tubuh jalan ka

7/30/2019 Tubuh Jalan Ka

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TUBUH JALAN KA

(ROAD BED)

29 APRIL 2005



KOMPONEN JALAN KA • TUBUH JALAN KA (ROAD BED)

– PADA LOKASI TIMBUNAN:

TANAH ASLI (BASE SOIL) TANAH TIMBUNAN (EMBANKMENT)

TANAH DASAR (SUBGRADE)

– PADA LOKASI GALIAN

TANAH ASLI (BASE SOIL)

TANAH DASAR (SUBGRADE)

• LAPISAN BALAS (BALLAST BED)

– LAPISAN PASIR (SUB BALLAST)

– LAPISAN BATUAN (BALLAST)

• JALAN KA (TRACK STRUCTURE)– BANTALAN (SLEEPER)

– REL (RAIL)

– PENAMBAT (FASTENING)

– SAMBUNGAN (CONNECTOR)

• DRAINASE



SKEMA TUBUH JALAN KA PADA GALIAN DAN TIMBUNAN

§

Tanah Asli

Subgrade

Berm

Subballast

Ballast

TUBUH JALAN PADA GALIAN

§

Timbunan

Subgrade

Tanah Asli

TUBUH JALAN KA PADA TIMBUNAN



TUBUH JALAN KA TANAH ASLI (BASE SOIL)

SPESIFIKASI TANAH ASLI (BASE SOIL):Tanah asli harus memiliki daya dukung yang cukup

untuk beban konstruksi jalan KA (>70 MN/m3) yang

direncanakan dan bebas dari permasalahan penurunan

(free from settlement)

Termasuk klasifikasi tanah stabil (jika tidak maka harus

dilakukan perbaikan tanah)

Kemiringan tanah asli harus miring ke arah luar sebesar 5%

Bila kedalaman galian > 10 m, maka setiap kedalaman 7

m harus dibuat “BERM” selebar 1,5 m.



TANAH TIMBUNAN(EMBANKMENT)

SPESIFIKASI TANAH TIMBUNAN:

Mudah dipadatkan, stabil terhadap beban kereta api, air, gempa dan bebas dari penurunan tanah.

Memiliki nilai CBR > 8% dari contoh tanah yang telah direndam air selama 24 jam dengan kondisi 95% d maks. Lapisan teratas setebal

30 cm harus memiliki kepadatan sebesar 100% d maks. Kemiringan tanah asli ke arah luar sebesar 5%

Material bagian atas tanah timbunan setebal 1 m harus lebih baik dari bagian bawah.

Faktor keamanan lereng terhadap bahaya longsor min 1,5. Permukaan atas tanah timbunan min 0,75 m diatas muka air

tertinggi.

Jika ketinggian tanah timbunan > 6 m maka setiap ketinggian 6 m

harus dibuat “BERM” selebar 1,5 m.



LAPISAN DASAR (SUBGRADE)

FUNGSI LAPISAN TANAH DASAR:

Mencegah naiknya lumpur ke lapisan balas akibat adanya pori-

pori pada tanah timbunan dan tanah asli

SPESIFIKASI LAPISAN TANAH DASAR:

Mudah dipadatkan, stabil terhadap beban kereta api, air, gempa dan bebas dari penurunan tanah.

Memiliki nilai CBR > 8 % dari contoh tanah yang telah direndam air

selama 24 jam dengan kondisi 95% d maks. Lapisan teratas setebal

30 cm harus memiliki kepadatan sebesar 100% d maks

Tebal lapisan tanah dasar sebesar 30 CM

Lebar lapisan tanah dasar sama dengan lapisan dibawahnya

Kemiringan lapisan tanah dasar ke arah luar sebesar 5%

Lapisan tanah dasar harus terletak min 0,75 m dari permukaan

air



DATA-DATA YANG DIPERLUKAN DALAMPERENCANAAN TUBUH JALAN KA

DATA GEOLOGIDigunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi lokasi secara umum yang ditinjau dari disipilin ilmu geologi.

DATA HIDROLOGIDigunakan untuk merencanakan drainase/saluranair/pematusan dari badan jalan, dengan tujuan untuk mencegah kerusakan badan jalan tersebut akibat pengaruhair

DATA TANAH

Digunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi tanah (daya dukung,kadar air, jenis tanah, karakteristik tanah, dll)



DATA GEOLOGI

Hal-hal yang perlu diketahui dari data geologi:

• Jenis bentukan geologi dan sejarahnya

• Deskripsi permukaan tanah dan batuan

• Deskripsi masa tanah terutama mengenai sesar ataulipatan-lipatan

• Bentuk lereng dan evaluasinya serta kemungkinanproses-proses yang masih berjalan seperti gerakan tanahdan pelapukan batuan serta pengikisan permukaan

• Kemiringan dan panjang rel, baik di tempat-tempat yangsudah stabil maupun yang memperlihatkan tanda-tanda

kelongsoran

• Keadaan-keadaan yang khusus dari permukaan, sepertilembah, jurang, sungai, danau dan hal-hal khususlainnya.



DATA HIDROLOGI

Data hidrologi yang diperlukan

Data curah hujan harian maupun tahunan

Keadaan vegetasi

Parit-parit dan sungai-sungai



DATA TANAH

Data tanah didapat dari hasil penyelidikan tanah di lapangandan laboratorium

Metoda penyelidikan tanah di lapangan:

• Bor tanah/Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

• CBR (California Bearing Ratio)

• Cone Penetration Test (CPT)

Metoda penyelidikan tanah di Laboratorium:

• Indeks tanah (Kadar air, Berat isi tanah, Berat jenis tanah, Angka pori, Derajat kejenuhan tanah, dll)

•

Karakteristik tanah (Gradasi, Batas Atterberg)• Sifat Fisik ( Kohesi/c, sudut geser/ø, qu dan sensitivitas,

Modulus elastis/E)

• Sifat lain(Koefisien kompresi /Cc, Koefisien

konsolidasi/Cv, Koefisien permeabilitas/k)


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/tubuh-jalan-ka 11/28Original Ground Base Soil

Lower EmbankmentToe of Slope

Slope

Berm

Shoulder of Slope

Subgrade

Upper Embankment3 m

Roadbed

SubballastBallast

Formation Level

(Filling)

Foundation Soil

EMBANKMENT

TECHNICAL TERM



EMBANKMENT

Design Regulation for

Indonesian Railway

(R. No. 10)

BS or AREMA Design Standard of railway

in Japan

New Design standard for

Indonesian Railway

Reason of

recommendation

A B C

(1) Embankment

Slope gradient, G

G 1/ 1.5

For rock

embankment

1/1.5 ~ 1/1.1 (BS)

Depth from formation

Level D

G

D < 9 m 1/1.5 ~ 1/1.8

9 D < 15 1/1.8 ~ 1/2.0

D 15 1/2.0 ~

G

D < 9 m 1/1.5 ~ 1/ 2.0

9 D < 15 1/1.8 ~ 1/2.0

D 15 1/2.0 ~

At present G= 1/ 2.0

is used where

D< 9 m

Berm

Gradient 5%

D > 6 m, berm is required No standard

3%

D > 6 m, berm is

required at D = 3 m

after every 6 m

Same as A

Same as C

5 % Gradient is

better for heavy rain.

Berm is very important

for stability.

Bearing stratum of

embankment

No regulation No standard

Volcanic cohesive soil

N value 3

Fine grained soil

N value > 4

Same as C

It is better to

decide the limit

of N value.

Safety factor for circular

slide

SF 1.5 SF 1.5 (AREMA) SF 1.4 Same as A Safety factor 1.5 is

reasonable

1



EMBANKMENT

Use of soft ground

improvement

Settlement 50 cmAllowable settlement after operation

is 100 ~ 200 mmSettlement 20 cm after operation

Settlement after

operation is moreimportant

Material of embankment

No regulation

Construction spec of

Kutoarjo – Yogya

Borrow material

CBR 6

Recommend

A.B group

(BS)

Suitable material

A B group

Allowable by stabilization

C D E group

Same as C

CBR 6 at 95 % of maxi dry

density

Japanese standard is practical.

CBR standard is

desirable

to judge the material.

Compacted embankment

Density 95 % of

maximum dry density in

laboratory

Same as A

(AREMA)

Density 100 % of maxi density

from test construction

K 30 value 70 MN/m3

(Plate load test )

Same as A

Same as C

Quality control by

density based on labodensity is most easy

and practical.

2


Indonesian Railway

(R. No. 10)


in Japan

New Design standard forIndonesian Railway

Reason of recommendation

A B C



CUT AREA

TECHNICAL TERM

Toe of SlopeCut Slope

Berm

Shoulder of Slope

Base Soil 3 mRoadbed

Subgrade

SubballastBallast

Formation Level

Foundation

Soil



CUT AREA

(2) Cut area

Gradient of cut slope

No regulation

From experience

(BS)

For rock slope

1/1 ~ 1/ 0.36For sand: 1/ 1.5For clay: ½(AREMA)

Standard gradient

from statistic dataSame as C

It is better for safety to

use statistic data.

Width between toe of cut

slope and edge of sideditch

a 70 cm Sufficient width (BS) No standard Same as AIt is necessary for thesafety of inspector

Berm

H 10 m with berm

at every 7 m height No standard Same as A

K 30 Value 70 MN / m3 Same as A

Berm is useful for safety of cut slope

Foundation soil

No regulation No standardIF K 30 Value 70 MN / m

3

Foundation soil shall be improvedSame as C

Bearing capacity isimportant

3


Indonesian Railway

(R. No. 10)


in Japan


Indonesian Railway

Reason of

recommendation

A B C



Relation between K30 value at the site

and CBR in laboratory



SUBGRADEDesign Regulation for

Indonesian Railway

(R. No. 10)


in Japan


Indonesian Railway

Reason of

recommendation

A B C

(3) Subgrade

Gradient

5 % No standard 3 % Same as A It is due to heavy rain

Location

Subgrade shall be located

minimum 0.75 m abovehighest ground water level

No standard No standard It is desirable that A It is difficult to keep

always mini 0.75 m.

Thickness

Thickness of subgrademini, 30 cm

No standard Same as A Same as A

Material of subgrade

CBR 8

No standard

No standard

Quality of natural earth and crusher

run for subgrade

CBR 8 at 95 % of max dry

density

Same as C

CBR standard is

useful to check the

material.

Compacted subgrade

Density 100 % No standard

K 30 Value 110 MN/ m3

or

Density 95 % of maxi dry density

Same as C

Mini 95 % density atthe site is practical.

Reinforced subgrade

material

No standard No standardAsphaltic concrete + stabilized

crushed rock Same as C

4



CUT AREADesign Regulation forIndonesian Railway

(R. No. 10)


in Japan



A B C

(4) Drainage

Rainfall recurrence

Rainfall recurrence

Railroadclass

Normaldrainagefacility*(year)

Moreimportantdrainagefacility *

(year)

1 15 25

2 10 15

3 7 10

4 3 5

5 3 5

Kind of drainage structure

Rainfall

recurrence

(year)

Ordinary drainage structure 5

Drainage at thetoe of slope

5

Drainage at theshoulder of cutslope

More than5

Specialdrainagestructure

Drainage passingacross the railway(pipe culvert and

box culvert )

Morethan 10

Kind of drainage structure

Rainfall

recurrence

(year)

Ordinary drainage structure 5

Drainage at thetoe of slope

10

Drainage at theshoulder of cutslope

15Specialdrainagestructure

Drainage passingacross the railway(pipe culvert and

box culvert )

25

The capacity of drainage structures

which cross therailway is most

important.

Gradient of drainage

structure

No standard Not less than 0.3 %(BS)

Same as B Same as B

Minimum diameter of drain

pipe

No standard

15 cm (BS)

6 inch (AREMA)for cleaning

No standard 15 cm

5



SLOPE PROTECTIONDesign Regulation forIndonesian Railway

(R. No. 10)


in Japan



A B C

(5) Slope protection

Thickness of top soil

No standard 10 ~ 20 cm (BS) 10 cm

Top soil of 10 cmthickness can be

easily compacted



CONSTRUCTION STANDARD OF

INDONESIAN RAILWAY

DIVISION II: EARHTWORK



EMBANKMENTConstruction specification

between Kutoarjo and YogyaBS or AREMA

Construction Standard of

Railway

in Japan

New Construction Standard for

Indonesian Railway

Reason of

recommendation

A B C

(1) Embankment

Borrow material

CBR 6%CBR 6% at 95% of maximum dry

density

Thickness of compactedone layer

30 cm

Coarse soils 70~30 cm

Fine soils 10 ~ 45 cm

(depending on type of plant) (BS)

Same as A Same as AThickness 30 cm is

practical

Density test

Each layer,3 points for each 100 mlot.

No standard

Alternative 1

Density test : Every 5 layers 3 points

for each 100 m lot

Plate load test : on top of

embankment 3 points for each 100 m

lot

Alternative 2(Upper embankment)

Each layer

2 points for each100 m lot

2 points is enoughfor one section

Plate load test

Every 5 layers,1 point for each 500 m lot

No standard

Plate load test : Every 5 layer 3

points for each 100 m lot

(Lower embankment )Density test : Every 5 layers 3 pointsfor each 100 m lot

On top of embankment1 point for each 100 m lot.

Plate load test is not

practical. It should be minimized.

Grade control

No specification No standard + 3 cm , -5 cm(in case of ordinary subgrade) Same as C

1



CUT AREA

Construction specification



Railway

in Japan


Indonesian Railway

Reason of

recommendation

A B C

(2) Cut area

Density test of foundation

soil

3 points for each 100 m lot No standard 2 point for each 100 m lot Same as C

Plate load test

1 point for each 500 m lot 2 point for each 100 m lot 1 point for each 100 m lot

Plate load test is

troublesome.

Test point should be

minimized.

Grade control

No specification No standard

+ 3 cm

- 5 cm

( same as embankment )

Same as C

2



SUBGRADEConstruction specification



Railway

in Japan


Indonesian Railway

Reason of

recommendation

A B C

(3) Subgrade

Thickness of one layer of

subgrade

T 15 cm No standard Same as A Same as A

15 cm thickness is

desirable for enough

compaction

Density test

3 point for each layer for

100 m lot No standard 2 point for each layer at100 m lot Same as C

Plate load test

1 point at the top of

subgrade or 500 m lot No standard

2 point at the top of subgrade for

100 m lotSame as C

Grade control

Within 25 mm Same as A Same as AWithin ± 25 mm for

grade control is

reasonable

Horizontally

Within 20 mm No standard Same as A



Quality Control of Earthwork

(Recommendation)

(Embankment)

Density Test 100

d 95 % Interval

Embankment2 m

30 cm

CBR ≥ 6

Plate load test 100 m

K 70 MN/ m3 interval

Density test 100 m

d 95 % interval

2 m

CBR ≥ 8 CBR ≥ 8

15 cm

CBR ≥ 6

Subgrade

(Each layer)

Embankment

CBR is at 95 % of maximum dry

density in laboratory Density test must be not less than

95 % of maximum dry density



Quality Control of Earthwork

(Recommendation)

Density test 100 m

d 95 % intervalSubgrade

Plate load test 100 m

K

70 MN/ m

3

interval

Foundation

soil

2 m

CBR ≥ 8 CBR ≥ 8

15 cm

In case of K 30 < 70 MN/ m3

soil improvement is required

2 m

Density test 100 m

d 95 % interval

Cut area

CBR is at 95 % of maximum dry

density in laboratory

Density test must be not less than

95 % of maximum dry density



MAINTENANCE STANDARD OF

INDONESIAN RAILWAY

DIVISION II: EARHTWORK



Maintenance standard of

Indonesian HighwayBS or AREMA

Maintenance Standard of

Japanese Railway

New Maintenance Standard for

Indonesian Railway

Reason of

recommendation

A B C

Periodic inspection

No standard No standard

a) Stable earthwork

Once two years

b) Unstable earthwork

Three times a year

a) Stable earthwork

Once two years

b) Unstable earthwork.

Twice a year

Three times a year for

especially unstable earthwork

As a minimum

necessity

Inspection during or just

after heavy rain

No standard No standard

Collapse of embankment

occurs from the rainfall of 80

mm continuously in Japan

(Average 201 mm)

It is desirable that the inspection is

conducted when the rainfall is

approximately more than 80 mm

continuously.

Standard to

indicate the

necessity of

inspection is useful.

Cleaning of drainage

structure

No standard

Ditches of all types

require periodicmaintenance(AREMA)

No standard

a) Side ditch

Not less than once a year

b) Silt traps and manhole


c) Drain pipe


or once two years

a) Side ditch

Not less than four times a year

b) Silt traps and manhole

Not less than four times a year

c) Drain pipe

Not less than twice a year

Some standard is

necessary for

practice

International road

maintenance

Handbook

Maintenance manual of

Highway in Japan



0

5

10

15

20

0 100 200 300 400 500

R = 201mm

= 90mm

Continuous rainfall, R (mm)

O c

c u r r e n c e o f f a i l u r e ( % )

Relation for continuous rainfall and

occurrence of failure of embankment

tubuh jalan ka

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