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9/88


10/88

\p\ 2 0 0 3 ? a c wf a y: u Asm

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11/88

\p\

ukdatmifaiGodrf;

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12/88

mvmi f:i f:m6

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taeaumif;&if kyf&Sif qufkdufjzpfr,f?tcspfa&;wkdY? bmbm nmnmawGu tar; rsm;awmh ajz&wmtyfaMumif ; xyfaeyg



13/88

\p\

w,f?*sme,ftawmf rsm;rsm;rSmvnf; ajz

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rsKd; xGufvmjyefa&m?Zmwfum;awG ta&mif;oGufawmh vl&Tifawmf awGu okyfaqmifaMu;ykd,lw,f?awmif;



14/88

mvmi f:i f:m8

w,fqkdawmh [mooHo&mBuD; vnfaejyefNyDaygh}

wpfa,muf wpf cGef; ajymaeMuwJhpum; wcsKdUukd pma&;ol rSwfrdorQ xyfqifhwifjyay;vkdufygw,f?vGwfvGwfvyfvyfajymwJh pum;awGrkdY wcsKdU ukd wifjy&if odyfrvG,fvSbl;? olwkdY ol

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ukdatmifaiGodrf;ukdatmifaiGodrf;ukdatmifaiGodrf;ukdatmifaiGodrf;ukdatmifaiGodrf;


15/88

\p\

aomif;ajymif;axGvm pmtkyfpifeef;ajumhoQifrrSm;wJhzdwfpmMuyfuav;yefatmifpmayZlvkdif?2003('k-Budrf)rsufESmzkH;'DZkdif;armifarmifaZmf(jynf)

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16/88

mvmi f:i f:m0

254 rsufESm4.6_7

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302 rsufESm4_6.8

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17/88

\p\

251^2003(3)185 rsufESm4.1_7

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18/88

mvmi f:i f:m2

pdefatmif

&,fp&mumwGef;20032003


19/88

\p\

uHxl;armif



20/88

mvmi f:i f:m4


ausmfol&def


21/88

\p\

azmif;azmif;(ausmufqnf)



22/88

mvmi f:i f:m6


xifatmif


23/88

\p\

atmfwDaemif(ausmufqnf)



24/88

mvmi f:i f:m8

bk&m;&wem? w&m;&wem? oHCm&wem &wem oHk;yg; OD;xdyfxm;ygvsuf? Mopdo arwm&nf qknDapHpyf? raem"mwf jywfom; Munfvif? usef;rm&Tifvef;? &ifeef;aAGaysmf? armfygapaMumif;? qkrGefaumif;awmif;vdkufygayonfwlri,f/

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udkatmifaEGOD;


25/88

\p\

onfhtcg BuHoumcJESih fausmufcJ rSm;a&G;rd aMumif;? tm;&yg;& 'l;axmufzrf;umrS avQmxGufNyD; zifMum;xJrS *dk;0ifoGm;zl;aMumif;? cvkwfwdkufNyD;? a&xrf;vmcdkuf? vrf;wGif vdyfpmpHkprf;olESifhawGU&wwfonf[k wpfaMumif;? vufESD;

pkwfxifNyD; a>rudk y,fy,fe,fe,f udkifrdwwfaMumif; wlrawmf qifjcifEdkifap&efrSm jyefomjyef vm? tojymrygvQifvnf;? r,fawmfu dkufrnf r[kwfyg/

aemifvnf; &efukefNrdKUqdkonfuvnf; tifrwef IyfayGvSayonf/ vlrsdK;pHk? pdkufrsdK;pkH rdkY? udk,fu e*dkawmolrdkY oabmjzLjyayvQif armifrif;BuD;om;rsm;u &omvQif bezl;odkuf

wl;? acG;av;ta&m0if yg;vsufem;;vsuf? rsufESmomay; a&Ta&;yef;uefwuf tvdkvdkuf trdkufapmfum;? BuHomvQif yife,fwDyif awmif;ygvdrfhrnf/

qefukefoGm;vnf; tukefr0,fygESifh/ &efukefom;rdkYvnf; t,HkrvG,fygESihf/

qefukefoGm;yg tukef0,fvQif [if; auR;[if;&H cufvdrfhrnf/ &efukefom;rdkY t,HkvG,fygvQif owif;ar;? owif;rSeffqufvdrfhrnf/pm;aumif;onf[lvnf; xrif;Murf;udk wtm; rpm;ESihf/ Mum;aumif;onf[lvnf; vif;uGif;

jcrf;udk t&rf;rwD;ESifh/ pm;aumif;onf[l xrif;Murf;wtm;

pm;vQif rwfwwfu vufydkufxdkifr& xr&jzpfwwfonf/

Mum;aumif;onf[l vif;uGif;jcrf;udk t&rf;wD;vQif &yfuGufu xGufdkuf wdkifr& jyr& jzpfwwfygonf/ csmvnfonfu aMu; pnf? &Gmvnfonfu yJjyKwfonf[k rSef&acs

rnf/ &efukefom;rsm; BudKufonfu pnfbD,m? &efukefolrsm; BudKufonfu aEG&moD/ aoygNyD [k cvkyfwdkufrSatmf? aocsmNyD[k tEIwfvdkufrS ac:? 0ufxJ a&&SdrSwefonf? vufxJ aiG&S drSjyefrnf[k tHcJ&Sd? rmefZGJum? rmefrvTJygESihf/


26/88

mvmi f:i f:m0

onf[k Mum;zl;onfr[kwfygvm; wlri,f/uHtcsufydkufvQif . . .a&onfuyif a&TvG,f& tdrfa&SUrif; jzpf cJh

onfu wpfcsuf? avSxdk;om; paviacG;yif?rif;jzpfum pdkufaumf csHKay: yufvufwifcJhonfu wpfaMumif;/

ajrawmifydkYay: aiGpwif r*'l;onf vnf; [if;Eke,fukefonf [kwfaygif rif;jzpfcJh vnfwpfaMumif;/ pmwdk idkyif zdk;&mZm[l&mZmae0if;tzdk; tJav . . . ynm&SdBuD; jzpfcJh&onf[k wpfzHk &SdcJhayonfrSm txift&Sm;/

od k Yaomf uHramif;jyefygaomfvnf;bk&m;avmif; ra[mfo"myif tdk;zkwform;jzpf&?ukorif;onfvnf; *spfypdqefqefae&? tdrfomwufNyD;rS a&r&SdrSef; od&wwfygonf/

taMumif;nDGwfu abmif;bD0wfvsuf? 0gr0ifcif jyefvmapcsifygonf/ oifr& vnf; BudwfrqlygESifh/ vifr&vnf; pdwfr ylygESihf/ oifr& Budwfqlaevnf; tBudrfrSef vQif omygvdrfhrnf/ vifr& pdwfylaevnf; tcsdefwefvQif vmygvdrfhrnf/ wpfa,mufawmh jzifh &ygvdrfhrnf/ tajcmufawmhjzifh r ygvdrfh rnf/ uHaumif;onfhtcdkuf *Pef;wlaomfvnf; ae&mvGJwwfygonf/ terf;ulaomfvnf; a& &SmcJwwfygonf/ tqef;rlaomfvf; azG&SmvGJwwfygonf/

a>rrSefwdkif;vnf; udkufrnfrxifygESihf?aiG&Hwdkif;vnf; rdkufNyDrxifygESihf? avqefwdkif;

vnf; wdkufonfrxifygESihf/ a>rrSefwdkif; vdkuf rnfxifu aomuBuD;&onf/ aiG&Hwdkif; rdkufNyD xifu a'goBuD;&onf/ avqefwdkif; wdkuf onfxifu arm[BuD;&wwfygonf/ wHcg;em;vnf;r&dESihf? ukvm;um;vnf; rMunfhESihf/ wHcg;em; oGm;&dawmh rif;vkyfESihf qGJdkufcH&wwfonf/

ukvm;um;oGm;Munfhawmh ysif;ukyfojzifh cJrdkufjyef&wwfonf/

[dk; . . rda0;? za0; wvkyfwaus;? aiGaMu;&SmazG? b0tajcjrifhzdkY &ifha&mfcufxef? pdwf rmefESih fZG J? wuwnf; xGufoGm;vdkufonfrSmMumyJMumvS? aEGrSrdk;wdkuf? rdk;,dkifaqmif;ul;? wefcl;aEGa&muf? tarQmfawGyif ajcmufvSygNyD wlri,f/

rvdrm wpfcgrdkufpNrJrdkU? vkduffqGJvQifvnf; cH&ygayrnf/

reufudkvf; aps;yGJrS roGm;ESihf? puwfudkvnf; ab;cGJrSrMum;ESifh/ reufudk aps;yGJrSoGm;u vnfcsnf;Avmjyef&wwfonf/ puwfudkab;cGJrS


27/88

\p\

2003? rwfv

xkwf &,farmp&mxJrSm

a'guf wmcifarmifdk

&JU bmomjyef [mo

wpfcktay: uRefawmftjrif wifjywJh aqmif;

yg;wpfyk'f a&;cJhygw,f/

]&,f&wdkif;[mor[kwf

yg} qdkwJh cRif;csuftae

eJY wifjy xm;wJhaqmif;

yg;wpfyk'fyg? trSeft

wdkif;0efcH&&if uRefawmf

armifopfv+dif; (ausmufqnf)armifopfv+dif; (ausmufqnf)armifopfv+dif; (ausmufqnf)armifopfv+dif; (ausmufqnf)armifopfv+dif; (ausmufqnf)

aqmif;yg;a&;cJhygw,f?

tifrwef a&;csifwhJ

tmoDo jzp fvmrSm

om a&;jzpfygw,f/

tckvnf; 2003? Zlvdkif

v &,fp&mxJrsm udk

at;(rEav;)qdkolu

uRefawmfaqmif;yg;udk

(REFER )vkyfNyD; wkefY

jyefa&;om;xm;wJh ]r

&,f&ayr,f h [mojzpfw,f} qdkwJhacgif;pOf

eJY wkefYjyefa0zefxm;

wm zwfvdkuf&ygw,f?

udkat;(rEav;)&JUaqmif;

yg;acgifpOfjzpfwJh ]r

&,f&ayr,fh [mojzpf

w,f} qdkwm BuD;udka&;

csif;pdwf Edk;xvmvdkY

a&;vdkuf&ygw,f/

yxrqHk; [moqdk

wm bmvJqdkwmu p

&ygr,f/ [mo&JU

teuft"dym,fzGif hqdk

csuf (DEFINITION)u

b,fvdk zGifhqdkxm;o

vJ? [mouRrf;usifol

rsm;? ynm&Sifrsm; zGifh

qdkxm;wJh (DEFINIT-

ION )u [moynm

qdkwm vlwpfa,muf

udkjzpfap? vltrsm;udk

jzpfap? [m',ESvHk;

&TifNyHK;apatmif? aysmf

& Ti f&,farmapatmif

zefwD;aom twwf

ynmvdkY wnDwGwf

wnf;vufcHzGifhqdkxm; wJh tcsufudkawmh udk

at;(rEav;) taeeJY

jiif;r,f rxifygbl;?

&o (9) yg;xJrSm t

cuftcJqHk; ynm[m

[moynmvdkY trsm;pk

oabmwlvufcHxm;

Muw,fqdkwJY tcsuf

udka&m udkat; (rEav;)

jiif;rSm r[kwfygbl;?

'gqdk&if [mo&ojzpf

zdkY bmhaMumifh cufovJ

qdkwmudk taMumif;w

&m;&SmMunf&if vlwpf

a,mufudkjzpfap? vl

trsm;pkudkjzpfap &,f

armaysmf&Tif vmatmif

tjy (SHOW) eJYjzpfap?

tajym (DIALAUGE)eJY

jzpfap? pdwf cHpm;rI(FEEL )eJY jzpfap qGJ

aqmifEdkifrSom cdkifvHk

wJh [mo jzpfrSmyg?

[mo&JUzGifhqdkcsuf(DEFI

NITINO)udku &,farm

&r,f? NyHK;&r,f? pdwf

ESvHk;csrf;ajrU&r,fqdkygrS udkat; (rEav;) &JU

]r&,f&ayr,fh [mo

jzpfw,f} qdkwJY tcsuf

[m ud k,f h[mud k,f

owfrSwfxm;w,fqdk

&if [mo&JU zGifhqdkcsuf

[mo\wefjyefoufa&mufrI

t"dym,feJY vm;vm;

BuD;qefYusifaeNyDr[kwf

vm;? [moudk zefwD;

aeMuwJh [mopma&;

q&mawG? [mokyf&Sif

awG ZmwftNidrfhobif

ay:u [mojyufvHk;

awGom cHpm;oltzdkU

&,fzdkYaeaeomom NyHK;

awmifrNyHK;&bl;qdk&if

zefwD;olawGrSm tawmf ae& txdkif& cufMu

w,f? ajymajym? jyjy?

a&;a&;? cHpm;rIzufu

wefjyefoufa&mufrI

[m tenf;qHk;NyHK;r,f?

aemuf &,farmr,f qdk

&if [mozefwD;olut

aeeJY auseyfyDwdjzpfMupNrJyg/

csmvDcsufyvif&JU

toHwdwf[mojyuGuf

awGudk vlwdkif;bmvdkY

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udk vlawG bmvdkY &,fovJ? *sif(r)uma&;&JU

[moawGud k vlawG

bmvdkY&,fovJ? [mo

ajrmufvdkY? &oajrmuf

vdkYqdkwm &Sif;&Sif;av;

yg/ [motrsdK;tpm;


28/88

mvmi f:i f:m2

(4)rsdK;udkawmh uRefawmf

pmrsufESmiJhNyD; cGJjyrae

awmygbl;? aemufwpf

cku a'gufwmcifarmif

dk&JU acgif;uywfwD;ajcaxmufavsmuswJh

bmomjyef [mo[m

jrermvdk jrefrmbmom

pum;eJY wifjyxm;wm

yg/ tJ'D jrefrmvdk bm

omjyefxm;wJh [moudk

udkat;(rEav;)u olY

aqmif;yg;xJrSmbmomxyfjyefxm;wm&Sdao;

w,f? tcsuf (4)csuf?

eJ Y &Sif;jyxm;wmyg?

a'gufwmcifarmifdk&JU

bmomjyef[moudkzwf

vdkufuwnf;u ajym

csifwJh twGif;om;udk

uRefawmf zrf;qkyfrdNyD;

om;yg? odrIacgif;yg;

ol&JU rqDavsmfwJh ar;

cGef;eJY tGJUwdkuf? qif

acstaMumif;jyajzxm;

wmudk zwfuwnf;u

uRefawmf tygt0if

pmzwfoltm;vHk;vnf; odMurSmyg/ 'gudk udk

at;(rEav;)u pm

zwfolbufudk avsmh

wGufNyD; pdk;&drfwBuD;

bmomjyefvdkufawmh

jrefrmvdk a&;xm;wJh

acwfay:uAsmudk jrefrm

vdk bmomxyfjyefae

ovdk jzpfaejyefygw,f?

vlawGxJrSm [moawG

&Sdygw,f? uRefawmfwdkY &yfuGufxJu vlawG

xJrSmudk tJovdk odrI

acgif;yg;ol&JU rqDavsmf

wJh ar;cGef;awGudk tGJU

wdkuf ajzqdk wwfwJh

udprsdK;awG jrifaeMum;

ae&wm edp"l0qdkovdk

ygyJ? 'gayr,fh &,fp&m vnf; raumif;ovdk

[movnf; rjzpfygbl;

cifAsm/

udkat;(rEav;)cif

A sm; uRe fawm f[m

a'gufwmcifarmifdk

vdk yk* dKvfrsdK;udk tjypf

wif(BLAME)&avmuf

atmifMoZmr&SdaMumif;

ygcifAsm;? taMumif;

t&mqdkwmBuD;udkom

OD;wnfa0zefjcif;om

jzpfygw,f? (DIFFER)

jzpfcGifh&SdMuw,fr[kwf

vm;Asm? aemufxyfajym csifwmu uaeYpmay

a[majymyGJawGrSm awGU

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owfpdwf0ifwpm; olU

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w,f? y&dowf&JU &,foH

awGxGufvmw,f? 'gyJ

ol arQmfvifhwJh wHkYjyef

rIu tJ'D&,foHyJ? wef

jyefoufa&mufrIyJ? pm

a&;q&majymvdkufwJh

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&,foH[m [moudk

axmufcHvdkufwJh t

aMumif;w&m;ygyJ/[mo

trsdK;rsdK; ae&mtrsdK;rsdK;

rSm yHko@meftrsdK;rsdK;

&Sdaeovdk tJ'D[mo

awG&JU tqifhtwef;

(RANR)vnf;trsdK;rsdK;

&S dygw,f/ uvdxd k;

[moawGudk uRefawmf

r&,fwwfyg? atmuf

ydkif; npfnrf;jyufvHk;

[moawGudk uRefawmf

r&,fwwfyg? ]tJ . .[kwfaygif - a,mifvdkY}

qdkwJh ZGwf[moudk r

&,fwwfyg/ [mowpf

cktay:rSm &,fjcif; r

&,fjcif;udp[mvnf;

cHpm;ol&JU [mo"mwf

udkat;(rEav;)a&

[moqdkwm

pmeJYyJ a&;jyNyD;

tuf&SifeJYyJ

okyfaqmifjyNyD;

jyufvHk;eJYyJ

cGifqifNyD;

jyufjyuf

(TWIN#)av;eJY

xGufayguf&Sd&mudk

ac:oGm;NyD;]zsufceJ}

vif;vuf

jyvdkufvdkY

&,farm

aysmf&TifoGm;w,f

qdk&if

uRefawmfu

[mojzpfw,fvdkY

ajymcsifw,f/


29/88

\p\

cHtxltyg; uGmygvdrfh

e,f? zefwD;ol&JU t&nf

taoG;txlltyg;vnf;

uGmygvdrfhr,f? 'gaMumifh

a'gufwmcifarmifdk&JU]acgif;ywfwD;}[moudk

uRefawmfr&,f? rNyHK;

wmudk wHkYjyefa&;om;

wJh udkat;(rEav;)eJY

uRefawmf&JU [mo"mwf

cHtxltyg; uGmygvdrfh

e,fvdkY ajymyg&ap? u

aeY[mo0wKawG a&;om;aewJh [mopma&;

q&mawG? [mookyf

aqmifawG? tNidrfhpif?

Zmwfpifay:u [mo

vl&TifawmfawG[m ol

wdkYa&;wJh [mo? olwdkY

okyfaqmifwJh [mo?

olwdkYjyufvdkufwJh jyuf

vHk; ([mo)udk [mo

rjzpfrSmudk pdk;&drfMuwm

yJ/ y&dwfowfawGqDu

&,f&w,f? NyHK;&w,f?

[m',ESvHk; csrf;ajrh

Muw,fqdkwJh a&mifjyef

[yfrI wpfenf;ajym& &if [moudk [mo

jzpfaMumif; axmufcHwJh

wefjyef oufa&mufrI

awGudk vdkcsifMuw,f?

'grSmvnf; [mo&JU

(DEFINITION)eJY vdkuf

avsmnDaxG jzpfEd ki f e,fqdkwmudk ajymcsif

ygw,f/ rEav; qdk

wm tEkynm toD;

tyGifhawG oD;yGifhcJh? oD;

yGifhqJ? oD;yGifhOD;r,f NrdKU

awmfyg? rEav;rSm

uRefawmf av;pm;cspf

cif&wJh [moynm&Sif

awG trsm;BuD;yg? pm

a&;q&mvnf;jzpf? vl

&Tifawmfvnf;jzpfwJ h

q&mcspfp&mwd k Y ? ud k

xifay:? udkrdwfquf?

ud k' Dygwd k Yvd k [mo

zefwD;olawG &Sdaeygw,f/ pifay:uae vl

awG &,farm&atmif

[moawGudk zefwD;ae

MuolawG csnf;yg/

q&muHcRefvnf; ouf

&Sdxif&Sm;&Sdaew,f r

[kwfvm;/ ud kat;

(rEav;)a&? [moqdk

wm pmeJYyJ a&;jyjy?

tuf&SifeJYyJokyfaqmif

jyjy? jyufvHk;eJYyJ cGifqifNyD; NyufNyuf? (TW-

IS#)av;eJY xGufayguf

&S d&mud k ac:oGm;Ny D;

]zswfceJ} vif;vufjy

vdkufvdkY &,farmaysmf

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awmfu[mojzpfw,f

vdkYajymcsifw,f/ aemuf wpfck pifay:u[mo

(jyufvHk;) awGrSm z

aemifheif;NyD;wrifxGuf

ayguf BudKydwfxm;wJh

[morsdK;vnf;&Sdw,f

qdkwmudkat; (rEav;)

odrvm;awmh rajym

wwfbl;? uJAsm-&,f

p&m prsufESmay:rSm

[motaMumi f ;u d k

]oDaygrif;vufxuf}

b,folqGJovJqdkwm

rsdK; tjyeftvSef rsufpd

pyg;arT;pl;MurSmvnf;

pdk;&ao;w,fAs? [moeJY ywfoufvdkY'Daqmif;

yg;[m uRefawmf h& J Y

aemufxyfwHkYjyefrIr&Sd

awm hwJ h aemufqH k ;

aqmif;yg;vdkYvnf;aMumf

jim0ifvdkufygw,f/

udkat;(rEav;)udk

aemufqHk;ajymcsifwmu

awmh OD;ay:OD;avsmuf

xHk;awG[m uRefawmf

ausmif;om; b0uwnf;u taqGcifyGef;

awGyg? uRefawmf hud k

zwfzdk Y wdkufwGef;wm

vnf; tHMordygw,f?

O D ;ay:O D;[m [mo

"mwfc H& S do l [mo

taiGYtoufawG udef;

atmif;aewJh yk*dKvfyg?olYavQmufxHk;wdkif;rSm

bk&ifudk,fwdkif rjyHK;bJ

taeEdkifwmcsnf;ygyJ/

olvnf; bk&ifjzpfae

vdkY&mtdajEqnfae&vdkY

jyHK;HkjyHK;wmaemf? tjcm;

rif;rIxrf;awGvdk ol

vnf; &,fcsifrSmtrSef

yJ? tJovdk OD;ay:OD;&JY

&oajrmufwJ h avQmuf

xHk;awG[m [mojzpf

aevdkY bk&ifudk,fawmf

wdkif jyHK;w,fqdkawmh

OD;ay:OD;[m [mo&JY

(DEFINITION)udk aoG azG qefYusifoGm;wJ h

avQmufxHk;awG r[kwf

bl; qd kwm ud kat;

(rEav;) odygavp/

armifopfvdIif;armifopfvdIif;armifopfvdIif;armifopfvdIif;armifopfvdIif;

(ausmufqn(ausmufqn(ausmufqn(ausmufqn(ausmufqnfffff)))))


30/88

mvmi f:i f:m4

o]ym

ax Gva mi f:a i f:m

34


31/88

\p\

tdrfBuD;wpfvHk;/ wpfcsdef

wkef;uawmh tr &S dc J honf/

taz &SdcJhonf/ rDScdktm;xm;&m

tjynfhtpHk/ tckawmh olwpf

a,mufwnf;? txD;xD;/ tcGH

om usefawmhonfhckqefuRwf

yrm/

tcsdefu naecsrf;/ olu

tdrfa&SUuGufvyfodkY xGufvmcJh

onf/ aemufrSD Budrfukvm;xdkif

tydkif;udkyg ,lvmonf/ nae

ig;em&D &SdayNyD/ opf&Gufrsm;?

yef;yGifhrsm;/ vrf;ab;rD;wdkiftm;

vHk;rSm rvIyfr,Suf Nidrfoufvsuf/

olu xdkt&mtm;vHk;udk

rsufpdwpfcsufoma0hvdkufonf/

jrifuGif;wpfckvHk;rSm rIef&DrdIif;

onfh [if;vif;jyifBuD; wpfck

yrm/ iSufrsm;u rdk;,HxJwGif

wNidrfhNidrfh ysHaeMuonf/ t0g

ESifh tjzLMum;aMumifwpfaumif

onf tdrftwGif;rS xGufvmum

olYa&SU aqmifhaMumifhvmxdkif

onf/ olYudk tpmauR;ygawmh

[k awmif;qdkaom oauFw

yif/ olu rodovdk aevdkuf

onf/ aMumifu a&SUvufESpf

zufay: ar;wifum olYtm;

rsufawmifrcwfapmifhMunfhae

onf/ tvGef cspfp&m oem;p

&maumif;onfh yHkpHuav;yif/

olYacgif;xJ tawG;rsm;u 0if

csnfxGufcsnf &ufuef;&S,fae

Muonf/ vluawmh enf;enf; uav;rQ rvIyf/ taraooGm;

NyDvm;/ tazaum (tjrJwnf&Sd

aeonfh aojcif;w&m;/ xd k

t&mu zefwD;ay;onfh qif;&J

'kursm;/) aumif;csD;r*Fvmay;

onfh ewfoli,fuav;rsm;u

b0c&D;vrf;ay:wGif ysH0JaeMu

onf/ uAsmrsm;/ 0wKrsm;/ &Iwf

cscH&jcif;/ csD;usL;cH&jcif;/ yHkESdyf

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aMomf.. cspf&if..cspf&if..cspf&if..whJ/ausmfnKdvGif(ausmufqnf)ausmfnKdvGif(ausmufqnf)ausmfnKdvGif(ausmufqnf)ausmfnKdvGif(ausmufqnf)ausmfnKdvGif(ausmufqnf)


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umwGef;tawG;(88) trSwf(98)? atmufwkdbm 2003? aomif;ajymif;axGvm&,fp&mr*Zif; trSwf(98)? atmufwkdbm 2003? aomif;ajymif;axGvm&,fp&mr*Zif; trSwf(98)? atmufwkdbm 2003? aomif;ajymif;axGvm&,fp&mr*Zif; trSwf(98)? atmufwkdbm 2003? aomif;ajymif;axGvm&,fp&mr*Zif; trSwf(98)? atmufwkdbm 2003? aomif;ajymif;axGvm&,fp&mr*Zif;

yxrqkqkaiG - 1000d^-

at;av.. rif;u vufwnfhrSmaygh?]pGrf;aqmif&Sif}at;av.. rif;u vufwnfhrSmaygh?]pGrf;aqmif&Sif}at;av.. rif;u vufwnfhrSmaygh?]pGrf;aqmif&Sif}at;av.. rif;u vufwnfhrSmaygh?]pGrf;aqmif&Sif}at;av.. rif;u vufwnfhrSmaygh?]pGrf;aqmif&Sif}tzGJUu avhusifhay;xm;wJh olyJ[m/tzGJUu avhusifhay;xm;wJh olyJ[m/tzGJUu avhusifhay;xm;wJh olyJ[m/tzGJUu avhusifhay;xm;wJh olyJ[m/tzGJUu avhusifhay;xm;wJh olyJ[m/

roef;oef;pkd;2^ &Srf;pkvrf;? 'kdif;0efuGif;&yf?armfvNrKdifNrKdU/

ESpfodrhfqkESpfodrhfqkESpfodrhfqkESpfodrhfqkESpfodrhfqk

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CMM(armfvNrKdif)wpfqifh-ukdav;jrifh8-bD? atmufusif;&yf? 'kdif;0ef;uGif;?

armfvNrKdifNrKdU/

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r*sL;*sL;pHpkBuD;&yf? pufkHvrf;? ausmufqnfNrKdU?rEav;wkdif;/

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armifxdefvif;wpfqifh-OD;nDrIefY?

wrHvrf;? NrKdUr&yfuGuf?*GNrKdU? &ckdifjynfe,f/

]vkyfNyD/ vlowfr,fh vufBuD;eJU}]vkyfNyD/ vlowfr,fh vufBuD;eJU}]vkyfNyD/ vlowfr,fh vufBuD;eJU}]vkyfNyD/ vlowfr,fh vufBuD;eJU}]vkyfNyD/ vlowfr,fh vufBuD;eJU}armifnD0if;xGef;trSwf(45)? 64 vrf;? 32_33 Mum;?pdwokcvrf;oG,f? tuGuf(414)?e,l;pDADGvkdif;? csrf;at;omZHNrKdUe,f?rEav;/

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ZmrPD&,f^pmcspfol-4861?14^5&yfuGuf? a&YTaygufuHNrKdUopf?&efukefNrKdU/


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mvmi f:i f:m8

]rif; 'Davmuf "m;aygufuRrf;usifNyDqkdawmh?]rif; 'Davmuf "m;aygufuRrf;usifNyDqkdawmh?]rif; 'Davmuf "m;aygufuRrf;usifNyDqkdawmh?]rif; 'Davmuf "m;aygufuRrf;usifNyDqkdawmh?]rif; 'Davmuf "m;aygufuRrf;usifNyDqkdawmh?igh*sme,frSm a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;awG a&;vkd Yigh*sme,frSm a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;awG a&;vkd Yigh*sme,frSm a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;awG a&;vkd Yigh*sme,frSm a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;awG a&;vkd Yigh*sme,frSm a0zefa&;aqmif;yg;awG a&;vkd Y&NyDuG}&NyDuG}&NyDuG}&NyDuG}&NyDuG}

OD;cifOD;rS^wqifh

OD;BuD;a&Twmvrf;BuD;(&efukefjynfvrf;)?MumeDuef&yfuGuf?a&TawmifNrKdU/

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pm;wmvm;/pm;wmvm;/pm;wmvm;/pm;wmvm;/pm;wmvm;/rat;&wemOD;uoJwef;vrf;?MumeDuef&yfuGuf?a&TawmifNrKdU/

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armifrif;oD[oef;wpfqifh-OD;oef;vGif+a':jrifhjrifhoef;r-19? Akdvfva&mifvrf;? NrKdUr&yfuGuf?izJNrKdU? rauG;wkdif;/


e,frS qk&olrsm;ukd pmwdkufrS ay;yk d YoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; &efukefvdyfpmESif h qk&&Sdolrsm;e,frS qk&olrsm;ukd pmwdkufrS ay;yk d YoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; &efukefvdyfpmESif h qk&&Sdolrsm;e,frS qk&olrsm;ukd pmwdkufrS ay;yk d YoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; &efukefvdyfpmESif h qk&&Sdolrsm;e,frS qk&olrsm;ukd pmwdkufrS ay;yk d YoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; &efukefvdyfpmESif h qk&&Sdolrsm;e,frS qk&olrsm;ukd pmwdkufrS ay;yk d YoGm;rnfjzpfNyD; &efukefvdyfpmESif h qk&&Sdolrsm;r*Zif;wk dufwGif vma&mufxkwf,lEk di fygonf/r*Zif;wk dufwGif vma&mufxkwf,lEk di fygonf/r*Zif;wk dufwGif vma&mufxkwf,lEk di fygonf/r*Zif;wk dufwGif vma&mufxkwf,lEk di fygonf/r*Zif;wk dufwGif vma&mufxkwf,lEk di fygonf/


umwGef;tawG;(87) trSwf(98)? atmufwkdbm 2003? trSwf(98)? atmufwkdbm 2003? trSwf(98)? atmufwkdbm 2003? trSwf(98)? atmufwkdbm 2003? trSwf(98)? atmufwkdbm 2003?

aomif;ajymif;axGvm&,fp&mr*Zif;aomif;ajymif;axGvm&,fp&mr*Zif;aomif;ajymif;axGvm&,fp&mr*Zif;aomif;ajymif;axGvm&,fp&mr*Zif;aomif;ajymif;axGvm&,fp&mr*Zif;


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\p\

ESpfodrf hqk&&SdMuolrsm;ESpfodrf hqk&&SdMuolrsm;ESpfodrf hqk&&SdMuolrsm;ESpfodrf hqk&&SdMuolrsm;ESpfodrf hqk&&SdMuolrsm;

ukdppfxm0&(awmifnKd)? &,f^pmcspfol-2677trSwf 68? awmifnKd? ysOf;rem;NrKdU/

aZ,spEm? &,f^pmcspfol- 3990

IEC-14 (2nd Semester), G.T.C MYITKYINAR, KACHIN STATE.

armifaZmfvif;- jrefrmhpD;yGm;a&;bPf?o&ufNrKdU/


46/88

mvmi f:i f:m0

ausmffoefYZifwpfqifh- OD;pkd;odef;jrifh+a':cifpdefEkdif?&efrsKd;atmifvrf;? jrifxif&yf? pvif;NrKdU? rauG;wkdif;/

armifaevIdifxGef; 'orwef;(A)? t.x.uacsmif;om? ykodrfNrKdUe,f? {&m0wDwkdif;/


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48/88

mvmi f:i f:m2

Akdvfavmif;pkd;ouf[def;? &,f^pmcspfol-1556Akdvfavmif;trSwf-941? trSwf(9)wyfcJG?wyfrawmfaq;wuokdvf? r*Fvm'kH/

&,f^^^^^pmcspfoltzGJU0ifrsm;okdY

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armifukdukd0if;?zl*sDtvlrDeD,H? 32 vrf;? 32_33 Mum;?

rEav;NrKdU/


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\p\

NrKdUe,fukd,fpm;vS,frsm;pm&if;NrKdUe,fukd,fpm;vS,frsm;pm&if;NrKdUe,fukd,fpm;vS,frsm;pm&if;NrKdUe,fukd,fpm;vS,frsm;pm&if;NrKdUe,fukd,fpm;vS,frsm;pm&if;

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yJcl;wkdif;/

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&,f^pmcspfol-2257

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50/88

mvmi f:i f:m4

rDwdvmNrKdUrDwdvmNrKdUrDwdvmNrKdUrDwdvmNrKdUrDwdvmNrKdU11/ reDvmtkef;

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rEav;NrKdUrEav;NrKdUrEav;NrKdUrEav;NrKdUrEav;NrKdU

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b,fol&,faeovJqkdwJhrpwmbD;(ef)nDnD(pD;yGm;a7;)

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