02-zemjotres, hazard i rizik.pdf

7/26/2019 02-Zemjotres, hazard i rizik.pdf

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2.

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2.4

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(strike)

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-

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slip) ,

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2.2.2.

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-.

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2.3.

2.3.1.

LM ,

. ,

, Wood-Anderson-.

6.3110 5.1 = ,

1000103 = .

1935 Charles Richter Beno Gutenberg,

California Institut of Technology.

Wood-

Anderson- .

. 0

Wood-Anderson-

100 .

8.6ML = ,

.

.

,

; Sm bm .

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< 2.0 , .8,000


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120

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.18

8.0-8.9

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9.0-9.9

.1 20

10.0+ ;

()

2.3.2.

1979 Thomas C. Hanks

Hiroo Kanamori

. WM

:

=

= 1.16

cmdyn

Mlog

3

21.9

mN

Mlog

3

2M 010

010W

M0 (- ).

6.31105.1 = ,

100010 3 = .

,

ML, .

.


10/16

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.

W (work accomplished) .

.

SE

M0

. M0

SE ,

:

5

0

8.4

0S 106.1M10ME ==

Chou i Boatwright 1995

9.2mN

Elog3

2M S10e

=

2.3.3.

.

, ,

1 12, 1

12 .

Rossi-Forel, Giuseppe Mercalli 1883 1902.

10 1902 .

1902

Adolfo Cancani.

August Heinrich Sieberg Mercalli-

Cancani-Sieberg (MCS) . Harry O.

Wood Frank Neumann Charles Richter.

MMI.

, .

.

I. .

II.

.

.

III. .


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2.3.4.

(EMS)

. 1998 ,

1992, EMS-98.

EMS 1988

(ESC), Medvedev-Sponheuer-Karnik (-

64), .

,

. 1996 XXV ESC

.

, , EMS-98.

. 12

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1. .

2.

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3.

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4.

. ().


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11.

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2.4.1.

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San Andreas Fault .

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2.2-

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02-zemjotres, hazard i rizik.pdf

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