SKOR A KIMIA 2014TAJUK: KADAR TINDAKBALASSET 1(a)Food can be cooked faster when smaller pieces of charcoal are used compare to bigger pieces of charcoal. Explain why.Makanan akan lebih cepat masak apabila menggunakan arang yang bersaiz kecil berbanding arang bersaiz besar. Terangkan mengapa.[4 marks].......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

(b)A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affaecting the rate of reaction between sulphuric acid and zinc.Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara asid sulfurik dan zink.Table 7 shows the results of the experiments.Jadual 7 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.ExperimentEksperimen IIIIII

Set-up of apparatusSusunan radas

Zinc granule Ketulan zink50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid50 cm3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm-3

Hydrogen gasGas hidrogen

Zinc powder Serbuk zink50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid50 cm3asid sulfurik1.0 mol dm-3

Hydrogen gasGas hidrogen

Zinc granule Ketulan zink50 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid50 cm3asid sulfuric 0.5 mol dm-3

Hydrogen gasGas hidrogen

Time taken to collect 40cm3 of hydrogen gas/s Masa yang diambil untuk mengumpulkan 40 cm3 gas hydrogen/s80160240

Table 7Jadual 7

(i)Calculate the average rate of reaction for experiment II.Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi eksperimen II.[1 mark]

(ii)Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid.Calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen gas produced in Experiment III.[ 1 mol of gas occupies the volume of 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure]Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara zink dengan asid sulfurik. Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas hidrogen yang terhasil dalam Eksperimen III.[ 1 mol gas menempati isipadu sebanyak 24 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik][5 marks].............................................................................................................................................

(iii)Based on Table 7, compare the rate of reaction betweenBerdasarkan Jadual 7 bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara Experiment I and experiment II Eksperimen I and experiment II Experiment II and experimen III Eksperimen II dan eksperimen III In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to the Collision Theory.Bagi setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada Teori Perlanggaran.[10 marks]............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ SKOR A KIMIA 2014TAJUK: KADAR TINDAKBALASSET 2Two experiments were carried out to investigate factors that affect the rate of reaction. Table 4 shows the description of each experiment.Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar suatu tindak balas. Jadual 4 menunjukkan perincian setiap eksperimen.

ExperimentEksperimen

ReactantBahan tindak balas

Temperature, oCSuhu, 0CTotal volume of gascollected at 2 minutes (cm3)Jumlah isi padu gas yangdikumpulkan dalam 2 minit (cm3)

IExcess zinc powder + 20 cm3of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid

Serbuk zink berlebihan +20 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik

30

20.0

IIExcess zinc powder + 20 cm3of 0.1 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid + copper(II) sulphatesolution

Serbuk zink berlebihan + 20 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 asid sulfurik+ larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

30

32.0

Table 4Jadual 4

(a) Draw a diagram of the set-up of apparatus to carry out this experiment.Lukis gambar rajah untuk menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam eksperimen ini.

(b) Write the chemical equation for the reaction between zinc and sulphuric acid.Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas zink dan asid sulfurik.

................................................................................................................................[ 1 mark]

(c) Calculate the average rate of the reaction for the first two minutes of experiment Iand experiment II in cm3 s-1.Hitung kadar tindak balas purata bagi dua minit pertama untuk eksperimen Idan eksperimen II dalam cm3 s-1.

Experiment IEksperimen I

Experiment IIEksperimen II

(d) Calculate the maximum volume of gas produced in experiment II.

[ 2 marks]Hitungkan isipadu maksimum gas yang dibebaskan dalam eksperimen II.[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition][1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada keadaan bilik]

[ 2 marks]

(e) Compare the rate of reaction between experiment I and experiment II, explain why there is a difference in the rate of reaction based on the collision theory. Bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara eksperimen I dan II, terangkan perbezaan dalam kadar tindak balas menggunakan teori perlanggaran.

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[ 3 marks]SKOR A KIMIA 2014TAJUK: KADAR TINDAKBALASSET 3An experiment is carried out to determine the rate of reaction between excess calcium carbonate and 50.0 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid. The volume of carbon dioxide gas produced is recorded at 30 seconds intervals. The result obtained is recorded in Table 4.Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk menentukan kadar tindak balas antara50.0 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm-3 dengan kalsium karbonat berlebihan. Isipadi gas karbon dioksida yang terbebas direkodkan pada setiap 30 saat dalam Jadual 4.

Time/s0306090120150180210240

Volume/cm301729343636363636

Table 4a. Based on Table 4, draw a graph of volume of carbon dioxide gas against time.Berdasarkan Jadual 4, lukis graf isipadu gas karbon dioksida melawan masa.4mrk

b. Calculate the average rate of reaction for this experiment.Hitungkan kadar tindak balas purata bagi tindak balas ini2mrk

c. If the experiment is repeated by using 50.0 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid, sketch the expected curve in graph (b) .Jika eksperimen diulangi menggunakan 50.0 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.1 mol dm-3, lakarkan lengkung yang dijangkakan dalam graf (b).2mrkd. The factor that affects the rate of reaction in this experiment is concentration.State two other factors that can affect the rate of reaction in this experiment. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas dalam eksperimen ini ialah kepekatan. Nyatakan dua lagi faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas eksperimen ini.

.

... [2 marks]

SKOR A KIMIA 2014TAJUK: KADAR TINDAKBALASSET 4A student carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the rate of reaction.Table 10 shows the results of the experiments. The reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid produced sodium chloride, sulphur, sulphur dioxide and water.

Seorang pelajar menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual 10 menunjukkan keputusan bagi eksperimen itu.Tindak balas antara natrium tiosulfat dan asid hidroklorik menghasilkan natrium klorida, sulfur, sulfur dioksida dan airExperimentEksperimenReactantsBahan tindak balasTemperature/ 0CSuhu / 0CTime taken for mark Xdisappears from sight/sMasa untuk pangkah Xhilang dari penglihatan/s

I50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution + 5 cm3 of1 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid50 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat0.2 mol dm-3 + 5 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1 mol dm-3

30.0

18.0

II50 cm3 of 0.2 moldm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution + 5 cm3 of 1 moldm-3 hydrochloric acid50 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat0.2 mol dm-3 + 5 cm3 asid hidroklorik 1 mol dm-3

40.0

11.0

III50 cm3 of 0.2 mol dm-3 sodium thiosulphate solution + 5 cm3 of2 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid50 cm3 larutan natrium tiosulfat0.2 mol dm-3 + 5 cm3 asid hidroklorik 2 mol dm-3

40.0

2.0

(a) (i) Based on Table 10, arrange the rate of reaction for experiments I,II and III in ascending order. state the factor that affect the rate of reaction between- Experiment I and Experiment III- Experiment II and Experiment III

write the chemical reaction for Experiment III

Berdasarkan Jadual 10, susunkan kadar tindak balas bagi eksperimen I,II dan III dalam tertib menaik. nyatakan faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara- Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen III- Eksperimen II dan Eksperimen III, dan tuliskan persamaan kimia untuk Eksperimen III

[5 marks]

.................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................(i) Explain using collision theory the difference in the rate of reaction betweenExperiment II and Experiment III.

Terangkan dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran perbezaan kadar tindak balas antara Eksperimen II dan Eksperimen III.[5 marks].................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ...................................................................................................................................................b. Referring to Table 10, describe a laboratory experiment using one of the factor that affecting the rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution and hydrochloric acid. In your description, include an experiment procedure, observation and an ionic equation.

Merujuk kepada Jadual 10, huraikan satu eksperimen yang menggunakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas di antara larutan natrium thiosulfat dengan larutan asid hidroklorik. Dalam huraian anda, sertakan kaedah eksperimen, pemerhatian dan persamaan ion.[10 marks].................................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 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SKOR A KIMIA 2014TAJUK: KADAR TINDAKBALASSET 5An experiment is carried out to study the effect of concentration on rate of reaction.50.0 cm3 of 0.5 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid and excess granulated calcium carbonate is put into a conical flask and is placed on an electronic balance as shown in Diagram 4.The mass of the conical flask and its contents is recorded at 60 seconds intervals.Satu eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan ke atas kadar tindak balas.50.0 cm3 asid hidroklorik 0.5 mol dm-3 dan ketulan kalsium karbonat berlebihan dimasukkan ke dalam kelalang kun diletakkan di atas neraca elektronik seperti dalam Rajah 4.Jisim kelalang kun dan kandungannya direkodkan pada sela masa 60 saat.

Table 4 shows the results.Jadual 4 menunjukkan keputusan

Time/sec.[Masa/saat]060120180240300360420480

Balance readings /g[Bacaan neraca/g]140.64140.48140.37140.31140.26140.22140.20140.20140.20

JADUAL 4

(a) Give the definition of rate of reaction.[Berikan maksud kadar tindak balas]

.................................................................................................................................... [1 mark](b) Explain why the mass of the conical flask and its content decreases with time.[Terangkan mengapa jisim kelalang kun dan kandungannya berkurang dengan masa]

........................................................................................................................................

.................................................................................................................................... [1 mark]

(c) Based on Table 4, plot a graph of the mass of the conical flask and its content versus time on the graph paper below.[Berdasarkan Jadual 4, plotkan graf jisim kelalang kun dan kandungannya melawan masa pada kertas graf di bawah].

d) Based on the graph, calculate the instantaneous rate of reaction at 120 seconds.[Berdasarkan graf, hitungkan kadar tindak balas pada saat ke 120]

(e) (i) Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide gas produced.[Hitungkan jisim gas karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan]

(ii) Calculate the expected volume of gas produced at room condition.[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm3 at room condition; relative molecular mass ofCO2 is 44 ][Hitungkan isipadu gas yang dijangka akan terhasil pada keadaan bilik.1 mol gas menempati 24 dm3 pada suhu bilik ; jisim molekul relatif CO2 ialah 44]SKOR A KIMIA 2014TAJUK: KADAR TINDAKBALASSET 6Two experiments were carried out to compare the effect of catalyst on the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. For each experiment, 50 cm3 of 0.1 mol dm-3 aqueous hydrogen peroxide was used. The volume of oxygen gas produced was measured at regular time intervals.Table 8 shows the results of the experiments.Dua eksperimen telah dijalankan untuk membandingkan kesan mangkin terhadap penguraian hydrogen peroksida. Dalam setiap eksperimen,50 cm3 0.1 mol dm-3 larutan hidrogen peroksida akueus digunakan. Isipadu gas yang terbebas diukur pada sela masa tertentu.Jadual 8 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.

ExperimentReacting mixtureCampuran bahan tindak balasTime/sMasa/s05101520253035

IHydrogen peroxide, H2O2Hidrogen peroksida, H2O2Volume of oxygen gas (cm3)Isipadu gas oksigen/cm3

010182430343840

IIHydrogen peroxide, H2O2 + catalystHidrogen peroksida, H2O2 + mangkinVolume of oxygen gas (cm3)Isipadu gas oksigen/cm3024405057606060

TABLE 8JADUAL 8 (i) On the same axis, plot graphs for the volume of oxygen gas against time for experiments I and II. Use the graph paper provided in page 22.Pada paksi yang sama, plot graf isipadu gas oksigen melawan masa bagi ekperimen I dan II. Gunakan kertas graf yang dibekalkan di muka surat 22. [4 marks]

(ii) Based on the graphs in b(i),determine the instantaneous rates of reaction for experiments I and II at 15 seconds. Berdasarkan pada graf b(i),tentukan kadar tindak balas bagi eksperimen I dan II pada saat ke 15.

[6 marks]

iii) Based on the values obtained in b(ii), which experiment has a higher rate of reaction? Explain your answer.Berdasarkan nilai yang didapati di b(ii),eksperimen manakah mempunyai kadar tindak balas yang lebih tinggi? Terangkan jawapan anda.[3 marks].......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................iv) Based on the collision theory, explain the effect of the catalyst on the rate of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. Berdasarkan teori perlanggaran, terangkan kesan mangkin ke atas kadar penguraian hidrogen peroksida.....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................