarbon dioxide

through leaf

Figure 10 shows a plant cell immersed in


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Figure 10 shows a plant cell immersed indifferent concentrations of sucrosesolution

Explainwhat

happen tothe cell in

situation 2

21

3


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F = what happen to the cell inthe diagram

E1 : state the different

osmotic concentrationsbetween internal and external ofthe cell

E2 : state the correct directionof water movement byosmosis.


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The answers

Cell becomes flaccid

The sucrose solution ishypertonic to sap cell

Water molecules diffuse

out from the cell byosmosis

Explainthe similarities and


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p a t e s a t es a ddifferences in the formation of twopairs of twins


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SIMILARITY

Both

explanation

DIFFERENCE

but

explanation


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Similarities..

(F) BOTH involve Onesperm fuses with oneovum/secondaryoocyte to form a zygote

(P) Zygote undergoes

mitosis to form ablastocyst


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Differences

F = One blastocyst divides into twobut incomplete division in twins Pand complete division in twins Q

P = causing the formation of aSiamese twin sharing an organ in

any part of body in P and a pair ofidentical twins in Q.


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Explain base on the situation


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Pieces

Unripe papaya

40oC

enzyme


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Explain WHYthe housewife carriesout step 1 and step 2

Step 1

(unripe papaya): contains

papain enzymes / protease(pieces ofmeat & strips of

papaya ) : increases TSA

To tender / soften the meat


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Step 2(Temperature 40C)

To increase rate ofenzyme reaction

Because 40C is optimumtemperature for enzymeaction


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Explain why all of the offsprings haveblack fur .


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Parent

Homozygous black

Homozygous white


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1. allele for black fur is dominant

2. each gametes carries one allele for

the fur color from parents // each

offspring receives one allele from

each parent.

3. each offspring produced is

heterozygous // carries one dominantallele and one recessive allele.


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Based on diagram.

Explain the changes that occurred in the


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double helix of the DNA strand during stage

I.

1. Fact :

double helix of DNAopen

2. Explanation :RNA strand isproduced

State two differences between the structure


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of the protein polypeptide molecule and the

DNA molecule.

1. The polypeptideconsists of amino acidwhile DNA consists ofnucleotide units/ nitrogenous bases

2. the polypeptideis in the form of asingle chain but DNAis a double strand

3. polypeptideconsists linear chainbut DNA consists ofhelix chain

Diff i b h f


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Differentiate between the structures ofDNA and RNA

1. DNA consists oftwo nucleotidechains while RNAconsists of a single

nucleotide chain 2. DNA is longer

than RNA

3. DNA consists of

helix chain butRNA consistslinear chain


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Explain how mutation affect.

1. glutamic acid is replaced by

valine in the polypeptide

2. the properties of the polypeptide/ protein changes

3. different enzyme / protein // protein

changes is produced // the trait shows adefect


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( c ) Explain one feature of thoracic

vertebra which is related to themechanism of respiration.


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Describe

Do not require anysupportive statement

Involved mechanism orsteps in particular process

D ib th h i


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Describe the process shown infigure


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Tell the story.

D1: name of the process :Spermatogenesis

D2: spermatogonium cell

undergoes mitosis to form twoprimary spermatocyte.

D3: one primary spermatocyteundergoes meiosis 1 to form twosecondary spermatocytes


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Continue your story

D4 : secondary spermatocytesundergoes meiosis 11 to formspermatids

D5 : spermatids undergoesdifferentiation to form sperms

D6 : the number of chromosomesdecrease by half the original

number // the diploid chromosomesbecome haploid

D ib th t f t iti i P


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Describe the type of nutrition in Pand Q

PQ
http://www.kids-coloring-pages.net/Rabbit-picture.jpghttp://www.kids-coloring-pages.net/Rabbit-picture.jpg


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Organism P ( papaya tree)

1. Autotroph nutrition //photosynthesis

Synthesize / produce its own food /glucose / starch

From carbon dioxide, water and light


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Organism Q (Rabbit)

Heterotroph nutrition

Obtain its food source /organic substancesfrom the surroundings

GRAPH based on the graph explain


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GRAPH..based on the graph, explain

the differences.


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Divide graph into small parts

At (time , X-axis.) ,

(y-axis), % of dissolved oxygen.. And % of dissolved carbondioxide is

Because .. (biology knowledge

about respiration andphotosynthesis )


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Inaccurate answer


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Evaluation

State / explainadvantages and

disadvantages

Give the reasons oropinion


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Task Words .

Give an evaluation

Explain the above

statement to justifyDiscuss the good and badeffect

State your opinion andexplain both statement

Multicellular organisms like humans,


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gneed specific transport system ascompared to unicellular organisms like

Amoebasp., which do not need atransport system.

Give an evaluation of the above

statement based on the physicalfeatures of the organisms with thefollowing physiological process :

Respiration

Nutrition

excretion


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Respiration (Amoeba vs Human)

Multicellular organisms :Needs specific gas exchange

surface / organ / lungs toexchange oxygen for carbondioxide

Needs transport system toget gasses in and out oftissues


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Answers

Unicellular organisms :No specific organ /

surface for gas exchangeAs the gases exchangecan takes place by simple

diffusion through theplasma membrane

Balanced diet :


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Balanced diet :

Meat-base fast food

Excess of mineralsalt

Excess fat

Excess protein Insufficient fibre

Presence of foodpreservatives,

flavouring andfood colouring.

Discuss the effectsof consumingmeat-base fast

food for long time.

Figure shows an activity carried out near a


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Figure shows an activity carried out near aresidential area with the intention to develop thearea. However, the residents are worried about

the bad effects of the activity.If you were

a resident of

the area,discuss thegood and

bad effectsof theactivity.


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State the activitycarried out

Effects of deforestation

Consequences of theeffects

The good purpose ofland development


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Samples answer :

1. causes land to be exposed toagents of erosion

Flash flood / landslides / shallowingof rivers / infertile soil / loosen soilstructure

2. Causes increase in carbon

dioxide contentGreen house effect


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3. destroy natural habitats oforganisms.

No natural habitat /extinction of organisms /migration


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The good purpose

1. Develop residence / industry toaccommodate the increase inpopulation

2. Increase the job opportunities

3. Develop road system to shortentravelling time

4. Restructuring of infrastructurefacilities.

Diagram 9.2 shows an ecosystem in


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Malaysia

Based onthediagram9.2, discusswhy theecosystemhas to bemaintained.


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Question 1


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1(a)(i)P:Pulmonary vein

S:Septum

(ii) Diagram

(iii) Oxygenated blood is blood which containoxygen that is picked up by the capillaries

(b) Explain

F: Facts: Q pump blood out from heart to all parts ofthe body(1 mark)

P: To withstand the high pressure of blood flowingthrough them. Function (1 mark)

(c) (i) Diagram

(ii) ExplainF: Facts: (1 mark)

P: Function (1 mark)


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1.panduan menjawab biologyspm, 2009

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