1definisi logistik & scm
TRANSCRIPT
SistemRantaiPasokAnalisis&Perancangan
TI-6134 Supply Chain System
andi cakravastia ● dept. ti itb ● [email protected]
Tujuan Instruktusional Umum“ Memahami konsep dan framework sistem rantai
pasokan sebagai suatu sistem integral ”
“ Memahami dan mampu merancang, mengoperasikandan mengendalikan sistem rantai pasokan ”
“ Mampu memformulasikan permasalahan yang ada padasistem rantai pasokan dan mencari jawabnya ”
Silabus
• Konsep, framework, dan struktur rantaipasok
• Sistem perencanaandan pengendalianproduksi
• Sistem persediaan
• Sistem pembelian• Sistem pergudangan• Sistem distribusi• Sistem transportasi• Perancangan sistem
rantai pasok• Pengukuran
performansi danevaluasi
Main References1. Bowersox, Closs & Cooper:”Supply Chain Logistics
Management”, Mc. Graw Hill, New York, 20022. Stock & Lambert:”Strategic Logistics Management”,
Mc. Graw Hill, New York, 20013. Chopra & Meindl:”Supply Chain Management:
Strategy, Planning and Operation” Prentice Hall, New Yersery, 2001
4. Fogarty, D.W., Blackstone, J.H., Hoffman, T.R.:”Production and Inventory Management, 2nd edition”, South-Western Publishing Co, 1991
5. Selected books chapter and papers.
Penilaian
• Syarat Kelulusan– Absensi 80%– Berperilaku baik– Mengikuti UTS dan
UAS– Mengumpulkan semua
tugas
• Penilaian– UTS (30%)– UAS (30%)– Tugas (40%)
Logistics&SupplyChainManagementDefinitionCompetitiveEnvironmentStagingCriticalFactor
i n t r o d u c t i o n
LogisticMoller (1994): Usaha untuk memastikan ketersediaan suatu produk dalamkuantitas, kondisi dan waktu yang tepat
Logistics Council Management (1991):Proces, perencanaan, implementasi, dan pengendalianaliran serta penyimpanan produk untuk memenuhikebutuhan konsumen
Ballou (1999):Kumpulan aktivitas yang berulang pada suatu jalur tempatterjadinya perubahan bahan mentah menjadi produk sertapenambahan nilai produk dipandang dari sisi konsumen
Council of Logistic Management (1998):
Logistic management is the part of the supply chain process that plans, implement, and controls the efficient, effective flow and storage of goods, service, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption in order to meet customer requirement
Pergeseran Fokus Logistik
Pembelian –Produksi –Penjualan
KualitasKompetisi1980
Proses BisnisWaktuGlobalisasi,
Kerjasama danTeknologi
1990
ProduksiProfitabilitasPengembanganKapital1970
DistribusiPelayananPenjualan/Pemasaran
1960
InventoriBiayaVolume Produksi1950
Fokus LogistikFokus IndustriLingkunganPeriode
Integrated Logistic
Logistics Flow
SupplierSupplier
SupplierSupplier
SupplierSupplier
DistributorDistributor
DistributorDistributor
ManufactureManufacture
CustomerCustomer
CustomerCustomer
CustomerCustomer
CustomerCustomer
CustomerCustomer
: Carrier
Logistic missions: Five Rights
• Right product• Right place• Right time• Right condition• Right cost
Production Planning Sytem
Material Requirement Planning
A technique used to determine the quantity and timing requirement of “dependent demand” materials used in the manufacturing operation
Purchased Externally
Produced in House
Sourcing ?Supplier ?Payment ?
Example of MRP System
Impact on Purchasing and Supply
• Buyer-Planner, and supplier concepts• Contract buying• Supplier flexibility and reliability• Closer relationship with supplier
Just in Time
“….. inventory is an evil !”
To minimize production and WIP inventories by providing each work center with just the quantity of materials and components needed to do a given job at the exact time they needed.
Impact on Purchasing and Supply
Whether a JIT production system works or not depends on how well purchasing does its job in selecting and managing suppliers.
Strategies:• A specific plan to reduce the number of supplier
utilized, using single and dual sources in many cases.
• Extensive use of long term contracting.
Logistic Activities• Customer service• Demand forecasting• Inventory
management• Logistic
communication• Material handling• Order processing• Packaging
• Part and service support
• Plant and warehouse site selection
• Procurement• Reverse logistic• Traffic and
transportation• Warehousing &
storage
Logistic Activities & Logistic Cost
• Place/customer service level• Inventory carrying cost• Lot quantity cost• Transportation cost• Warehousing cost• Order processing and information cost
Marketing/Logistics Management Concept
Customer Satisfaction•Suppliers
•Intermediate Customer•Final Customer
Customer Satisfaction•Suppliers
•Intermediate Customer•Final Customer
Company Profit•Max long term profitability
•Lowest cost given an acceptablelevel of customer service
Company Profit•Max long term profitability
•Lowest cost given an acceptablelevel of customer service
Integrated Effort•Product
•Price•Promotion
•Place
Integrated Effort•Product
•Price•Promotion
•Place
Interface Marketing & LogisticsProductProduct
Order Processing Information
Order Processing Information
PlacePlace
PricePrice PromotionPromotion
WarehousingWarehousing
TransportationTransportation
LotLot
InventoryInventory
Shift in rule of competitionCustomer Needs:Range of quantities increasesLead time decreasesVariety increasesNumber of required channels increasesRate of innovation increasesRequired service level increases
Uncertainties
Focus on core competence business processes
Shift fromcompany- to-company to network-to-network competition
Supply Chain ManagementTan et al (1998): Meliputi manajemen material/suplai dimulai dari bahan mentah sampaiperoduk jadi. SCM merupakan suatu filosofi manajemen yang menekankan padaperluasan aktivitas intra perusahaan dengan melibatkan partner dengan tujuan optimasidan efisiensi.Barry et al (1994): SCM bertujuan membangun kepercayaan, saling tukar menukarinformasi kebutuhan pasar, mengembangkan produk baru, dan mereduksi basis pemasok menjadi OEM dalam suatu hubungan jangka panjang.Ellram (1991): Jaringan perusahaan yang saling berinteraksi untuk mengirimkanproduk/jasa pada konsumen akhir dan menghubungkan aliran dari bahan mentah sampaipengiriman akhir.Christopher (1992): Jaringan organisasi yang saling berhubungan dan membentukaliran dari hulu sampai hilir, memiliki proses dan aktivitas yang berbeda satu sama lain dalam menghasilkan nilai produk/jasa untuk disampaikan pada konsumen akhir.Lee dan Billington (1992): Jaringan perusajaan manufaktur dan distribusi yang melakukan pengadaan bahan mentah, kemudian mengolahnya menjadi produk setengahjadi serta produk jadi dan akhirnya mendistribusikan produk tersebut kepada konsumen.Kopezak (1997): Sekelompok entitas yang didalamnya terdapat pemasok, penyedia jasalogistik, perusahaan manufaktur, distributor, dan penjual yang digunakan untukmengalirkan material, produk, dan informasi.Lee dan Ng (1997): Jaringan entitas dimulai dari pemasok dan berakhir konsumen akhiryang digunakan untuk memproduksi dan mengirimkan produk/jasa.
“……memfokuskan pada lingkunganeksternal suatu perusahaan yang dibatasisecara konvensional dalam suatu entitaslegal dan diidentifikasikan dalam bentukunit bisnis ……”
Saunders (1995)
Supply Chain Integration
Tahap Pengembangan SC
Stevens 1989
SCM Framework
Supply Chain Business Process
SCMComponents
SC Network Structure
2. What processes should be linked with each of these key
SC members
1. Who are the key supply chain members with whom to
link the processes
3. What level of integration and management should be applied for each process link