prlc armstrong biogas flhs spr08

8/17/2019 PRLC Armstrong Biogas FLHS Spr08

1/21

BiogasAlix Simnock

Brooke Myones

Carrie SenftDan Cohn


2/21

What is Biogas?

• Clean, efcientsource o renewableenergy (1)

• Made rom organic

waste• roduces methane• !naerobic digestion (")

• #e$laces non%

renewable energy• &igested in an

airtight container


3/21

Why 'ae a Biogas&igester?

• #e$laces ossil uels andother sources ononrenewable energy

• im$le, cost e*ectiedesigns

• 'ighly aailable uelsu$$ly

• Better usage o manure

% no longer $olluting water

% no longer being burnt

• aes money

• &ecrease greenhouse gasemissions

• roduces organic ertili+er


4/21

'ow &oes it Wor?

• Manure mi-ed with water to create

slurry

• lurry is $ut into airtight digester

• !naerobic decom$osition

• Methane created and collected

• ./uent $roduced and remoed(1)


5/21

Water, Excreta,

Organic Material,

Biodegradable

Waste

Hydrolysis,

Fermentation,

Acetogenesis,

Dehydrogenization,

Methanogenesis

MethaneCO2

Amonio

H2SBiogas

Anaerobic EnvironmentAnaerobic Environment

Water with 80-90%

less contaminants,

Organic Fertilizer

O2

Graphic courtesy of Raul Botero

ENE!"

+

(3)


6/21

0echnical #euirements orBiodigestor

$'

0em$erature (2)

0ime

#atio o water to waste#atio o carbon to nitrogen (3)


7/21

Fats and !rease

Food #rocessing Waste

$%ltivation Waste

Whey &'itho%t salt(

Man%re

Biomasselative Biogas #rod%ction

(3)


8/21

./uent

• 4ertili+er (5)• 6nly 789 $athogen

ree

• ulabh ./uent 0reatment

%sedimentation

%:ltration

%;< radiation (=)

• 0ila$ia $ond (>)


9/21

Digester

Inuen

t

Digester

Euen

t

Percente!uctio

n

"SEPA

#imit

CII"$

#imitC%D

&mg'#( )*+, -.) ,-/01 0)2 233

B%D&mg'#( -+. *+/) .*/-1 )2 )33

4SS&mg'#( ))3* 50* ,2/+1 52 )33

4ur6i!ity &74"( 0,0, 0.) *3/21 23

487&mg'#( 53+ 0++ -2/.1 02 23

79-:7

&mg'#( -+/0 ,)/)

-5/*1Increas

e )

P% :P05/+1Increas

(3)


10/21

crubber

• '" % hydrogen sul:de Corrosie to metal $arts o generator

Com$onent o biogas

• teel wool scrubber(7)


11/21

Where 'as it Been ;sed?

M!@@ C!@. &A.0.#

18,888,888 in China

3,888,888 in Andia28,888 in Cambodia

3,888 in


12/21

As it uccessul?

• China EesF 'el$edwith energyshortage $roblem(18)

• Costa #ica EesFBig in rural areas(1)

• Middle .ast EesF'el$ed im$roe

health and saetyconditions (5)

• Most successul inrural areas

i d l hi i d


13/21

&esignsGModels China 4i-ed&ome

()


14/21

&esignGModel Andia 4loatingCoer

Mi!in"

#it

$nlet #ipe

Gas Outlet

%loatin"

Gas Co&er

#artition

'all

%lui e&el

Outlet #it

Slurry

(2)


15/21

&esignsGModels% anta 4eWomenHs rou$ Costa #ica

• 'alting deorestation

• ;se o cow manure

• roduces energy or

cooing• 1I7 meters dee$

J1I3 meters wide J Dmeters long

biodigester• "1 ratio o water to

manure (1)


16/21

Calculations188 goatsK and 13 $eo$leKs waste can $roduce

18 mD o biogas ( D )

1 W generator can run on 3I52 m

D

o biogas or1" hours $er day

5 W generator DDI>2 mD or 1" hoursGday

(DDI>2 mD) J (1 G I2 mDGg biomass) L >2I5 ghorse manure


17/21

Calculations (continued)D8 ydD dum$ster :lled to ca$acity 1%" times $er

wee

(D8 ydD) J ("= tDGydD) L >18 tDGdum$ster

(>18 tDGdum$ster) J (33 lbsGtD dry manure) L 22338lbs manureGdum$ster

(22338 lbsGdum$ster) J (1 g G "I" lbs) L "8"38gGdum$ster

("8"38 gGdum$ster) J (1 G >2I5 gGday) L

"D7ID5 daysGdum$ster

(3)


18/21

Calculations (continued)

D8 ydD dum$ster :lled to ca$acity (1 $ullN) 1%"

times $er wee

Barn $ays or hauler $er month, based on number ostalls% estimated O38%O=3 dollarsGstall, or "> stalls

(1288 OGmonth) J (1 G > $ulls $er month) L O1=3G$ull

("188 OGmonth) J (1 G 2 $ulls $er month) L O3"3G$ull

.ach $ull costs the barn between O1=3 and O3"3I


19/21

6ur #ecommendation

Biogas L yes

%Carbon neutral, renewable uel

%no net increase in atmos$heric greenhouse gas

Considerations%0ime %@abor%Construction cost %Waste dis$osal

%4uel source %0em$erature and $'


20/21

#eerences1 "Biodigester Design & Construction: Understanding the Basics of a Biodigester." Rural Costa Rica. 2007.

Rural Costa Rica. 5 Jun 2008 .

2 “3.1.2. Biogas.” Sustainable Energy Technologies Solutions for Poverty Reduction in South Asia. Inforse-Asia: The International Network for Sustainable Energy..

3 Arnow, Josh. "bio gas." E-mail to Alix Simnock. 28 May 2005.

4 “Biogas Digesters.” Household Energy Options. Energy for Sustainable Development (ESD) Limited. 3 June2008 .

5 “The biogas plant-some technical considerations.” Bioconversion of Organic Residues for RuralCommunities. 1979. The United Nations University. 31 May 2008.

6 Nagamani , B., and K. Ramasamy. "Biogas production technology: An Indian perspective." Indian Academyof Sciences. Indian Academy of Sciences. 5 Jun 2008 .

7 Jha, P. K.. "Recycling and reuse of human excreta from public toilets through biogas generation to improvesanitation, community health and environment." United Nations Asian and Pacific Center for AgriculturalEngineering and Machinery. United Nations Asian and Pacific Center for Agricultural Engineering andMachinery. 5 Jun 2008 .


21/21

#eerences (continued)8 Todd, John. "T H E E C O - M A C H I N E: Design and Construction." Todd Ecological, Inc. - Solutions

For Water Planning and Management. 2007. Todd Ecological Design, Inc.. 8 Jun 2008

.

9 “Biogas Scrubbing System (Eliminating Corrosive Hydrogen Sulfide Gas).” Energy Farms Network:Reliable Renewable Energy for a Post Carbon World. 2006. Post Carbon Institute. 3 June 2008.

10 "Sichuan's Home-Scalae Biogas Digesters". Mother Earth News. 6/5/08.

11 "Current Project: Small-Scale Biogas in La Florida". Appropriate Infrastructure Delegate Group. 6/5/08.

12 Beckmann, Curt. "Home biogas system (original)." Appropedia. MediaWiki. 5 Jun 2008.

13 Jokela, Bill. “Manure Spreader Calibration.” University of Vermont Extension. 9 June 2008

prlc armstrong biogas flhs spr08

Documents